fix: route Android exec approvals to in-app inbox (#95593)

* fix: route Android exec approvals to in-app inbox * fix: read nested Android exec approval commands
2026-07-21 10:16:44 +00:00 · 2026-06-22 19:00:16 -05:00
parent befe04f465
commit e39249100e
6 changed files with 677 additions and 11 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+package ai.openclaw.app
+
+import ai.openclaw.app.node.asObjectOrNull
+import ai.openclaw.app.node.asStringOrNull
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.Json
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonArray
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonElement
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonObject
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonPrimitive
+
+data class GatewayExecApprovalSummary(
+  val id: String,
+  val commandText: String,
+  val commandPreview: String?,
+  val allowedDecisions: List<String>,
+  val host: String?,
+  val nodeId: String?,
+  val agentId: String?,
+  val createdAtMs: Long?,
+  val expiresAtMs: Long?,
+  val resolvingDecision: String? = null,
+  val errorText: String? = null,
+)
+
+internal fun parseGatewayExecApprovalListPayload(
+  payloadJson: String,
+  json: Json,
+): List<GatewayExecApprovalSummary> =
+  try {
+    (json.parseToJsonElement(payloadJson) as? JsonArray)
+      ?.mapNotNull(::parseGatewayExecApprovalListEntry)
+      ?.sortedBy { it.createdAtMs ?: Long.MAX_VALUE }
+      .orEmpty()
+  } catch (_: Throwable) {
+    emptyList()
+  }
+
+internal fun parseGatewayExecApprovalListEntry(item: JsonElement): GatewayExecApprovalSummary? {
+  val obj = item.asObjectOrNull() ?: return null
+  val id = obj["id"].asStringOrNull()?.trim().orEmpty()
+  if (id.isEmpty()) return null
+  val request = obj["request"].asObjectOrNull()
+  val commandText = gatewayExecApprovalListCommandText(obj, request)
+  return GatewayExecApprovalSummary(
+    id = id,
+    commandText = commandText,
+    commandPreview = gatewayExecApprovalListCommandPreview(obj, request, commandText),
+    allowedDecisions = emptyList(),
+    host =
+      request
+        ?.get("host")
+        .asStringOrNull()
+        ?.trim()
+        ?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() },
+    nodeId =
+      request
+        ?.get("nodeId")
+        .asStringOrNull()
+        ?.trim()
+        ?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() },
+    agentId =
+      request
+        ?.get("agentId")
+        .asStringOrNull()
+        ?.trim()
+        ?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() },
+    createdAtMs = obj.long("createdAtMs"),
+    expiresAtMs = obj.long("expiresAtMs"),
+  )
+}
+
+internal fun parseGatewayExecApprovalDetail(
+  obj: JsonObject,
+  createdAtMs: Long?,
+): GatewayExecApprovalSummary? {
+  val id = obj["id"].asStringOrNull()?.trim().orEmpty()
+  if (id.isEmpty()) return null
+  return GatewayExecApprovalSummary(
+    id = id,
+    commandText =
+      obj["commandText"]
+        .asStringOrNull()
+        ?.trim()
+        ?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }
+        ?: "Command request",
+    commandPreview =
+      obj["commandPreview"]
+        .asStringOrNull()
+        ?.trim()
+        ?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() },
+    allowedDecisions = gatewayExecApprovalAllowedDecisions(obj),
+    host = obj["host"].asStringOrNull()?.trim()?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() },
+    nodeId = obj["nodeId"].asStringOrNull()?.trim()?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() },
+    agentId = obj["agentId"].asStringOrNull()?.trim()?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() },
+    createdAtMs = createdAtMs,
+    expiresAtMs = obj.long("expiresAtMs"),
+  )
+}
+
+private fun gatewayExecApprovalListCommandText(obj: JsonObject, request: JsonObject?): String =
+  obj["commandText"]
+    .asStringOrNull()
+    ?.trim()
+    ?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }
+    ?: request
+      ?.get("command")
+      .asStringOrNull()
+      ?.trim()
+      ?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }
+    ?: "Command request"
+
+private fun gatewayExecApprovalListCommandPreview(
+  obj: JsonObject,
+  request: JsonObject?,
+  commandText: String,
+): String? {
+  val preview =
+    obj["commandPreview"]
+      .asStringOrNull()
+      ?.trim()
+      ?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }
+      ?: request
+        ?.get("commandPreview")
+        .asStringOrNull()
+        ?.trim()
+        ?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }
+  return preview?.takeIf { it != commandText }
+}
+
+private fun gatewayExecApprovalAllowedDecisions(request: JsonObject?): List<String> {
+  val explicit = parseGatewayExecApprovalDecisions(request?.get("allowedDecisions") as? JsonArray)
+  if (explicit.isNotEmpty()) return explicit
+  val allowed =
+    if (request
+        ?.get("ask")
+        .asStringOrNull()
+        ?.trim()
+        ?.lowercase() == "always"
+    ) {
+      listOf("allow-once", "deny")
+    } else {
+      listOf("allow-once", "allow-always", "deny")
+    }
+  val unavailable = parseGatewayExecApprovalDecisions(request?.get("unavailableDecisions") as? JsonArray).toSet()
+  return allowed.filterNot { it == "allow-always" && it in unavailable }
+}
+
+private fun parseGatewayExecApprovalDecisions(items: JsonArray?): List<String> =
+  items
+    ?.mapNotNull { item ->
+      when (item.asStringOrNull()?.trim()) {
+        "allow-once" -> "allow-once"
+        "allow-always" -> "allow-always"
+        "deny" -> "deny"
+        else -> null
+      }
+    }?.distinct()
+    .orEmpty()
+
+private fun JsonObject?.long(key: String): Long? = (this?.get(key) as? JsonPrimitive)?.content?.trim()?.toLongOrNull()
@@ -204,6 +204,9 @@ class MainViewModel(
  val chatPendingToolCalls: StateFlow<List<ChatPendingToolCall>> = runtimeState(initial = emptyList()) { it.chatPendingToolCalls }
  val chatSessions: StateFlow<List<ChatSessionEntry>> = runtimeState(initial = emptyList()) { it.chatSessions }
  val pendingRunCount: StateFlow<Int> = runtimeState(initial = 0) { it.pendingRunCount }
+  val execApprovals: StateFlow<List<GatewayExecApprovalSummary>> = runtimeState(initial = emptyList()) { it.execApprovals }
+  val execApprovalsRefreshing: StateFlow<Boolean> = runtimeState(initial = false) { it.execApprovalsRefreshing }
+  val execApprovalsErrorText: StateFlow<String?> = runtimeState(initial = null) { it.execApprovalsErrorText }

