fix(watchos): localize inbox runtime copy

apps/ios/WatchApp/Sources/WatchDirectNode.swift

@@ -59,7 +59,11 @@ final class WatchDirectNode {
         let detail: String
 
         var errorDescription: String? {
-            self.detail.isEmpty ? "Gateway HTTP error (\(self.status))" : self.detail
+            self.detail.isEmpty
+                ? String(
+                    format: String(localized: "Gateway HTTP error (%@)"),
+                    self.status.formatted())
+                : self.detail
         }
     }
 
@@ -85,7 +89,8 @@ final class WatchDirectNode {
 
     private(set) var isEnabled: Bool
     private(set) var isConnected = false
-    private(set) var statusText = "Use iPhone Settings to enable direct connection."
+    private(set) var statusText = String(
+        localized: "Use iPhone Settings to enable direct connection.")
     private(set) var endpointText: String?
 
     var isConfigured: Bool {
@@ -112,7 +117,9 @@ final class WatchDirectNode {
         }
         self.endpointText = self.configuration.map(Self.endpointText)
         if self.configuration != nil {
-            self.statusText = self.isEnabled ? "Ready to connect" : "Direct connection is off"
+            self.statusText = self.isEnabled
+                ? String(localized: "Ready to connect")
+                : String(localized: "Direct connection is off")
         }
     }
 
@@ -121,7 +128,8 @@ final class WatchDirectNode {
         let oldestAcceptedMs = nowMs - Self.maximumSetupAgeMs
         let newestAcceptedMs = nowMs + Self.maximumSetupClockSkewMs
         guard (oldestAcceptedMs...newestAcceptedMs).contains(sentAtMs) else {
-            self.statusText = "Ignored an expired direct connection setup. Send setup again from iPhone."
+            self.statusText = String(
+                localized: "Ignored an expired direct connection setup. Send setup again from iPhone.")
             return
         }
         let newestInstalledSetupMs = configuration?.setupSentAtMs ?? 0
@@ -133,7 +141,8 @@ final class WatchDirectNode {
               link.password == nil,
               let secureEndpoint = link.connectionEndpoints.first(where: \.tls)
         else {
-            self.statusText = "Direct mode requires a trusted HTTPS Gateway endpoint."
+            self.statusText = String(
+                localized: "Direct mode requires a trusted HTTPS Gateway endpoint.")
             return
         }
         let secureEndpoints = link.connectionEndpoints.filter(\.tls)
@@ -151,7 +160,7 @@ final class WatchDirectNode {
             gatewayID: Self.gatewayID(for: secureLink),
             setupSentAtMs: sentAtMs)
         guard Self.saveConfiguration(configuration) else {
-            self.statusText = "Could not save direct connection securely."
+            self.statusText = String(localized: "Could not save direct connection securely.")
             return
         }
         if let previousConfiguration,
@@ -168,7 +177,7 @@ final class WatchDirectNode {
         self.disconnectActiveSession()
         self.configuration = configuration
         self.endpointText = Self.endpointText(configuration)
-        self.statusText = "Setup received. Connecting…"
+        self.statusText = String(localized: "Setup received. Connecting…")
         self.setEnabled(true)
     }
 
@@ -184,8 +193,8 @@ final class WatchDirectNode {
             self.connectTask = nil
             self.isConnected = false
             self.statusText = self.isConfigured
-                ? "Direct connection is off"
-                : "Use iPhone Settings to enable direct connection."
+                ? String(localized: "Direct connection is off")
+                : String(localized: "Use iPhone Settings to enable direct connection.")
         }
     }
 
@@ -213,7 +222,7 @@ final class WatchDirectNode {
         self.connectTask = nil
         self.isConnected = false
         if self.isEnabled, self.isConfigured {
-            self.statusText = "Reconnects when OpenClaw is active"
+            self.statusText = String(localized: "Reconnects when OpenClaw is active")
         }
     }
 
@@ -266,8 +275,10 @@ final class WatchDirectNode {
             }
             guard self.isCurrentConnection(generation, configuration: configuration) else { return }
             self.statusText = lastError.map {
-                "Direct connection failed: \($0.localizedDescription)"
-            } ?? "No usable Gateway endpoint"
+                String(
+                    format: String(localized: "Direct connection failed: %@"),
+                    $0.localizedDescription)
+            } ?? String(localized: "No usable Gateway endpoint")
             do {
                 try await Task.sleep(for: .seconds(3))
             } catch {
@@ -283,7 +294,7 @@ final class WatchDirectNode {
         generation: Int) async throws
     {
         try self.requireCurrentConnection(generation, configuration: configuration)
-        self.statusText = "Connecting directly…"
+        self.statusText = String(localized: "Connecting directly…")
         guard let identity = DeviceIdentityStore.loadOrCreatePersisted(profile: .primary) else {
             throw HTTPError(status: 0, detail: "Could not save the watch device identity")
         }
@@ -344,7 +355,7 @@ final class WatchDirectNode {
         self.activeSession = session
         defer { releaseActiveSession(session) }
         self.isConnected = true
-        self.statusText = "Connected directly"
+        self.statusText = String(localized: "Connected directly")
         while self.isCurrentConnection(generation, configuration: configuration) {
             let pollData = try await request(
                 baseURL: baseURL,

