refactor: split backend into harness (deerflow.*) and app (app.*) (#1131)

* refactor: extract shared utils to break harness→app cross-layer imports

Move _validate_skill_frontmatter to src/skills/validation.py and
CONVERTIBLE_EXTENSIONS + convert_file_to_markdown to src/utils/file_conversion.py.
This eliminates the two reverse dependencies from client.py (harness layer)
into gateway/routers/ (app layer), preparing for the harness/app package split.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* refactor: split backend/src into harness (deerflow.*) and app (app.*)

Physically split the monolithic backend/src/ package into two layers:

- **Harness** (`packages/harness/deerflow/`): publishable agent framework
  package with import prefix `deerflow.*`. Contains agents, sandbox, tools,
  models, MCP, skills, config, and all core infrastructure.

- **App** (`app/`): unpublished application code with import prefix `app.*`.
  Contains gateway (FastAPI REST API) and channels (IM integrations).

Key changes:
- Move 13 harness modules to packages/harness/deerflow/ via git mv
- Move gateway + channels to app/ via git mv
- Rename all imports: src.* → deerflow.* (harness) / app.* (app layer)
- Set up uv workspace with deerflow-harness as workspace member
- Update langgraph.json, config.example.yaml, all scripts, Docker files
- Add build-system (hatchling) to harness pyproject.toml
- Add PYTHONPATH=. to gateway startup commands for app.* resolution
- Update ruff.toml with known-first-party for import sorting
- Update all documentation to reflect new directory structure

Boundary rule enforced: harness code never imports from app.
All 429 tests pass. Lint clean.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* chore: add harness→app boundary check test and update docs

Add test_harness_boundary.py that scans all Python files in
packages/harness/deerflow/ and fails if any `from app.*` or
`import app.*` statement is found. This enforces the architectural
rule that the harness layer never depends on the app layer.

Update CLAUDE.md to document the harness/app split architecture,
import conventions, and the boundary enforcement test.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* feat: add config versioning with auto-upgrade on startup

When config.example.yaml schema changes, developers' local config.yaml
files can silently become outdated. This adds a config_version field and
auto-upgrade mechanism so breaking changes (like src.* → deerflow.*
renames) are applied automatically before services start.

- Add config_version: 1 to config.example.yaml
- Add startup version check warning in AppConfig.from_file()
- Add scripts/config-upgrade.sh with migration registry for value replacements
- Add `make config-upgrade` target
- Auto-run config-upgrade in serve.sh and start-daemon.sh before starting services
- Add config error hints in service failure messages

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix comments

* fix: update src.* import in test_sandbox_tools_security to deerflow.*

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: handle empty config and search parent dirs for config.example.yaml

Address Copilot review comments on PR #1131:
- Guard against yaml.safe_load() returning None for empty config files
- Search parent directories for config.example.yaml instead of only
  looking next to config.yaml, fixing detection in common setups

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: correct skills root path depth and config_version type coercion

- loader.py: fix get_skills_root_path() to use 5 parent levels (was 3)
  after harness split, file lives at packages/harness/deerflow/skills/
  so parent×3 resolved to backend/packages/harness/ instead of backend/
- app_config.py: coerce config_version to int() before comparison in
  _check_config_version() to prevent TypeError when YAML stores value
  as string (e.g. config_version: "1")
- tests: add regression tests for both fixes

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* fix: update test imports from src.* to deerflow.*/app.* after harness refactor

