refactor(app): keep the SSH contract schemas out of the renderer

The Effect schemas move to servers/ssh/schema.ts, imported by the desktop main process for its RPC server; the renderer gets types only. The SSH attempt controller tracks its one in-flight request per server with a cancellation flag instead of Effect fibers, with the same settle-on-cancel behaviour.
refactor(app): port the model selection and terminal stores to plain codecs
2026-09-22 16:47:34 +00:00 · 2026-09-20 16:37:02 +10:00 · 2026-09-20 16:37:02 +10:00 · 2026-09-20 16:37:01 +10:00 · 2026-09-20 16:37:00 +10:00 · 2026-09-20 16:37:00 +10:00
227 changed files with 3875 additions and 7069 deletions
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
    },
    "packages/ai": {
      "name": "@opencode/ai",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@aws-sdk/credential-providers": "3.1057.0",
        "@opencode/schema": "workspace:*",
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
    },
    "packages/app": {
      "name": "@opencode/app",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@corvu/drawer": "catalog:",
        "@dnd-kit/abstract": "0.5.0",
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
    },
    "packages/cli": {
      "name": "@opencode/cli",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "bin": {
        "opencode2": "./bin/opencode2.cjs",
      },
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
    },
    "packages/client": {
      "name": "@opencode/client",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@opencode/protocol": "workspace:*",
        "@opencode/schema": "workspace:*",
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@
    },
    "packages/codemode": {
      "name": "@opencode/codemode",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "acorn": "8.15.0",
        "effect": "catalog:",
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@
    },
    "packages/console/app": {
      "name": "@opencode/console-app",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@cloudflare/vite-plugin": "1.15.2",
        "@ibm/plex": "6.4.1",
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@
    },
    "packages/console/core": {
      "name": "@opencode/console-core",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@aws-sdk/client-sts": "3.782.0",
        "@jsx-email/render": "1.1.1",
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@
    },
    "packages/console/function": {
      "name": "@opencode/console-function",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@openauthjs/openauth": "0.0.0-20250322224806",
        "@opencode/console-core": "workspace:*",
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@
    },
    "packages/console/mail": {
      "name": "@opencode/console-mail",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@jsx-email/all": "2.2.3",
        "@jsx-email/cli": "1.4.3",
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@
    },
    "packages/console/support": {
      "name": "@opencode/console-support",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@cloudflare/vite-plugin": "1.15.2",
        "@opencode/console-core": "workspace:*",
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@
    },
    "packages/core": {
      "name": "@opencode/core",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@ai-sdk/cohere": "3.0.27",
        "@ai-sdk/gateway": "3.0.104",
@@ -406,10 +406,10 @@
    },
    "packages/desktop": {
      "name": "@opencode/desktop",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@zip.js/zip.js": "2.7.62",
-        "electron-context-menu": "5.0.0",
+        "electron-context-menu": "4.1.2",
        "electron-log": "^5",
        "electron-updater": "6.8.9",
        "lighthouse": "13.4.1",
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@
        "drizzle-kit": "catalog:",
        "drizzle-orm": "catalog:",
        "effect": "catalog:",
-        "electron": "44.4.3",
+        "electron": "42.10.1",
        "electron-builder": "26.15.7",
        "electron-vite": "6.0.0-beta.1",
        "puppeteer-core": "25.9.0",
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@
    },
    "packages/enterprise": {
      "name": "@opencode/enterprise",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@hono/standard-validator": "catalog:",
        "@opencode-ai/sdk": "1.18.21",
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@
    },
    "packages/function": {
      "name": "@opencode/function",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@octokit/auth-app": "8.0.1",
        "@octokit/rest": "catalog:",
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@
    },
    "packages/http-recorder": {
      "name": "@opencode/http-recorder",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@effect/platform-node-shared": "4.0.0-rc.112",
      },
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@
    },
    "packages/httpapi-codegen": {
      "name": "@opencode/httpapi-codegen",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "effect": "catalog:",
        "prettier": "3.6.2",
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@
    },
    "packages/latex": {
      "name": "@opencode/latex",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@opencode/plugin": "workspace:*",
        "@opentui/core": "catalog:",
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@
    },
    "packages/merman": {
      "name": "@opencode/merman",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@opencode/plugin": "workspace:*",
        "@opentui/core": "catalog:",
@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@
    },
    "packages/plugin": {
      "name": "@opencode/plugin",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@ai-sdk/provider": "3.0.8",
        "@opencode/ai": "workspace:*",
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@
    },
    "packages/plugin-browser": {
      "name": "@opencode/plugin-browser",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@opencode/plugin": "workspace:*",
        "@opencode/schema": "workspace:*",
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@
    },
    "packages/protocol": {
      "name": "@opencode/protocol",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@opencode/schema": "workspace:*",
        "effect": "catalog:",
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@
    },
    "packages/schema": {
      "name": "@opencode/schema",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@standard-schema/spec": "catalog:",
        "effect": "catalog:",
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@
    },
    "packages/sdk": {
      "name": "@opencode/sdk",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@opencode/client": "workspace:*",
        "@opencode/core": "workspace:*",
@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@
    },
    "packages/server": {
      "name": "@opencode/server",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@effect/platform-node": "catalog:",
        "@effect/platform-node-shared": "catalog:",
@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@
    },
    "packages/session-ui": {
      "name": "@opencode/session-ui",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@kobalte/core": "catalog:",
        "@opencode/client": "workspace:*",
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@
    },
    "packages/simulation": {
      "name": "@opencode/simulation",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@opencode/ai": "workspace:*",
        "@opencode/core": "workspace:*",
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@
    },
    "packages/stats/app": {
      "name": "@opencode/stats-app",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@ibm/plex": "6.4.1",
        "@kobalte/core": "catalog:",
@@ -809,7 +809,7 @@
    },
    "packages/stats/core": {
      "name": "@opencode/stats-core",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@aws-sdk/client-athena": "3.933.0",
        "@planetscale/database": "1.19.0",
@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@
    },
    "packages/stats/server": {
      "name": "@opencode/stats-server",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@aws-sdk/client-firehose": "3.933.0",
        "@effect/platform-node": "catalog:",
@@ -874,7 +874,7 @@
    },
    "packages/theme": {
      "name": "@opencode/theme",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@opentui/core": "catalog:",
        "effect": "catalog:",
@@ -888,7 +888,7 @@
    },
    "packages/tui": {
      "name": "@opencode/tui",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@opencode/client": "workspace:*",
        "@opencode/core": "workspace:*",
@@ -923,7 +923,7 @@
    },
    "packages/ui": {
      "name": "@opencode/ui",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@kobalte/core": "catalog:",
        "@pierre/diffs": "catalog:",
@@ -958,7 +958,7 @@
    },
    "packages/util": {
      "name": "@opencode/util",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@effect/opentelemetry": "catalog:",
        "@effect/platform-node": "catalog:",
@@ -991,7 +991,7 @@
    },
    "packages/web": {
      "name": "@opencode/web",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@astrojs/cloudflare": "12.6.3",
        "@astrojs/markdown-remark": "6.3.1",
@@ -1032,7 +1032,7 @@
    },
    "services/update": {
      "name": "@opencode/update",
-      "version": "2.0.12",
+      "version": "2.0.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "jose": "6.0.11",
        "semver": "catalog:",
@@ -3880,13 +3880,13 @@

    "ejs": ["ejs@3.1.10", "", { "dependencies": { "jake": "^10.8.5" }, "bin": { "ejs": "bin/cli.js" } }, "sha512-UeJmFfOrAQS8OJWPZ4qtgHyWExa088/MtK5UEyoJGFH67cDEXkZSviOiKRCZ4Xij0zxI3JECgYs3oKx+AizQBA=="],

-    "electron": ["electron@44.4.3", "", { "dependencies": { "@electron-internal/extract-zip": "^1.0.1", "@electron/get": "^5.0.0", "@types/node": "^24.9.0" }, "bin": { "electron": "cli.js", "install-electron": "install.js" } }, "sha512-LTpSFTB40qVCXIX5xMo+cgHI/Jjkbjw7VpB26PccEbroqOn72LBukeaDwPVo1fBYzSzs0c9iPuAucFCO7Tw81Q=="],
+    "electron": ["electron@42.10.1", "", { "dependencies": { "@electron-internal/extract-zip": "^1.0.1", "@electron/get": "^5.0.0", "@types/node": "^24.9.0" }, "bin": { "electron": "cli.js", "install-electron": "install.js" } }, "sha512-ITc1HPeoDzsxCCaH6MFsN67Nq2nUiJf5N9pBWxzhUpFfKJF0IwiAkKT3emg1lPbvC4OfFE+Cdwe4vhgdOZ1YKg=="],

    "electron-builder": ["electron-builder@26.15.7", "", { "dependencies": { "app-builder-lib": "26.15.7", "builder-util": "26.15.3", "builder-util-runtime": "9.7.0", "chalk": "^4.1.2", "ci-info": "^4.2.0", "dmg-builder": "26.15.7", "fs-extra": "^10.1.0", "lazy-val": "^1.0.5", "simple-update-notifier": "2.0.0", "yargs": "^17.6.2" }, "bin": { "electron-builder": "./cli.js", "install-app-deps": "./install-app-deps.js" } }, "sha512-DBpaNzxsPs1BvEblzFoNriSbzsBqDCy/gseIngeEhYzQG1IxfB7Hvc2tBBVmpWE2BTQGP9J1RrAvDT+Vc/uAxg=="],

    "electron-builder-squirrel-windows": ["electron-builder-squirrel-windows@26.15.7", "", { "dependencies": { "app-builder-lib": "26.15.7", "builder-util": "26.15.3", "electron-winstaller": "5.4.0" } }, "sha512-B4uvn2NzFSuf084udWqugludFull6CRJiWe2dLzMnZLl6G5hdAGk0fsBMGlBSpKjvQCJn8IPc+S7OnJ+GXqwLA=="],

-    "electron-context-menu": ["electron-context-menu@5.0.0", "", { "dependencies": { "cli-truncate": "^4.0.0", "electron-dl": "^4.0.0", "electron-is-dev": "^3.0.1" } }, "sha512-rgFpRtwY0/rhsRCoz9rE6VM4WueEsLbIpca7ucOhERVrbGB2dQrxa9xwBNLplU54jRgPuv6nTEbxoplE5bzy2A=="],
+    "electron-context-menu": ["electron-context-menu@4.1.2", "", { "dependencies": { "cli-truncate": "^4.0.0", "electron-dl": "^4.0.0", "electron-is-dev": "^3.0.1" } }, "sha512-9xYTUV0oRqKL50N9W71IrXNdVRB0LuBp3R1zkUdUc2wfIa2/QZwYYj5RLuO7Tn7ZSLVIaO3X6u+EIBK+cBvzrQ=="],

    "electron-dl": ["electron-dl@4.0.0", "", { "dependencies": { "ext-name": "^5.0.0", "pupa": "^3.1.0", "unused-filename": "^4.0.1" } }, "sha512-USiB9816d2JzKv0LiSbreRfTg5lDk3lWh0vlx/gugCO92ZIJkHVH0UM18EHvKeadErP6Xn4yiTphWzYfbA2Ong=="],

