deer-flow/skills/public/systematic-literature-review/templates/ieee.md

IEEE Citation Template

Use this template when the user targets an IEEE conference or journal, or explicitly asks for IEEE format. IEEE uses numeric citations — references are numbered in the order they first appear in the text, and in-text citations use bracketed numbers.

Citation Format Rules

In-text citations

• Single reference: [1] — use the number assigned in the References section.
• Multiple references: [1], [3], [5] or [1]–[3] for consecutive ranges.
• Citation as a noun: "As shown in [1], ..." or "Reference [1] demonstrated...".
• Author attribution: "Vaswani et al. [1] introduced..." — author names are optional in IEEE; use them when it improves readability, always followed by the bracketed number.

Numbers are assigned in order of first appearance in the text, not alphabetically. The first reference you cite is [1], the second new reference is [2], and so on.

Reference list entry for arXiv preprints

IEEE format for arXiv preprints:

[N] A. A. Author, B. B. Author, and C. C. Author, "Title of the paper," arXiv:ARXIV_ID, Year.

Real example:

[1] A. Vaswani, N. Shazeer, N. Parmar, J. Uszkoreit, L. Jones, A. N. Gomez, Ł. Kaiser, and I. Polosukhin, "Attention is all you need," arXiv:1706.03762, 2017.

Formatting rules:

• Author names: FirstInitial. LastName — initials before the last name, opposite of APA. Join with commas; last author gets and (no Oxford comma before it in strict IEEE, but accepted).
• Title: in double quotes, sentence case. No italics.
• Source: arXiv:<id> — the literal prefix arXiv: followed by the bare id (e.g. arXiv:1706.03762, not the full URL).
• Year: at the end, after a comma.
• URL: optional in IEEE. Include if the publication venue requires it; otherwise the arXiv:<id> identifier is sufficient and is the IEEE-preferred form.

Special cases

• More than 6 authors: IEEE allows listing the first author followed by et al.: A. Vaswani et al., "Attention is all you need," arXiv:1706.03762, 2017. Use this for papers with many authors to keep reference entries readable.
• If the paper has also been published at a venue: prefer the venue citation format over arXiv. In this workflow we only have arXiv metadata, so always use the arXiv form.

Report Structure

Follow this structure verbatim. Note that IEEE reports use numeric citations throughout, so you need to assign a number to each paper in order of first appearance in the Themes section, then use those numbers consistently in per-paper annotations and the reference list.

# Systematic Literature Review: <Topic>

**Date**: <YYYY-MM-DD>
**Papers surveyed**: <N>
**Scope**: <arXiv search query, category, time window>
**Citation format**: IEEE

## Executive Summary

<3-5 sentences summarizing the state of the literature. Cite papers with bracketed numbers as you first introduce them, e.g. "Transformer architectures [1] have become the dominant approach, with extensions focusing on efficiency [2], [3] and long-context handling [4].">

## Methodology

This review surveyed <N> arXiv papers retrieved on <YYYY-MM-DD> using the query `<query>`<, filtered to category <cat>><, published between <start_date> and <end_date>>. Papers were sorted by <relevance | submission date> and the top <N> were included. Metadata extraction was performed by language-model agents, with cross-paper synthesis performed by the lead agent.

**Limitations of this review**: arXiv preprints are not peer-reviewed; coverage is limited to arXiv.

## Themes

<3-6 thematic sections. First appearance of each paper gets a bracketed number; subsequent mentions reuse the same number. The number assignment order is: first paper mentioned in Theme 1 gets [1], next new paper gets [2], etc.>

### Theme 1: <Theme name>

<Paragraphs describing the theme. Cite with bracketed numbers: "The original transformer architecture [1] introduced self-attention, which was later extended in [2] and [3]. Comparative analyses [4] show that...">

### Theme 2: <Theme name>

<...>

## Convergences and Disagreements

**Convergences**: <e.g. "Multiple papers [1], [3], [5] agree that X is necessary.">

**Disagreements**: <e.g. "While [1] argues X, [2] finds the opposite under condition Y.">

## Gaps and Open Questions

<What the collective literature does not yet address, with citations to papers that explicitly mention these gaps.>

## Per-Paper Annotations

<One subsection per paper, ordered by their assigned reference number.>

### [1] Vaswani et al., "Attention is all you need" (2017)

**Research question**: <1 sentence>
**Methodology**: <1-2 sentences>
**Key findings**:
- <bullet>
- <bullet>
- <bullet>
**Limitations**: <1-2 sentences>

### [2] <Next paper>

<...>

## References

<Numbered list in order of first appearance in the text. The number must match the in-text citations above.>

[1] A. Vaswani, N. Shazeer, N. Parmar, J. Uszkoreit, L. Jones, A. N. Gomez, Ł. Kaiser, and I. Polosukhin, "Attention is all you need," arXiv:1706.03762, 2017.

[2] J. Devlin, M.-W. Chang, K. Lee, and K. Toutanova, "BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding," arXiv:1810.04805, 2018.

<... more entries ...>

Quality checks before finalizing

Before saving the report, verify:

• Every paper in the surveyed set has a unique reference number.
• Reference numbers are assigned in order of first appearance in the text, not alphabetically.
• Every bracketed number in the text has a matching entry in the References section.
• Every entry in References is cited at least once in the text.
• Author names use FirstInitial. LastName format (initials before last name).
• Titles are in double quotes and sentence case.
• arXiv identifiers use the arXiv:<bare_id> form, not the full URL.
• Per-paper annotations are ordered by reference number, matching the References section order.