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
DanielWalnut
2026-03-14 22:55:52 +08:00
committed by GitHub
parent 9b49a80dda
commit 76803b826f
198 changed files with 1786 additions and 941 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
from .aio_sandbox import AioSandbox
from .aio_sandbox_provider import AioSandboxProvider
from .backend import SandboxBackend
from .local_backend import LocalContainerBackend
from .remote_backend import RemoteSandboxBackend
from .sandbox_info import SandboxInfo
__all__ = [
"AioSandbox",
"AioSandboxProvider",
"LocalContainerBackend",
"RemoteSandboxBackend",
"SandboxBackend",
"SandboxInfo",
]
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
import base64
import logging
from agent_sandbox import Sandbox as AioSandboxClient
from deerflow.sandbox.sandbox import Sandbox
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class AioSandbox(Sandbox):
"""Sandbox implementation using the agent-infra/sandbox Docker container.
This sandbox connects to a running AIO sandbox container via HTTP API.
"""
def __init__(self, id: str, base_url: str, home_dir: str | None = None):
"""Initialize the AIO sandbox.
Args:
id: Unique identifier for this sandbox instance.
base_url: URL of the sandbox API (e.g., http://localhost:8080).
home_dir: Home directory inside the sandbox. If None, will be fetched from the sandbox.
"""
super().__init__(id)
self._base_url = base_url
self._client = AioSandboxClient(base_url=base_url, timeout=600)
self._home_dir = home_dir
@property
def base_url(self) -> str:
return self._base_url
@property
def home_dir(self) -> str:
"""Get the home directory inside the sandbox."""
if self._home_dir is None:
context = self._client.sandbox.get_context()
self._home_dir = context.home_dir
return self._home_dir
def execute_command(self, command: str) -> str:
"""Execute a shell command in the sandbox.
Args:
command: The command to execute.
Returns:
The output of the command.
"""
try:
result = self._client.shell.exec_command(command=command)
output = result.data.output if result.data else ""
return output if output else "(no output)"
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Failed to execute command in sandbox: {e}")
return f"Error: {e}"
def read_file(self, path: str) -> str:
"""Read the content of a file in the sandbox.
Args:
path: The absolute path of the file to read.
Returns:
The content of the file.
"""
try:
result = self._client.file.read_file(file=path)
return result.data.content if result.data else ""
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Failed to read file in sandbox: {e}")
return f"Error: {e}"
def list_dir(self, path: str, max_depth: int = 2) -> list[str]:
"""List the contents of a directory in the sandbox.
Args:
path: The absolute path of the directory to list.
max_depth: The maximum depth to traverse. Default is 2.
Returns:
The contents of the directory.
"""
try:
# Use shell command to list directory with depth limit
# The -L flag limits the depth for the tree command
result = self._client.shell.exec_command(command=f"find {path} -maxdepth {max_depth} -type f -o -type d 2>/dev/null | head -500")
output = result.data.output if result.data else ""
if output:
return [line.strip() for line in output.strip().split("\n") if line.strip()]
return []
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Failed to list directory in sandbox: {e}")
return []
def write_file(self, path: str, content: str, append: bool = False) -> None:
"""Write content to a file in the sandbox.
Args:
path: The absolute path of the file to write to.
content: The text content to write to the file.
append: Whether to append the content to the file.
"""
try:
if append:
# Read existing content first and append
existing = self.read_file(path)
if not existing.startswith("Error:"):
content = existing + content
self._client.file.write_file(file=path, content=content)
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Failed to write file in sandbox: {e}")
raise
def update_file(self, path: str, content: bytes) -> None:
"""Update a file with binary content in the sandbox.
Args:
path: The absolute path of the file to update.
content: The binary content to write to the file.
"""
try:
base64_content = base64.b64encode(content).decode("utf-8")
self._client.file.write_file(file=path, content=base64_content, encoding="base64")
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Failed to update file in sandbox: {e}")
raise
@@ -0,0 +1,609 @@
"""AIO Sandbox Provider — orchestrates sandbox lifecycle with pluggable backends.
This provider composes:
- SandboxBackend: how sandboxes are provisioned (local container vs remote/K8s)
The provider itself handles:
- In-process caching for fast repeated access
- Idle timeout management
- Graceful shutdown with signal handling
- Mount computation (thread-specific, skills)
"""
import atexit
import fcntl
import hashlib
import logging
import os
import signal
import threading
import time
import uuid
from deerflow.config import get_app_config
from deerflow.config.paths import VIRTUAL_PATH_PREFIX, Paths, get_paths
from deerflow.sandbox.sandbox import Sandbox
from deerflow.sandbox.sandbox_provider import SandboxProvider
from .aio_sandbox import AioSandbox
from .backend import SandboxBackend, wait_for_sandbox_ready
from .local_backend import LocalContainerBackend
from .remote_backend import RemoteSandboxBackend
from .sandbox_info import SandboxInfo
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# Default configuration
DEFAULT_IMAGE = "enterprise-public-cn-beijing.cr.volces.com/vefaas-public/all-in-one-sandbox:latest"
DEFAULT_PORT = 8080
DEFAULT_CONTAINER_PREFIX = "deer-flow-sandbox"
DEFAULT_IDLE_TIMEOUT = 600 # 10 minutes in seconds
DEFAULT_REPLICAS = 3 # Maximum concurrent sandbox containers
IDLE_CHECK_INTERVAL = 60 # Check every 60 seconds
class AioSandboxProvider(SandboxProvider):
"""Sandbox provider that manages containers running the AIO sandbox.
Architecture:
This provider composes a SandboxBackend (how to provision), enabling:
- Local Docker/Apple Container mode (auto-start containers)
- Remote/K8s mode (connect to pre-existing sandbox URL)
Configuration options in config.yaml under sandbox:
use: deerflow.community.aio_sandbox:AioSandboxProvider
image: <container image>
port: 8080 # Base port for local containers
container_prefix: deer-flow-sandbox
idle_timeout: 600 # Idle timeout in seconds (0 to disable)
replicas: 3 # Max concurrent sandbox containers (LRU eviction when exceeded)
mounts: # Volume mounts for local containers