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 {
  "nodeModules": {
-    "x86_64-linux": "sha256-/jah4P2a0aGJNJ0aMdlFEbGHAXx33lqxHbc7UmpLFDg=",
-    "aarch64-linux": "sha256-L3SoZ24qNXicsE2FK6LATQjOmjPxY679RjugrUyO/1Y=",
-    "aarch64-darwin": "sha256-pI9NT8KWUPi+JCk6DYMqIAYmBqTbi13uL4VdNV3WS6Y=",
-    "x86_64-darwin": "sha256-rMAGhTTz46KA5Ya7E5J0af7Bn1QzTDhTaNfNJm8qfsw="
+    "x86_64-linux": "sha256-8mOzCscBAuogG4tm8CroqjTX5E5yzCvTobbhKvxQP0U=",
+    "aarch64-linux": "sha256-drrRSpzxC8bfaTXBpOyaN0QAyBVV7WJzm0NstJ+8sAE=",
+    "aarch64-darwin": "sha256-YY5A/zxLPONvgnI+DZlzcD2K5Q9PIw4F2YbDxKbT4UU=",
+    "x86_64-darwin": "sha256-/c/Ew4onA+9+l6GRKXz3zWq3QFESM7j5RyGLCWRPQFw="
  }
 }
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "opencode",
  "description": "AI-powered development tool",
-  "version": "2.0.12",
+  "version": "2.0.10",
  "private": true,
  "type": "module",
  "packageManager": "bun@1.4.2",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
-  "version": "2.0.12",
+  "version": "2.0.10",
  "name": "@opencode/ai",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
@@ -19,13 +19,6 @@ export function mountBrowserPane() {
      session: "Alpha",
      mounted: true,
      visible: true,
-      url: undefined as string | undefined,
-      loading: false,
-      generation: 0,
-      delayNavigation: false,
-      pendingURL: undefined as string | undefined,
-      loadErrors: {} as Record<string, string | undefined>,
-      error: undefined as string | undefined,
      layouts: {} as Record<string, BrowserPaneLayout | undefined>,
    })
    const tabs = ["Alpha", "Beta"].map((name) => ({
@@ -54,33 +47,13 @@ export function mountBrowserPane() {
      opened: () => !!registrations.get(store.session),
      state: () => ({ tabs: tabs.filter((tab) => tab.title === store.session), focusedTabID: null }),
      tabs: () => tabs.filter((tab) => tab.title === store.session),
-      active: () => {
-        const tab = tabs.find((tab) => tab.title === store.session) ?? tabs[0]
-        return {
-          ...tab,
-          url: store.url ?? tab.url,
-          loading: store.loading,
-          generation: store.generation,
-          loadError: store.loadErrors[store.session],
-        }
-      },
+      active: () => tabs.find((tab) => tab.title === store.session) ?? tabs[0],
      registration: () => registrations.get(store.session),
-      error: () => store.error ?? (store.loadErrors[store.session] ? "Request failed" : undefined),
+      error: () => undefined,
      suspended: () => false,
      close: () => undefined,
      open: () => undefined,
-      command: (command) => {
-        setStore("error", undefined)
-        if (command.type === "navigate" || command.type === "reload") setStore("loadErrors", store.session, undefined)
-        if (command.type === "navigate") {
-          if (store.delayNavigation) {
-            setStore("pendingURL", command.url)
-            return
-          }
-          setStore({ url: command.url, loading: false, generation: store.generation + 1 })
-        }
-        if (command.type === "stop") setStore("loading", false)
-      },
+      command: () => undefined,
    }
    return (
      <>
@@ -91,32 +64,6 @@ export function mountBrowserPane() {
            {(name) => <button onClick={() => setStore({ session: name, mounted: name !== "Empty" })}>{name}</button>}
          </For>
          <button onClick={() => setStore("mounted", false)}>Unmount pane</button>
-          <button onClick={() => setStore({ url: "about:blank", loading: false })}>Blank page</button>
-          <button onClick={() => setStore({ url: "about:blank", loading: true })}>Loading page</button>
-          <button
-            onClick={() =>
-              setStore({ loading: true, generation: store.generation + 1, loadErrors: { [store.session]: undefined } })
-            }
-          >
-            Load current page
-          </button>
-          <button onClick={() => setStore("loadErrors", store.session, "ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED")}>Failed page</button>
-          <button onClick={() => setStore("delayNavigation", true)}>Delay navigation</button>
-          <button onClick={() => setStore({ error: "ERR_BLOCKED_BY_CLIENT", pendingURL: undefined })}>
-            Block navigation
-          </button>
-          <button
-            onClick={() =>
-              setStore({
-                url: store.pendingURL,
-                pendingURL: undefined,
-                loading: false,
-                generation: store.generation + 1,
-              })
-            }
-          >
-            Complete navigation
-          </button>
          <button onClick={() => setStore("visible", (visible) => !visible)}>Toggle Review tab</button>
        </nav>
        <div style={{ width: "640px", height: "360px", border: "1px solid #555" }}>
@@ -57,153 +57,3 @@ story("hides the native view immediately while the pane stays mounted", async ({
  await toggle.click()
  await expect(root.getByTestId("native-Alpha")).toHaveAttribute("data-visible", "true")
 })
-
-story("shows the empty state over a blank native page and restores navigation", async ({ page }) => {
-  const root = page.getByTestId("browser-pane-fixture")
-  await root.getByRole("button", { name: "Blank page", exact: true }).click()
-  await expect(root.getByText("Enter URL", { exact: true })).toBeVisible()
-  await expect(root.getByText('Or prompt "Open in the app browser"', { exact: true })).toBeVisible()
-  await expect(root.getByTestId("native-Alpha")).toHaveAttribute("data-visible", "false")
-  await expect(root.getByRole("button", { name: "Reload", exact: true })).toBeDisabled()
-
-  const address = root.getByRole("textbox", { name: "Browser address", exact: true })
-  await address.fill("https://example.com/")
-  await expect(root.getByText("Enter URL", { exact: true })).toBeVisible()
-  await address.press("Enter")
-  await expect(address).not.toBeFocused()
-  await expect(root.getByText("Enter URL", { exact: true })).toBeHidden()
-  await expect(root.getByTestId("native-Alpha")).toHaveAttribute("data-visible", "true")
-  await expect(root.getByRole("button", { name: "Reload", exact: true })).toBeEnabled()
-})
-
-story("keeps Stop available and hides the empty state while a blank page loads", async ({ page }) => {
-  const root = page.getByTestId("browser-pane-fixture")
-  await root.getByRole("button", { name: "Loading page", exact: true }).click()
-  await expect(root.getByText("Enter URL", { exact: true })).toBeHidden()
-  await root.getByRole("button", { name: "Stop", exact: true }).click()
-  await expect(root.getByText("Enter URL", { exact: true })).toBeVisible()
-  await expect(root.getByTestId("native-Alpha")).toHaveAttribute("data-visible", "false")
-})
-
-story("keeps the submitted URL visible until the browser reports navigation", async ({ page }) => {
-  const root = page.getByTestId("browser-pane-fixture")
-  await root.getByRole("button", { name: "Blank page", exact: true }).click()
-  await root.getByRole("button", { name: "Delay navigation", exact: true }).click()
-  const address = root.getByRole("textbox", { name: "Browser address", exact: true })
-  await address.fill("https://example.com/")
-  await address.press("Enter")
-  await expect(address).not.toBeFocused()
-  await expect(address).toHaveValue("https://example.com/")
-  await expect(root.getByText("Enter URL", { exact: true })).toBeHidden()
-
-  await root.getByRole("button", { name: "Complete navigation", exact: true }).click()
-  await expect(root.getByTestId("native-Alpha")).toHaveAttribute("data-visible", "true")
-  await expect(address).toHaveValue("https://example.com/")
-
-  await address.fill("https://unsubmitted.example/")
-  await root.getByRole("button", { name: "Delay navigation", exact: true }).click()
-  await expect(address).toHaveValue("https://example.com/")
-})
-
-story("restores the current URL when a submitted navigation is blocked", async ({ page }) => {
-  const root = page.getByTestId("browser-pane-fixture")
-  await root.getByRole("button", { name: "Delay navigation", exact: true }).click()
-  const address = root.getByRole("textbox", { name: "Browser address", exact: true })
-  await address.fill("https://blocked.example/")
-  await address.press("Enter")
-  await expect(address).toHaveValue("https://blocked.example/")
-  await root.getByRole("button", { name: "Block navigation", exact: true }).click()
-  await expect(root.getByText("ERR_BLOCKED_BY_CLIENT", { exact: true })).toBeVisible()
-  await expect(address).toHaveValue("https://alpha.example/")
-  await expect(root.getByTestId("native-Alpha")).toHaveAttribute("data-visible", "true")
-})
-
-story("shows a themed failure state for only the failed tab and allows retry", async ({ page }) => {
-  const root = page.getByTestId("browser-pane-fixture")
-  await root.getByRole("button", { name: "Failed page", exact: true }).click()
-  await expect(root.getByText("URL can't be reached", { exact: true })).toBeVisible()
-  await expect(root.getByText("Check the URL and your connection, then try again.", { exact: true })).toBeVisible()
-  await expect(root.getByText("Request failed", { exact: true })).toBeHidden()
-  await expect(root.getByTestId("native-Alpha")).toHaveAttribute("data-visible", "false")
-  await expect(root.getByRole("textbox", { name: "Browser address", exact: true })).toHaveValue(
-    "https://alpha.example/",
-  )
-
-  await root.getByRole("button", { name: "Beta", exact: true }).click()
-  await expect(root.getByText("URL can't be reached", { exact: true })).toBeHidden()
-  await expect(root.getByTestId("native-Beta")).toHaveAttribute("data-visible", "true")
-  await root.getByRole("button", { name: "Alpha", exact: true }).click()
-  await expect(root.getByText("URL can't be reached", { exact: true })).toBeVisible()
-
-  await root.getByRole("button", { name: "Reload", exact: true }).click()
-  await expect(root.getByText("URL can't be reached", { exact: true })).toBeHidden()
-  await expect(root.getByTestId("native-Alpha")).toHaveAttribute("data-visible", "true")
-})
-
-story("returns a failed tab to the empty state when an empty URL is submitted", async ({ page }) => {
-  const root = page.getByTestId("browser-pane-fixture")
-  await root.getByRole("button", { name: "Failed page", exact: true }).click()
-  await expect(root.getByText("URL can't be reached", { exact: true })).toBeVisible()
-  await root.getByRole("button", { name: "Delay navigation", exact: true }).click()
-
-  const address = root.getByRole("textbox", { name: "Browser address", exact: true })
-  await address.fill("")
-  await address.press("Enter")
-  await expect(address).not.toBeFocused()
-  await expect(address).toHaveValue("")
-  await root.getByRole("button", { name: "Load current page", exact: true }).click()
-  await expect(root.getByRole("button", { name: "Stop", exact: true })).toBeEnabled()
-  await root.getByRole("button", { name: "Complete navigation", exact: true }).click()
-  await expect(root.getByText("URL can't be reached", { exact: true })).toBeHidden()
-  await expect(root.getByText("Enter URL", { exact: true })).toBeVisible()
-  await expect(root.getByRole("button", { name: "Reload", exact: true })).toBeDisabled()
-  await expect(root.getByTestId("native-Alpha")).toHaveAttribute("data-visible", "false")
-})
-
-story("selects the full URL when the address field gains focus", async ({ page }) => {
-  const root = page.getByTestId("browser-pane-fixture")
-  const address = root.getByRole("textbox", { name: "Browser address", exact: true })
-  await address.click()
-  await expect(address).toHaveJSProperty("selectionStart", 0)
-  await expect(address).toHaveJSProperty("selectionEnd", "https://alpha.example/".length)
-  await address.pressSequentially("https://example.com/")
-  await expect(address).toHaveValue("https://example.com/")
-  await address.press("Enter")
-  await expect(address).not.toBeFocused()
-  await address.focus()
-  await expect(address).toHaveJSProperty("selectionStart", 0)
-  await expect(address).toHaveJSProperty("selectionEnd", "https://example.com/".length)
-  await address.press("ArrowRight")
-  await address.click()
-  await expect(address).toHaveJSProperty("selectionStart", 0)
-  await expect(address).toHaveJSProperty("selectionEnd", "https://example.com/".length)
-})
-
-story("keeps the current page visible while a submitted URL loads", async ({ page }) => {
-  const root = page.getByTestId("browser-pane-fixture")
-  await root.getByRole("button", { name: "Delay navigation", exact: true }).click()
-  const address = root.getByRole("textbox", { name: "Browser address", exact: true })
-  await address.fill("https://example.com/")
-  await address.press("Enter")
-  await expect(root.getByTestId("native-Alpha")).toHaveAttribute("data-visible", "true")
-  await expect(address).toHaveValue("https://example.com/")
-
-  await root.getByRole("button", { name: "Load current page", exact: true }).click()
-  await expect(root.getByRole("button", { name: "Stop", exact: true })).toBeEnabled()
-  await expect(root.getByTestId("native-Alpha")).toHaveAttribute("data-visible", "true")
-  await root.getByRole("button", { name: "Complete navigation", exact: true }).click()
-  await expect(root.getByTestId("native-Alpha")).toHaveAttribute("data-visible", "true")
-  await expect(address).toHaveValue("https://example.com/")
-})
-
-story("keeps the current page and restores its URL when an empty address is submitted", async ({ page }) => {
-  const root = page.getByTestId("browser-pane-fixture")
-  const address = root.getByRole("textbox", { name: "Browser address", exact: true })
-  await address.fill("")
-  await address.press("Enter")
-  await expect(address).not.toBeFocused()
-  await expect(address).toHaveValue("https://alpha.example/")
-  await expect(root.getByTestId("native-Alpha")).toHaveAttribute("data-visible", "true")
-  await expect(root.getByText("Enter URL", { exact: true })).toBeHidden()
-  await expect(root.getByRole("button", { name: "Reload", exact: true })).toBeEnabled()
-})
@@ -17,12 +17,14 @@ const milestones = [
  "electronSpawnStarted",
  "debugEndpointReady",
  "electronStarted",
-  "layersReady",
-  "windowVisible",
  "serviceEnsureStarted",
  "serviceSpawnRequested",
  "serviceReady",
+  "backgroundLoadingReady",
  "rendererViteConnected",
+  "rendererInitializationStarted",
+  "rendererInitializationReady",
+  "windowVisible",
  "homeReady",
 ] as const
 const phases = [
@@ -126,12 +128,14 @@ const milestonePatterns: ReadonlyArray<{ name: Milestone; text: string }> = [
  { name: "electronSpawnStarted", text: "starting electron app..." },
  { name: "debugEndpointReady", text: "DevTools listening on ws://" },
  { name: "electronStarted", text: "app starting" },
-  { name: "layersReady", text: "layers ready" },
-  { name: "windowVisible", text: "main window visible" },
  { name: "serviceEnsureStarted", text: "starting v2 background service" },
  { name: "serviceSpawnRequested", text: "v2 CLI background service starting" },
  { name: "serviceReady", text: "v2 CLI background service ready" },
+  { name: "backgroundLoadingReady", text: "loading task finished" },
  { name: "rendererViteConnected", text: "[vite] connected." },
+  { name: "rendererInitializationStarted", text: "awaiting server ready" },
+  { name: "rendererInitializationReady", text: "server ready" },
+  { name: "windowVisible", text: "main window visible" },
 ]

 async function createColdProfile() {
@@ -400,12 +404,14 @@ function requireMilestones(observed: Partial<Record<Milestone, number>>) {
    electronSpawnStarted: get("electronSpawnStarted"),
    debugEndpointReady: get("debugEndpointReady"),
    electronStarted: get("electronStarted"),
-    layersReady: get("layersReady"),
-    windowVisible: get("windowVisible"),
    serviceEnsureStarted: get("serviceEnsureStarted"),
    serviceSpawnRequested: get("serviceSpawnRequested"),
    serviceReady: get("serviceReady"),
+    backgroundLoadingReady: get("backgroundLoadingReady"),
    rendererViteConnected: get("rendererViteConnected"),
+    rendererInitializationStarted: get("rendererInitializationStarted"),
+    rendererInitializationReady: get("rendererInitializationReady"),
+    windowVisible: get("windowVisible"),
    homeReady: get("homeReady"),
  }
 }
@@ -20,12 +20,14 @@ describe("desktop startup benchmark", () => {
      ["electronSpawnStarted", "starting electron app..."],
      ["debugEndpointReady", "DevTools listening on ws://"],
      ["electronStarted", "app starting"],
-      ["layersReady", "layers ready"],
-      ["windowVisible", "main window visible"],
      ["serviceEnsureStarted", "starting v2 background service"],
      ["serviceSpawnRequested", "v2 CLI background service starting"],
      ["serviceReady", "v2 CLI background service ready"],
+      ["backgroundLoadingReady", "loading task finished"],
      ["rendererViteConnected", "[vite] connected."],
+      ["rendererInitializationStarted", "awaiting server ready"],
+      ["rendererInitializationReady", "server ready"],
+      ["windowVisible", "main window visible"],
    ] as const
    cases.forEach(([milestone, line]) => {
      expect(milestoneForLine(`\u001b[32m${line}\u001b[39m`)).toBe(milestone)
@@ -56,12 +58,14 @@ function sample(run: number, commandToHomeReadyMs: number): DesktopStartupSample
    electronSpawnStarted: 7,
    debugEndpointReady: 8,
    electronStarted: 9,
-    layersReady: 10,
-    windowVisible: 11,
-    serviceEnsureStarted: 12,
-    serviceSpawnRequested: 13,
-    serviceReady: 14,
-    rendererViteConnected: 15,
+    serviceEnsureStarted: 10,
+    serviceSpawnRequested: 11,
+    serviceReady: 12,
+    backgroundLoadingReady: 13,
+    rendererViteConnected: 14,
+    rendererInitializationStarted: 15,
+    rendererInitializationReady: 16,
+    windowVisible: 17,
    homeReady: commandToHomeReadyMs,
  }
  return {
@@ -76,8 +80,8 @@ function sample(run: number, commandToHomeReadyMs: number): DesktopStartupSample
      electronStartup: 2,
      serviceSpawnWait: 1,
      serviceProcessStartup: 1,
-      rendererStartup: commandToHomeReadyMs - 15,
-      visibleWindowToHome: commandToHomeReadyMs - 11,
+      rendererStartup: commandToHomeReadyMs - 14,
+      visibleWindowToHome: commandToHomeReadyMs - 17,
    },
    service: { version: "2.0.0-local-test", url: "http://127.0.0.1:3000", pid: run },
  }
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ for (const direction of ["ltr", "rtl"] as const) {
    const shifted = await content.evaluate((element) => getComputedStyle(element).translate)
    await content.evaluate((element) => element.setAttribute("data-summary-motion", ""))
    // Keep issuing resize events before the idle timer expires, including crossing the width cutoff.
-    for (const width of [1520, 1280, 1800]) {
+    for (const width of [1520, 1280, 1600]) {
      await page.setViewportSize({ width, height: 900 })
      await expect(panel).toHaveAttribute("data-summary-resizing", "true")
      await page.clock.runFor(100)
@@ -84,7 +84,6 @@ for (const direction of ["ltr", "rtl"] as const) {
    await expect(content).toHaveAttribute("data-summary-motion", "transitionrun,transitionend,")
    await expect(content).not.toHaveCSS("translate", shifted)
    await page.setViewportSize({ width: 1440, height: 900 })
-    await expect(panel).toHaveAttribute("data-summary-resizing", "false")
    await expect(content).toHaveCSS("translate", shifted)

    await content.evaluate((element) => element.setAttribute("data-summary-motion", ""))
@@ -113,8 +112,7 @@ for (const direction of ["ltr", "rtl"] as const) {
    await expect(summary).toBeVisible()

    await page.setViewportSize({ width: 1800, height: 900 })
-    await expect(panel).toHaveAttribute("data-summary-resizing", "false")
-    await expect(content).toHaveCSS("translate", "none")
+    await expect(content).toHaveCSS("translate", "0px")
    await expect(summary).toBeVisible()

    await page.emulateMedia({ reducedMotion: "reduce" })
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ test("single-server settings expose scoped pages without a server picker", async
  await expect(connection.getByRole("heading", { name: "Connection", exact: true })).toBeVisible()
  await expect(connection.locator('[data-component="settings-list"]')).toHaveCSS("padding-left", "16px")
  await expect(connection.locator(".settings-servers-row")).toHaveCSS("padding-top", "20px")
-  await expect(connection.locator(".settings-servers-lead")).toHaveCSS("column-gap", "10px")
+  await expect(connection.locator(".settings-servers-lead")).toHaveCSS("column-gap", "4px")
  await expect(connection.locator(".settings-servers-copy")).toHaveCSS("row-gap", "6px")
  await expect(settings.getByRole("heading", { name: "Preferences", exact: true })).toBeVisible()
  await expect(settings.getByText("Terminal shell", { exact: true })).toBeVisible()
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@opencode/app",
-  "version": "2.0.12",
+  "version": "2.0.10",
  "description": "",
  "type": "module",
  "exports": {
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
    "./i18n/desktop-native": "./src/runtime/i18n/desktop-native.ts",
    "./updater": "./src/shell/updates/types.ts",
    "./wsl/types": "./src/servers/wsl/types.ts",
-    "./ssh": "./src/servers/ssh/types.ts",
+    "./ssh": "./src/servers/ssh/types.ts",
+    "./ssh/schema": "./src/servers/ssh/schema.ts",
    "./vite": "./vite.js",
    "./index.css": "./src/index.css"
  },
@@ -94,3 +95,4 @@
    "tailwindcss": "4.3.3"
  }
 }
+
@@ -3,7 +3,19 @@ import { checksum } from "@opencode/util/encode"
 import { SessionMessage } from "@opencode/schema/session-message"
 import { Skill } from "@opencode/schema/skill"
 import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
-import { FileSelection, SelectedLineRange } from "@/workspaces/files/types"
+// Effect twins of workspaces/files/types until this module moves to plain codecs.
+const SelectedLineRange = Persistence.struct({
+  start: Schema.Number,
+  end: Schema.Number,
+  side: Persistence.optional(Schema.Literals(["additions", "deletions"])),
+  endSide: Persistence.optional(Schema.Literals(["additions", "deletions"])),
+})
+const FileSelection = Persistence.struct({
+  startLine: Schema.Number,
+  startChar: Schema.Number,
+  endLine: Schema.Number,
+  endChar: Schema.Number,
+})

 const PartBase = {
  content: Schema.String,
@@ -228,3 +240,5 @@ export const PromptHistoryEntry = Schema.Union([HistoryEntry, HistoryPrompt]).pi
 export type PromptHistoryEntry = typeof PromptHistoryEntry.Type

 export const PromptHistoryState = Persistence.struct({ entries: Persistence.array(PromptHistoryEntry) })
+
+
@@ -11,15 +11,15 @@ import { Persist, persisted } from "@/runtime/persistence/storage"
 import { showToast } from "@/shell/notifications/toast"
 import { useDialog } from "@opencode/ui/context/dialog"
 import { createResource } from "solid-js"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
+
 import type { HomeController } from "../model"
 import { useGlobal } from "@/runtime/server/runtime"
-import { SessionTransfer } from "@opencode/schema/session-transfer"
+
 import { useSshAuthenticate } from "@/servers/ssh/authenticate"

