# Middleware 执行流程
## Middleware 列表
`create_deerflow_agent` 通过 `RuntimeFeatures` 组装的完整 middleware 链(默认全开时):
| # | Middleware | `before_agent` | `before_model` | `after_model` | `after_agent` | `wrap_model_call` | `wrap_tool_call` | 主 Agent | Subagent | 来源 |
|---|-----------|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|------|
| 0 | ThreadDataMiddleware | ✓ | | | | | | ✓ | ✓ | `sandbox` |
| 1 | UploadsMiddleware | ✓ | | | | | | ✓ | ✗ | `sandbox` |
| 2 | SandboxMiddleware | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | ✓ | `sandbox` |
| 3 | DanglingToolCallMiddleware | | | | | ✓ | | ✓ | ✗ | 始终开启 |
| 4 | GuardrailMiddleware | | | | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | *Phase 2 纳入* |
| 5 | ToolErrorHandlingMiddleware | | | | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 始终开启 |
| 6 | SummarizationMiddleware | | ✓ | | | | | ✓ | ✗ | `summarization` |
| 7 | TodoMiddleware | | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | | ✓ | ✗ | `plan_mode` 参数 |
| 8 | TitleMiddleware | | | ✓ | | | | ✓ | ✗ | `auto_title` |
| 9 | MemoryMiddleware | | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | ✗ | `memory` |
| 10 | ViewImageMiddleware | | ✓ | | | | | ✓ | ✗ | `vision` |
| 11 | SubagentLimitMiddleware | | | ✓ | | | | ✓ | ✗ | `subagent` |
| 12 | LoopDetectionMiddleware | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✗ | 始终开启 |
| 13 | ClarificationMiddleware | | | | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | 始终最后 |
主 agent **14 个** middleware(`make_lead_agent`),subagent **4 个**(ThreadData、Sandbox、Guardrail、ToolErrorHandling)。`create_deerflow_agent` Phase 1 实现 **13 个**(Guardrail 仅支持自定义实例,无内置默认)。
## 执行流程
LangChain `create_agent` 的规则:
- **`before_*` 正序执行**(列表位置 0 → N)
- **`after_*` 反序执行**(列表位置 N → 0)
```mermaid
graph TB
START(["invoke"]) --> TD
subgraph BA ["before_agent 正序 0→N"]
direction TB
TD["[0] ThreadData
创建线程目录"] --> UL["[1] Uploads
扫描上传文件"] --> SB["[2] Sandbox
获取沙箱"] --> LD_BA["[12] LoopDetection
清理 stale warning"]
end
subgraph BM ["before_model 正序 0→N"]
direction TB
VI["[10] ViewImage
注入图片 base64"]
end
subgraph WM ["wrap_model_call"]
direction TB
DTC_WM["[3] DanglingToolCall
补悬空 ToolMessage"] --> LD_WM["[12] LoopDetection
注入当前 run warning"]
end
LD_BA --> VI
VI --> DTC_WM
LD_WM --> M["MODEL"]
subgraph AM ["after_model 反序 N→0"]
direction TB
LD["[12] LoopDetection
检测循环/排队 warning"] --> SL["[11] SubagentLimit
截断多余 task"] --> TI["[8] Title
生成标题"]
end
M --> LD
subgraph AA ["after_agent 反序 N→0"]
direction TB
LD_CLEAN["[12] LoopDetection
清理 pending warning"] --> MEM["[9] Memory
入队记忆"] --> SBR["[2] Sandbox
释放沙箱"]
end
TI --> LD_CLEAN
SBR --> END(["response"])
classDef beforeNode fill:#a0a8b5,stroke:#636b7a,color:#2d3239
classDef modelNode fill:#b5a8a0,stroke:#7a6b63,color:#2d3239
classDef wrapModelNode fill:#a8a0b5,stroke:#6b637a,color:#2d3239
classDef afterModelNode fill:#b5a0a8,stroke:#7a636b,color:#2d3239
classDef afterAgentNode fill:#a0b5a8,stroke:#637a6b,color:#2d3239
classDef terminalNode fill:#a8b5a0,stroke:#6b7a63,color:#2d3239
class TD,UL,SB,LD_BA,VI beforeNode
class DTC_WM,LD_WM wrapModelNode
class M modelNode
class LD,SL,TI afterModelNode
class LD_CLEAN,SBR,MEM afterAgentNode
class START,END terminalNode
```