- host_path: /path/on/host
container_path: /path/in/container
read_only: false
environment: # Environment variables for containers
NODE_ENV: production
API_KEY: $MY_API_KEY
"""
def __init__(self):
self._lock = threading.Lock()
self._sandboxes: dict[str, AioSandbox] = {} # sandbox_id -> AioSandbox instance
self._sandbox_infos: dict[str, SandboxInfo] = {} # sandbox_id -> SandboxInfo (for destroy)
self._thread_sandboxes: dict[str, str] = {} # thread_id -> sandbox_id
self._thread_locks: dict[str, threading.Lock] = {} # thread_id -> in-process lock
self._last_activity: dict[str, float] = {} # sandbox_id -> last activity timestamp
# Warm pool: released sandboxes whose containers are still running.
# Maps sandbox_id -> (SandboxInfo, release_timestamp).
# Containers here can be reclaimed quickly (no cold-start) or destroyed
# when replicas capacity is exhausted.
self._warm_pool: dict[str, tuple[SandboxInfo, float]] = {}
self._shutdown_called = False
self._idle_checker_stop = threading.Event()
self._idle_checker_thread: threading.Thread | None = None
self._config = self._load_config()
self._backend: SandboxBackend = self._create_backend()
# Register shutdown handler
atexit.register(self.shutdown)
self._register_signal_handlers()
# Start idle checker if enabled
if self._config.get("idle_timeout", DEFAULT_IDLE_TIMEOUT) > 0:
self._start_idle_checker()
# ── Factory methods ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
def _create_backend(self) -> SandboxBackend:
"""Create the appropriate backend based on configuration.
Selection logic (checked in order):
1. ``provisioner_url`` set → RemoteSandboxBackend (provisioner mode)
Provisioner dynamically creates Pods + Services in k3s.
2. Default → LocalContainerBackend (local mode)
Local provider manages container lifecycle directly (start/stop).
"""
provisioner_url = self._config.get("provisioner_url")
if provisioner_url:
logger.info(f"Using remote sandbox backend with provisioner at {provisioner_url}")
return RemoteSandboxBackend(provisioner_url=provisioner_url)
logger.info("Using local container sandbox backend")
return LocalContainerBackend(
image=self._config["image"],
base_port=self._config["port"],
container_prefix=self._config["container_prefix"],
config_mounts=self._config["mounts"],
environment=self._config["environment"],
)
# ── Configuration ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def _load_config(self) -> dict:
"""Load sandbox configuration from app config."""
config = get_app_config()
sandbox_config = config.sandbox
idle_timeout = getattr(sandbox_config, "idle_timeout", None)
replicas = getattr(sandbox_config, "replicas", None)
return {
"image": sandbox_config.image or DEFAULT_IMAGE,
"port": sandbox_config.port or DEFAULT_PORT,
"container_prefix": sandbox_config.container_prefix or DEFAULT_CONTAINER_PREFIX,
"idle_timeout": idle_timeout if idle_timeout is not None else DEFAULT_IDLE_TIMEOUT,
"replicas": replicas if replicas is not None else DEFAULT_REPLICAS,
"mounts": sandbox_config.mounts or [],
"environment": self._resolve_env_vars(sandbox_config.environment or {}),
# provisioner URL for dynamic pod management (e.g. http://provisioner:8002)
"provisioner_url": getattr(sandbox_config, "provisioner_url", None) or "",
}
@staticmethod
def _resolve_env_vars(env_config: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, str]:
"""Resolve environment variable references (values starting with $)."""
resolved = {}
for key, value in env_config.items():
if isinstance(value, str) and value.startswith("$"):
env_name = value[1:]
resolved[key] = os.environ.get(env_name, "")
else:
resolved[key] = str(value)
return resolved
# ── Deterministic ID ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
@staticmethod
def _deterministic_sandbox_id(thread_id: str) -> str:
"""Generate a deterministic sandbox ID from a thread ID.
Ensures all processes derive the same sandbox_id for a given thread,
enabling cross-process sandbox discovery without shared memory.
"""
return hashlib.sha256(thread_id.encode()).hexdigest()[:8]
# ── Mount helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def _get_extra_mounts(self, thread_id: str | None) -> list[tuple[str, str, bool]]:
"""Collect all extra mounts for a sandbox (thread-specific + skills)."""
mounts: list[tuple[str, str, bool]] = []
if thread_id:
mounts.extend(self._get_thread_mounts(thread_id))
logger.info(f"Adding thread mounts for thread {thread_id}: {mounts}")
skills_mount = self._get_skills_mount()
if skills_mount:
mounts.append(skills_mount)
logger.info(f"Adding skills mount: {skills_mount}")
return mounts
@staticmethod
def _get_thread_mounts(thread_id: str) -> list[tuple[str, str, bool]]:
"""Get volume mounts for a thread's data directories.
Creates directories if they don't exist (lazy initialization).
Mount sources use host_base_dir so that when running inside Docker with a
mounted Docker socket (DooD), the host Docker daemon can resolve the paths.
"""
paths = get_paths()
paths.ensure_thread_dirs(thread_id)
# host_paths resolves to the host-side base dir when DEER_FLOW_HOST_BASE_DIR
# is set, otherwise falls back to the container's own base dir (native mode).
host_paths = Paths(base_dir=paths.host_base_dir)
return [
(str(host_paths.sandbox_work_dir(thread_id)), f"{VIRTUAL_PATH_PREFIX}/workspace", False),
(str(host_paths.sandbox_uploads_dir(thread_id)), f"{VIRTUAL_PATH_PREFIX}/uploads", False),
(str(host_paths.sandbox_outputs_dir(thread_id)), f"{VIRTUAL_PATH_PREFIX}/outputs", False),
]
@staticmethod
def _get_skills_mount() -> tuple[str, str, bool] | None:
"""Get the skills directory mount configuration.
Mount source uses DEER_FLOW_HOST_SKILLS_PATH when running inside Docker (DooD)
so the host Docker daemon can resolve the path.
"""
try:
config = get_app_config()
skills_path = config.skills.get_skills_path()
container_path = config.skills.container_path
if skills_path.exists():
# When running inside Docker with DooD, use host-side skills path.
host_skills = os.environ.get("DEER_FLOW_HOST_SKILLS_PATH") or str(skills_path)
return (host_skills, container_path, True) # Read-only for security
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f"Could not setup skills mount: {e}")
return None
# ── Idle timeout management ──────────────────────────────────────────
def _start_idle_checker(self) -> None:
"""Start the background thread that checks for idle sandboxes."""
self._idle_checker_thread = threading.Thread(
target=self._idle_checker_loop,
name="sandbox-idle-checker",