-export const HomeServersSchema = Schema.Struct({
-  collapsed: Persistence.record(Persistence.fallback(Schema.Boolean, () => false)),
+export const HomeServersSchema = Codec.struct({
+  collapsed: Codec.lenientRecord(Codec.fallback(Codec.boolean, () => false)),
 })

 export function createHomeProjectsController(home: HomeController) {
@@ -114,8 +114,13 @@ export function createHomeProjectsController(home: HomeController) {
              extensions: ["json"],
            },
            async (file) => {
-              const data = await Schema.decodeUnknownPromise(Schema.fromJsonString(SessionTransfer.Data))(
-                await file.text(),
+              // Validating an imported file is the one place the shared Effect schema is needed here.
+              const [{ Schema }, { SessionTransfer }] = await Promise.all([
+                import("effect"),
+                import("@opencode/schema/session-transfer"),
+              ])
+              const data = await Schema.decodeUnknownPromise(Schema.fromJsonString(SessionTransfer.Data))(
+                await file.text(),
              )
              const api = home.server.context(conn).sdk.api.session
              const imported = await api.import({
@@ -184,3 +189,4 @@ export function createHomeProjectsController(home: HomeController) {
 }

 export type HomeProjectsController = ReturnType<typeof createHomeProjectsController>
+
@@ -65,14 +65,14 @@
  }

  /* Keep the 1000px conversation intact, with 320px for the summary and its gutters.
-     When they overlap, center the conversation in the space that remains beside the summary. */
-  @container session-chat (min-width: 1320px) and (width < 1640px) {
+     Move only as far as needed; wider panels already have enough space in the margin. */
+  @container session-chat (min-width: 1320px) {
    [data-slot="session-chat-panel"][data-summary-open="true"]
      :is([data-timeline-virtual-content], [data-component="session-composer-dock"] > div) {
-      --session-summary-translate: -160px;
+      --session-summary-translate: min(0px, calc(50cqi - 820px));

      &:dir(rtl) {
-        --session-summary-translate: 160px;
+        --session-summary-translate: max(0px, calc(820px - 50cqi));
      }
    }
  }
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { Show, Suspense, createMemo, createSignal, lazy, onMount } from "solid-j
 import { createStore } from "solid-js/store"
 import { makeEventListener } from "@solid-primitives/event-listener"
 import { debounce } from "@solid-primitives/scheduled"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
 import createPresence from "solid-presence"
 import { Composer } from "@/composer/composer"
 import { ComposerDropzone } from "@/composer/dropzone"
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import { useWorkspaceLocation } from "@/workspaces/location"
 import { useProviders } from "@/providers/catalog/providers"
 import { NEW_SESSION_CONTENT_WIDTH } from "@/new-session/layout"
 import { Persist, persisted } from "@/runtime/persistence/storage"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
 import type { NewSessionWorkspaceController } from "./workspace/controller"
 import { NewSessionWordmark } from "./wordmark"
 import { SummaryPopover } from "@/session/summary/popover"
@@ -34,12 +33,12 @@ const NewSessionSummary = lazy(async () => {

 const providerTipDismissalDuration = 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000

-export const WorkspaceOnboardingSchema = Persistence.struct({
-  used: Schema.Boolean,
+export const WorkspaceOnboardingSchema = Codec.struct({
+  used: Codec.boolean,
 })

-export const ProviderTipSchema = Persistence.struct({
-  dismissedAt: Schema.Finite,
+export const ProviderTipSchema = Codec.struct({
+  dismissedAt: Codec.number,
 })

 export const WorkspaceTipSchema = ProviderTipSchema
@@ -267,3 +266,4 @@ function NewSessionTips(props: { workspaceEligible: boolean; onWorkspace: () =>
    </Show>
  )
 }
+
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { useData } from "@/runtime/server/current"
 import { useServerSDK } from "@/runtime/server/client"
 import { normalizeProviderList } from "@/runtime/server/global-sync/utils"
-import { Iterable, pipe } from "effect"
 import { createEffect, createMemo, type Accessor } from "solid-js"
 import type { ProviderListResponse } from "@/runtime/server/types"
 import { useIntegrations } from "./integrations"
@@ -53,34 +52,24 @@ export function useProviders(directory: Accessor<string | undefined>) {
        .filter((integration) => popularProviderSet.has(integration.id))
        .map((integration) => ({ id: integration.id, name: integration.name }))
      const seen = new Set(catalog.map((integration) => integration.id))
-      return pipe(
-        providers().all,
-        Iterable.map(([, p]) => p),
-        Iterable.filter((p) => popularProviderSet.has(p.id) && !seen.has(p.id)),
-        Iterable.map((p) => ({ id: p.id, name: p.name })),
-        (v) => [...catalog, ...v],
-      )
+      const more = [...providers().all.values()]
+        .filter((p) => popularProviderSet.has(p.id) && !seen.has(p.id))
+        .map((p) => ({ id: p.id, name: p.name }))
+      return [...catalog, ...more]
    },
    connected: () => {
      const connected = new Set(providers().connected)
-      return pipe(
-        providers().all,
-        Iterable.map(([, p]) => p),
-        Iterable.filter((p) => connected.has(p.id)),
-        (v) => Array.from(v),
-      )
+      return [...providers().all.values()].filter((p) => connected.has(p.id))
    },
    paid: () => {
      const connected = new Set(providers().connected)
-      const paid = [
-        ...Iterable.filter(
-          providers().all,
-          ([id]) =>
-            connected.has(id) &&
-            (id !== "opencode" || Object.values(providers().all.get(id)?.models ?? {}).some((m) => m.cost?.input)),
-        ),
-      ]
+      const paid = [...providers().all].filter(
+        ([id]) =>
+          connected.has(id) &&
+          (id !== "opencode" || Object.values(providers().all.get(id)?.models ?? {}).some((m) => m.cost?.input)),
+      )
      return paid
    },
  }
 }
+
@@ -3,12 +3,11 @@ import { base64Encode } from "@opencode/util/encode"
 import { useParams } from "@solidjs/router"
 import { batch, createEffect, createMemo, onCleanup } from "solid-js"
 import { createStore } from "solid-js/store"
-import { Schema, SchemaGetter } from "effect"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
 import { useModels } from "@/providers/models/models"
 import { useSettings } from "@/settings/model"
 import { useProviders } from "@/providers/catalog/providers"
 import { Persist, persisted } from "@/runtime/persistence/storage"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
 import { hasCustomAgent, resolveAgent } from "./agent"
 import { cycleModelVariant, getConfiguredAgentVariant, resolveModelVariant } from "./variant"
 import { useWorkspaceLocation } from "@/workspaces/location"
@@ -18,46 +17,45 @@ import { useServerSDK } from "@/runtime/server/client"
 import { ScopedKey, type ServerScope } from "@/runtime/server/scope"
 import { useConfiguredModel } from "./configured"

-const ModelKeySchema = Schema.Struct({
-  providerID: Schema.String,
-  modelID: Schema.String,
-  variant: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+const ModelKeySchema = Codec.struct({
+  providerID: Codec.string,
+  modelID: Codec.string,
+  variant: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
 })
 export type ModelKey = typeof ModelKeySchema.Type

-const ChoiceSchema = Schema.Struct({
-  model: Persistence.optional(ModelKeySchema),
-  variant: Persistence.optional(Schema.NullOr(Schema.String)),
+const ChoiceSchema = Codec.struct({
+  model: Codec.lenientOptional(ModelKeySchema),
+  variant: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.nullOr(Codec.string)),
 })
-const StateSchema = Schema.Struct({
+const StateSchema = Codec.struct({
  ...ChoiceSchema.fields,
-  agent: Persistence.optional(Schema.String),
-  choices: Persistence.optional(Schema.Record(Schema.String, ChoiceSchema)),
+  agent: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.string),
+  choices: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.record(ChoiceSchema)),
 })
 type State = typeof StateSchema.Type

-const SessionsSchema = Schema.Record(
-  Schema.String,
-  Schema.mutableKey(Persistence.fallback(Schema.UndefinedOr(StateSchema), () => undefined)),
+const SessionsSchema = Codec.record(Codec.fallback(Codec.undefinedOr(StateSchema), () => undefined))
+
+const Current = Codec.struct({ session: SessionsSchema })
+const StoredSelection = Codec.struct(
+  {
+    session: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.record(Codec.unknown)),
+    pick: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.record(Codec.unknown)),
+  },
+  { preserve: true },
 )

-const Current = Persistence.struct({ session: SessionsSchema })
-
-export const ModelSelectionSchema = Persistence.migrate(
+export const ModelSelectionSchema = Codec.migrate(
  Current,
-  Schema.Struct({
-    session: Persistence.optional(Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)),
-    pick: Persistence.optional(Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)),
-  }).pipe(
-    Schema.decode({
-      decode: SchemaGetter.transform((value) => ({
-        session:
-          value.session ??
-          Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(value.pick ?? {}).filter(([key]) => key !== WORKSPACE_KEY)),
-      })),
-      encode: SchemaGetter.transform((value) => value),
+  Codec.transform(StoredSelection, {
+    decode: (value) => ({
+      ...value,
+      session:
+        value.session ?? Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(value.pick ?? {}).filter(([key]) => key !== WORKSPACE_KEY)),
    }),
-  ),
+    encode: (value) => value,
+  }),
 )

 const WORKSPACE_KEY = "__workspace__"
@@ -625,16 +625,6 @@ export const dict = {
  "toast.file.loadFailed.title": "Failed to load file",
  "file.error.notFound": "File not found: {{name}}",
  "toast.file.listFailed.title": "Failed to list files",
-  "file.view.preview": "Preview",
-  "file.view.source": "Source",
-  "file.view.openInBrowser": "Open in browser",
-  "file.view.binary": "Binary file · {{size}}",
-  "file.view.table.rows.one": "{{count}} row",
-  "file.view.table.rows.other": "{{count}} rows",
-  "file.view.table.columns.one": "{{count}} column",
-  "file.view.table.columns.other": "{{count}} columns",
-  "file.view.table.truncated": "Showing the first {{shown}} of {{total}} rows.",
-  "file.view.fontSample": "Sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow.",

  "toast.context.noLineSelection.title": "No line selection",
  "toast.context.noLineSelection.description": "Select a line range in a file tab first.",
@@ -916,10 +906,6 @@ export const dict = {
  "session.browser.replaced": "Browser control moved to another desktop window.",
  "session.browser.suspended": "Browser suspended. Interact with this session to reconnect.",
  "session.browser.address.placeholder": "Enter URL",
-  "session.browser.empty.title": "Enter URL",
-  "session.browser.empty.description": 'Or prompt "Open in the app browser"',
-  "session.browser.failed.title": "URL can't be reached",
-  "session.browser.failed.description": "Check the URL and your connection, then try again.",

  "titlebar.update": "Update",
  "titlebar.tabs": "Tabs",
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { flatten, resolveTemplate, translator, type Flatten } from "@solid-primitives/i18n"
 import { createEffect, createMemo, createResource, type JSX } from "solid-js"
 import { createStore } from "solid-js/store"
-import { Option, Schema, SchemaGetter } from "effect"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
 import { createSimpleContext } from "@opencode/ui/context"
 import {
  I18nProvider,
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import {
  type UiPluralCategory,
 } from "@opencode/ui/context/i18n"
 import { Persist, persisted } from "@/runtime/persistence/storage"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
 import en from "@/runtime/i18n/en"
 import { dict } from "@opencode/ui/i18n/en"
 import {
@@ -56,14 +55,9 @@ function cookie(locale: Locale) {

 const LOCALES: readonly Locale[] = DESKTOP_NATIVE_LOCALES

-const LocaleSchema = Schema.Literals(DESKTOP_NATIVE_LOCALES)
-const StoredLocaleSchema = Schema.Struct({
-  locale: Schema.String.pipe(
-    Schema.decodeTo(LocaleSchema, {
-      decode: SchemaGetter.transform(normalizeLocale),
-      encode: SchemaGetter.transform((locale) => locale),
-    }),
-  ),
+const LocaleSchema = Codec.literals(DESKTOP_NATIVE_LOCALES)
+const StoredLocaleSchema = Codec.struct({
+  locale: Codec.transform(Codec.string, { decode: normalizeLocale, encode: (locale) => locale }),
 })

 const INTL = DESKTOP_NATIVE_LOCALE_TAGS
@@ -160,11 +154,11 @@ function detectLocale(): Locale {
 }

 export function normalizeLocale(value: string): Locale {
-  return Option.getOrElse(Schema.decodeUnknownOption(LocaleSchema)(value), () => "en")
+  return Codec.decodeOption(LocaleSchema, value) ?? "en"
 }