  val canvas: CanvasController
    get() = ensureRuntime().canvas
@@ -537,6 +540,17 @@ class MainViewModel(
    ensureRuntime().refreshNodesDevices()
  }

+  fun refreshExecApprovals() {
+    ensureRuntime().refreshExecApprovals()
+  }
+
+  fun resolveExecApproval(
+    id: String,
+    decision: String,
+  ) {
+    ensureRuntime().resolveExecApproval(id = id, decision = decision)
+  }
+
  fun refreshChannels() {
    ensureRuntime().refreshChannels()
  }
@@ -74,7 +74,9 @@ import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonElement
 import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonObject
 import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonPrimitive
 import kotlinx.serialization.json.buildJsonObject
+import java.util.Collections
 import java.util.UUID
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong

 /**
@@ -400,6 +402,15 @@ class NodeRuntime(
  private val _nodesDevicesErrorText = MutableStateFlow<String?>(null)
  val nodesDevicesErrorText: StateFlow<String?> = _nodesDevicesErrorText.asStateFlow()
  private val nodeApprovalRefreshGuard = GatewayNodeApprovalRefreshGuard()
+  private val _execApprovals = MutableStateFlow<List<GatewayExecApprovalSummary>>(emptyList())
+  val execApprovals: StateFlow<List<GatewayExecApprovalSummary>> = _execApprovals.asStateFlow()
+  private val _execApprovalsRefreshing = MutableStateFlow(false)
+  val execApprovalsRefreshing: StateFlow<Boolean> = _execApprovalsRefreshing.asStateFlow()
+  private val _execApprovalsErrorText = MutableStateFlow<String?>(null)
+  val execApprovalsErrorText: StateFlow<String?> = _execApprovalsErrorText.asStateFlow()
+  private val execApprovalsRefreshSeq = AtomicLong(0)
+  private val execApprovalsStateLock = Any()
+  private val resolvedExecApprovalIds = Collections.newSetFromMap(ConcurrentHashMap<String, Boolean>())
  private val _channelsSummary = MutableStateFlow(GatewayChannelsSummary(channels = emptyList()))
  val channelsSummary: StateFlow<GatewayChannelsSummary> = _channelsSummary.asStateFlow()
  private val _channelsRefreshing = MutableStateFlow(false)
@@ -449,6 +460,7 @@ class NodeRuntime(
        micCapture.onGatewayConnectionChanged(true)
        scope.launch {
          subscribeOperatorSessionEvents()
+          refreshExecApprovalsFromGateway()
          refreshHomeCanvasOverviewIfConnected()
          if (voiceReplySpeakerLazy.isInitialized()) {
            voiceReplySpeaker.refreshConfig()
@@ -478,6 +490,11 @@ class NodeRuntime(
            pendingDevices = emptyList(),
            pairedDevices = emptyList(),
          )
+        invalidateExecApprovalRefreshes()
+        resolvedExecApprovalIds.clear()
+        _execApprovals.value = emptyList()
+        _execApprovalsRefreshing.value = false
+        _execApprovalsErrorText.value = null
        _channelsSummary.value = GatewayChannelsSummary(channels = emptyList())
        _dreamingSummary.value = GatewayDreamingSummary()
        _healthLogsSummary.value = GatewayHealthLogsSummary()
@@ -825,6 +842,24 @@ class NodeRuntime(
    }
  }