daemon=True,
)
self._idle_checker_thread.start()
logger.info(f"Started idle checker thread (timeout: {self._config.get('idle_timeout', DEFAULT_IDLE_TIMEOUT)}s)")
def _idle_checker_loop(self) -> None:
idle_timeout = self._config.get("idle_timeout", DEFAULT_IDLE_TIMEOUT)
while not self._idle_checker_stop.wait(timeout=IDLE_CHECK_INTERVAL):
try:
self._cleanup_idle_sandboxes(idle_timeout)
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Error in idle checker loop: {e}")
def _cleanup_idle_sandboxes(self, idle_timeout: float) -> None:
current_time = time.time()
active_to_destroy = []
warm_to_destroy: list[tuple[str, SandboxInfo]] = []
with self._lock:
# Active sandboxes: tracked via _last_activity
for sandbox_id, last_activity in self._last_activity.items():
idle_duration = current_time - last_activity
if idle_duration > idle_timeout:
active_to_destroy.append(sandbox_id)
logger.info(f"Sandbox {sandbox_id} idle for {idle_duration:.1f}s, marking for destroy")
# Warm pool: tracked via release_timestamp stored in _warm_pool
for sandbox_id, (info, release_ts) in list(self._warm_pool.items()):
warm_duration = current_time - release_ts
if warm_duration > idle_timeout:
warm_to_destroy.append((sandbox_id, info))
del self._warm_pool[sandbox_id]
logger.info(f"Warm-pool sandbox {sandbox_id} idle for {warm_duration:.1f}s, marking for destroy")
# Destroy active sandboxes (re-verify still idle before acting)
for sandbox_id in active_to_destroy:
try:
# Re-verify the sandbox is still idle under the lock before destroying.
# Between the snapshot above and here, the sandbox may have been
# re-acquired (last_activity updated) or already released/destroyed.
with self._lock:
last_activity = self._last_activity.get(sandbox_id)
if last_activity is None:
# Already released or destroyed by another path — skip.
logger.info(f"Sandbox {sandbox_id} already gone before idle destroy, skipping")
continue
if (time.time() - last_activity) < idle_timeout:
# Re-acquired (activity updated) since the snapshot — skip.
logger.info(f"Sandbox {sandbox_id} was re-acquired before idle destroy, skipping")
continue
logger.info(f"Destroying idle sandbox {sandbox_id}")
self.destroy(sandbox_id)
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Failed to destroy idle sandbox {sandbox_id}: {e}")
# Destroy warm-pool sandboxes (already removed from _warm_pool under lock above)
for sandbox_id, info in warm_to_destroy:
try:
self._backend.destroy(info)
logger.info(f"Destroyed idle warm-pool sandbox {sandbox_id}")
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Failed to destroy idle warm-pool sandbox {sandbox_id}: {e}")
# ── Signal handling ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
def _register_signal_handlers(self) -> None:
"""Register signal handlers for graceful shutdown."""
self._original_sigterm = signal.getsignal(signal.SIGTERM)
self._original_sigint = signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT)
def signal_handler(signum, frame):
self.shutdown()
original = self._original_sigterm if signum == signal.SIGTERM else self._original_sigint
if callable(original):
original(signum, frame)
elif original == signal.SIG_DFL:
signal.signal(signum, signal.SIG_DFL)
signal.raise_signal(signum)
try:
signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, signal_handler)
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)
except ValueError:
logger.debug("Could not register signal handlers (not main thread)")
# ── Thread locking (in-process) ──────────────────────────────────────
def _get_thread_lock(self, thread_id: str) -> threading.Lock:
"""Get or create an in-process lock for a specific thread_id."""
with self._lock:
if thread_id not in self._thread_locks:
self._thread_locks[thread_id] = threading.Lock()
return self._thread_locks[thread_id]
# ── Core: acquire / get / release / shutdown ─────────────────────────
def acquire(self, thread_id: str | None = None) -> str:
"""Acquire a sandbox environment and return its ID.
For the same thread_id, this method will return the same sandbox_id
across multiple turns, multiple processes, and (with shared storage)
multiple pods.
Thread-safe with both in-process and cross-process locking.
Args:
thread_id: Optional thread ID for thread-specific configurations.
Returns:
The ID of the acquired sandbox environment.
"""
if thread_id:
thread_lock = self._get_thread_lock(thread_id)
with thread_lock:
return self._acquire_internal(thread_id)
else:
return self._acquire_internal(thread_id)
def _acquire_internal(self, thread_id: str | None) -> str:
"""Internal sandbox acquisition with two-layer consistency.
Layer 1: In-process cache (fastest, covers same-process repeated access)
Layer 2: Backend discovery (covers containers started by other processes;
sandbox_id is deterministic from thread_id so no shared state file
is needed — any process can derive the same container name)
"""
# ── Layer 1: In-process cache (fast path) ──
if thread_id:
with self._lock:
if thread_id in self._thread_sandboxes:
existing_id = self._thread_sandboxes[thread_id]
if existing_id in self._sandboxes:
logger.info(f"Reusing in-process sandbox {existing_id} for thread {thread_id}")
self._last_activity[existing_id] = time.time()
return existing_id
else:
del self._thread_sandboxes[thread_id]
# Deterministic ID for thread-specific, random for anonymous
sandbox_id = self._deterministic_sandbox_id(thread_id) if thread_id else str(uuid.uuid4())[:8]
# ── Layer 1.5: Warm pool (container still running, no cold-start) ──
if thread_id:
with self._lock:
if sandbox_id in self._warm_pool:
info, _ = self._warm_pool.pop(sandbox_id)
sandbox = AioSandbox(id=sandbox_id, base_url=info.sandbox_url)
self._sandboxes[sandbox_id] = sandbox
self._sandbox_infos[sandbox_id] = info
self._last_activity[sandbox_id] = time.time()
self._thread_sandboxes[thread_id] = sandbox_id
logger.info(f"Reclaimed warm-pool sandbox {sandbox_id} for thread {thread_id} at {info.sandbox_url}")
return sandbox_id
# ── Layer 2: Backend discovery + create (protected by cross-process lock) ──
# Use a file lock so that two processes racing to create the same sandbox
# for the same thread_id serialize here: the second process will discover
# the container started by the first instead of hitting a name-conflict.
if thread_id:
return self._discover_or_create_with_lock(thread_id, sandbox_id)
return self._create_sandbox(thread_id, sandbox_id)
def _discover_or_create_with_lock(self, thread_id: str, sandbox_id: str) -> str:
"""Discover an existing sandbox or create a new one under a cross-process file lock.