-export const languageSchema = Persistence.struct({
-  locale: StoredLocaleSchema.fields.locale,
+export const languageSchema = Codec.struct({
+  locale: StoredLocaleSchema.fields.locale,
 })

 function readStoredLocale() {
@@ -172,9 +166,7 @@ function readStoredLocale() {
  try {
    const raw = localStorage.getItem("opencode.global.dat:language")
    if (!raw) return
-    const next = Schema.decodeUnknownOption(Schema.fromJsonString(StoredLocaleSchema))(raw)
-    if (Option.isNone(next)) return
-    return next.value.locale
+    return Codec.decodeOption(Codec.fromJsonString(StoredLocaleSchema), raw)?.locale
  } catch {
    return
  }
@@ -296,3 +288,4 @@ export function UiI18nBridge(props: { children?: JSX.Element }) {
    </I18nProvider>
  )
 }
+
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { Codec } from "./codec"
+
+// Type-level checks: these compile only if inference matches what `typeof schema.Type` gave callers.
+test("struct types infer optional and required fields", () => {
+  const s = Codec.struct({ id: Codec.string, tab: Codec.optional(Codec.string), n: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.number) })
+  const value: typeof s.Type = { id: "x" }
+  const tab: string | undefined = value.tab
+  const n: number | undefined = value.n
+  const t = Codec.transform(s, { decode: (old) => old.tab ?? old.id, encode: (v) => ({ id: v }) })
+  const out: string | Codec.Invalid = t.decode({ id: "a" })
+  const onlyOptional = Codec.struct({ tab: Codec.optional(Codec.string) })
+  const empty: typeof onlyOptional.Type = {}
+  const maybe: string | undefined = empty.tab
+  const viaTransform = Codec.transform(onlyOptional, { decode: (old) => old.tab, encode: (tab) => ({ tab }) })
+  expect([tab, n, out, maybe, viaTransform.decode({})]).toEqual([undefined, undefined, "a", undefined, undefined])
+})
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { Codec } from "./codec"
+
+describe("Codec", () => {
+  test("primitives reject the wrong shape and finite numbers only", () => {
+    expect(Codec.string.decode("a")).toBe("a")
+    expect(Codec.string.decode(1)).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+    expect(Codec.number.decode(1.5)).toBe(1.5)
+    expect(Codec.number.decode(Number.NaN)).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+    expect(Codec.nonNegativeInt.decode(-1)).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+    expect(Codec.literals(["a", "b"]).decode("c")).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+    expect(Codec.literal("x").decode("x")).toBe("x")
+  })
+
+  test("struct keeps optional fields absent and rejects invalid required ones", () => {
+    const codec = Codec.struct({ id: Codec.string, title: Codec.optional(Codec.string), n: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.number) })
+    expect(codec.decode({ id: "1" })).toEqual({ id: "1" })
+    expect(codec.decode({ id: "1", title: "t", n: "bad" })).toEqual({ id: "1", title: "t" })
+    expect(codec.decode({ id: "1", title: 3 })).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+    expect(codec.decode({ title: "t" })).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+    expect(codec.decode([])).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+    expect(codec.encode({ id: "1" })).toEqual({ id: "1" })
+    const value: typeof codec.Type = { id: "1", title: undefined }
+    expect(value.id).toBe("1")
+  })
+
+  test("lenient collections recover what they can", () => {
+    const items = Codec.lenientArray(Codec.struct({ id: Codec.string }))
+    expect(items.decode([{ id: "a" }, { id: 1 }, "x", { id: "b" }])).toEqual([{ id: "a" }, { id: "b" }])
+    expect(items.decode("nope")).toEqual([])
+    expect(Codec.array(Codec.string).decode(["a", 1])).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+    const map = Codec.lenientRecord(Codec.boolean)
+    expect(map.decode({ a: true, b: "x" })).toEqual({})
+    expect(map.decode({ a: true })).toEqual({ a: true })
+  })
+
+  test("union, transform and fallback compose", () => {
+    const session = Codec.struct({ type: Codec.literal("session"), id: Codec.string })
+    const draft = Codec.struct({ type: Codec.literal("draft"), directory: Codec.string })
+    const tab = Codec.union([session, draft])
+    expect(tab.decode({ type: "draft", directory: "/x" })).toEqual({ type: "draft", directory: "/x" })
+    expect(tab.decode({ type: "other" })).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+    const upper = Codec.transform(Codec.string, { decode: (s) => s.toUpperCase(), encode: (s) => s.toLowerCase() })
+    expect(upper.decode("ab")).toBe("AB")
+    expect(upper.encode("AB")).toBe("ab")
+    const safe = Codec.fallback(Codec.number, () => 7)
+    expect(safe.decode("x")).toBe(7)
+    expect(safe.decode(undefined)).toBe(7)
+    expect(safe.decode(2)).toBe(2)
+  })
+
+  test("brand constructs and decodes as its base", () => {
+    const Key = Codec.brand<"ServerConnection.Key">()
+    const key = Key.make("http://a")
+    expect(Key.decode(key)).toBe(key)
+    expect(Key.decode(3)).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+  })
+
+  test("withInitial recovers field by field and merges new defaults", () => {
+    const layout = Codec.struct({
+      sidebar: Codec.struct({ opened: Codec.boolean, width: Codec.number }),
+      theme: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.literals(["light", "dark"])),
+    })
+    const initial: typeof layout.Type = { sidebar: { opened: true, width: 240 } }
+    const codec = Codec.fromJsonString(Codec.withInitial(layout, initial))
+    expect(codec.decode(JSON.stringify({ sidebar: { opened: false, width: "wide" }, theme: "dark" }))).toEqual({
+      sidebar: { opened: false, width: 240 },
+      theme: "dark",
+    })
+    expect(codec.decode(JSON.stringify({ sidebar: 5 }))).toEqual(initial)
+    expect(codec.decode("{not json")).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+    expect(JSON.parse(codec.encode({ sidebar: { opened: true, width: 1 } }))).toEqual({ sidebar: { opened: true, width: 1 } })
+  })
+
+  test("migrate reads the old shape first", () => {
+    const current = Codec.struct({ tabs: Codec.array(Codec.string) })
+    const previous = Codec.struct({ tab: Codec.optional(Codec.string) })
+    const read = Codec.transform(previous, {
+      decode: (old) => ({ tabs: old.tab ? [old.tab] : [] }),
+      encode: (value) => ({ tab: value.tabs[0] }),
+    })
+    const codec = Codec.withInitial(Codec.migrate(current, read), { tabs: [] })
+    expect(codec.decode({ tab: "a" })).toEqual({ tabs: ["a"] })
+  })
+})
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+export * as Codec from "./codec"
+
+// Plain codecs for persisted state. They replace Effect Schema in the renderer's initial module
+// graph, where Effect's own module initialisation was the single largest startup cost that was not
+// rendering. Semantics mirror the Persistence helpers: decoding never throws, `INVALID` marks a
+// value that cannot be recovered, and the lenient combinators recover what they can.
+
+export const INVALID: unique symbol = Symbol.for("opencode/persistence/codec/invalid")
+export type Invalid = typeof INVALID
+
+const tag: unique symbol = Symbol.for("opencode/persistence/codec")
+
+export interface Of<T, E = unknown> {
+  readonly [tag]: true
+  /** Phantom: `typeof codec.Type` is the decoded type, as with Effect schemas. */
+  readonly Type: T
+  readonly Encoded: E
+  readonly optional?: boolean
+  decode(input: unknown): T | Invalid
+  encode(value: T): E
+}
+
+export type Any = Of<any, any>
+export type Type<C extends Any> = C["Type"]
+
+export function isCodec(value: unknown): value is Any {
+  return typeof value === "object" && value !== null && tag in value
+}
+
+export function make<T, E = unknown>(decode: (input: unknown) => T | Invalid, encode: (value: T) => E): Of<T, E> {
+  return { [tag]: true, decode, encode } as Of<T, E>
+}
+
+export function is<T>(codec: Of<T>, input: unknown): input is T {
+  return codec.decode(input) !== INVALID
+}
+
+export function decodeOption<T>(codec: Of<T>, input: unknown): T | undefined {
+  const value = codec.decode(input)
+  return value === INVALID ? undefined : value
+}
+
+export function decodeOrThrow<T>(codec: Of<T>, input: unknown): T {
+  const value = codec.decode(input)
+  if (value === INVALID) throw new Error("Value does not match its codec")
+  return value
+}
+
+/** Encodes and checks the result decodes, so an invalid in-memory value fails loudly instead of persisting. */
+export function encodeOrThrow<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>, value: T): E {
+  const encoded = codec.encode(value)
+  if (codec.decode(encoded) === INVALID) throw new Error("Value does not match its codec")
+  return encoded
+}
+
+const identity = <T>(value: T) => value
+
+export const string: Of<string, string> = make((v) => (typeof v === "string" ? v : INVALID), identity)
+export const boolean: Of<boolean, boolean> = make((v) => (typeof v === "boolean" ? v : INVALID), identity)
+export const unknown: Of<unknown, unknown> = make((v) => v, identity)
+/** Finite numbers only: NaN and infinities are not JSON and never valid state. */
+export const number: Of<number, number> = make((v) => (typeof v === "number" && Number.isFinite(v) ? v : INVALID), identity)
+export const int: Of<number, number> = make((v) => (typeof v === "number" && Number.isInteger(v) ? v : INVALID), identity)
+export const nonNegativeInt: Of<number, number> = make(
+  (v) => (typeof v === "number" && Number.isInteger(v) && v >= 0 ? v : INVALID),
+  identity,
+)
+
+export function literal<const L extends string | number | boolean | null>(value: L): Of<L, L> {
+  return make((v) => (v === value ? value : INVALID), identity)
+}
+
+export function literals<const L extends ReadonlyArray<string | number | boolean | null>>(values: L): Of<L[number], L[number]> {
+  const set = new Set<unknown>(values)
+  return make((v) => (set.has(v) ? (v as L[number]) : INVALID), identity)
+}
+
+/** A string carrying a nominal brand, with the constructor Effect's `Schema.brand` gave callers. */
+export function brand<B extends string>(): Of<string & { readonly [K in B]: B }, string> & {
+  make(value: string): string & { readonly [K in B]: B }
+} {
+  return Object.assign(make<string & { readonly [K in B]: B }, string>((v) => (typeof v === "string" ? (v as never) : INVALID), identity), {
+    make: (value: string) => value as never,
+  })
+}
+
+export function nullOr<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>): Of<T | null, E | null> {
+  return make((v) => (v === null ? null : codec.decode(v)), (v) => (v === null ? null : codec.encode(v)))
+}
+
+export function undefinedOr<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>): Of<T | undefined, E | undefined> {
+  return make((v) => (v === undefined ? undefined : codec.decode(v)), (v) => (v === undefined ? undefined : codec.encode(v)))
+}
+
+/** A struct field that may be absent. Present but invalid values make the struct invalid. */
+export function optional<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>): Of<T | undefined, E | undefined> & { readonly optional: true } {
+  return { ...undefinedOr(codec), optional: true } as never
+}
+
+/** A struct field that may be absent, and whose invalid values are dropped rather than rejected. */
+export function lenientOptional<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>): Of<T | undefined, E | undefined> & { readonly optional: true } {
+  return {
+    ...make<T | undefined, E | undefined>(
+      (v) => {
+        if (v === undefined) return undefined
+        const value = codec.decode(v)
+        return value === INVALID ? undefined : value
+      },
+      (v) => (v === undefined ? undefined : codec.encode(v)),
+    ),
+    optional: true,
+  } as never
+}
+
+type Fields = Record<string, Any>
+type OptionalKeys<F extends Fields> = { [K in keyof F]: F[K] extends { optional: true } ? K : never }[keyof F]
+type RequiredKeys<F extends Fields> = Exclude<keyof F, OptionalKeys<F>>
+type Simplify<T> = { [K in keyof T]: T[K] } & {}
+export type StructType<F extends Fields> = Simplify<
+  { [K in RequiredKeys<F>]: F[K]["Type"] } & { [K in OptionalKeys<F>]?: F[K]["Type"] }
+>
+export type StructEncoded<F extends Fields> = Simplify<
+  { [K in RequiredKeys<F>]: F[K]["Encoded"] } & { [K in OptionalKeys<F>]?: F[K]["Encoded"] }
+>
+
+export interface Struct<F extends Fields> extends Of<StructType<F>, StructEncoded<F>> {
+  readonly fields: F
+}
+
+// `preserve` keeps keys the struct does not declare, for migration shapes that only describe the
+// fields they rewrite (Effect's `onExcessProperty: "preserve"`); the current schema then decides.
+export function struct<const F extends Fields>(fields: F, options?: { preserve?: boolean }): Struct<F> {
+  const entries = Object.entries(fields)
+  return {
+    ...make<StructType<F>, StructEncoded<F>>(
+      (input) => {
+        if (typeof input !== "object" || input === null || Array.isArray(input)) return INVALID
+        const record = input as Record<string, unknown>
+        const out: Record<string, unknown> = options?.preserve ? { ...record } : {}
+        for (const [key, codec] of entries) {
+          const present = Object.hasOwn(record, key)
+          if (!present && codec.optional) continue
+          const value = codec.decode(record[key])
+          if (value === INVALID) return INVALID
+          if (value !== undefined || present) out[key] = value
+          else delete out[key]
+        }
+        return out as StructType<F>
+      },
+      (value) => {
+        const out: Record<string, unknown> = {}
+        for (const [key, codec] of entries) {
+          const field = (value as Record<string, unknown>)[key]
+          if (field === undefined && !Object.hasOwn(value as object, key)) continue
+          out[key] = codec.encode(field)
+        }
+        return out as StructEncoded<F>
+      },
+    ),
+    fields,
+  }
+}
+
+export function array<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>): Of<T[], E[]> {
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      if (!Array.isArray(input)) return INVALID
+      const out: T[] = []
+      for (const item of input) {
+        const value = codec.decode(item)
+        if (value === INVALID) return INVALID
+        out.push(value)
+      }
+      return out
+    },
+    (value) => value.map((item) => codec.encode(item)),
+  )
+}
+
+/** Keeps the items that decode and drops the rest, like `Persistence.array`. */
+export function lenientArray<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>): Of<T[], E[]> {
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      if (!Array.isArray(input)) return []
+      return input.flatMap((item) => {
+        const value = codec.decode(item)
+        return value === INVALID ? [] : [value]
+      })
+    },
+    (value) => value.map((item) => codec.encode(item)),
+  )
+}
+
+export function record<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>): Of<Record<string, T>, Record<string, E>> {
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      if (typeof input !== "object" || input === null || Array.isArray(input)) return INVALID
+      const out: Record<string, T> = {}
+      for (const [key, item] of Object.entries(input)) {
+        const value = codec.decode(item)
+        if (value === INVALID) return INVALID
+        out[key] = value
+      }
+      return out
+    },
+    (value) => Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(value).map(([key, item]) => [key, codec.encode(item)])),
+  )
+}
+
+/** A record that drops entries whose values are invalid, the replacement for `catchDecoding` to none. */
+export function sparseRecord<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>): Of<Record<string, T>, Record<string, E>> {
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      if (typeof input !== "object" || input === null || Array.isArray(input)) return INVALID
+      const out: Record<string, T> = {}
+      for (const [key, item] of Object.entries(input)) {
+        const value = codec.decode(item)
+        if (value !== INVALID) out[key] = value
+      }
+      return out
+    },
+    (value) => Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(value).map(([key, item]) => [key, codec.encode(item)])),
+  )
+}
+
+/** An invalid record becomes empty rather than failing the whole store, like `Persistence.record`. */
+export function lenientRecord<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>): Of<Record<string, T>, Record<string, E>> {
+  const strict = record(codec)
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      const value = strict.decode(input)
+      return value === INVALID ? {} : value
+    },
+    strict.encode,
+  )
+}
+
+export function union<const C extends ReadonlyArray<Any>>(codecs: C): Of<C[number]["Type"], C[number]["Encoded"]> {
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      for (const codec of codecs) {
+        const value = codec.decode(input)
+        if (value !== INVALID) return value
+      }
+      return INVALID
+    },
+    (value) => {
+      // Encode with the first member that accepts the value's shape; members are disjoint in practice.
+      for (const codec of codecs) if (codec.decode(value) !== INVALID) return codec.encode(value)
+      return value as C[number]["Encoded"]
+    },
+  )
+}
+
+/** Maps a decoded value into another shape, the replacement for `decodeTo` + `SchemaGetter.transform`. */
+export function transform<T, E, T2>(
+  codec: Of<T, E>,
+  options: { decode: (value: T) => T2; encode: (value: T2) => T },
+): Of<T2, E> {
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      const value = codec.decode(input)
+      return value === INVALID ? INVALID : options.decode(value)
+    },
+    (value) => codec.encode(options.encode(value)),
+  )
+}
+
+/** Decodes with `source`, maps, then validates with `target`: Effect's `decodeTo` with a transform. */
+export function decodeTo<T, E, T2, E2>(
+  source: Of<T, E>,
+  target: Of<T2, E2>,
+  options: { decode: (value: T) => E2; encode: (value: T2) => T },
+): Of<T2, E> {
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      const value = source.decode(input)
+      return value === INVALID ? INVALID : target.decode(options.decode(value))
+    },
+    (value) => source.encode(options.encode(value)),
+  )
+}
+
+/** Invalid and missing values become `value()`, like `Persistence.fallback`. */
+export function fallback<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>, value: () => NoInfer<T>): Of<T, E> {
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      if (input === undefined) return value()
+      const decoded = codec.decode(input)
+      return decoded === INVALID ? value() : decoded
+    },
+    codec.encode,
+  )
+}
+
+export function fromJsonString<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>): Of<T, string> {
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      if (typeof input !== "string") return INVALID
+      try {
+        return codec.decode(JSON.parse(input))
+      } catch {
+        return INVALID
+      }
+    },
+    (value) => JSON.stringify(codec.encode(value)),
+  )
+}
+
+export type Decoder = Pick<Of<unknown>, "decode">
+export type Migrated<C extends Any> = { readonly current: C; readonly read: Decoder }
+
+/** Older stored shapes go through `read` first; `current` describes what the store holds today. */
+export function migrate<C extends Any>(current: C, read: Decoder): Migrated<C> {
+  return { current, read }
+}
+
+function isMigrated<C extends Any>(definition: C | Migrated<C>): definition is Migrated<C> {
+  return !isCodec(definition) && "current" in definition
+}
+
+// Stored values recover field by field against the initial value: an object's valid fields are
+// kept, invalid or missing ones take their initial counterpart, and the result is merged over the
+// initial so new fields appear with their defaults. Mirrors `Persistence.withInitial`.
+export function withInitial<C extends Any>(definition: C | Migrated<C>, initial: Type<C>): Of<Type<C>, unknown> {
+  const codec = isMigrated(definition) ? definition.current : definition
+  const read = isMigrated(definition) ? definition.read : unknown
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      const stored = read.decode(input)
+      if (stored === INVALID) return INVALID
+      return merge(initial, recover(codec, stored, initial))
+    },
+    (value) => codec.encode(value),
+  )
+}
+
+function recover(codec: Any, value: unknown, initial: unknown): unknown {
+  if (value === undefined) return initial
+  if ("fields" in codec && isObject(value)) {
+    const fields = (codec as Struct<Fields>).fields
+    return Object.fromEntries(
+      Object.entries(fields).flatMap(([name, field]) => {
+        const defaults = isObject(initial) ? initial[name] : undefined
+        const next = recover(field, value[name], defaults)
+        if (next === undefined && !Object.hasOwn(value, name) && defaults === undefined) return []
+        return [[name, next]]
+      }),
+    )
+  }
+  const decoded = codec.decode(value)
+  return decoded === INVALID ? initial : decoded
+}
+
+function merge(initial: unknown, value: unknown): unknown {
+  if (value === undefined) return initial
+  if (!isObject(initial) || !isObject(value)) return value
+  return Object.fromEntries(
+    [...new Set([...Object.keys(initial), ...Object.keys(value)])].map((key) => [key, merge(initial[key], value[key])]),
+  )
+}
+
+function isObject(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
+  return typeof value === "object" && value !== null && !Array.isArray(value)
+}
+
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { WorkspaceOnboardingSchema, ProviderTipSchema, WorkspaceTipSchema } from "@/new-session/view"
 import { ModelSelectionSchema } from "@/providers/models/selection"
 import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
 import { FileViewsSchema } from "@/workspaces/files/view-cache"
 import { languageSchema } from "@/runtime/i18n/language"
 import { HomeServersSchema } from "@/home/projects/controller"
@@ -10,9 +11,9 @@ import { ModelProvidersSchema } from "@/settings/models/models"