+  fun refreshExecApprovals() {
+    scope.launch {
+      refreshExecApprovalsFromGateway()
+    }
+  }
+
+  fun resolveExecApproval(
+    id: String,
+    decision: String,
+  ) {
+    val normalizedId = id.trim()
+    val normalizedDecision = decision.trim()
+    if (normalizedId.isEmpty() || normalizedDecision.isEmpty()) return
+    scope.launch {
+      resolveExecApprovalOnGateway(id = normalizedId, decision = normalizedDecision)
+    }
+  }
+
  fun refreshChannels() {
    scope.launch {
      refreshChannelsFromGateway()
@@ -1000,6 +1035,9 @@ class NodeRuntime(
    _isForeground.value = value
    if (value) {
      reconnectPreferredGatewayOnForeground()
+      scope.launch {
+        refreshExecApprovalsFromGateway()
+      }
    } else {
      stopManualVoiceSession()
      publishNodePresenceAliveBeacon(NodePresenceAliveBeacon.Trigger.Background, throttleRecentSuccess = true)
@@ -1829,11 +1867,47 @@ class NodeRuntime(
    if (event == "update.available") {
      _gatewayUpdateAvailable.value = parseGatewayUpdateAvailable(payloadJson)
    }
+    handleExecApprovalGatewayEvent(event = event, payloadJson = payloadJson)
    micCapture.handleGatewayEvent(event, payloadJson)
    talkMode.handleGatewayEvent(event, payloadJson)
    chat.handleGatewayEvent(event, payloadJson)
  }

+  private fun handleExecApprovalGatewayEvent(
+    event: String,
+    payloadJson: String?,
+  ) {
+    when (event) {
+      "exec.approval.requested" -> {
+        val approvalId = parseExecApprovalEventId(payloadJson)
+        approvalId?.let(resolvedExecApprovalIds::remove)
+        scope.launch {
+          if (approvalId == null) {
+            refreshExecApprovalsFromGateway()
+          } else {
+            refreshExecApprovalFromGateway(approvalId)
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      "exec.approval.resolved" -> {
+        val approvalId = parseExecApprovalEventId(payloadJson) ?: return
+        markExecApprovalResolved(approvalId)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private fun parseExecApprovalEventId(payloadJson: String?): String? =
+    try {
+      payloadJson
+        ?.let { json.parseToJsonElement(it).asObjectOrNull() }
+        ?.get("id")
+        .asStringOrNull()
+        ?.trim()
+        ?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }
+    } catch (_: Throwable) {
+      null
+    }
+
  private fun parseGatewayUpdateAvailable(payloadJson: String?): GatewayUpdateAvailableSummary? {
    return try {
      val root = payloadJson?.let { json.parseToJsonElement(it).asObjectOrNull() }
@@ -2080,6 +2154,196 @@ class NodeRuntime(
    }
  }