The file lock serializes concurrent sandbox creation for the same thread_id
across multiple processes, preventing container-name conflicts.
"""
paths = get_paths()
paths.ensure_thread_dirs(thread_id)
lock_path = paths.thread_dir(thread_id) / f"{sandbox_id}.lock"
with open(lock_path, "a") as lock_file:
try:
fcntl.flock(lock_file, fcntl.LOCK_EX)
# Re-check in-process caches under the file lock in case another
# thread in this process won the race while we were waiting.
with self._lock:
if thread_id in self._thread_sandboxes:
existing_id = self._thread_sandboxes[thread_id]
if existing_id in self._sandboxes:
logger.info(f"Reusing in-process sandbox {existing_id} for thread {thread_id} (post-lock check)")
self._last_activity[existing_id] = time.time()
return existing_id
if sandbox_id in self._warm_pool:
info, _ = self._warm_pool.pop(sandbox_id)
sandbox = AioSandbox(id=sandbox_id, base_url=info.sandbox_url)
self._sandboxes[sandbox_id] = sandbox
self._sandbox_infos[sandbox_id] = info
self._last_activity[sandbox_id] = time.time()
self._thread_sandboxes[thread_id] = sandbox_id
logger.info(f"Reclaimed warm-pool sandbox {sandbox_id} for thread {thread_id} (post-lock check)")
return sandbox_id
# Backend discovery: another process may have created the container.
discovered = self._backend.discover(sandbox_id)
if discovered is not None:
sandbox = AioSandbox(id=discovered.sandbox_id, base_url=discovered.sandbox_url)
with self._lock:
self._sandboxes[discovered.sandbox_id] = sandbox
self._sandbox_infos[discovered.sandbox_id] = discovered
self._last_activity[discovered.sandbox_id] = time.time()
self._thread_sandboxes[thread_id] = discovered.sandbox_id
logger.info(f"Discovered existing sandbox {discovered.sandbox_id} for thread {thread_id} at {discovered.sandbox_url}")
return discovered.sandbox_id
return self._create_sandbox(thread_id, sandbox_id)
finally:
fcntl.flock(lock_file, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
def _evict_oldest_warm(self) -> str | None:
"""Destroy the oldest container in the warm pool to free capacity.
Returns:
The evicted sandbox_id, or None if warm pool is empty.
"""
with self._lock:
if not self._warm_pool:
return None
oldest_id = min(self._warm_pool, key=lambda sid: self._warm_pool[sid][1])
info, _ = self._warm_pool.pop(oldest_id)
try:
self._backend.destroy(info)
logger.info(f"Destroyed warm-pool sandbox {oldest_id}")
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Failed to destroy warm-pool sandbox {oldest_id}: {e}")
return None
return oldest_id
def _create_sandbox(self, thread_id: str | None, sandbox_id: str) -> str:
"""Create a new sandbox via the backend.
Args:
thread_id: Optional thread ID.
sandbox_id: The sandbox ID to use.
Returns:
The sandbox_id.
Raises:
RuntimeError: If sandbox creation or readiness check fails.
"""
extra_mounts = self._get_extra_mounts(thread_id)
# Enforce replicas: only warm-pool containers count toward eviction budget.
# Active sandboxes are in use by live threads and must not be forcibly stopped.
replicas = self._config.get("replicas", DEFAULT_REPLICAS)
with self._lock:
total = len(self._sandboxes) + len(self._warm_pool)
if total >= replicas:
evicted = self._evict_oldest_warm()
if evicted:
logger.info(f"Evicted warm-pool sandbox {evicted} to stay within replicas={replicas}")
else:
# All slots are occupied by active sandboxes — proceed anyway and log.
# The replicas limit is a soft cap; we never forcibly stop a container
# that is actively serving a thread.
logger.warning(f"All {replicas} replica slots are in active use; creating sandbox {sandbox_id} beyond the soft limit")
info = self._backend.create(thread_id, sandbox_id, extra_mounts=extra_mounts or None)
# Wait for sandbox to be ready
if not wait_for_sandbox_ready(info.sandbox_url, timeout=60):
self._backend.destroy(info)
raise RuntimeError(f"Sandbox {sandbox_id} failed to become ready within timeout at {info.sandbox_url}")
sandbox = AioSandbox(id=sandbox_id, base_url=info.sandbox_url)
with self._lock:
self._sandboxes[sandbox_id] = sandbox
self._sandbox_infos[sandbox_id] = info
self._last_activity[sandbox_id] = time.time()
if thread_id:
self._thread_sandboxes[thread_id] = sandbox_id
logger.info(f"Created sandbox {sandbox_id} for thread {thread_id} at {info.sandbox_url}")
return sandbox_id
def get(self, sandbox_id: str) -> Sandbox | None:
"""Get a sandbox by ID. Updates last activity timestamp.
Args:
sandbox_id: The ID of the sandbox.
Returns:
The sandbox instance if found, None otherwise.
"""
with self._lock:
sandbox = self._sandboxes.get(sandbox_id)
if sandbox is not None:
self._last_activity[sandbox_id] = time.time()
return sandbox
def release(self, sandbox_id: str) -> None:
"""Release a sandbox from active use into the warm pool.
The container is kept running so it can be reclaimed quickly by the same
thread on its next turn without a cold-start. The container will only be
stopped when the replicas limit forces eviction or during shutdown.
Args:
sandbox_id: The ID of the sandbox to release.
"""
info = None
thread_ids_to_remove: list[str] = []
with self._lock:
self._sandboxes.pop(sandbox_id, None)
info = self._sandbox_infos.pop(sandbox_id, None)
thread_ids_to_remove = [tid for tid, sid in self._thread_sandboxes.items() if sid == sandbox_id]
for tid in thread_ids_to_remove:
del self._thread_sandboxes[tid]
self._last_activity.pop(sandbox_id, None)
# Park in warm pool — container keeps running
if info and sandbox_id not in self._warm_pool:
self._warm_pool[sandbox_id] = (info, time.time())
logger.info(f"Released sandbox {sandbox_id} to warm pool (container still running)")
def destroy(self, sandbox_id: str) -> None:
"""Destroy a sandbox: stop the container and free all resources.
Unlike release(), this actually stops the container. Use this for
explicit cleanup, capacity-driven eviction, or shutdown.
Args:
sandbox_id: The ID of the sandbox to destroy.
"""
info = None
thread_ids_to_remove: list[str] = []
with self._lock:
self._sandboxes.pop(sandbox_id, None)
info = self._sandbox_infos.pop(sandbox_id, None)
thread_ids_to_remove = [tid for tid, sid in self._thread_sandboxes.items() if sid == sandbox_id]
for tid in thread_ids_to_remove:
del self._thread_sandboxes[tid]
self._last_activity.pop(sandbox_id, None)
# Also pull from warm pool if it was parked there
if info is None and sandbox_id in self._warm_pool:
info, _ = self._warm_pool.pop(sandbox_id)
else:
self._warm_pool.pop(sandbox_id, None)
if info:
self._backend.destroy(info)