 describe("persisted consumer schemas", () => {
  test("onboarding and provider tip retain defaults and validate stored values", () => {
-    const onboarding = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(WorkspaceOnboardingSchema, { used: false }))
-    const tip = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(ProviderTipSchema, { dismissedAt: 0 }))
-    const workspaceTip = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(WorkspaceTipSchema, { dismissedAt: 0 }))
+    const onboarding = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(WorkspaceOnboardingSchema, { used: false }), input))
+    const tip = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(ProviderTipSchema, { dismissedAt: 0 }), input))
+    const workspaceTip = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(WorkspaceTipSchema, { dismissedAt: 0 }), input))
    expect(onboarding({})).toEqual({ used: false })
    expect(onboarding({ used: "true" })).toEqual({ used: false })
    expect(onboarding({ used: true })).toEqual({ used: true })
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ describe("persisted consumer schemas", () => {

  test("collapse records recover malformed entries without losing valid siblings", () => {
    for (const schema of [HomeServersSchema, ModelProvidersSchema]) {
-      const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(schema, { collapsed: {} }))
+      const decode = (input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(schema, { collapsed: {} }), input)
      expect(decode({})).toEqual({ collapsed: {} })
      expect(decode({ collapsed: [] })).toEqual({ collapsed: {} })
      expect(decode({ collapsed: { open: false, closed: true, invalid: "false" } })).toEqual({
@@ -35,21 +36,19 @@ describe("persisted consumer schemas", () => {
  })

  test("model selection migrates legacy picks and omits workspace state", () => {
-    const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(ModelSelectionSchema, { session: {} }))
+    const decode = (input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(ModelSelectionSchema, { session: {} }), input)
    expect(decode({})).toEqual({ session: {} })
    const state = decode({ pick: { __workspace__: { agent: "plan" }, session1: { agent: "build" } } })
    expect(state.session.session1?.agent).toBe("build")
    expect(state.session.__workspace__).toBeUndefined()
-    const encoded = Schema.encodeSync(
-      Schema.fromJsonString(Persistence.withInitial(ModelSelectionSchema, { session: {} })),
-    )(state)
+    const encoded = Codec.fromJsonString(Codec.withInitial(ModelSelectionSchema, { session: {} })).encode(state)
    expect(JSON.parse(encoded)).toEqual({ session: { session1: { agent: "build" } } })
    expect(decode(JSON.parse(encoded))).toEqual(state)
  })

  test("current model selections take precedence over legacy picks", () => {
    expect(
-      Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(ModelSelectionSchema, { session: {} }))({
+      Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(ModelSelectionSchema, { session: {} }), {
        session: {},
        pick: { session1: { agent: "plan" } },
      }),
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ describe("persisted consumer schemas", () => {
  })

  test("model selection validates nested model keys and preserves explicit null variants", () => {
-    const state = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(ModelSelectionSchema, { session: {} }))({
+    const state = Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(ModelSelectionSchema, { session: {} }), {
      session: {
        good: { agent: "build", model: { providerID: "provider", modelID: "model", variant: "high" }, variant: null },
        partial: { agent: "plan", model: { providerID: "provider", modelID: 42 }, variant: false },
@@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ describe("persisted consumer schemas", () => {
  })

  test("file views validate scroll positions and line sides independently", () => {
-    const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(FileViewsSchema, { file: {} }))
+    const decode = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(FileViewsSchema, { file: {} }), input))
    expect(decode({})).toEqual({ file: {} })
    const state = decode({
      file: {
@@ -103,7 +102,7 @@ describe("persisted consumer schemas", () => {
  })

  test("language preserves runtime defaults and normalizes unsupported locales to English", () => {
-    const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(languageSchema, { locale: "fr" }))
+    const decode = (input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(languageSchema, { locale: "fr" }), input)
    expect(decode({})).toEqual({ locale: "fr" })
    expect(decode({ locale: undefined })).toEqual({ locale: "fr" })
    expect(decode({ locale: 42 })).toEqual({ locale: "fr" })
@@ -111,3 +110,6 @@ describe("persisted consumer schemas", () => {
    expect(decode({ locale: "ar" })).toEqual({ locale: "ar" })
  })
 })
+
+
+
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { AsyncStorage } from "@solid-primitives/storage"
-import { Option, Schema } from "effect"
+import { Codec } from "./codec"

 export type BlobReference = { id: string; url: string }

@@ -312,12 +312,12 @@ export function createDraftStore(driver: Driver, options: { grace?: number } = {
    getItem: async (key) => {
      const value = await driver.get(key)
      if (value === null) return null
-      const parsed = Schema.decodeUnknownOption(Schema.fromJsonString(Schema.Unknown))(value)
-      // Let the owning persistence codec apply its invalid-document policy.
-      if (Option.isNone(parsed)) return value
-      // A loaded document is live in the composer: pin its images before decode mints their URLs.
-      retain(key, imageIDs(parsed.value), grace)
-      return JSON.stringify(await decode(parsed.value))
+      const parsed = Codec.fromJsonString(Codec.unknown).decode(value)
+      // Let the owning persistence codec apply its invalid-document policy.
+      if (parsed === Codec.INVALID) return value
+      // A loaded document is live in the composer: pin its images before decode mints their URLs.
+      retain(key, imageIDs(parsed), grace)
+      return JSON.stringify(await decode(parsed))
    },
    setItem: (key, value) => setDocument(key, JSON.parse(value)),
    setDocument,
@@ -455,3 +455,4 @@ export async function blobDataUrl(blob: BlobReference, mime: string) {
 export function createLegacyBlobReference(dataUrl: string): BlobReference {
  return { id: dataUrl, url: dataUrl }
 }
+
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { createStore, type SetStoreFunction, type Store } from "solid-js/store"
 import { Option, Schema } from "effect"
 import { pathKey } from "@/workspaces/path-key"
 import { ScopedKey, ServerScope } from "@/runtime/server/scope"
+import { Codec } from "./codec"
 import { persistStore } from "./persist"
 import { Persistence } from "./schema"

@@ -472,25 +473,57 @@ export function removePersisted(
  }
 }

-export function persisted<S extends Schema.ConstraintCodec<object, unknown>>(
+type Definition<S extends Schema.ConstraintCodec<object, unknown> | Codec.Any> =
+  | S
+  | Persistence.Migrated<Extract<S, Schema.ConstraintCodec<object, unknown>>>
+  | Codec.Migrated<Extract<S, Codec.Any>>
+
+// Persisted stores are moving from Effect Schema to the plain codecs in ./codec so the renderer
+// stops paying for Effect at startup; both are accepted while the migration is underway.
+function serializer<S extends Schema.ConstraintCodec<object, unknown> | Codec.Any>(
+  definition: Definition<S>,
+  initial: S["Type"],
+) {
+  if (Codec.isCodec(definition) || (!("current" in definition) ? false : Codec.isCodec(definition.current))) {
+    const codec = Codec.withInitial(definition as Codec.Any | Codec.Migrated<Codec.Any>, initial)
+    const json = Codec.fromJsonString(codec)
+    return {
+      decode: (raw: string) => Codec.decodeOption(json, raw) as S["Type"] | undefined,
+      deserialize: (raw: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(json, raw) as S["Type"],
+      serialize: (value: S["Type"]) => Codec.encodeOrThrow(json, value),
+      encode: (value: S["Type"]) => Codec.encodeOrThrow(codec, value),
+      initial: Codec.decodeOrThrow(codec, codec.encode(initial)) as S["Type"],
+    }
+  }
+  const schema = definition as Schema.ConstraintCodec<object, unknown> | Persistence.Migrated<Schema.ConstraintCodec<object, unknown>>
+  const initialized = Persistence.withInitial(schema, initial as object)
+  const json = Schema.fromJsonString(initialized)
+  const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownOption(json)
+  return {
+    decode: (raw: string) => Option.getOrUndefined(decode(raw)) as S["Type"] | undefined,
+    deserialize: Schema.decodeUnknownSync(json) as (raw: unknown) => S["Type"],
+    serialize: Schema.encodeSync(json) as (value: S["Type"]) => string,
+    encode: Schema.encodeSync(initialized) as (value: S["Type"]) => unknown,
+    initial: Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Schema.toType(initialized))(initial as object) as S["Type"],
+  }
+}
+
+export function persisted<S extends Schema.ConstraintCodec<object, unknown> | Codec.Any>(
  target: string | PersistTarget,
-  schema: S | Persistence.Migrated<S>,
+  schema: Definition<S>,
  initial: NoInfer<S["Type"]>,
  platformOverride?: Platform,
 ): PersistedWithReady<S["Type"]> {
  const platform = platformOverride ?? usePlatform()
  const config = resolveTarget(typeof target === "string" ? { key: target } : target, platform)

-  const initialized = Persistence.withInitial(schema, initial)
-  const json = Schema.fromJsonString(initialized)
-  const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownOption(json)
-  const encode = Schema.encodeSync(initialized)
-  const serialize = Schema.encodeSync(json)
+  const codec = serializer<S>(schema, initial)
+  const { encode, serialize } = codec
  const normalize = (raw: string) => {
-    const value = decode(raw)
-    if (Option.isSome(value)) return serialize(value.value)
+    const value = codec.decode(raw)
+    if (value !== undefined) return serialize(value)
  }
-  const store = createStore<S["Type"]>(Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Schema.toType(initialized))(initial))
+  const store = createStore<S["Type"]>(codec.initial)
  const isDesktop = platform.platform === "desktop" && !!platform.storage
  const draft = config.draft ? platform.draftStore : undefined
  const prefix = `${config.storage ?? "default"}:`
@@ -602,7 +635,7 @@ export function persisted<S extends Schema.ConstraintCodec<object, unknown>>(
    name: config.key,
    storage,
    serialize,
-    deserialize: Schema.decodeUnknownSync(json),
+    deserialize: codec.deserialize,
    sync: channel ? messageSync(channel) : undefined,
    // Drafts take the encoded document itself so large text is externalized without the store
    // re-parsing the serialized form on every save.
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ export type BrowserPaneCommand = Browser.Action
 export type BrowserPaneState = Browser.State | null
 export type BrowserPaneEvent =
  | { type: "focus"; tabID: Browser.TabID }
-  | { type: "preview"; path: string }
  | { type: "state"; state: BrowserPaneState; error?: string }

 export type BrowserPaneRegistration = {
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import type { Brand } from "effect"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
+
+// The server key's brand is shared with the Effect schema in ./persistence.ts (type only, so this
+// module loads nothing of Effect), letting stores port to plain codecs one at a time.
+export type ServerKey = string & Brand.Brand<"ServerConnection.Key">
+
+export const ServerKey: Codec.Of<ServerKey, string> & { make(value: string): ServerKey } = Object.assign(
+  Codec.make<ServerKey, string>((v) => (typeof v === "string" ? (v as ServerKey) : Codec.INVALID), (v) => v),
+  { make: (value: string) => value as ServerKey },
+)
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { IconState, ModelState, ProjectState, VcsState, serverState } from "./persistence"
 import { createRoot } from "solid-js"
 import { isServer } from "solid-js/web"
 import { Persist, persisted } from "@/runtime/persistence/storage"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"

 const initial = { list: [], hidden: {}, projects: {}, lastProject: {}, recentlyClosed: {} }

 function serverSchema(canonical?: () => string | undefined) {
-  return Persistence.withInitial(serverState(canonical), initial)
+  return Codec.withInitial(serverState(canonical), initial)
 }

 describe("server persistence schema", () => {
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ describe("server persistence schema", () => {
      ],
      projects: { local: [{ worktree: "/project", expanded: true }] },
    }
-    const state = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(schema)(input)
+    const state = Codec.decodeOrThrow(schema, input)
    expect(state).toEqual({
      list: [
        { type: "http", http: { url: "http://localhost:4096" } },
@@ -48,13 +47,13 @@ describe("server persistence schema", () => {
      recentlyClosed: {},
    })
    expect(input.list[1]).toHaveProperty("username", "legacy")
-    const encoded = Schema.encodeSync(schema)(state)
+    const encoded = schema.encode(state)
    expect(encoded).toEqual(state)
-    expect(Schema.decodeUnknownSync(schema)(encoded)).toEqual(state)
+    expect(Codec.decodeOrThrow(schema, encoded)).toEqual(state)
  })

  test("defaults missing or malformed fields and drops invalid entries independently", () => {
-    const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(serverSchema())
+    const decode = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(serverSchema(), input))
    const empty = { list: [], hidden: {}, projects: {}, lastProject: {}, recentlyClosed: {} }
    expect(decode({})).toEqual(empty)
    expect(decode({ list: null, hidden: [], projects: false, lastProject: 1, recentlyClosed: "bad" })).toEqual(empty)
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@ describe("server persistence schema", () => {