apps/ios/WatchApp/Sources/WatchInboxStore.swift

@@ -254,22 +254,26 @@ import WatchKit
     }
 
     var gatewaySummaryText: String {
-        guard let appSnapshot else { return "Waiting for iPhone" }
-        return appSnapshot.gatewayConnected ? "Connected" : appSnapshot.gatewayStatusText
+        guard let appSnapshot else { return String(localized: "Waiting for iPhone") }
+        return appSnapshot.gatewayConnected
+            ? String(localized: "Connected")
+            : appSnapshot.gatewayStatusText
     }
 
     var talkSummaryText: String {
-        guard let appSnapshot else { return "Not synced" }
+        guard let appSnapshot else { return String(localized: "Not synced") }
         if appSnapshot.talkListening {
-            return "Listening"
+            return String(localized: "Listening")
         }
         if appSnapshot.talkSpeaking {
-            return "Speaking"
+            return String(localized: "Speaking")
         }
         if appSnapshot.talkEnabled {
-            return appSnapshot.talkStatusText.isEmpty ? "Ready" : appSnapshot.talkStatusText
+            return appSnapshot.talkStatusText.isEmpty
+                ? String(localized: "Ready")
+                : appSnapshot.talkStatusText
         }
-        return "Off"
+        return String(localized: "Off")
     }
 
     func beginExecApprovalReviewLoading() {
@@ -278,7 +282,7 @@ import WatchKit
             return
         }
         self.isExecApprovalReviewLoading = true
-        self.execApprovalReviewStatusText = "Loading approval from iPhone…"
+        self.execApprovalReviewStatusText = String(localized: "Loading approval from iPhone…")
         self.execApprovalReviewStatusAt = Date()
     }
 
@@ -398,7 +402,7 @@ import WatchKit
         Task {
             await self.postLocalNotification(
                 identifier: notificationIdentifier,
-                title: "Exec approval required",
+                title: String(localized: "Exec approval required"),
                 body: message.approval.commandPreview ?? message.approval.commandText,
                 risk: message.approval.risk?.rawValue,
                 stillCurrent: {
@@ -504,7 +508,7 @@ import WatchKit
             _ = self.recordExecApprovalTerminal(
                 approvalId: record.approvalID,
                 gatewayStableID: record.approval.gatewayStableID,
-                outcomeText: "Approval resolved elsewhere",
+                outcomeText: String(localized: "Approval resolved elsewhere"),
                 authoritativeOutcome: false)
             return false
         }
@@ -606,17 +610,19 @@ import WatchKit
     }
 
     func markAppSnapshotRequestStarted() {
-        self.appSnapshotStatusText = "Refreshing from iPhone…"
+        self.appSnapshotStatusText = String(localized: "Refreshing from iPhone…")
         self.persistState()
     }
 
     func markAppSnapshotRequestResult(_ result: WatchReplySendResult) {
         if let errorMessage = result.errorMessage, !errorMessage.isEmpty {
-            self.appSnapshotStatusText = "Refresh failed: \(errorMessage)"
+            self.appSnapshotStatusText = String(
+                format: String(localized: "Refresh failed: %@"),
+                errorMessage)
         } else if result.deliveredImmediately {
-            self.appSnapshotStatusText = "Refresh requested"
+            self.appSnapshotStatusText = String(localized: "Refresh requested")
         } else if result.queuedForDelivery {
-            self.appSnapshotStatusText = "Refresh queued"
+            self.appSnapshotStatusText = String(localized: "Refresh queued")
         } else {
             self.appSnapshotStatusText = nil
         }
@@ -639,25 +645,33 @@ import WatchKit
     }
 
     func markAppCommandSending(_ command: WatchAppCommand) {
-        self.appCommandStatusText = "Sending \(Self.commandLabel(command))…"
+        self.appCommandStatusText = String(
+            format: String(localized: "Sending %@…"),
+            Self.commandLabel(command))
         self.persistState()
     }
 
     func markAppCommandBlocked(_ command: WatchAppCommand, reason: String) {
-        self.appCommandStatusText = "\(Self.commandLabel(command)): \(reason)"
+        self.appCommandStatusText = String(
+            format: String(localized: "%@: %@"),
+            Self.commandLabel(command),
+            reason)
         self.persistState()
     }
 