+  private suspend fun refreshExecApprovalsFromGateway() {
+    val refreshGeneration = execApprovalsRefreshSeq.incrementAndGet()
+    _execApprovalsRefreshing.value = true
+    _execApprovalsErrorText.value = null
+    if (!operatorConnected) {
+      if (execApprovalsRefreshSeq.get() == refreshGeneration) {
+        _execApprovals.value = emptyList()
+        _execApprovalsRefreshing.value = false
+      }
+      return
+    }
+    try {
+      val res = operatorSession.request("exec.approval.list", "{}")
+      val existing = _execApprovals.value.associateBy { it.id }
+      val rows =
+        parseGatewayExecApprovalListPayload(res, json)
+          .filterNot { it.id in resolvedExecApprovalIds }
+          .map { row ->
+            val hydrated =
+              try {
+                fetchExecApprovalDetailFromGateway(
+                  id = row.id,
+                  createdAtMs = row.createdAtMs ?: System.currentTimeMillis(),
+                )
+              } catch (_: Throwable) {
+                null
+              } ?: row.copy(errorText = "Could not load approval details. Refresh and try again.")
+            val current = existing[row.id]
+            if (current == null) {
+              hydrated
+            } else {
+              hydrated.copy(
+                resolvingDecision = current.resolvingDecision,
+                errorText = current.errorText ?: hydrated.errorText,
+              )
+            }
+          }
+      publishExecApprovalsIfCurrent(refreshGeneration, rows)
+    } catch (_: Throwable) {
+      if (execApprovalsRefreshSeq.get() == refreshGeneration) {
+        _execApprovalsErrorText.value = "Could not load approvals."
+      }
+    } finally {
+      if (execApprovalsRefreshSeq.get() == refreshGeneration) {
+        _execApprovalsRefreshing.value = false
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private suspend fun refreshExecApprovalFromGateway(id: String) {
+    if (!operatorConnected) return
+    if (id in resolvedExecApprovalIds) return
+    try {
+      val current = _execApprovals.value.firstOrNull { it.id == id }
+      val row =
+        fetchExecApprovalDetailFromGateway(
+          id = id,
+          createdAtMs = current?.createdAtMs ?: System.currentTimeMillis(),
+        ) ?: return
+      if (id in resolvedExecApprovalIds) return
+      invalidateExecApprovalRefreshes()
+      upsertExecApproval(row)
+    } catch (_: Throwable) {
+      refreshExecApprovalsFromGateway()
+    }
+  }
+
+  private suspend fun fetchExecApprovalDetailFromGateway(
+    id: String,
+    createdAtMs: Long,
+  ): GatewayExecApprovalSummary? {
+    val params = buildJsonObject { put("id", JsonPrimitive(id)) }.toString()
+    val res = operatorSession.request("exec.approval.get", params)
+    val root = json.parseToJsonElement(res).asObjectOrNull() ?: return null
+    return parseGatewayExecApprovalDetail(root, createdAtMs = createdAtMs)
+  }
+
+  private suspend fun resolveExecApprovalOnGateway(
+    id: String,
+    decision: String,
+  ) {
+    synchronized(execApprovalsStateLock) {
+      if (!operatorConnected || id in resolvedExecApprovalIds) return
+      val currentRows = _execApprovals.value
+      if (currentRows.none { it.id == id }) return
+      invalidateExecApprovalRefreshes()
+      _execApprovals.value =
+        currentRows.map { row ->
+          if (row.id == id) row.copy(resolvingDecision = decision, errorText = null) else row
+        }
+    }
+    try {
+      val params =
+        buildJsonObject {
+          put("id", JsonPrimitive(id))
+          put("decision", JsonPrimitive(decision))
+        }.toString()
+      operatorSession.request("exec.approval.resolve", params)
+      markExecApprovalResolved(id)
+    } catch (_: Throwable) {
+      synchronized(execApprovalsStateLock) {
+        if (!operatorConnected || id in resolvedExecApprovalIds) return
+        _execApprovals.value =
+          _execApprovals.value.map { row ->
+            if (row.id == id) {
+              row.copy(resolvingDecision = null, errorText = "Could not resolve approval. Refresh and try again.")
+            } else {
+              row
+            }
+          }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private fun upsertExecApproval(row: GatewayExecApprovalSummary) {
+    synchronized(execApprovalsStateLock) {
+      if (!operatorConnected || row.id in resolvedExecApprovalIds) return
+      if (row.isExpiredExecApproval()) return
+      val rows = _execApprovals.value
+      val replaced = rows.any { it.id == row.id }
+      val nextRows =
+        (
+          if (replaced) {
+            rows.map { current ->
+              if (current.id == row.id) {
+                row.copy(
+                  resolvingDecision = current.resolvingDecision,
+                  errorText = current.errorText,
+                )
+              } else {
+                current
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            rows + row
+          }
+        ).filterActiveExecApprovals()
+          .sortedBy { it.createdAtMs ?: Long.MAX_VALUE }
+      _execApprovals.value = nextRows
+      scheduleExecApprovalExpiryPrune(nextRows)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private fun invalidateExecApprovalRefreshes() {
+    execApprovalsRefreshSeq.incrementAndGet()
+    _execApprovalsRefreshing.value = false
+  }
+
+  private fun markExecApprovalResolved(id: String) {
+    synchronized(execApprovalsStateLock) {
+      resolvedExecApprovalIds.add(id)
+      invalidateExecApprovalRefreshes()
+      _execApprovals.value = _execApprovals.value.filterNot { it.id == id }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private fun publishExecApprovalsIfCurrent(
+    refreshGeneration: Long,
+    rows: List<GatewayExecApprovalSummary>,
+  ) {
+    synchronized(execApprovalsStateLock) {
+      if (execApprovalsRefreshSeq.get() == refreshGeneration && operatorConnected) {
+        val nextRows = rows.filterNot { it.id in resolvedExecApprovalIds }.filterActiveExecApprovals()
+        _execApprovals.value = nextRows
+        scheduleExecApprovalExpiryPrune(nextRows)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private fun scheduleExecApprovalExpiryPrune(rows: List<GatewayExecApprovalSummary>) {
+    val now = System.currentTimeMillis()
+    val nextExpiry = rows.mapNotNull { it.expiresAtMs }.filter { it > now }.minOrNull() ?: return
+    scope.launch {
+      delay((nextExpiry - now + 250).coerceAtLeast(0))
+      pruneExpiredExecApprovals()
+    }
+  }
+
+  private fun pruneExpiredExecApprovals() {
+    synchronized(execApprovalsStateLock) {
+      _execApprovals.value = _execApprovals.value.filterActiveExecApprovals()
+    }
+  }
+
+  private fun GatewayExecApprovalSummary.isExpiredExecApproval(nowMs: Long = System.currentTimeMillis()): Boolean = expiresAtMs?.let { it <= nowMs } == true
+
+  private fun List<GatewayExecApprovalSummary>.filterActiveExecApprovals(
+    nowMs: Long = System.currentTimeMillis(),
+  ): List<GatewayExecApprovalSummary> = filterNot { it.isExpiredExecApproval(nowMs) }
+
  private fun invalidateNodeCapabilityApprovalState() {
    val refreshGeneration = nodeApprovalRefreshGuard.begin()
    nodeApprovalRefreshGuard.publishIfCurrent(refreshGeneration) {
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import ai.openclaw.app.AppearanceThemeMode
 import ai.openclaw.app.BuildConfig
 import ai.openclaw.app.GatewayAgentSummary
 import ai.openclaw.app.GatewayCronJobSummary
+import ai.openclaw.app.GatewayExecApprovalSummary
 import ai.openclaw.app.GatewayUsageProviderSummary
 import ai.openclaw.app.LocationMode
 import ai.openclaw.app.MainViewModel
@@ -301,29 +302,62 @@ private fun ApprovalsSettingsScreen(
  viewModel: MainViewModel,
  onBack: () -> Unit,
 ) {
+  val isConnected by viewModel.isConnected.collectAsState()
+  val execApprovals by viewModel.execApprovals.collectAsState()
+  val execApprovalsRefreshing by viewModel.execApprovalsRefreshing.collectAsState()
+  val execApprovalsErrorText by viewModel.execApprovalsErrorText.collectAsState()
  val pendingToolCalls by viewModel.chatPendingToolCalls.collectAsState()
  val pendingRunCount by viewModel.pendingRunCount.collectAsState()
-  val waitingCount = pendingToolCalls.count { it.isError != true }
-  val issueCount = pendingToolCalls.count { it.isError == true }
+  val issueCount = execApprovals.count { it.errorText != null } + pendingToolCalls.count { it.isError == true }
+
+  LaunchedEffect(isConnected) {
+    if (isConnected) {
+      viewModel.refreshExecApprovals()
+    }
+  }