logger.info(f"Destroyed sandbox {sandbox_id}")
def shutdown(self) -> None:
"""Shutdown all sandboxes. Thread-safe and idempotent."""
with self._lock:
if self._shutdown_called:
return
self._shutdown_called = True
sandbox_ids = list(self._sandboxes.keys())
warm_items = list(self._warm_pool.items())
self._warm_pool.clear()
# Stop idle checker
self._idle_checker_stop.set()
if self._idle_checker_thread is not None and self._idle_checker_thread.is_alive():
self._idle_checker_thread.join(timeout=5)
logger.info("Stopped idle checker thread")
logger.info(f"Shutting down {len(sandbox_ids)} active + {len(warm_items)} warm-pool sandbox(es)")
for sandbox_id in sandbox_ids:
try:
self.destroy(sandbox_id)
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Failed to destroy sandbox {sandbox_id} during shutdown: {e}")
for sandbox_id, (info, _) in warm_items:
try:
self._backend.destroy(info)
logger.info(f"Destroyed warm-pool sandbox {sandbox_id} during shutdown")
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Failed to destroy warm-pool sandbox {sandbox_id} during shutdown: {e}")
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
"""Abstract base class for sandbox provisioning backends."""
from __future__ import annotations
import logging
import time
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
import requests
from .sandbox_info import SandboxInfo
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def wait_for_sandbox_ready(sandbox_url: str, timeout: int = 30) -> bool:
"""Poll sandbox health endpoint until ready or timeout.
Args:
sandbox_url: URL of the sandbox (e.g. http://k3s:30001).
timeout: Maximum time to wait in seconds.
Returns:
True if sandbox is ready, False otherwise.
"""
start_time = time.time()
while time.time() - start_time < timeout:
try:
response = requests.get(f"{sandbox_url}/v1/sandbox", timeout=5)
if response.status_code == 200:
return True
except requests.exceptions.RequestException:
pass
time.sleep(1)
return False
class SandboxBackend(ABC):
"""Abstract base for sandbox provisioning backends.
Two implementations:
- LocalContainerBackend: starts Docker/Apple Container locally, manages ports
- RemoteSandboxBackend: connects to a pre-existing URL (K8s service, external)
"""
@abstractmethod
def create(self, thread_id: str, sandbox_id: str, extra_mounts: list[tuple[str, str, bool]] | None = None) -> SandboxInfo:
"""Create/provision a new sandbox.
Args:
thread_id: Thread ID for which the sandbox is being created. Useful for backends that want to organize sandboxes by thread.
sandbox_id: Deterministic sandbox identifier.
extra_mounts: Additional volume mounts as (host_path, container_path, read_only) tuples.
Ignored by backends that don't manage containers (e.g., remote).
Returns:
SandboxInfo with connection details.
"""
...
@abstractmethod
def destroy(self, info: SandboxInfo) -> None:
"""Destroy/cleanup a sandbox and release its resources.
Args:
info: The sandbox metadata to destroy.
"""
...
@abstractmethod
def is_alive(self, info: SandboxInfo) -> bool:
"""Quick check whether a sandbox is still alive.
This should be a lightweight check (e.g., container inspect)
rather than a full health check.
Args:
info: The sandbox metadata to check.
Returns:
True if the sandbox appears to be alive.
"""
...
@abstractmethod
def discover(self, sandbox_id: str) -> SandboxInfo | None:
"""Try to discover an existing sandbox by its deterministic ID.
Used for cross-process recovery: when another process started a sandbox,
this process can discover it by the deterministic container name or URL.
Args:
sandbox_id: The deterministic sandbox ID to look for.
Returns:
SandboxInfo if found and healthy, None otherwise.
"""
...
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
"""Local container backend for sandbox provisioning.
Manages sandbox containers using Docker or Apple Container on the local machine.
Handles container lifecycle, port allocation, and cross-process container discovery.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import logging
import os
import subprocess
from deerflow.utils.network import get_free_port, release_port
from .backend import SandboxBackend, wait_for_sandbox_ready
from .sandbox_info import SandboxInfo
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class LocalContainerBackend(SandboxBackend):
"""Backend that manages sandbox containers locally using Docker or Apple Container.
On macOS, automatically prefers Apple Container if available, otherwise falls back to Docker.
On other platforms, uses Docker.
Features:
- Deterministic container naming for cross-process discovery
- Port allocation with thread-safe utilities
- Container lifecycle management (start/stop with --rm)
- Support for volume mounts and environment variables
"""
def __init__(
self,
*,
image: str,
base_port: int,
container_prefix: str,
config_mounts: list,
environment: dict[str, str],
):
"""Initialize the local container backend.
Args:
image: Container image to use.
base_port: Base port number to start searching for free ports.
container_prefix: Prefix for container names (e.g., "deer-flow-sandbox").
config_mounts: Volume mount configurations from config (list of VolumeMountConfig).
environment: Environment variables to inject into containers.
"""
self._image = image
self._base_port = base_port
self._container_prefix = container_prefix
self._config_mounts = config_mounts
self._environment = environment
self._runtime = self._detect_runtime()
@property
def runtime(self) -> str:
"""The detected container runtime ("docker" or "container")."""
return self._runtime
def _detect_runtime(self) -> str:
"""Detect which container runtime to use.
On macOS, prefer Apple Container if available, otherwise fall back to Docker.
On other platforms, use Docker.
Returns:
"container" for Apple Container, "docker" for Docker.
"""
import platform
if platform.system() == "Darwin":
try:
result = subprocess.run(
["container", "--version"],
capture_output=True,
text=True,
check=True,
timeout=5,
)
logger.info(f"Detected Apple Container: {result.stdout.strip()}")
return "container"
except (FileNotFoundError, subprocess.CalledProcessError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
logger.info("Apple Container not available, falling back to Docker")
return "docker"
# ── SandboxBackend interface ──────────────────────────────────────────
def create(self, thread_id: str, sandbox_id: str, extra_mounts: list[tuple[str, str, bool]] | None = None) -> SandboxInfo:
"""Start a new container and return its connection info.
Args:
thread_id: Thread ID for which the sandbox is being created. Useful for backends that want to organize sandboxes by thread.
sandbox_id: Deterministic sandbox identifier (used in container name).
extra_mounts: Additional volume mounts as (host_path, container_path, read_only) tuples.
Returns:
SandboxInfo with container details.
Raises:
RuntimeError: If the container fails to start.
"""
container_name = f"{self._container_prefix}-{sandbox_id}"
# Retry loop: if Docker rejects the port (e.g. a stale container still
# holds the binding after a process restart), skip that port and try the
# next one. The socket-bind check in get_free_port mirrors Docker's
# 0.0.0.0 bind, but Docker's port-release can be slightly asynchronous,
# so a reactive fallback here ensures we always make progress.
_next_start = self._base_port
container_id: str | None = None
port: int = 0
for _attempt in range(10):
port = get_free_port(start_port=_next_start)
try:
container_id = self._start_container(container_name, port, extra_mounts)
break
except RuntimeError as exc:
release_port(port)
err = str(exc)
err_lower = err.lower()
# Port already bound: skip this port and retry with the next one.
if "port is already allocated" in err or "address already in use" in err_lower:
logger.warning(f"Port {port} rejected by Docker (already allocated), retrying with next port")
_next_start = port + 1
continue
# Container-name conflict: another process may have already started
# the deterministic sandbox container for this sandbox_id. Try to
# discover and adopt the existing container instead of failing.
if "is already in use by container" in err_lower or "conflict. the container name" in err_lower:
logger.warning(f"Container name {container_name} already in use, attempting to discover existing sandbox instance")
existing = self.discover(sandbox_id)
if existing is not None:
return existing
raise
else:
raise RuntimeError("Could not start sandbox container: all candidate ports are already allocated by Docker")
# When running inside Docker (DooD), sandbox containers are reachable via
# host.docker.internal rather than localhost (they run on the host daemon).
sandbox_host = os.environ.get("DEER_FLOW_SANDBOX_HOST", "localhost")
return SandboxInfo(
sandbox_id=sandbox_id,
sandbox_url=f"http://{sandbox_host}:{port}",
container_name=container_name,
container_id=container_id,
)
def destroy(self, info: SandboxInfo) -> None:
"""Stop the container and release its port."""
if info.container_id:
self._stop_container(info.container_id)
# Extract port from sandbox_url for release
try:
from urllib.parse import urlparse
port = urlparse(info.sandbox_url).port
if port:
release_port(port)
except Exception:
pass
def is_alive(self, info: SandboxInfo) -> bool:
"""Check if the container is still running (lightweight, no HTTP)."""
if info.container_name:
return self._is_container_running(info.container_name)
return False
def discover(self, sandbox_id: str) -> SandboxInfo | None:
"""Discover an existing container by its deterministic name.
Checks if a container with the expected name is running, retrieves its
port, and verifies it responds to health checks.
Args:
sandbox_id: The deterministic sandbox ID (determines container name).
Returns:
SandboxInfo if container found and healthy, None otherwise.
"""
container_name = f"{self._container_prefix}-{sandbox_id}"
if not self._is_container_running(container_name):
return None
port = self._get_container_port(container_name)
if port is None:
return None
sandbox_host = os.environ.get("DEER_FLOW_SANDBOX_HOST", "localhost")
sandbox_url = f"http://{sandbox_host}:{port}"
if not wait_for_sandbox_ready(sandbox_url, timeout=5):
return None
return SandboxInfo(
sandbox_id=sandbox_id,
sandbox_url=sandbox_url,
container_name=container_name,
)
# ── Container operations ─────────────────────────────────────────────
def _start_container(
self,
container_name: str,
port: int,
extra_mounts: list[tuple[str, str, bool]] | None = None,
) -> str:
"""Start a new container.
Args:
container_name: Name for the container.
port: Host port to map to container port 8080.
extra_mounts: Additional volume mounts.
Returns:
The container ID.
Raises:
RuntimeError: If container fails to start.
"""
cmd = [self._runtime, "run"]
# Docker-specific security options
if self._runtime == "docker":
cmd.extend(["--security-opt", "seccomp=unconfined"])
cmd.extend(
[
"--rm",
"-d",
"-p",
f"{port}:8080",
"--name",
container_name,
]
)
# Environment variables
for key, value in self._environment.items():
cmd.extend(["-e", f"{key}={value}"])
# Config-level volume mounts
for mount in self._config_mounts:
mount_spec = f"{mount.host_path}:{mount.container_path}"
if mount.read_only:
mount_spec += ":ro"
cmd.extend(["-v", mount_spec])
# Extra mounts (thread-specific, skills, etc.)
if extra_mounts:
for host_path, container_path, read_only in extra_mounts:
mount_spec = f"{host_path}:{container_path}"
if read_only:
mount_spec += ":ro"
cmd.extend(["-v", mount_spec])
cmd.append(self._image)
logger.info(f"Starting container using {self._runtime}: {' '.join(cmd)}")
try:
result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)
container_id = result.stdout.strip()
logger.info(f"Started container {container_name} (ID: {container_id}) using {self._runtime}")
return container_id
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
logger.error(f"Failed to start container using {self._runtime}: {e.stderr}")
raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to start sandbox container: {e.stderr}")
def _stop_container(self, container_id: str) -> None:
"""Stop a container (--rm ensures automatic removal)."""
try:
subprocess.run(
[self._runtime, "stop", container_id],
capture_output=True,
text=True,
check=True,
)
logger.info(f"Stopped container {container_id} using {self._runtime}")
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
logger.warning(f"Failed to stop container {container_id}: {e.stderr}")
def _is_container_running(self, container_name: str) -> bool:
"""Check if a named container is currently running.
This enables cross-process container discovery — any process can detect
containers started by another process via the deterministic container name.
"""
try:
result = subprocess.run(
[self._runtime, "inspect", "-f", "{{.State.Running}}", container_name],
capture_output=True,
text=True,
timeout=5,
)
return result.returncode == 0 and result.stdout.strip().lower() == "true"
except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
return False