     func markAppCommandResult(_ result: WatchReplySendResult, command: WatchAppCommand) {
         let label = Self.commandLabel(command)
         if let errorMessage = result.errorMessage, !errorMessage.isEmpty {
-            self.appCommandStatusText = "\(label) failed: \(errorMessage)"
+            self.appCommandStatusText = String(
+                format: String(localized: "%@ failed: %@"),
+                label,
+                errorMessage)
         } else if result.deliveredImmediately {
-            self.appCommandStatusText = "\(label): sent"
+            self.appCommandStatusText = String(format: String(localized: "%@: sent"), label)
         } else if result.queuedForDelivery {
-            self.appCommandStatusText = "\(label): queued"
+            self.appCommandStatusText = String(format: String(localized: "%@: queued"), label)
         } else {
-            self.appCommandStatusText = "\(label): sent"
+            self.appCommandStatusText = String(format: String(localized: "%@: sent"), label)
         }
         self.persistState()
     }
@@ -675,11 +689,11 @@ extension WatchInboxStore {
         } else {
             switch message.decision {
             case .allowOnce:
-                "Allowed once"
+                String(localized: "Allowed once")
             case .deny:
-                "Denied"
+                String(localized: "Denied")
             case nil:
-                "Approval resolved"
+                String(localized: "Approval resolved")
             }
         }
         let terminalOutcomeText = self.recordExecApprovalTerminal(
@@ -697,15 +711,15 @@ extension WatchInboxStore {
         guard self.routeGatewayPayload(.execApprovalExpired(message: message)) else { return }
         let statusText = switch message.reason {
         case .expired:
-            "Approval expired"
+            String(localized: "Approval expired")
         case .notFound:
-            "Approval no longer available"
+            String(localized: "Approval no longer available")
         case .resolved:
-            "Approval resolved elsewhere"
+            String(localized: "Approval resolved elsewhere")
         case .replaced:
-            "Approval replaced"
+            String(localized: "Approval replaced")
         case .unavailable:
-            "Approval unavailable"
+            String(localized: "Approval unavailable")
         }
         let terminalOutcomeText = self.recordExecApprovalTerminal(
             approvalId: message.approvalId,
@@ -773,7 +787,9 @@ extension WatchInboxStore {
         self.execApprovals[index].isResolving = true
         self.execApprovals[index].pendingDecision = decision
         self.execApprovals[index].activeResolutionAttemptID = attemptID
-        self.execApprovals[index].statusText = "Sending \(Self.decisionLabel(decision))…"
+        self.execApprovals[index].statusText = String(
+            format: String(localized: "Sending %@…"),
+            Self.decisionLabel(decision))
         self.execApprovals[index].statusAt = Date()
         self.persistState()
         return attemptID
@@ -802,16 +818,21 @@ extension WatchInboxStore {
         switch result.delivery {
         case .delivered:
             self.execApprovals[index].isResolving = true
-            self.execApprovals[index].statusText = "\(Self.decisionLabel(decision)): sent"
+            self.execApprovals[index].statusText = String(
+                format: String(localized: "%@: sent"),
+                Self.decisionLabel(decision))
         case .queued:
             self.execApprovals[index].isResolving = true
-            self.execApprovals[index].statusText = "\(Self.decisionLabel(decision)): queued"
+            self.execApprovals[index].statusText = String(
+                format: String(localized: "%@: queued"),
+                Self.decisionLabel(decision))
         case .notSent:
             // Only a definitive pre-dispatch failure unlocks locally. Uncertain sends stay
             // frozen until a canonical retry reset or terminal event arrives.
             self.execApprovals[index].isResolving = false
             self.execApprovals[index].activeResolutionAttemptID = nil
-            self.execApprovals[index].statusText = "Couldn't reach iPhone. Tap to retry."
+            self.execApprovals[index].statusText = String(
+                localized: "Couldn't reach iPhone. Tap to retry.")
         }
         self.execApprovals[index].pendingDecision = result.delivery == .notSent ? nil : decision
         self.execApprovals[index].statusAt = Date()
@@ -1478,7 +1499,9 @@ extension WatchInboxStore {
 
     func markReplySending(actionLabel: String) {
         self.isReplySending = true
-        self.replyStatusText = "Sending \(actionLabel)…"
+        self.replyStatusText = String(
+            format: String(localized: "Sending %@…"),
+            actionLabel)
         self.replyStatusAt = Date()
         self.persistState()
     }
@@ -1486,13 +1509,21 @@ extension WatchInboxStore {
     func markReplyResult(_ result: WatchReplySendResult, actionLabel: String) {
         self.isReplySending = false
         if let errorMessage = result.errorMessage, !errorMessage.isEmpty {
-            self.replyStatusText = "Failed: \(errorMessage)"
+            self.replyStatusText = String(
+                format: String(localized: "Failed: %@"),
+                errorMessage)
         } else if result.deliveredImmediately {
-            self.replyStatusText = "\(actionLabel): sent"
+            self.replyStatusText = String(
+                format: String(localized: "%@: sent"),
+                actionLabel)
         } else if result.queuedForDelivery {
-            self.replyStatusText = "\(actionLabel): queued"
+            self.replyStatusText = String(
+                format: String(localized: "%@: queued"),
+                actionLabel)
         } else {
-            self.replyStatusText = "\(actionLabel): sent"
+            self.replyStatusText = String(
+                format: String(localized: "%@: sent"),
+                actionLabel)
         }
         self.replyStatusAt = Date()
         self.persistState()
@@ -1529,24 +1560,24 @@ extension WatchInboxStore {
     private static func decisionLabel(_ decision: WatchExecApprovalDecision) -> String {
         switch decision {
         case .allowOnce:
-            "Allow Once"
+            String(localized: "Allow Once")
         case .deny:
-            "Deny"
+            String(localized: "Deny")
         }
     }
 
     private static func commandLabel(_ command: WatchAppCommand) -> String {
         switch command {
         case .refresh:
-            "Refresh"
+            String(localized: "Refresh")
         case .openChat:
-            "Open Chat"
+            String(localized: "Open Chat")
         case .sendChat:
-            "Chat"
+            String(localized: "Chat")
         case .startTalk:
-            "Start Talk"
+            String(localized: "Start Talk")
         case .stopTalk:
-            "Stop Talk"
+            String(localized: "Stop Talk")
         }
     }
 