  SettingsDetailFrame(title = "Approvals", subtitle = "Review actions that need your attention.", icon = Icons.Default.Lock, onBack = onBack) {
    SettingsMetricPanel(
      rows =
        listOf(
-          SettingsMetric("Pending", waitingCount.toString()),
+          SettingsMetric("Gateway Pending", execApprovals.size.toString()),
+          SettingsMetric("Session Activity", pendingToolCalls.size.toString()),
          SettingsMetric("Issues", issueCount.toString()),
          SettingsMetric("Active Runs", pendingRunCount.toString()),
        ),
    )
-    if (pendingToolCalls.isEmpty()) {
+    ClawSecondaryButton(
+      text = if (execApprovalsRefreshing) "Refreshing" else "Refresh",
+      onClick = viewModel::refreshExecApprovals,
+      enabled = isConnected && !execApprovalsRefreshing,
+      modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth(),
+    )
+    if (execApprovalsErrorText != null) {
+      ClawPanel {
+        Text(text = execApprovalsErrorText ?: "", style = ClawTheme.type.body, color = ClawTheme.colors.warning)
+      }
+    }
+    if (!isConnected) {
      ClawPanel {
        Column(verticalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(3.dp)) {
-          Text(text = "Nothing needs approval.", style = ClawTheme.type.section, color = ClawTheme.colors.text)
-          Text(text = "OpenClaw will show action requests here when a session pauses for review.", style = ClawTheme.type.body, color = ClawTheme.colors.textMuted)
+          Text(text = "Gateway disconnected.", style = ClawTheme.type.section, color = ClawTheme.colors.text)
+          Text(text = "Connect the gateway to load approval requests in the app.", style = ClawTheme.type.body, color = ClawTheme.colors.textMuted)
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (execApprovals.isEmpty()) {
+      ClawPanel {
+        Column(verticalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(3.dp)) {
+          Text(text = "No gateway approvals.", style = ClawTheme.type.section, color = ClawTheme.colors.text)
+          Text(text = "Exec approval requests will appear here while this phone is connected.", style = ClawTheme.type.body, color = ClawTheme.colors.textMuted)
        }
      }
    } else {
-      ApprovalsPanel(toolCalls = pendingToolCalls)
+      ExecApprovalsPanel(approvals = execApprovals, onResolve = viewModel::resolveExecApproval)
+    }
+    if (pendingToolCalls.isNotEmpty()) {
+      Text(text = "Session activity", style = ClawTheme.type.section, color = ClawTheme.colors.text)
+      Text(text = "Chat tool calls waiting in the active session remain visible here.", style = ClawTheme.type.caption, color = ClawTheme.colors.textMuted)
+      SessionToolCallsPanel(toolCalls = pendingToolCalls)
    }
  }
 }
@@ -1100,7 +1134,70 @@ internal data class SettingsMetric(
 )