  test("moves canonical project buckets without changing server keys or unrelated scopes", () => {
    const schema = serverSchema(() => "https://opencode.example.com")
-    const state = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(schema)({
+    const state = Codec.decodeOrThrow(schema, {
      list: ["https://opencode.example.com"],
      hidden: { "https://opencode.example.com": true },
      projects: {
@@ -100,14 +99,14 @@ describe("server persistence schema", () => {
    expect(state.list[0]?.http.url).toBe("https://opencode.example.com")
    expect(state.hidden).toEqual({ "https://opencode.example.com": true })
    expect(state.recentlyClosed).toEqual({ local: ["/closed"], "https://opencode.example.com": ["/old-closed"] })
-    expect(Schema.encodeSync(schema)(state)).toEqual(state)
-    expect(Schema.decodeUnknownSync(schema)(state)).toEqual(state)
+    expect(schema.encode(state)).toEqual(state)
+    expect(Codec.decodeOrThrow(schema, state)).toEqual(state)
  })

  test("reads the latest canonical local prop on each decode", () => {
    const props: { canonicalLocalServer?: string } = {}
    const schema = serverSchema(() => props.canonicalLocalServer)
-    const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(schema)
+    const decode = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(schema, input))
    const input = {
      projects: { remote: [{ worktree: "/project", expanded: true }] },
      lastProject: { remote: "/project" },
@@ -122,7 +121,7 @@ describe("server persistence schema", () => {
  })

  test("migrates a last project without a project list", () => {
-    expect(Schema.decodeUnknownSync(serverSchema(() => "remote"))({ lastProject: { remote: "/project" } })).toEqual({
+    expect(Codec.decodeOrThrow(serverSchema(() => "remote"), { lastProject: { remote: "/project" } })).toEqual({
      list: [],
      hidden: {},
      projects: {},
@@ -134,7 +133,7 @@ describe("server persistence schema", () => {

 describe("model persistence schema", () => {
  test("defaults missing state and keeps valid entries beside malformed entries", () => {
-    const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(ModelState, { user: [], recent: [], variant: {} }))
+    const decode = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(ModelState, { user: [], recent: [], variant: {} }), input))
    expect(decode({})).toEqual({ user: [], recent: [], variant: {} })
    expect(decode({ user: null, recent: 1, variant: [] })).toEqual({ user: [], recent: [], variant: {} })
    const state = decode({
@@ -155,24 +154,24 @@ describe("model persistence schema", () => {
      recent: [{ providerID: "provider", modelID: "model" }],
      variant: { model: "high" },
    })
-    expect(Schema.encodeSync(ModelState)(state)).toEqual(state)
+    expect(ModelState.encode(state)).toEqual(state)
  })
 })

 describe("directory cache schemas", () => {
  test("defaults missing and malformed VCS caches but retains optional branch metadata", () => {
-    const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(VcsState, { value: undefined }))
+    const decode = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(VcsState, { value: undefined }), input))
    expect(decode({})).toEqual({ value: undefined })
    expect(decode({ value: null })).toEqual({ value: undefined })
    expect(decode({ value: { branch: 1 } })).toEqual({ value: undefined })
    expect(decode({ value: { default_branch: "main" } })).toEqual({ value: { default_branch: "main" } })
    const state = decode({ value: { branch: "feature", default_branch: "main", obsolete: true } })
    expect(state).toEqual({ value: { branch: "feature", default_branch: "main" } })
-    expect(Schema.encodeSync(VcsState)(state)).toEqual(state)
+    expect(VcsState.encode(state)).toEqual(state)
  })

  test("validates project name, icon overrides and startup commands", () => {
-    const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(ProjectState, { value: undefined }))
+    const decode = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(ProjectState, { value: undefined }), input))
    expect(decode({})).toEqual({ value: undefined })
    expect(decode({ value: [] })).toEqual({ value: undefined })
    expect(decode({ value: { icon: { override: 1 } } })).toEqual({ value: undefined })
@@ -185,7 +184,7 @@ describe("directory cache schemas", () => {
        commands: { start: "bun dev" },
      },
    })
-    expect(Schema.encodeSync(ProjectState)(state)).toEqual(state)
+    expect(ProjectState.encode(state)).toEqual(state)
    expect(state.value).toEqual({
      name: "Project",
      icon: { override: "data:image/png;base64,abc", color: "blue" },
@@ -194,12 +193,12 @@ describe("directory cache schemas", () => {
  })

  test("validates optional icon strings", () => {
-    const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(IconState, { value: undefined }))
+    const decode = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(IconState, { value: undefined }), input))
    expect(decode({})).toEqual({ value: undefined })
    expect(decode({ value: 42 })).toEqual({ value: undefined })
    expect(decode({ value: null })).toEqual({ value: undefined })
    expect(decode({ value: "" })).toEqual({ value: "" })
-    expect(Schema.encodeSync(IconState)(decode({ value: "data:image/png;base64,abc" }))).toEqual({
+    expect(IconState.encode(decode({ value: "data:image/png;base64,abc" }))).toEqual({
      value: "data:image/png;base64,abc",
    })
  })
@@ -255,7 +254,7 @@ test.skipIf(isServer)(
      const stored = values.get("opencode.global.dat:server")
      expect(stored).toBeDefined()
      if (!stored) throw new Error("server state was not written")
-      const decoded = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Schema.fromJsonString(serverSchema()))(stored)
+      const decoded = Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.fromJsonString(serverSchema()), stored)
      expect(decoded.projects.local).toEqual([{ worktree: "/project", expanded: true }])
      expect(stored).not.toContain("username")
      expect(decoded.list).toEqual(root.state[0].list)
@@ -264,3 +263,4 @@ test.skipIf(isServer)(
    }
  },
 )
+
@@ -1,136 +1,127 @@
-import { Effect, Option, Schema, SchemaGetter } from "effect"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
+import { ServerKey } from "./key"

-export const ServerKey = Schema.String.pipe(Schema.brand("ServerConnection.Key"))
+export { ServerKey }

-export const ServerHttpBase = Persistence.struct({
-  url: Schema.String,
-  password: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+export const ServerHttpBase = Codec.struct({
+  url: Codec.string,
+  password: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
 })

-export const ServerHttp = Persistence.struct({
-  type: Schema.Literal("http"),
+export const ServerHttp = Codec.struct({
+  type: Codec.literal("http"),
  http: ServerHttpBase,
-  authToken: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
-  displayName: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  label: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  authToken: Codec.optional(Codec.boolean),
+  displayName: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
+  label: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
 })

-const StoredServer = Schema.Union([ServerHttp, ServerHttpBase, Schema.String]).pipe(
-  Schema.decodeTo(ServerHttp, {
-    decode: SchemaGetter.transform((value) => {
-      if (typeof value === "string") return { type: "http", http: { url: value } }
-      if ("http" in value) return value
-      return { type: "http", http: value }
-    }),
-    encode: SchemaGetter.transform((value) => value),
-  }),
-)
-
-const ProjectList = Persistence.array(
-  Persistence.struct({
-    worktree: Schema.String,
-    expanded: Persistence.fallback(Schema.Boolean, () => true),
-  }),
-)
-const Projects = Persistence.record(ProjectList)
-const LastProject = Persistence.record(Schema.String.pipe(Schema.catchDecoding(() => Effect.succeed(Option.none()))))
-
-const State = Persistence.struct({
-  list: Persistence.array(StoredServer),
-  hidden: Schema.Record(
-    Schema.String,
-    Schema.mutableKey(Schema.Boolean.pipe(Schema.catchDecoding(() => Effect.succeed(Option.none())))),
-  ),
-  projects: Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.mutableKey(ProjectList)),
-  lastProject: Schema.Record(
-    Schema.String,
-    Schema.mutableKey(Schema.String.pipe(Schema.catchDecoding(() => Effect.succeed(Option.none())))),
-  ),
-  recentlyClosed: Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.mutableKey(Persistence.array(Schema.String))),
+// Servers were stored as a URL string, then as the HTTP block alone, before the current shape.
+const StoredServer = Codec.decodeTo(Codec.union([ServerHttp, ServerHttpBase, Codec.string]), ServerHttp, {
+  decode: (value) => {
+    if (typeof value === "string") return { type: "http" as const, http: { url: value } }
+    if ("http" in value) return value
+    return { type: "http" as const, http: value }
+  },
+  encode: (value) => value,
 })

+const ProjectList = Codec.lenientArray(
+  Codec.struct({
+    worktree: Codec.string,
+    expanded: Codec.fallback(Codec.boolean, () => true),
+  }),
+)
+const Projects = Codec.lenientRecord(ProjectList)
+const LastProject = Codec.fallback(Codec.sparseRecord(Codec.string), () => ({}))
+
+const State = Codec.struct({
+  list: Codec.lenientArray(StoredServer),
+  hidden: Codec.sparseRecord(Codec.boolean),
+  projects: Codec.record(ProjectList),
+  lastProject: Codec.sparseRecord(Codec.string),
+  recentlyClosed: Codec.record(Codec.lenientArray(Codec.string)),
+})
+
+const StoredState = Codec.struct({ projects: Projects, lastProject: LastProject }, { preserve: true })
+
+// Projects and last-opened entries recorded under the canonical local server's URL move under
+// "local" when that URL is known, so they survive the server changing address.
 export function serverState(canonicalLocalServer: () => string | undefined = () => undefined) {
-  return Persistence.migrate(
+  return Codec.migrate(
    State,
-    Schema.Struct({ projects: Projects, lastProject: LastProject }).pipe(
-      Schema.decode({
-        decode: SchemaGetter.transform((value) => {
-          const canonical = canonicalLocalServer()
-          if (!canonical || canonical === "local") return value
-          const previous = value.projects[canonical]
-          const last = value.lastProject[canonical]
-          if (!previous && last === undefined) return value
+    Codec.transform(StoredState, {
+      decode: (value) => {
+        const canonical = canonicalLocalServer()
+        if (!canonical || canonical === "local") return value
+        const previous = value.projects[canonical]
+        const last = value.lastProject[canonical]
+        if (!previous && last === undefined) return value

-          const projects = { ...value.projects }
-          if (previous) {
-            const local = projects.local ?? []
-            const worktrees = new Set(local.map((project) => project.worktree))
-            projects.local = [
-              ...local,
-              ...previous.filter((project) => {
-                if (worktrees.has(project.worktree)) return false
-                worktrees.add(project.worktree)
-                return true
-              }),
-            ]
-            delete projects[canonical]
-          }
-          const lastProject = { ...value.lastProject }
-          if (last !== undefined) {
-            lastProject.local ??= last
-            delete lastProject[canonical]
-          }
-          return { ...value, projects, lastProject }
-        }),
-        encode: SchemaGetter.transform((value) => value),
-      }),
-    ),
+        const projects = { ...value.projects }
+        if (previous) {
+          const local = projects.local ?? []
+          const worktrees = new Set(local.map((project) => project.worktree))
+          projects.local = [
+            ...local,
+            ...previous.filter((project) => {
+              if (worktrees.has(project.worktree)) return false
+              worktrees.add(project.worktree)
+              return true
+            }),
+          ]
+          delete projects[canonical]
+        }
+        const lastProject = { ...value.lastProject }
+        if (last !== undefined) {
+          lastProject.local ??= last
+          delete lastProject[canonical]
+        }
+        return { ...value, projects, lastProject }
+      },
+      encode: (value) => value,
+    }),
  )
 }

-export const ModelState = Persistence.struct({
-  user: Persistence.array(
-    Persistence.struct({
-      providerID: Schema.String,
-      modelID: Schema.String,
-      visibility: Schema.Literals(["show", "hide"]),
-      favorite: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+export const ModelState = Codec.struct({
+  user: Codec.lenientArray(
+    Codec.struct({
+      providerID: Codec.string,
+      modelID: Codec.string,
+      visibility: Codec.literals(["show", "hide"]),
+      favorite: Codec.optional(Codec.boolean),
    }),
  ),
-  recent: Persistence.array(Persistence.struct({ providerID: Schema.String, modelID: Schema.String })),
-  variant: Schema.Record(
-    Schema.String,
-    Schema.mutableKey(
-      Schema.UndefinedOr(Schema.String).pipe(Schema.catchDecoding(() => Effect.succeed(Option.none()))),
-    ),
-  ),
+  recent: Codec.lenientArray(Codec.struct({ providerID: Codec.string, modelID: Codec.string })),
+  variant: Codec.sparseRecord(Codec.undefinedOr(Codec.string)),
 })

-export const VcsState = Persistence.struct({
-  value: Schema.optional(
-    Persistence.struct({
-      branch: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-      default_branch: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+export const VcsState = Codec.struct({
+  value: Codec.optional(
+    Codec.struct({
+      branch: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
+      default_branch: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
    }),
  ),
 })

-const ProjectMeta = Persistence.struct({
-  name: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  icon: Schema.optional(
-    Persistence.struct({
-      override: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-      color: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+const ProjectMeta = Codec.struct({
+  name: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
+  icon: Codec.optional(
+    Codec.struct({
+      override: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
+      color: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
    }),
  ),
-  commands: Schema.optional(Persistence.struct({ start: Schema.optional(Schema.String) })),
+  commands: Codec.optional(Codec.struct({ start: Codec.optional(Codec.string) })),
 })

-export const ProjectState = Persistence.struct({
-  value: Schema.optional(ProjectMeta),
+export const ProjectState = Codec.struct({
+  value: Codec.optional(ProjectMeta),
 })

-export const IconState = Persistence.struct({
-  value: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+export const IconState = Codec.struct({
+  value: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
 })
+
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
 import { canRemoveServer, createServerProjects, resolveServerList, ServerConnection } from "./registry"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { serverState } from "./persistence"
 import { createStore } from "solid-js/store"
 import { ServerScope } from "./scope"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"

 function serverSchema() {
-  return Persistence.withInitial(serverState(), {
+  return Codec.withInitial(serverState(), {
    list: [],
    hidden: {},
    projects: {},
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ function serverSchema() {
 describe("resolveServerList", () => {
  test("lets startup auth_token credentials override a persisted same-url server", () => {
    const list = resolveServerList({
-      stored: Schema.decodeUnknownSync(serverSchema())({ list: [{ url: "https://server.example.test" }] }).list,
+      stored: Codec.decodeOrThrow(serverSchema(), { list: [{ url: "https://server.example.test" }] }).list,
      props: [
        {
          type: "http",
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ describe("resolveServerList", () => {

  test("keeps persisted credentials when startup has no auth_token", () => {
    const list = resolveServerList({
-      stored: Schema.decodeUnknownSync(serverSchema())({
+      stored: Codec.decodeOrThrow(serverSchema(), {
        list: [{ url: "https://server.example.test", password: "saved" }],
      }).list,
      props: [{ type: "http", http: { url: "https://server.example.test" } }],
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ test("treats WSL sidecars as remote server connections", () => {
 })

 test("keeps exact persisted server identities and prevents removing provided servers", () => {
-  const stored = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(serverSchema())({
+  const stored = Codec.decodeOrThrow(serverSchema(), {
    list: ["http://localhost:4096", "http://localhost:4096/", "http://127.0.0.1:4096"],
  }).list
  expect(resolveServerList({ stored }).map((server) => String(ServerConnection.key(server)))).toEqual([
@@ -91,7 +90,7 @@ test("keeps exact persisted server identities and prevents removing provided ser
 })

 test("project actions update schema-derived state and follow dynamic server scopes", () => {
-  const [store, setStore] = createStore(Schema.decodeUnknownSync(serverSchema())({}))
+  const [store, setStore] = createStore(Codec.decodeOrThrow(serverSchema(), {}))
  const props: { server: ServerConnection.Key; canonicalLocalServer?: ServerConnection.Key } = {
    server: ServerConnection.Key.make("https://remote.example"),
  }
@@ -115,3 +114,4 @@ test("project actions update schema-derived state and follow dynamic server scop
  expect(store.projects.local).toEqual([{ worktree: "/local", expanded: true }])
  expect(store.projects[props.server]).toEqual([{ worktree: "/remote", expanded: false }])
 })
+
@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@ export type FileContent = {
  }
  encoding?: "base64"
  mimeType?: string
-  /** On-disk size when the bytes themselves are not retained. */
-  size?: number
 }

 export type Path = {
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-import { Option, Schema } from "effect"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
 import { normalizeServerUrl } from "@/runtime/server/registry"