apps/ios/WatchApp/Sources/WatchInboxView.swift

@@ -1,6 +1,29 @@
+import Foundation
 import SwiftUI
 import WatchKit
 
+private enum WatchTextValue: ExpressibleByStringLiteral {
+    case localized(LocalizedStringKey)
+    case verbatim(String)
+
+    init(stringLiteral value: String) {
+        self = .localized(LocalizedStringKey(value))
+    }
+
+    static func localized(_ value: String) -> Self {
+        .localized(LocalizedStringKey(value))
+    }
+
+    var text: Text {
+        switch self {
+        case let .localized(key):
+            Text(key)
+        case let .verbatim(value):
+            Text(verbatim: value)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 struct WatchInboxView: View {
     var store: WatchInboxStore
     var directNode: WatchDirectNode
@@ -78,8 +101,8 @@ private struct WatchControlSurfaceView: View {
             self.pageRail
             WatchFaceHeader(
                 section: "Now",
-                title: self.greetingText,
-                subtitle: self.connectionLine,
+                title: .verbatim(self.greetingText),
+                subtitle: .verbatim(self.connectionLine),
                 avatarImageSource: self.avatarImageSource,
                 avatarText: self.avatarText)
 
@@ -87,10 +110,10 @@ private struct WatchControlSurfaceView: View {
                 self.primaryDestination
             } label: {
                 WatchHeroCard(
-                    label: self.primaryLabel,
-                    title: self.primaryTitle,
-                    subtitle: self.primarySubtitle,
-                    accessory: self.store.talkSummaryText)
+                    label: .verbatim(self.primaryLabel),
+                    title: .verbatim(self.primaryTitle),
+                    subtitle: .verbatim(self.primarySubtitle),
+                    accessory: .localized(self.store.talkSummaryText))
             }
             .buttonStyle(.plain)
 
@@ -116,7 +139,7 @@ private struct WatchControlSurfaceView: View {
             WatchFaceHeader(
                 section: "Inbox",
                 title: "What needs you",
-                subtitle: self.inboxSubtitle,
+                subtitle: .verbatim(self.inboxSubtitle),
                 avatarImageSource: self.avatarImageSource,
                 avatarText: self.avatarText)
 
@@ -133,7 +156,10 @@ private struct WatchControlSurfaceView: View {
                 WatchHeroCard(
                     label: "Clear",
                     title: "Caught up",
-                    subtitle: self.store.hasAppSnapshot ? "No chats or approvals need you" : "Waiting for iPhone sync",
+                    subtitle: .localized(
+                        self.store.hasAppSnapshot
+                            ? "No chats or approvals need you"
+                            : "Waiting for iPhone sync"),
                     accessory: "Ready")
             }
 
@@ -153,9 +179,9 @@ private struct WatchControlSurfaceView: View {
             } label: {
                 WatchStackCard(
                     label: "Chat",
-                    title: self.chatPreviewTitle,
-                    subtitle: self.chatPreviewSubtitle,
-                    badge: "\(self.chatCount)",
+                    title: .verbatim(self.chatPreviewTitle),
+                    subtitle: .verbatim(self.chatPreviewSubtitle),
+                    badge: self.chatCount.formatted(),
                     isProminent: self.approvalCount == 0)
             }
             .buttonStyle(.plain)
@@ -169,9 +195,9 @@ private struct WatchControlSurfaceView: View {
             } label: {
                 WatchStackCard(
                     label: "Approvals",
-                    title: self.approvalHeadline,
-                    subtitle: self.approvalSubtitle,
-                    badge: "\(self.approvalCount)",
+                    title: .verbatim(self.approvalHeadline),
+                    subtitle: .verbatim(self.approvalSubtitle),
+                    badge: self.approvalCount.formatted(),
                     isProminent: true)
             }
             .buttonStyle(.plain)
@@ -181,13 +207,13 @@ private struct WatchControlSurfaceView: View {
     @ViewBuilder private var inboxPromptBlock: some View {
         if self.store.hasMessagePrompt {
             WatchHeroCard(
-                label: self.store.kind ?? "Latest",
-                title: self.store.title,
-                subtitle: self.store.body,
-                accessory: self.updatedText)
+                label: .verbatim(self.store.kind ?? String(localized: "Latest")),
+                title: .verbatim(self.store.title),
+                subtitle: .verbatim(self.store.body),
+                accessory: .verbatim(self.updatedText))
 
             if let details = promptDetails {
-                WatchDetailText(text: details)
+                WatchDetailText(text: .verbatim(details))
             }
 
             ForEach(self.store.actions) { action in
@@ -217,15 +243,17 @@ private struct WatchControlSurfaceView: View {
 
     private var inboxSubtitle: String {
         if self.approvalCount > 0 {
-            return "Approval waiting"
+            return String(localized: "Approval waiting")
         }
         if self.chatCount > 0 {
             return self.chatStatusText
         }
         if self.store.hasMessagePrompt {
-            return self.store.kind ?? "Latest update"
+            return self.store.kind ?? String(localized: "Latest update")
         }
-        return self.store.hasAppSnapshot ? "Nothing waiting" : "Waiting for iPhone"
+        return self.store.hasAppSnapshot
+            ? String(localized: "Nothing waiting")
+            : String(localized: "Waiting for iPhone")
     }
 
     private var approvalsFace: some View {
@@ -233,17 +261,17 @@ private struct WatchControlSurfaceView: View {
             self.pageRail
             WatchFaceHeader(
                 section: "Approvals",
-                title: self.approvalHeadline,
-                subtitle: self.approvalHeaderSubtitle,
+                title: .verbatim(self.approvalHeadline),
+                subtitle: .verbatim(self.approvalHeaderSubtitle),
                 avatarImageSource: self.avatarImageSource,
                 avatarText: self.avatarText)
 