@Composable
-private fun ApprovalsPanel(toolCalls: List<ChatPendingToolCall>) {
+private fun ExecApprovalsPanel(
+  approvals: List<GatewayExecApprovalSummary>,
+  onResolve: (String, String) -> Unit,
+) {
+  Column(verticalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(10.dp)) {
+    approvals.forEach { approval ->
+      ExecApprovalCard(approval = approval, onResolve = onResolve)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+@Composable
+private fun ExecApprovalCard(
+  approval: GatewayExecApprovalSummary,
+  onResolve: (String, String) -> Unit,
+) {
+  val resolving = approval.resolvingDecision != null
+  ClawPanel {
+    Column(verticalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(9.dp)) {
+      Row(modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth(), verticalAlignment = Alignment.CenterVertically, horizontalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(9.dp)) {
+        Column(modifier = Modifier.weight(1f), verticalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(3.dp)) {
+          Text(text = approval.commandText, style = ClawTheme.type.body, color = ClawTheme.colors.text, maxLines = 2, overflow = TextOverflow.Ellipsis)
+          approval.commandPreview?.let { preview ->
+            Text(text = preview, style = ClawTheme.type.caption, color = ClawTheme.colors.textMuted, maxLines = 2, overflow = TextOverflow.Ellipsis)
+          }
+        }
+        ClawStatusPill(text = if (resolving) "Sending" else "Review", status = if (resolving) ClawStatus.Warning else ClawStatus.Success)
+      }
+      Text(text = execApprovalMetadata(approval), style = ClawTheme.type.caption, color = ClawTheme.colors.textSubtle, maxLines = 2, overflow = TextOverflow.Ellipsis)
+      approval.errorText?.let { errorText ->
+        Text(text = errorText, style = ClawTheme.type.caption, color = ClawTheme.colors.warning)
+      }
+      Row(modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth(), horizontalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(8.dp)) {
+        if ("allow-once" in approval.allowedDecisions) {
+          ClawPrimaryButton(
+            text = if (approval.resolvingDecision == "allow-once") "Allowing" else "Allow Once",
+            onClick = { onResolve(approval.id, "allow-once") },
+            enabled = !resolving,
+            modifier = Modifier.weight(1f),
+          )
+        }
+        if ("allow-always" in approval.allowedDecisions) {
+          ClawSecondaryButton(
+            text = if (approval.resolvingDecision == "allow-always") "Saving" else "Always",
+            onClick = { onResolve(approval.id, "allow-always") },
+            enabled = !resolving,
+            modifier = Modifier.weight(1f),
+          )
+        }
+        if ("deny" in approval.allowedDecisions) {
+          ClawSecondaryButton(
+            text = if (approval.resolvingDecision == "deny") "Denying" else "Deny",
+            onClick = { onResolve(approval.id, "deny") },
+            enabled = !resolving,
+            modifier = Modifier.weight(1f),
+          )
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+@Composable
+private fun SessionToolCallsPanel(toolCalls: List<ChatPendingToolCall>) {
  ClawListPanel(items = toolCalls) { toolCall ->
    ApprovalListRow(toolCall = toolCall)
  }
@@ -1233,6 +1330,30 @@ private fun approvalSubtitle(
  return if (minutes < 1) "Waiting for review" else "Waiting ${minutes}m"
 }