## 时序图
```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
participant U as User
participant TD as ThreadDataMiddleware
participant UL as UploadsMiddleware
participant SB as SandboxMiddleware
participant LD as LoopDetectionMiddleware
participant VI as ViewImageMiddleware
participant DTC as DanglingToolCallMiddleware
participant M as MODEL
participant SL as SubagentLimitMiddleware
participant TI as TitleMiddleware
participant MEM as MemoryMiddleware
U ->> TD: invoke
activate TD
Note right of TD: before_agent 创建目录
TD ->> UL: before_agent
activate UL
Note right of UL: before_agent 扫描上传文件
UL ->> SB: before_agent
activate SB
Note right of SB: before_agent 获取沙箱
SB ->> LD: before_agent
activate LD
Note right of LD: before_agent 清理同 thread 旧 run 的 pending warning
LD ->> VI: before_model
activate VI
Note right of VI: before_model 注入图片 base64
VI ->> DTC: wrap_model_call
activate DTC
Note right of DTC: wrap_model_call 补悬空 ToolMessage
DTC ->> LD: wrap_model_call
Note right of LD: wrap_model_call drain 当前 run warning 并追加到末尾
LD ->> M: messages + tools
activate M
M -->> LD: AI response
deactivate M
Note right of LD: after_model 检测循环;warning 入队,hard-stop 清 tool_calls
LD -->> SL: after_model
deactivate LD
activate SL
Note right of SL: after_model 截断多余 task
SL -->> TI: after_model
deactivate SL
activate TI
Note right of TI: after_model 生成标题
TI -->> DTC: done
deactivate TI
deactivate DTC
VI -->> SB: done
deactivate VI
Note right of LD: after_agent 清理当前 run 未消费 warning
Note right of MEM: after_agent 入队记忆
Note right of SB: after_agent 释放沙箱
SB -->> UL: done
deactivate SB
UL -->> TD: done
deactivate UL
TD -->> U: response
deactivate TD
```
## 洋葱模型
列表位置决定在洋葱中的层级 — 位置 0 最外层,位置 N 最内层:
```
进入 before_*: [0] → [1] → [2] → ... → [10] → MODEL
退出 after_*: MODEL → [13] → [11] → ... → [6] → [3] → [2] → [0]
↑ 最内层最先执行
```
> [!important] 核心规则
> 列表最后的 middleware,其 `after_model` **最先执行**。
> ClarificationMiddleware 在列表末尾,所以它第一个拦截 model 输出。
## 对比:真正的洋葱 vs DeerFlow 的实际情况
### 真正的洋葱(如 Koa/Express)
每个 middleware 同时负责 before 和 after,形成对称嵌套:
```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
participant U as User
participant A as AuthMiddleware
participant L as LogMiddleware
participant R as RateLimitMiddleware
participant H as Handler
U ->> A: request
activate A
Note right of A: before: 校验 token
A ->> L: next()
activate L
Note right of L: before: 记录请求时间
L ->> R: next()
activate R
Note right of R: before: 检查频率
R ->> H: next()
activate H
H -->> R: result
deactivate H
Note right of R: after: 更新计数器
R -->> L: result
deactivate R
Note right of L: after: 记录耗时
L -->> A: result
deactivate L
Note right of A: after: 清理上下文
A -->> U: response
deactivate A
```
> [!tip] 洋葱特征
> 每个 middleware 都有 before/after 对称操作,`activate` 跨越整个内层执行,形成完美嵌套。
### DeerFlow 的实际情况
不是洋葱,是管道。大部分 middleware 只用一个钩子,不存在对称嵌套。多轮对话时 before_model / after_model 循环执行:
```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
participant U as User
participant TD as ThreadData
participant UL as Uploads
participant SB as Sandbox
participant LD as LoopDetection
participant VI as ViewImage
participant DTC as DanglingToolCall
participant M as MODEL
participant SL as SubagentLimit
participant TI as Title
participant MEM as Memory
U ->> TD: invoke
Note right of TD: before_agent 创建目录
TD ->> UL: .