             if let record = self.store.activeExecApproval {
                 WatchHeroCard(
                     label: "Approval needed",
-                    title: record.approval.commandPreview ?? record.approval.commandText,
-                    subtitle: self.approvalDecisionSubtitle(record),
-                    accessory: self.approvalAccessory(record))
+                    title: .verbatim(record.approval.commandPreview ?? record.approval.commandText),
+                    subtitle: .verbatim(self.approvalDecisionSubtitle(record)),
+                    accessory: .verbatim(self.approvalAccessory(record)))
 
                 if let warningText = WatchExecApprovalDisplay.warningText(record.approval.warningText) {
                     WatchApprovalWarning(text: warningText)
@@ -269,13 +297,17 @@ private struct WatchControlSurfaceView: View {
                 WatchHeroCard(
                     label: "Loading",
                     title: "Loading approval",
-                    subtitle: self.store.execApprovalReviewStatusText ?? "Waiting for your iPhone",
+                    subtitle: .verbatim(
+                        self.store.execApprovalReviewStatusText
+                            ?? String(localized: "Waiting for your iPhone")),
                     accessory: "Syncing")
             } else if self.approvalCount > 0 || self.store.shouldShowExecApprovalReviewStatus {
                 WatchHeroCard(
                     label: "Unavailable",
                     title: "Approval not loaded",
-                    subtitle: self.store.execApprovalReviewStatusText ?? "Approval details have not loaded",
+                    subtitle: .verbatim(
+                        self.store.execApprovalReviewStatusText
+                            ?? String(localized: "Approval details have not loaded")),
                     accessory: "Retry")
 
                 WatchSecondaryButton(title: "Review again") {
@@ -285,7 +317,9 @@ private struct WatchControlSurfaceView: View {
                 WatchHeroCard(
                     label: "Clear",
                     title: "No approvals waiting",
-                    subtitle: self.store.lastExecApprovalOutcomeText ?? "You are caught up",
+                    subtitle: .verbatim(
+                        self.store.lastExecApprovalOutcomeText
+                            ?? String(localized: "You are caught up")),
                     accessory: "Ready")
             }
 
@@ -305,18 +339,26 @@ private struct WatchControlSurfaceView: View {
             self.pageRail
             WatchFaceHeader(
                 section: "Connection",
-                title: self.directNode.isConnected ? "Watch node online" : "Direct Gateway",
-                subtitle: self.directNode.statusText,
+                title: .verbatim(self.directNode.isConnected
+                    ? String(localized: "Watch node online")
+                    : String(localized: "Direct Gateway")),
+                subtitle: .verbatim(self.directNode.statusText),
                 avatarImageSource: self.avatarImageSource,
                 avatarText: self.avatarText)
 
             WatchHeroCard(
-                label: self.directNode.isConnected ? "Direct" : "Setup",
-                title: self.directNode.endpointText ?? "Enable from iPhone",
-                subtitle: self.directNode.isConfigured
-                    ? "Uses Wi-Fi or cellular while OpenClaw is active"
-                    : "Open iPhone Settings → Apple Watch",
-                accessory: self.directNode.isConnected ? "Online" : "Offline")
+                label: .verbatim(self.directNode.isConnected
+                    ? String(localized: "Direct")
+                    : String(localized: "Setup")),
+                title: .verbatim(
+                    self.directNode.endpointText ?? String(localized: "Enable from iPhone")),
+                subtitle: .localized(
+                    self.directNode.isConfigured
+                        ? "Uses Wi-Fi or cellular while OpenClaw is active"
+                        : "Open iPhone Settings → Apple Watch"),
+                accessory: .verbatim(self.directNode.isConnected
+                    ? String(localized: "Online")
+                    : String(localized: "Offline")))
 
             WatchDetailText(
                 text: """
@@ -382,23 +424,27 @@ private struct WatchControlSurfaceView: View {
     }
 
     private var chatCountText: String {
-        self.chatCount == 0 ? "0" : "\(self.chatCount)"
+        self.chatCount.formatted()
     }
 
     private var approvalCountText: String {
-        self.approvalCount == 0 ? "0" : "\(self.approvalCount)"
+        self.approvalCount.formatted()
     }
 
     private var connectionLine: String {
         if let snapshot = store.appSnapshot {
-            return snapshot.gatewayConnected ? "AI agent online" : "Reconnect on iPhone"
+            return snapshot.gatewayConnected
+                ? String(localized: "AI agent online")
+                : String(localized: "Reconnect on iPhone")
         }
-        return "Pair iPhone"
+        return String(localized: "Pair iPhone")
     }
 
     private var primaryLabel: String {
-        if self.store.activeExecApproval != nil { return "Next up" }
-        return self.store.appSnapshot?.gatewayConnected == true ? "Running" : "Pairing"
+        if self.store.activeExecApproval != nil { return String(localized: "Next up") }
+        return self.store.appSnapshot?.gatewayConnected == true
+            ? String(localized: "Running")
+            : String(localized: "Pairing")
     }
 
     private var primaryTitle: String {
@@ -413,66 +459,80 @@ private struct WatchControlSurfaceView: View {
 