+private fun execApprovalMetadata(approval: GatewayExecApprovalSummary): String {
+  val target =
+    when {
+      approval.host == "node" && approval.nodeId != null -> "Node ${approval.nodeId.take(8)}"
+      approval.host != null -> approval.host.replaceFirstChar { it.uppercaseChar() }
+      else -> "Gateway"
+    }
+  val agent = approval.agentId?.let { "Agent ${it.take(8)}" }
+  val age = approval.createdAtMs?.let { "Waiting ${formatApprovalDuration(System.currentTimeMillis() - it)}" }
+  val expires = approval.expiresAtMs?.let { "Expires ${formatApprovalDuration(it - System.currentTimeMillis())}" }
+  return listOfNotNull(target, agent, age, expires).joinToString(" · ")
+}
+
+private fun formatApprovalDuration(deltaMs: Long): String {
+  val safeDelta = deltaMs.coerceAtLeast(0L)
+  val minutes = safeDelta / 60_000L
+  val hours = minutes / 60L
+  return when {
+    minutes < 1 -> "soon"
+    hours < 1 -> "${minutes}m"
+    else -> "${hours}h"
+  }
+}
+
 /** Builds the dense cron-job subtitle from schedule, next wake, and prompt preview. */
 private fun cronJobSubtitle(job: GatewayCronJobSummary): String = "${job.scheduleLabel} · ${formatCronWake(job.nextRunAtMs)} · ${job.promptPreview}"

@@ -360,6 +360,7 @@ private fun OverviewScreen(
  val statusText by viewModel.statusText.collectAsState()
  val models by viewModel.modelCatalog.collectAsState()
  val providers by viewModel.modelAuthProviders.collectAsState()
+  val execApprovals by viewModel.execApprovals.collectAsState()
  val pendingToolCalls by viewModel.chatPendingToolCalls.collectAsState()
  val cronStatus by viewModel.cronStatus.collectAsState()
  val nodesDevicesSummary by viewModel.nodesDevicesSummary.collectAsState()
@@ -367,10 +368,11 @@ private fun OverviewScreen(
  val agents by viewModel.gatewayAgents.collectAsState()
  val defaultAgentId by viewModel.gatewayDefaultAgentId.collectAsState()
  val readyProviderCount = providerRows(providers = providers, models = models).count { it.ready }
+  val pendingApprovalsCount = execApprovals.size + pendingToolCalls.size
  val attentionRows =
    homeAttentionRows(
      isConnected = isConnected,
-      pendingApprovals = pendingToolCalls.size,
+      pendingApprovals = pendingApprovalsCount,
      channelsSummary = channelsSummary,
      nodesDevicesSummary = nodesDevicesSummary,
      readyProviderCount = readyProviderCount,
@@ -390,7 +392,7 @@ private fun OverviewScreen(
      isConnected = isConnected,
      hasAttention = attentionRows.isNotEmpty(),
      nodesDevicesSummary = nodesDevicesSummary,
-      pendingApprovals = pendingToolCalls.size,
+      pendingApprovals = pendingApprovalsCount,
      sessionCount = sessions.size,
    )

@@ -402,6 +404,7 @@ private fun OverviewScreen(
      viewModel.refreshCronJobs()
      viewModel.refreshNodesDevices()
      viewModel.refreshChannels()
+      viewModel.refreshExecApprovals()
    }
  }

@@ -1364,6 +1367,7 @@ private fun SettingsShellScreen(
  val notificationForwardingEnabled by viewModel.notificationForwardingEnabled.collectAsState()
  val speakerEnabled by viewModel.speakerEnabled.collectAsState()
  val agents by viewModel.gatewayAgents.collectAsState()
+  val execApprovals by viewModel.execApprovals.collectAsState()
  val pendingToolCalls by viewModel.chatPendingToolCalls.collectAsState()
  val cronStatus by viewModel.cronStatus.collectAsState()
  val usageSummary by viewModel.usageSummary.collectAsState()
@@ -1373,6 +1377,7 @@ private fun SettingsShellScreen(
  val dreamingSummary by viewModel.dreamingSummary.collectAsState()
  val appearanceThemeMode by viewModel.appearanceThemeMode.collectAsState()
  val readyProviderCount = providerRows(providers = providers, models = models).count { it.ready }
+  val pendingApprovalsCount = execApprovals.size + pendingToolCalls.size

  LaunchedEffect(isConnected) {
    if (isConnected) {
@@ -1384,6 +1389,7 @@ private fun SettingsShellScreen(
      viewModel.refreshNodesDevices()
      viewModel.refreshChannels()
      viewModel.refreshDreaming()
+      viewModel.refreshExecApprovals()
    }
  }