Note right of UL: before_agent 扫描文件
UL ->> SB: .
Note right of SB: before_agent 获取沙箱
SB ->> LD: .
Note right of LD: before_agent 清理 stale pending warning
loop 每轮对话(tool call 循环)
SB ->> VI: .
Note right of VI: before_model 注入图片
VI ->> DTC: .
Note right of DTC: wrap_model_call 补悬空工具结果
DTC ->> LD: .
Note right of LD: wrap_model_call 注入当前 run warning
LD ->> M: messages + tools
M -->> LD: AI response
Note right of LD: after_model 检测循环/排队 warning
LD -->> SL: .
Note right of SL: after_model 截断多余 task
SL -->> TI: .
Note right of TI: after_model 生成标题
end
Note right of LD: after_agent 清理当前 run pending warning
LD -->> MEM: .
Note right of MEM: after_agent 入队记忆
MEM -->> SB: .
Note right of SB: after_agent 释放沙箱
SB -->> U: response
```
> [!warning] 不是洋葱
> 大部分 middleware 只用一个阶段。SandboxMiddleware 使用 `before_agent`/`after_agent` 做资源获取/释放;LoopDetectionMiddleware 也使用这两个钩子,但用途是清理 run-scoped pending warnings,不是资源生命周期对称。`before_agent` / `after_agent` 只跑一次,`before_model` / `after_model` / `wrap_model_call` 每轮循环都跑。
硬依赖只有 2 处:
1. **ThreadData 在 Sandbox 之前** — sandbox 需要线程目录
2. **Clarification 在列表最后** — `wrap_tool_call` 处理 `ask_clarification` 时优先拦截,并通过 `Command(goto=END)` 中断执行
### 结论
| | 真正的洋葱 | DeerFlow 实际 |
|---|---|---|
| 每个 middleware | before + after 对称 | 大多只用一个钩子 |
| 激活条 | 嵌套(外长内短) | 不嵌套(串行) |
| 反序的意义 | 清理与初始化配对 | 影响 `after_model` / `after_agent` 的执行优先级 |
| 典型例子 | Auth: 校验 token / 清理上下文 | ThreadData: 只创建目录,没有清理 |
## 关键设计点
### ClarificationMiddleware 为什么在列表最后?
位置最后使它在工具调用包装链中优先拦截 `ask_clarification`。如果命中,它返回 `Command(goto=END)`,把格式化后的澄清问题写成 `ToolMessage` 并中断执行。
### SandboxMiddleware 的对称性
`before_agent`(正序第 3 个)获取沙箱,`after_agent`(反序第 1 个)释放沙箱。外层进入 → 外层退出,天然的洋葱对称。
### LoopDetectionMiddleware 为什么同时用多个钩子?
`after_model` 只做检测:重复工具调用达到 warning 阈值时,把 warning 放入 `(thread_id, run_id)` 作用域的 pending 队列。真正注入发生在下一次 `wrap_model_call`:此时上一轮 `AIMessage(tool_calls)` 对应的 `ToolMessage` 已经在请求里,warning 追加在末尾,不会破坏 OpenAI/Moonshot 的 tool-call pairing。`before_agent` 清理同一 thread 下旧 run 的残留 warning,`after_agent` 清理当前 run 没被消费的 warning。