     private var primarySubtitle: String {
         if self.store.activeExecApproval != nil {
-            return "Approval waiting on your wrist"
+            return String(localized: "Approval waiting on your wrist")
         }
         if self.chatCount > 0 {
             return self.chatStatusText
         }
-        return self.store.hasAppSnapshot ? "Ready for quick actions" : "Waiting for iPhone sync"
+        return self.store.hasAppSnapshot
+            ? String(localized: "Ready for quick actions")
+            : String(localized: "Waiting for iPhone sync")
     }
 
     private var approvalHeadline: String {
-        self.approvalCount == 1 ? "1 approval waiting" : "\(self.approvalCount) approvals"
+        if self.approvalCount == 1 {
+            return String(localized: "1 approval waiting")
+        }
+        return String(
+            format: String(localized: "%@ approvals waiting"),
+            self.approvalCount.formatted())
     }
 
     private var approvalSubtitle: String {
-        guard let record = store.activeExecApproval else { return "No approvals waiting" }
+        guard let record = store.activeExecApproval else {
+            return String(localized: "No approvals waiting")
+        }
         return record.approval.commandPreview ?? record.approval.commandText
     }
 
     private var approvalHeaderSubtitle: String {
-        self.approvalCount > 0 ? "Decide from watch" : "No approvals"
+        self.approvalCount > 0
+            ? String(localized: "Decide from watch")
+            : String(localized: "No approvals")
     }
 
     private func approvalDecisionSubtitle(_ record: WatchExecApprovalRecord) -> String {
         var parts: [String] = []
         if let expiresText = expiryText(record.approval.expiresAtMs) {
-            parts.append("Expires in \(expiresText)")
+            parts.append(
+                String(
+                    format: String(localized: "Expires in %@"),
+                    expiresText))
         }
         if let host = record.approval.host, !host.isEmpty {
             parts.append(host)
         }
         if parts.isEmpty {
-            parts.append("Review before it runs")
+            parts.append(String(localized: "Review before it runs"))
         }
         return parts.joined(separator: " · ")
     }
 
     private func approvalAccessory(_ record: WatchExecApprovalRecord) -> String {
         if record.isResolving {
-            return "Sending"
+            return String(localized: "Sending")
         }
         if let risk = approvalRiskText(record.approval.risk) {
             return risk
         }
-        return "Review"
+        return String(localized: "Review")
     }
 
     private func approvalRiskText(_ risk: WatchRiskLevel?) -> String? {
         switch risk {
         case .high:
-            "High risk"
+            String(localized: "High risk")
         case .medium:
-            "Medium risk"
+            String(localized: "Medium risk")
         case .low:
-            "Low risk"
+            String(localized: "Low risk")
         case nil:
             nil
         }
     }
 
     private var chatPreviewTitle: String {
-        guard let item = chatItems.last else { return "No chat synced" }
+        guard let item = chatItems.last else { return String(localized: "No chat synced") }
         return self.roleTitle(item.role)
     }
 
@@ -485,9 +545,16 @@ private struct WatchControlSurfaceView: View {
             return status
         }
         if self.chatCount > 0 {
-            return self.chatCount == 1 ? "1 recent message" : "\(self.chatCount) recent messages"
+            if self.chatCount == 1 {
+                return String(localized: "1 recent message")
+            }
+            return String(
+                format: String(localized: "%@ recent messages"),
+                self.chatCount.formatted())
         }
-        return self.store.hasAppSnapshot ? "No messages synced" : "Waiting for iPhone"
+        return self.store.hasAppSnapshot
+            ? String(localized: "No messages synced")
+            : String(localized: "Waiting for iPhone")
     }
 
     private var chatSendStatusText: String? {
@@ -502,9 +569,9 @@ private struct WatchControlSurfaceView: View {
             return greetingTextOverride
         }
         let hour = Calendar.current.component(.hour, from: Date())
-        if hour < 12 { return "Good morning" }
-        if hour < 18 { return "Good afternoon" }
-        return "Good evening"
+        if hour < 12 { return String(localized: "Good morning") }
+        if hour < 18 { return String(localized: "Good afternoon") }
+        return String(localized: "Good evening")
     }
 
     private var statusLine: String {
@@ -517,20 +584,22 @@ private struct WatchControlSurfaceView: View {
         if let replyStatus = store.replyStatusText, !replyStatus.isEmpty {
             return replyStatus
         }
-        return self.store.hasAppSnapshot ? "Synced" : "Waiting for iPhone"
+        return self.store.hasAppSnapshot
+            ? String(localized: "Synced")
+            : String(localized: "Waiting for iPhone")
     }
 
     private var updatedText: String {
-        guard let updatedAt = store.updatedAt else { return "Just now" }
+        guard let updatedAt = store.updatedAt else { return String(localized: "Just now") }
         return updatedAt.formatted(date: .omitted, time: .shortened)
     }
 
     private func roleTitle(_ role: String) -> String {
         switch role.lowercased() {
         case "user":
-            "You"
+            String(localized: "You")
         case "system":
-            "System"
+            String(localized: "System")
         default:
             "OpenClaw"
         }
@@ -539,11 +608,11 @@ private struct WatchControlSurfaceView: View {
     private func actionSubtitle(_ action: WatchPromptAction) -> String {
         switch action.style?.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines).lowercased() {
         case "destructive":
-            "Requires confirmation"
+            String(localized: "Requires confirmation")
         case "cancel":
-            "Dismiss this update"
+            String(localized: "Dismiss this update")
         default:
-            "Send from watch"
+            String(localized: "Send from watch")
         }
     }
 