@@ -1430,7 +1436,7 @@ private fun SettingsShellScreen(
            status = if (isConnected) readyProviderCount > 0 else false,
            route = SettingsRoute.ProvidersModels,
          ),
-          SettingsRow("Approvals", approvalsSummary(pendingToolCalls.size), Icons.Default.Lock, status = approvalsStatus(pendingToolCalls.size), route = SettingsRoute.Approvals),
+          SettingsRow("Approvals", approvalsSummary(pendingApprovalsCount), Icons.Default.Lock, status = approvalsStatus(pendingApprovalsCount), route = SettingsRoute.Approvals),
          SettingsRow("Cron Jobs", cronJobsSummary(cronStatus.jobs), Icons.Outlined.AccessTime, status = if (cronStatus.jobs > 0) cronStatus.enabled else null, route = SettingsRoute.CronJobs),
          SettingsRow("Usage", usageSummaryText(usageSummary.providers.size), Icons.Default.Storage, status = if (usageSummary.providers.isNotEmpty()) true else null, route = SettingsRoute.Usage),
          SettingsRow("Skills", skillsSummaryText(skillsSummary.skills), Icons.Default.Settings, status = skillsStatus(skillsSummary.skills), route = SettingsRoute.Skills),
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+package ai.openclaw.app
+
+import ai.openclaw.app.node.asObjectOrNull
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.Json
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertNull
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Test
+
+class GatewayExecApprovalParsingTest {
+  private val json = Json { ignoreUnknownKeys = true }
+
+  @Test
+  fun parsesGatewayExecApprovalListPayload() {
+    val rows =
+      parseGatewayExecApprovalListPayload(
+        """
+        [
+          {
+            "id": "approval-2",
+            "createdAtMs": 20,
+            "expiresAtMs": 120,
+            "request": {
+              "host": "node",
+              "nodeId": "node-1",
+              "agentId": "agent-1",
+              "command": "Sanitized command",
+              "commandPreview": "Sanitized preview",
+              "systemRunPlan": {
+                "commandText": "/bin/sh -lc 'echo secret'",
+                "commandPreview": "echo secret"
+              },
+              "allowedDecisions": ["allow-once", "deny"]
+            }
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "approval-1",
+            "createdAtMs": 10,
+            "expiresAtMs": 110,
+            "request": {
+              "host": "gateway",
+              "command": "pnpm test --token secret",
+              "commandPreview": "pnpm test",
+              "unavailableDecisions": ["allow-always"]
+            }
+          }
+        ]
+        """.trimIndent(),
+        json,
+      )
+
+    assertEquals(listOf("approval-1", "approval-2"), rows.map { it.id })
+    assertEquals("pnpm test --token secret", rows[0].commandText)
+    assertEquals("pnpm test", rows[0].commandPreview)
+    assertEquals(emptyList<String>(), rows[0].allowedDecisions)
+    assertEquals("Sanitized command", rows[1].commandText)
+    assertEquals("Sanitized preview", rows[1].commandPreview)
+    assertEquals("node-1", rows[1].nodeId)
+    assertEquals("agent-1", rows[1].agentId)
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun parsesGatewayExecApprovalGetPayload() {
+    val root =
+      json
+        .parseToJsonElement(
+          """
+          {
+            "id": "approval-1",
+            "commandText": "rm -rf build",
+            "commandPreview": "rm build",
+            "allowedDecisions": ["allow-once", "allow-always", "deny"],
+            "host": "gateway",
+            "nodeId": null,
+            "agentId": "agent-main",
+            "expiresAtMs": 200
+          }
+          """.trimIndent(),
+        ).asObjectOrNull()
+
+    requireNotNull(root)
+    val row = parseGatewayExecApprovalDetail(root, createdAtMs = 100)
+
+    requireNotNull(row)
+    assertEquals("approval-1", row.id)
+    assertEquals("rm -rf build", row.commandText)
+    assertEquals("rm build", row.commandPreview)
+    assertEquals(listOf("allow-once", "allow-always", "deny"), row.allowedDecisions)
+    assertEquals("gateway", row.host)
+    assertNull(row.nodeId)
+    assertEquals("agent-main", row.agentId)
+    assertEquals(100L, row.createdAtMs)
+    assertEquals(200L, row.expiresAtMs)
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun ignoresMalformedGatewayExecApprovalListPayload() {
+    assertTrue(parseGatewayExecApprovalListPayload("""{"approvals":[]}""", json).isEmpty())
+    assertTrue(parseGatewayExecApprovalListPayload("not json", json).isEmpty())
+  }
+}