-const pairing = Schema.fromJsonString(
-  Schema.Struct({
-    urls: Schema.Array(Schema.String),
-    username: Schema.Literal("opencode"),
-    password: Schema.String,
-  }),
+const pairing = Codec.fromJsonString(
+  Codec.struct({
+    urls: Codec.array(Codec.string),
+    username: Codec.literal("opencode"),
+    password: Codec.string,
+  }),
 )

 export function serverAddress(value: string) {
@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ export function serverAddress(value: string) {
 }

 export function decodePairingCode(value: string) {
-  const result = Schema.decodeUnknownOption(pairing)(value)
-  if (Option.isNone(result)) return
-  const urls = [...new Set(result.value.urls.map(serverAddress).filter((url) => url !== undefined))]
-  if (!urls.length) return
-  return { urls, password: result.value.password }
+  const result = Codec.decodeOption(pairing, value)
+  if (!result) return
+  const urls = [...new Set(result.urls.map(serverAddress).filter((url) => url !== undefined))]
+  if (!urls.length) return
+  return { urls, password: result.password }
 }
+
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import { Effect, Fiber } from "effect"
 import { createEffect, onCleanup } from "solid-js"
 import { createStore } from "solid-js/store"
 import type { SshConfig, SshItem, SshPlatform } from "./types"
@@ -24,7 +23,8 @@ export function createSshController(input: {
      | undefined
    >
  >({})
-  const tasks = new Map<string, Fiber.Fiber<void>>()
+  // One in-flight request per server; cancelling settles it immediately and ignores its outcome.
+  const tasks = new Map<string, { cancelled: boolean }>()
  const item = (id: string) => input.items().find((item) => item.config.id === id)
  const settle = (id: string) => {
    const attempt = attempts[id]
@@ -33,31 +33,32 @@ export function createSshController(input: {
    setAttempts(id, { active: false, onConnected: undefined })
    if (item(id)?.stage === "ready" && onConnected) queueMicrotask(onConnected)
  }
-  const run = (id: string, effect: Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown>) => {
-    setAttempts(id, { submitting: true, error: false })
-    tasks.set(
-      id,
-      Effect.runFork(
-        effect.pipe(
-          Effect.asVoid,
-          Effect.catch(() =>
-            Effect.sync(() => {
-              setAttempts(id, "error", true)
-              if (!attempts[id]?.prompted) input.error()
-            }),
-          ),
-          Effect.ensuring(
-            Effect.sync(() => {
-              tasks.delete(id)
-              setAttempts(id, "submitting", false)
-            }),
-          ),
-        ),
-      ),
-    )
-  }
-  onCleanup(() => {
-    Effect.runFork(Effect.forEach([...tasks.values()], Fiber.interrupt, { discard: true }))
+  const finish = (id: string, task: { cancelled: boolean }) => {
+    if (task.cancelled) return
+    task.cancelled = true
+    if (tasks.get(id) === task) tasks.delete(id)
+    setAttempts(id, "submitting", false)
+  }
+  const interrupt = (id: string) => {
+    const task = tasks.get(id)
+    if (task) finish(id, task)
+  }
+  const run = (id: string, work: () => Promise<unknown>) => {
+    setAttempts(id, { submitting: true, error: false })
+    const task = { cancelled: false }
+    tasks.set(id, task)
+    work().then(
+      () => finish(id, task),
+      () => {
+        if (task.cancelled) return
+        setAttempts(id, "error", true)
+        if (!attempts[id]?.prompted) input.error()
+        finish(id, task)
+      },
+    )
+  }
+  onCleanup(() => {
+    for (const id of [...tasks.keys()]) interrupt(id)
  })
  createEffect(() => {
    for (const item of input.items()) {
@@ -114,40 +115,32 @@ export function createSshController(input: {
        error: false,
        onConnected: options?.onConnected ?? (options?.replace ? attempts[config.id]?.onConnected : undefined),
      })
-      run(
-        config.id,
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          yield* Effect.tryPromise(() => api.start({ ...config, replace: options?.replace }))
-          // Observe admission before treating an older disconnected snapshot as cancellation.
-          yield* Effect.tryPromise(input.refresh)
-        }),
-      )
+      run(config.id, async () => {
+        await api.start({ ...config, replace: options?.replace })
+        // Observe admission before treating an older disconnected snapshot as cancellation.
+        await input.refresh()
+      })
    },
    respond: (id: string, prompt: string, value: string) => {
      const api = input.api
      if (!api || item(id)?.prompt?.id !== prompt || attempts[id]?.submitting) return
      if (attempts[id]?.answered === prompt && !attempts[id]?.error) return
      setAttempts(id, "answered", prompt)
-      run(
-        id,
-        Effect.tryPromise(() => api.respond(id, prompt, value)),
-      )
+      run(id, () => api.respond(id, prompt, value))
    },
-    cancel: (id: string) => {
-      const task = tasks.get(id)
-      const api = input.api
-      Effect.runFork(
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          if (task) yield* Fiber.interrupt(task)
-          setAttempts(id, undefined)
-          if (!api) return
-          yield* Effect.tryPromise(() => api.cancel(id))
-          if (!item(id)?.saved) yield* Effect.tryPromise(() => api.forget(id))
-        }).pipe(Effect.ignore),
-      )
+    cancel: (id: string) => {
+      const api = input.api
+      interrupt(id)
+      setAttempts(id, undefined)
+      if (!api) return
+      void api
+        .cancel(id)
+        .then(() => (item(id)?.saved ? undefined : api.forget(id)))
+        .catch(() => undefined)
    },
    restore: (config: SshConfig) => input.api?.start({ ...config, background: true }),
    disconnect: (id: string) => input.api?.disconnect(id),
    forget: (id: string) => input.api?.forget(id),
  }
 }
+
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import { Schema } from "effect"
+
+// The SSH state contract between the desktop main process and its renderer. Only the main process
+// needs the schemas (its RPC server validates with them); the renderer imports the types from ./types.
+
+export const SshConfig = Schema.Struct({ id: Schema.String, target: Schema.String, name: Schema.String })
+export type SshConfig = typeof SshConfig.Type
+export const SshHttp = Schema.Struct({ url: Schema.String, password: Schema.String })
+export type SshHttp = typeof SshHttp.Type
+export const SshStage = Schema.Literals([
+  "disconnected",
+  "connecting",
+  "checking",
+  "downloading",
+  "uploading",
+  "starting",
+  "ready",
+  "authentication",
+  "incompatible",
+  "failed",
+])
+export const SshPrompt = Schema.Struct({
+  id: Schema.String,
+  text: Schema.String,
+  confirm: Schema.Boolean,
+})
+export const SshItem = Schema.Struct({
+  config: SshConfig,
+  saved: Schema.Boolean,
+  destination: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  stage: SshStage,
+  http: Schema.optional(SshHttp),
+  prompt: Schema.optional(SshPrompt),
+  authenticatingElsewhere: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  detail: Schema.String,
+  error: Schema.optional(
+    Schema.Literals([
+      "connection",
+      "input",
+      "platform",
+      "version",
+      "install",
+      "service",
+      "host-key",
+      "ssh-missing",
+      "unpublished",
+    ]),
+  ),
+})
+export type SshItem = typeof SshItem.Type
+export const SshState = Schema.Struct({ servers: Schema.Array(SshItem) })
+export type SshState = typeof SshState.Type
+export const SshStart = Schema.Struct({
+  id: Schema.String,
+  target: Schema.String,
+  name: Schema.String,
+  replace: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  background: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+})
+export type SshStart = typeof SshStart.Type
+
@@ -1,63 +1,9 @@
-import { Schema } from "effect"
-export { sshHostname, sshName } from "./name"
-export { isSshConnecting } from "./status"
-
-export const SshConfig = Schema.Struct({ id: Schema.String, target: Schema.String, name: Schema.String })
-export type SshConfig = typeof SshConfig.Type
-export const SshHttp = Schema.Struct({ url: Schema.String, password: Schema.String })
-export type SshHttp = typeof SshHttp.Type
-export const SshStage = Schema.Literals([
-  "disconnected",
-  "connecting",
-  "checking",
-  "downloading",
-  "uploading",
-  "starting",
-  "ready",
-  "authentication",
-  "incompatible",
-  "failed",
-])
-export const SshPrompt = Schema.Struct({
-  id: Schema.String,
-  text: Schema.String,
-  confirm: Schema.Boolean,
-})
-export const SshItem = Schema.Struct({
-  config: SshConfig,
-  saved: Schema.Boolean,
-  destination: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  stage: SshStage,
-  http: Schema.optional(SshHttp),
-  prompt: Schema.optional(SshPrompt),
-  authenticatingElsewhere: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
-  detail: Schema.String,
-  error: Schema.optional(
-    Schema.Literals([
-      "connection",
-      "input",
-      "platform",
-      "version",
-      "install",
-      "service",
-      "host-key",
-      "ssh-missing",
-      "unpublished",
-    ]),
-  ),
-})
-export type SshItem = typeof SshItem.Type
-export const SshState = Schema.Struct({ servers: Schema.Array(SshItem) })
-export type SshState = typeof SshState.Type
-export const SshStart = Schema.Struct({
-  id: Schema.String,
-  target: Schema.String,
-  name: Schema.String,
-  replace: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
-  background: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
-})
-export type SshStart = typeof SshStart.Type
-
+export { sshHostname, sshName } from "./name"
+export { isSshConnecting } from "./status"
+import type { SshConfig, SshHttp, SshItem, SshStart, SshState } from "./schema"
+
+export type { SshConfig, SshHttp, SshItem, SshStart, SshState }
+
 export type SshPlatform = {
  getState(): Promise<SshState>
  subscribe(callback: (state: SshState) => void): () => void
@@ -70,3 +16,5 @@ export type SshPlatform = {
  forget(id: string): Promise<void>
  openConfig(): Promise<void>
 }
+
+
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
-import { batch, createEffect, createMemo, createRoot, getOwner, on, onCleanup, runWithOwner } from "solid-js"
+import { createEffect, createMemo, getOwner, on, onCleanup, runWithOwner } from "solid-js"
 import { createStore, reconcile } from "solid-js/store"
 import { createSimpleContext } from "@opencode/ui/context"
+import type { Browser } from "@opencode/plugin-browser/rpc"
 import { useLanguage } from "@/runtime/i18n/language"
 import type { BrowserPaneCommand } from "@/runtime/platform/browser-pane"
 import { usePlatform } from "@/runtime/platform/platform"
 import type { useServer } from "@/runtime/server/current"
-import type { SessionStateKey } from "@/runtime/server/scope"
 import { useSettings } from "@/settings/model"
 import { findSessionTab, tabKey, useTabs } from "@/shell/tabs/tabs"
-import { useCurrentRoute, useLayout } from "@/shell/state/layout"
-import { sessionBrowserTab } from "@/shell/state/session-tabs"
+import { useCurrentRoute } from "@/shell/state/layout"
 import { createEventListener } from "@solid-primitives/event-listener"
 import { createBrowserConnection, type BrowserConnectionState } from "./connection"

@@ -36,14 +35,13 @@ export const { use: useBrowserAttachments, provider: BrowserAttachmentsProvider
    const settings = useSettings()
    const language = useLanguage()
    const shellTabs = useTabs()
-    const layout = useLayout()
    const route = useCurrentRoute()
    const owner = getOwner()
    const [store, setStore] = createStore<Record<string, BrowserAttachment | undefined>>({})
    // Servers whose plugin lacks the browser RPC; sessions on them stop retrying.
    const [unsupported, setUnsupported] = createStore<Record<string, true | undefined>>({})
    const live = new Map<string, Live>()
-    const preview = new Map<string, Set<(path: string) => void>>()
+    const focus = new Map<string, Set<(tabID: Browser.TabID) => void>>()
    const key = (server: Server, sessionID: string) => `${server.key}\n${sessionID}`
    const enabled = createMemo(
      () => !!platform.browserPane && settings.ready() && settings.general.experimentalBrowser(),
@@ -89,14 +87,11 @@ export const { use: useBrowserAttachments, provider: BrowserAttachmentsProvider
      enabled,
      supported: (server: Server) => !unsupported[server.key],
      state: (server: Server, sessionID: string) => store[key(server, sessionID)],
-      attach(server: Server, sessionID: string, sessionKey: SessionStateKey) {
+      attach(server: Server, sessionID: string) {
        const id = key(server, sessionID)
        if (live.has(id)) return
        const pane = platform.browserPane
        if (!pane || !enabled() || unsupported[server.key] || server.health?.incompatible) return
-        // Focus requests write to the owning session's layout even while another shell tab is routed,
-        // so the Review pane and browser tab are already selected when the user returns to it.
-        const tabs = createRoot((dispose) => ({ dispose, layout: layout.tabs(sessionKey) }), owner)
        const connection = createBrowserConnection({
          pane,
          // Resolve the current port at every wake, including after sidecar replacement.
@@ -105,15 +100,7 @@ export const { use: useBrowserAttachments, provider: BrowserAttachmentsProvider
            sessionID,
            endpoint: { ...server.conn.http, url: server.ctx.sdk.url },
          }),
-          focus: (tabID) => {
-            const tab = sessionBrowserTab(tabID)
-            batch(() => {
-              shellTabs.setPane(findSessionTab(shellTabs.store, server.key, sessionID), "review", true)
-              if (!tabs.layout.all().includes(tab)) tabs.layout.setAll([...tabs.layout.all(), tab])
-              tabs.layout.setActive(tab)
-            })
-          },
-          preview: (path) => preview.get(id)?.forEach((listener) => listener(path)),
+          focus: (tabID) => focus.get(id)?.forEach((listener) => listener(tabID)),
          change: (state) => {
            if (state.error === "browser.pane.unsupported") {
              setUnsupported(server.key, true)
@@ -151,18 +138,17 @@ export const { use: useBrowserAttachments, provider: BrowserAttachmentsProvider
        entry.dispose = () => {
          unsubscribe?.forEach((dispose) => dispose())
          connection.dispose()
-          tabs.dispose()
        }
      },
-      /** Agent requests to show a file in this session's Review pane. */
-      onPreview(server: Server, sessionID: string, listener: (path: string) => void) {
+      /** Desktop focus requests for a mounted session route; nothing is replayed to routes mounted later. */
+      onFocus(server: Server, sessionID: string, listener: (tabID: Browser.TabID) => void) {
        const id = key(server, sessionID)
-        const listeners = preview.get(id) ?? new Set()
+        const listeners = focus.get(id) ?? new Set()
        listeners.add(listener)
-        preview.set(id, listeners)
+        focus.set(id, listeners)
        return () => {
          listeners.delete(listener)
-          if (!listeners.size) preview.delete(id)
+          if (!listeners.size) focus.delete(id)
        }
      },
      command(server: Server, sessionID: string, command: BrowserPaneCommand) {
@@ -28,12 +28,10 @@ function fixture() {
    commands: Browser.Action[]
  }[] = []
  const endpoint = { url: "http://localhost:4096" }
-  const previews: string[] = []
  const connection = createBrowserConnection({
    target: () => ({ serverKey: "browser-test", sessionID: "ses_browser", endpoint: { ...endpoint } }),
    change: (state) => states.push(state),
    focus: () => {},
-    preview: (path) => previews.push(path),
    pane: {
      register(target, emit) {
        const call = { target, emit, closed: false, commands: [] as Browser.Action[] }
@@ -52,21 +50,9 @@ function fixture() {
  })
  connection.wake()
  calls[0].emit({ type: "state", state: browser })
-  return { connection, calls, states, endpoint, previews }
+  return { connection, calls, states, endpoint }
 }