@@ -551,9 +620,11 @@ private struct WatchControlSurfaceView: View {
         guard let expiresAtMs else { return nil }
         let deltaSeconds = max(0, (expiresAtMs - Int64(Date().timeIntervalSince1970 * 1000)) / 1000)
         if deltaSeconds < 60 {
-            return "<1m"
+            return String(localized: "less than 1 min")
         }
-        return "\(deltaSeconds / 60)m"
+        return String(
+            format: String(localized: "%@ min"),
+            (deltaSeconds / 60).formatted())
     }
 }
 
@@ -685,9 +756,9 @@ private struct WatchClawAvatar: View {
 }
 
 private struct WatchFaceHeader: View {
-    let section: String
-    let title: String
-    let subtitle: String
+    let section: WatchTextValue
+    let title: WatchTextValue
+    let subtitle: WatchTextValue
     var avatarImageSource: String?
     var avatarText: String?
 
@@ -698,15 +769,15 @@ private struct WatchFaceHeader: View {
                 imageSource: self.avatarImageSource,
                 text: self.avatarText)
             VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 1) {
-                Text(self.section)
+                self.section.text
                     .font(WatchClawType.label(size: 10, weight: .bold))
                     .foregroundStyle(WatchClawStyle.accent)
                     .lineLimit(1)
-                Text(self.title)
+                self.title.text
                     .font(WatchClawType.title(size: 18))
                     .lineLimit(1)
                     .minimumScaleFactor(0.8)
-                Text(self.subtitle)
+                self.subtitle.text
                     .font(WatchClawType.caption2)
                     .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
                     .lineLimit(1)
@@ -716,29 +787,29 @@ private struct WatchFaceHeader: View {
 }
 
 private struct WatchHeroCard: View {
-    let label: String
-    let title: String
-    let subtitle: String
-    let accessory: String
+    let label: WatchTextValue
+    let title: WatchTextValue
+    let subtitle: WatchTextValue
+    let accessory: WatchTextValue
 
     var body: some View {
         VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 6) {
             HStack(alignment: .center) {
-                Text(self.label)
+                self.label.text
                     .font(WatchClawType.label(size: 10, weight: .bold))
                     .foregroundStyle(WatchClawStyle.accent)
                     .lineLimit(1)
                 Spacer(minLength: 4)
-                Text(self.accessory)
+                self.accessory.text
                     .font(WatchClawType.label(size: 10, weight: .semibold))
                     .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
                     .lineLimit(1)
             }
-            Text(self.title)
+            self.title.text
                 .font(WatchClawType.title(size: 19))
                 .lineLimit(3)
                 .minimumScaleFactor(0.75)
-            Text(self.subtitle)
+            self.subtitle.text
                 .font(WatchClawType.body(size: 13))
                 .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
                 .lineLimit(2)
@@ -757,10 +828,10 @@ private struct WatchHeroCard: View {
 }
 
 private struct WatchDetailText: View {
-    let text: String
+    let text: WatchTextValue
 
     var body: some View {
-        Text(self.text)
+        self.text.text
             .font(WatchClawType.body(size: 12))
             .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
             .lineLimit(5)
@@ -801,7 +872,7 @@ private struct WatchCompactStatusStrip: View {
 }
 
 private struct WatchCompactMetric: View {
-    let label: String
+    let label: LocalizedStringKey
     let value: String
 
     var body: some View {
@@ -898,23 +969,23 @@ private struct WatchSecondaryButton: View {
 }
 
 private struct WatchStackCard: View {
-    let label: String
-    let title: String
-    let subtitle: String
+    let label: WatchTextValue
+    let title: WatchTextValue
+    let subtitle: WatchTextValue
     let badge: String?
     var isProminent = false
 
     var body: some View {
         HStack(spacing: 8) {
             VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 2) {
-                Text(self.label)
+                self.label.text
                     .font(WatchClawType.label(size: 10, weight: .bold))
                     .foregroundStyle(WatchClawStyle.accent)
                     .lineLimit(1)
-                Text(self.title)
+                self.title.text
                     .font(WatchClawType.title(size: 17))
                     .lineLimit(1)
-                Text(self.subtitle)
+                self.subtitle.text
                     .font(WatchClawType.body(size: 13))
                     .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
                     .lineLimit(2)
@@ -959,8 +1030,8 @@ private struct WatchActionCard: View {
         Button(action: self.action) {
             WatchStackCard(
                 label: "OpenClaw",
-                title: self.title,
-                subtitle: self.subtitle,
+                title: .verbatim(self.title),
+                subtitle: .verbatim(self.subtitle),
                 badge: nil)
         }
         .buttonStyle(.plain)
@@ -1053,7 +1124,7 @@ private enum WatchExecApprovalDisplay {
         if !statusText.isEmpty {
             return statusText
         }
-        return record.isResolving ? "Sending decision..." : nil
+        return record.isResolving ? String(localized: "Sending decision...") : nil
     }
 }
 