def _get_container_port(self, container_name: str) -> int | None:
"""Get the host port of a running container.
Args:
container_name: The container name to inspect.
Returns:
The host port mapped to container port 8080, or None if not found.
"""
try:
result = subprocess.run(
[self._runtime, "port", container_name, "8080"],
capture_output=True,
text=True,
timeout=5,
)
if result.returncode == 0 and result.stdout.strip():
# Output format: "0.0.0.0:PORT" or ":::PORT"
port_str = result.stdout.strip().split(":")[-1]
return int(port_str)
except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired, ValueError):
pass
return None
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
"""Remote sandbox backend — delegates Pod lifecycle to the provisioner service.
The provisioner dynamically creates per-sandbox-id Pods + NodePort Services
in k3s. The backend accesses sandbox pods directly via ``k3s:{NodePort}``.
Architecture:
┌────────────┐ HTTP ┌─────────────┐ K8s API ┌──────────┐
│ this file │ ──────▸ │ provisioner │ ────────▸ │ k3s │
│ (backend) │ │ :8002 │ │ :6443 │
└────────────┘ └─────────────┘ └─────┬────┘
│ creates
┌─────────────┐ ┌─────▼──────┐
│ backend │ ────────▸ │ sandbox │
│ │ direct │ Pod(s) │
└─────────────┘ k3s:NPort └────────────┘
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import logging
import requests
from .backend import SandboxBackend
from .sandbox_info import SandboxInfo
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class RemoteSandboxBackend(SandboxBackend):
"""Backend that delegates sandbox lifecycle to the provisioner service.
All Pod creation, destruction, and discovery are handled by the
provisioner. This backend is a thin HTTP client.
Typical config.yaml::
sandbox:
use: deerflow.community.aio_sandbox:AioSandboxProvider
provisioner_url: http://provisioner:8002
"""
def __init__(self, provisioner_url: str):
"""Initialize with the provisioner service URL.
Args:
provisioner_url: URL of the provisioner service
(e.g., ``http://provisioner:8002``).
"""
self._provisioner_url = provisioner_url.rstrip("/")
@property
def provisioner_url(self) -> str:
return self._provisioner_url
# ── SandboxBackend interface ──────────────────────────────────────────
def create(
self,
thread_id: str,
sandbox_id: str,
extra_mounts: list[tuple[str, str, bool]] | None = None,
) -> SandboxInfo:
"""Create a sandbox Pod + Service via the provisioner.
Calls ``POST /api/sandboxes`` which creates a dedicated Pod +
NodePort Service in k3s.
"""
return self._provisioner_create(thread_id, sandbox_id, extra_mounts)
def destroy(self, info: SandboxInfo) -> None:
"""Destroy a sandbox Pod + Service via the provisioner."""
self._provisioner_destroy(info.sandbox_id)
def is_alive(self, info: SandboxInfo) -> bool:
"""Check whether the sandbox Pod is running."""
return self._provisioner_is_alive(info.sandbox_id)
def discover(self, sandbox_id: str) -> SandboxInfo | None:
"""Discover an existing sandbox via the provisioner.
Calls ``GET /api/sandboxes/{sandbox_id}`` and returns info if
the Pod exists.
"""
return self._provisioner_discover(sandbox_id)
# ── Provisioner API calls ─────────────────────────────────────────────
def _provisioner_create(self, thread_id: str, sandbox_id: str, extra_mounts: list[tuple[str, str, bool]] | None = None) -> SandboxInfo:
"""POST /api/sandboxes → create Pod + Service."""
try:
resp = requests.post(
f"{self._provisioner_url}/api/sandboxes",
json={
"sandbox_id": sandbox_id,
"thread_id": thread_id,
},
timeout=30,
)
resp.raise_for_status()
data = resp.json()
logger.info(f"Provisioner created sandbox {sandbox_id}: sandbox_url={data['sandbox_url']}")
return SandboxInfo(
sandbox_id=sandbox_id,
sandbox_url=data["sandbox_url"],
)
except requests.RequestException as exc:
logger.error(f"Provisioner create failed for {sandbox_id}: {exc}")
raise RuntimeError(f"Provisioner create failed: {exc}") from exc
def _provisioner_destroy(self, sandbox_id: str) -> None:
"""DELETE /api/sandboxes/{sandbox_id} → destroy Pod + Service."""
try:
resp = requests.delete(
f"{self._provisioner_url}/api/sandboxes/{sandbox_id}",
timeout=15,
)
if resp.ok:
logger.info(f"Provisioner destroyed sandbox {sandbox_id}")
else:
logger.warning(f"Provisioner destroy returned {resp.status_code}: {resp.text}")
except requests.RequestException as exc:
logger.warning(f"Provisioner destroy failed for {sandbox_id}: {exc}")
def _provisioner_is_alive(self, sandbox_id: str) -> bool:
"""GET /api/sandboxes/{sandbox_id} → check Pod phase."""
try:
resp = requests.get(
f"{self._provisioner_url}/api/sandboxes/{sandbox_id}",
timeout=10,
)
if resp.ok:
data = resp.json()
return data.get("status") == "Running"
return False
except requests.RequestException:
return False
def _provisioner_discover(self, sandbox_id: str) -> SandboxInfo | None:
"""GET /api/sandboxes/{sandbox_id} → discover existing sandbox."""
try:
resp = requests.get(
f"{self._provisioner_url}/api/sandboxes/{sandbox_id}",
timeout=10,
)
if resp.status_code == 404:
return None
resp.raise_for_status()
data = resp.json()
return SandboxInfo(
sandbox_id=sandbox_id,
sandbox_url=data["sandbox_url"],
)
except requests.RequestException as exc:
logger.debug(f"Provisioner discover failed for {sandbox_id}: {exc}")
return None
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
"""Sandbox metadata for cross-process discovery and state persistence."""
from __future__ import annotations
import time
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
@dataclass
class SandboxInfo:
"""Persisted sandbox metadata that enables cross-process discovery.
This dataclass holds all the information needed to reconnect to an
existing sandbox from a different process (e.g., gateway vs langgraph,
multiple workers, or across K8s pods with shared storage).
"""
sandbox_id: str
sandbox_url: str # e.g. http://localhost:8080 or http://k3s:30001
container_name: str | None = None # Only for local container backend
container_id: str | None = None # Only for local container backend
created_at: float = field(default_factory=time.time)
def to_dict(self) -> dict:
return {
"sandbox_id": self.sandbox_id,
"sandbox_url": self.sandbox_url,
"container_name": self.container_name,
"container_id": self.container_id,
"created_at": self.created_at,
}
@classmethod
def from_dict(cls, data: dict) -> SandboxInfo:
return cls(
sandbox_id=data["sandbox_id"],
sandbox_url=data.get("sandbox_url", data.get("base_url", "")),
container_name=data.get("container_name"),
container_id=data.get("container_id"),
created_at=data.get("created_at", time.time()),
)