@@ -1105,9 +1176,9 @@ private struct WatchChatBubble: View {
     private var roleTitle: String {
         switch self.item.role.lowercased() {
         case "user":
-            "You"
+            String(localized: "You")
         case "system":
-            "System"
+            String(localized: "System")
         default:
             "OpenClaw"
         }
@@ -1207,10 +1278,10 @@ private struct WatchChatTimelineView: View {
 
     private var voiceStatusText: String? {
         if self.speechPlayback.isSpeaking {
-            return "Speaking reply…"
+            return String(localized: "Speaking reply…")
         }
         if self.voiceTurnTracker.isAwaitingReply {
-            return "Waiting for spoken reply…"
+            return String(localized: "Waiting for spoken reply…")
         }
         return nil
     }
@@ -1367,12 +1438,12 @@ private struct WatchChatComposer: View {
 
     private var voiceButtonAccessibilityLabel: String {
         if self.isSpeaking {
-            return "Stop speaking"
+            return String(localized: "Stop speaking")
         }
         if self.isAwaitingVoiceReply {
-            return "Cancel voice turn"
+            return String(localized: "Cancel voice turn")
         }
-        return "Start voice turn"
+        return String(localized: "Start voice turn")
     }
 }
 
@@ -1417,7 +1488,9 @@ private struct WatchExecApprovalListView: View {
                 WatchHeroCard(
                     label: "Clear",
                     title: "No approvals waiting",
-                    subtitle: self.store.lastExecApprovalOutcomeText ?? "You are caught up",
+                    subtitle: .verbatim(
+                        self.store.lastExecApprovalOutcomeText
+                            ?? String(localized: "You are caught up")),
                     accessory: "Ready")
             } else {
                 ForEach(self.store.sortedExecApprovals) { record in
@@ -1429,8 +1502,8 @@ private struct WatchExecApprovalListView: View {
                     } label: {
                         WatchStackCard(
                             label: "Approval",
-                            title: record.approval.commandPreview ?? record.approval.commandText,
-                            subtitle: self.metadataLine(for: record),
+                            title: .verbatim(record.approval.commandPreview ?? record.approval.commandText),
+                            subtitle: .verbatim(self.metadataLine(for: record)),
                             badge: nil)
                     }
                     .buttonStyle(.plain)
@@ -1457,16 +1530,18 @@ private struct WatchExecApprovalListView: View {
         if let statusText = record.statusText, !statusText.isEmpty {
             parts.append(statusText)
         }
-        return parts.isEmpty ? "Pending review" : parts.joined(separator: " · ")
+        return parts.isEmpty ? String(localized: "Pending review") : parts.joined(separator: " · ")
     }
 
     private static func expiresText(_ expiresAtMs: Int64?) -> String? {
         guard let expiresAtMs else { return nil }
         let deltaSeconds = max(0, (expiresAtMs - Int64(Date().timeIntervalSince1970 * 1000)) / 1000)
         if deltaSeconds < 60 {
-            return "Expires in <1m"
+            return String(localized: "Expires in less than 1 min")
         }
-        return "Expires in \(deltaSeconds / 60)m"
+        return String(
+            format: String(localized: "Expires in %@ min"),
+            (deltaSeconds / 60).formatted())
     }
 }
 
@@ -1478,11 +1553,15 @@ private struct WatchExecApprovalDetailView: View {
     var body: some View {
         WatchDetailScroll(title: "Review Command") {
             WatchHeroCard(
-                label: self.riskText(self.currentRecord?.approval.risk ?? self.record.approval.risk) ?? "Review",
+                label: .verbatim(
+                    self.riskText(self.currentRecord?.approval.risk ?? self.record.approval.risk)
+                        ?? String(localized: "Review")),
                 title: "Command execution",
-                subtitle: self.metadataSummary,
-                accessory: Self
-                    .expiresText(self.currentRecord?.approval.expiresAtMs ?? self.record.approval.expiresAtMs) ?? "Now")
+                subtitle: .verbatim(self.metadataSummary),
+                accessory: .verbatim(
+                    Self.expiresText(
+                        self.currentRecord?.approval.expiresAtMs ?? self.record.approval.expiresAtMs)
+                        ?? String(localized: "Now")))
 
             WatchApprovalCommandReview(commandText: self.commandText)
 
@@ -1552,17 +1631,19 @@ private struct WatchExecApprovalDetailView: View {
         if let agentId = approval.agentId, !agentId.isEmpty {
             parts.append(agentId)
         }
-        return parts.isEmpty ? "Review command below" : parts.joined(separator: " · ")
+        return parts.isEmpty
+            ? String(localized: "Review command below")
+            : parts.joined(separator: " · ")
     }
 
     private func riskText(_ risk: WatchRiskLevel?) -> String? {
         switch risk {
         case .high:
-            "High risk"
+            String(localized: "High risk")
         case .medium:
-            "Medium risk"
+            String(localized: "Medium risk")
         case .low:
-            "Low risk"
+            String(localized: "Low risk")
         case nil:
             nil
         }
@@ -1572,14 +1653,16 @@ private struct WatchExecApprovalDetailView: View {
         guard let expiresAtMs else { return nil }
         let deltaSeconds = max(0, (expiresAtMs - Int64(Date().timeIntervalSince1970 * 1000)) / 1000)
         if deltaSeconds < 60 {
-            return "<1 minute"
+            return String(localized: "less than 1 minute")
         }
-        return "\(deltaSeconds / 60) minutes"
+        return String(
+            format: String(localized: "%@ minutes"),
+            (deltaSeconds / 60).formatted())
     }
 }
 
 private struct WatchDetailScroll<Content: View>: View {
-    let title: String
+    let title: LocalizedStringKey
     @ViewBuilder var content: Content
 
     var body: some View {