-test("preview requests reach the session without touching connection state", () => {
-  const app = fixture()
-  try {
-    const before = app.states.length
-    app.calls[0].emit({ type: "preview", path: "docs/report.pdf" })
-    expect(app.previews).toEqual(["docs/report.pdf"])
-    expect(app.states).toHaveLength(before)
-  } finally {
-    app.connection.dispose()
-  }
-})
-
 test("suspension retains tabs and reconnects once on demand using the current endpoint", async () => {
  const app = fixture()
  try {
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ export function createBrowserConnection(input: {
  target: () => BrowserPaneTarget
  change: (state: BrowserConnectionState) => void
  focus: (tabID: Browser.TabID) => void
-  preview: (path: string) => void
 }) {
  const state: BrowserConnectionState = { browser: null, suspended: false }
  let disposed = false
@@ -34,7 +33,6 @@ export function createBrowserConnection(input: {
      (event) => {
        if (disposed || state.registration !== registration) return
        if (event.type === "focus") return input.focus(event.tabID)
-        if (event.type === "preview") return input.preview(event.path)
        if (event.error === "browser.pane.unsupported" || event.error === "browser.pane.replaced") {
          blocked = true
          registration.close()
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { batch, createEffect, createMemo, on } from "solid-js"
+import { batch, createEffect, createMemo, on, onCleanup } from "solid-js"
 import type { Browser } from "@opencode/plugin-browser/rpc"
 import { createStore } from "solid-js/store"
 import { useLanguage } from "@/runtime/i18n/language"
@@ -33,6 +33,13 @@ export function createSessionBrowser(session: SessionModel) {
      attachment()?.browser?.tabs.filter((tab) => session.layout.tabs().all().includes(sessionBrowserTab(tab.id))) ??
      [],
  )
+  const focus = (tabID: Browser.TabID) => {
+    session.layout.view().reviewPanel.open()
+    const tabs = session.layout.tabs()
+    const key = sessionBrowserTab(tabID)
+    if (!tabs.all().includes(key)) tabs.setAll([...tabs.all(), key])
+    tabs.setActive(key)
+  }
  const command = (command: BrowserPaneCommand) => {
    const sessionID = session.identity.sessionID()
    if (!sessionID) return
@@ -59,7 +66,8 @@ export function createSessionBrowser(session: SessionModel) {
  createEffect(() => {
    const sessionID = session.identity.sessionID()
    if (!sessionID) return
-    if (attachments.enabled()) attachments.attach(server, sessionID, session.layout.sessionKey())
+    if (attachments.enabled()) attachments.attach(server, sessionID)
+    onCleanup(attachments.onFocus(server, sessionID, focus))
  })
  createEffect(
    on(
@@ -20,18 +20,13 @@ export function SessionBrowserPane(props: { browser: ReturnType<typeof createSes
  const command = useCommand()
  const state = props.browser.active
  const address = () => (state()?.url === "about:blank" ? "" : (state()?.url ?? ""))
-  const failed = () => !!state()?.loadError
  const registration = props.browser.registration
  const button = { variant: "ghost", size: "large" } as const
  const [store, setStore] = createStore({
    address: "",
    editing: false,
-    submitted: false,
-    // A submitted navigation the browser has not reported yet; keeps the empty state hidden meanwhile.
-    navigating: false,
    visible: typeof document === "undefined" || document.visibilityState === "visible",
  })
-  const empty = () => !address() && !state()?.loading && !store.navigating
  let surface: HTMLDivElement | undefined
  let addressDisplay: HTMLDivElement | undefined
  let frame: number | undefined
@@ -48,7 +43,7 @@ export function SessionBrowserPane(props: { browser: ReturnType<typeof createSes
      title: language.t("command.browser.reload"),
      category: language.t("command.category.view"),
      keybind: "f5",
-      disabled: !props.visible || !address(),
+      disabled: !props.visible || !state(),
      onSelect: () => {
        const tab = state()
        if (tab) props.browser.command({ type: "reload", tabID: tab.id })
@@ -76,9 +71,7 @@ export function SessionBrowserPane(props: { browser: ReturnType<typeof createSes
    const top = Math.round(rect.top * zoom)
    const right = Math.round(rect.right * zoom)
    const bottom = Math.round(rect.bottom * zoom)
-    // The desktop page hides blank and loading documents itself; only hide here
-    // while the pane shows its own empty or failed state over the surface.
-    const visible = props.visible && store.visible && !empty() && !failed() && !dialog.active && !covered(rect)
+    const visible = props.visible && store.visible && !dialog.active && !covered(rect)
    // The cutout exposes the app backdrop outside the rounded Review card,
    // not the browser surface inside it.
    const color = getComputedStyle(
@@ -114,25 +107,7 @@ export function SessionBrowserPane(props: { browser: ReturnType<typeof createSes
    if (frame === undefined) frame = requestAnimationFrame(tick)
  }

-  createEffect(on([() => state()?.id, address], () => !store.editing && setStore("address", address())))
-  // Any reported movement, including a rejected or blocked request, ends the submitted navigation.
-  createEffect(
-    on(
-      [() => state()?.id, () => state()?.generation, () => state()?.loading, () => props.browser.error()],
-      () => setStore("navigating", false),
-      { defer: true },
-    ),
-  )
-  // A blocked or rejected submission leaves the page where it was; show that page's URL again.
-  createEffect(
-    on(
-      () => props.browser.error(),
-      (error) => {
-        if (error && !store.editing) setStore("address", address())
-      },
-      { defer: true },
-    ),
-  )
+  createEffect(() => !store.editing && setStore("address", address()))
  createEffect(
    on(registration, (current) => {
      // Session routes can change before this pane unmounts. Hide the registration
@@ -148,8 +123,6 @@ export function SessionBrowserPane(props: { browser: ReturnType<typeof createSes
        () => store.visible,
        () => props.visible,
        () => state()?.id,
-        empty,
-        failed,
        registration,
      ],
      () => {
@@ -184,7 +157,7 @@ export function SessionBrowserPane(props: { browser: ReturnType<typeof createSes

  return (
    <aside id="browser-panel" class="relative size-full min-w-0 overflow-hidden bg-v2-background-bg-base flex flex-col">
-      <div class="h-10 shrink-0 flex items-center gap-1 px-3 border-b border-v2-border-border-muted">
+      <div class="h-10 shrink-0 flex items-center gap-1 px-2 border-b border-v2-border-border-muted">
        <For each={["back", "forward"] as const}>
          {(direction) => (
            <Tooltip placement="top" value={language.t(direction === "back" ? "common.goBack" : "common.goForward")}>
@@ -220,7 +193,7 @@ export function SessionBrowserPane(props: { browser: ReturnType<typeof createSes
        >
          <IconButton
            {...button}
-            disabled={!state()?.loading && !address()}
+            disabled={!state()}
            aria-label={language.t(state()?.loading ? "prompt.action.stop" : "error.page.action.reload")}
            onClick={() => {
              const tab = state()
@@ -239,13 +212,8 @@ export function SessionBrowserPane(props: { browser: ReturnType<typeof createSes
          onSubmit={(event) => {
            event.preventDefault()
            const tab = state()
-            const url = store.address.trim()
-            if (!tab) return
-            if (url || failed()) {
-              setStore({ submitted: true, address: url, navigating: true })
-              props.browser.command({ type: "navigate", tabID: tab.id, url: url || "about:blank" })
-            }
-            event.currentTarget.querySelector("input")?.blur()
+            if (tab && store.address.trim())
+              props.browser.command({ type: "navigate", tabID: tab.id, url: store.address })
          }}
        >
          <input
@@ -256,14 +224,8 @@ export function SessionBrowserPane(props: { browser: ReturnType<typeof createSes
            disabled={!state()}
            placeholder={language.t("session.browser.address.placeholder")}
            aria-label={language.t("session.browser.address")}
-            onFocus={(event) => {
-              setStore("editing", true)
-              event.currentTarget.select()
-            }}
-            onClick={(event) => event.currentTarget.select()}
-            onBlur={() =>
-              setStore({ editing: false, address: store.submitted ? store.address : address(), submitted: false })
-            }
+            onFocus={() => setStore("editing", true)}
+            onBlur={() => setStore({ editing: false, address: address() })}
            onInput={(event) => setStore("address", event.currentTarget.value)}
            onScroll={(event) => {
              if (addressDisplay) addressDisplay.scrollLeft = event.currentTarget.scrollLeft
@@ -281,27 +243,12 @@ export function SessionBrowserPane(props: { browser: ReturnType<typeof createSes
          </div>
        </form>
      </div>
-      <Show when={props.browser.error() && !failed()}>
+      <Show when={props.browser.error()}>
        <div class="shrink-0 px-3 py-1.5 text-12-regular text-text-danger-base border-b border-v2-border-border-muted">
          {props.browser.error()}
        </div>
      </Show>
      <div ref={surface} class="min-h-0 flex-1 bg-v2-background-bg-base flex items-center justify-center">
-        <Show when={(empty() || failed()) && !props.browser.suspended()}>
-          {/* Add the 40px toolbar to the file empty state's 160px bottom padding to align their centers. */}
-          <div
-            dir="auto"
-            class="flex size-full flex-col items-center justify-center gap-2 p-6 pb-[200px] text-center text-text-weak"
-          >
-            <Icon name="globe" size="large" class="mb-2 shrink-0" />
-            <div class="text-[13px] font-medium leading-[var(--line-height-compact)] text-text-strong">
-              {language.t(failed() ? "session.browser.failed.title" : "session.browser.empty.title")}
-            </div>
-            <div class="text-13-regular leading-[var(--line-height-base)]">
-              {language.t(failed() ? "session.browser.failed.description" : "session.browser.empty.description")}
-            </div>
-          </div>
-        </Show>
        <Show when={props.browser.suspended()}>
          <p class="px-6 text-center text-13-regular text-v2-text-text-subtle" role="status">
            {language.t("session.browser.suspended")}
@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-/* The control defaults to a fixed 232px with equal segments; here it hugs its two labels. */
-[data-slot="artifact-toolbar"] [data-slot="segmented-control-v2"] {
-  width: auto;
-}
-
-[data-slot="artifact-toolbar"] [data-slot="segmented-control-v2-item"] {
-  flex: 0 0 auto;
-  padding: 0 14px;
-}
-
-/* Shrink-wrapped segments round the label box down a fraction; the ellipsis overflow then clips glyph edges. */
-[data-slot="artifact-toolbar"] [data-slot="segmented-control-v2-item-label"] {
-  overflow: visible;
-  max-width: none;
-}
-
-[data-slot="artifact-stage"] {
-  --artifact-check: color-mix(in oklch, var(--v2-text-text-base) 5%, transparent);
-  background-color: var(--v2-background-bg-deep);
-}
-
-[data-slot="artifact-stage"][data-checker] {
-  background-image:
-    linear-gradient(45deg, var(--artifact-check) 25%, transparent 25%),
-    linear-gradient(-45deg, var(--artifact-check) 25%, transparent 25%),
-    linear-gradient(45deg, transparent 75%, var(--artifact-check) 75%),
-    linear-gradient(-45deg, transparent 75%, var(--artifact-check) 75%);
-  background-size: 16px 16px;
-  background-position:
-    0 0,
-    0 8px,
-    8px -8px,
-    -8px 0;
-}
-
-[data-slot="artifact-media"] {
-  display: block;
-  border-radius: 4px;
-  box-shadow:
-    0 0 0 0.5px var(--v2-border-border-base),
-    0 12px 32px -12px color-mix(in oklch, var(--v2-text-text-base) 25%, transparent);
-}
-
-[data-slot="artifact-stage"][data-zoom="fit"] [data-slot="artifact-media"] {
-  max-width: 100%;
-  max-height: 100%;
-  object-fit: contain;
-}
-
-[data-slot="artifact-stage"][data-zoom="fit"][data-overflow] [data-slot="artifact-media"] {
-  cursor: zoom-in;
-}
-
-[data-slot="artifact-stage"][data-zoom="actual"] [data-slot="artifact-media"] {
-  cursor: zoom-out;
-}
-
-[data-slot="artifact-table"] {
-  border-collapse: separate;
-  border-spacing: 0;
-  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
-}
-
-[data-slot="artifact-table"] th,
-[data-slot="artifact-table"] td {
-  padding: 5px 12px;
-  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--v2-border-border-muted);
-  border-inline-end: 1px solid var(--v2-border-border-muted);
-  white-space: pre;
-  max-width: 40ch;
-  overflow: hidden;
-  text-overflow: ellipsis;
-  text-align: start;
-  line-height: var(--line-height-compact);
-}
-
-[data-slot="artifact-table"] th {
-  position: sticky;
-  top: 0;
-  z-index: 1;
-  background: var(--v2-background-bg-layer-01);
-  font-weight: var(--font-weight-medium);
-  color: var(--v2-text-text-muted);
-}
-
-[data-slot="artifact-table"] tbody tr:hover td {
-  background: color-mix(in oklch, var(--v2-text-text-base) 3%, transparent);
-}
-
-[data-slot="artifact-table"] td[data-index] {
-  color: var(--v2-text-text-faint);
-  text-align: end;
-  user-select: none;
-}
@@ -1,454 +0,0 @@
-import { createEffect, createMemo, For, Match, on, onCleanup, Show, Switch, type JSX } from "solid-js"
-import { createStore } from "solid-js/store"
-import { createResizeObserver } from "@solid-primitives/resize-observer"
-import { Button } from "@opencode/ui/button"
-import { FileIcon } from "@opencode/ui/file-icon"
-import { SegmentedControl, SegmentedControlItem } from "@opencode/ui/segmented-control"
-import { ScrollView } from "@opencode/ui/scroll-view"
-import { Markdown } from "@opencode/session-ui/markdown"
-import { MarkdownProvider, useMarkdown } from "@opencode/session-ui/context/markdown"
-import { getDirectory, getFilename } from "@opencode/util/path"
-import type { FileContent } from "@/runtime/server/types"
-import { useLanguage } from "@/runtime/i18n/language"
-import {
-  artifactKind,
-  blobUrlFromContent,
-  contentBytes,
-  parseDelimited,
-  resolveArtifactPath,
-  type ArtifactKind,
-} from "@/workspaces/files/artifact"
-import { useArtifactOpener } from "@/session/files/open-artifact"
-import "./artifact-view.css"
-
-type ArtifactMode = "preview" | "source"
-
-/** Facts a viewer learns from the decoded media, shown in the toolbar. */
-type ArtifactInfo = { width?: number; height?: number; duration?: number; rows?: number; columns?: number }
-
-type MediaProps = {
-  path: string
-  content: FileContent
-  onInfo: (info: ArtifactInfo) => void
-  /** The browser could not decode the bytes; the host falls back to the binary placeholder. */
-  onError: () => void
-}
-
-/** Kinds that render a preview from their text and can toggle back to highlighted source. */
-const previewableKinds = new Set<ArtifactKind>(["svg", "html", "markdown", "mermaid", "table"])
-
-/**
- * Renders a loaded non-text file: media, documents, and data get a dedicated viewer with a toolbar;
- * previewable text kinds can switch to `source`, which the host supplies (its code view).
- */
-export function ArtifactView(props: { path: string; content: FileContent; cacheKey?: string; source: JSX.Element }) {
-  const language = useLanguage()
-  const [state, setState] = createStore({
-    mode: "preview" as ArtifactMode,
-    info: {} as ArtifactInfo,
-    // Media the browser could not decode falls back to the binary placeholder.
-    undecodable: false,
-  })
-  createEffect(
-    on(
-      () => props.content,
-      () => setState({ mode: "preview", info: {}, undecodable: false }),
-      { defer: true },
-    ),
-  )
-
-  const kind = createMemo<ArtifactKind | "binary">(() => {
-    if (props.content.type === "binary" && !props.content.mimeType) return "binary"
-    if (state.undecodable) return "binary"
-    return artifactKind(props.path)
-  })
-  const previewable = createMemo(() => {
-    const value = kind()
-    return value !== "binary" && previewableKinds.has(value)
-  })
-  const meta = createMemo(() => {
-    const info = state.info
-    return [
-      info.width && info.height ? `${info.width} × ${info.height}` : undefined,
-      info.duration ? formatDuration(info.duration) : undefined,
-      info.rows !== undefined ? language.plural("file.view.table.rows", Math.max(0, info.rows - 1)) : undefined,
-      info.columns !== undefined ? language.plural("file.view.table.columns", info.columns) : undefined,
-      formatBytes(language.intl(), contentBytes(props.content)),
-    ].filter((item): item is string => !!item)
-  })
-
-  const media = { onInfo: (info: ArtifactInfo) => setState("info", info), onError: () => setState("undecodable", true) }
-  const rendered = () => (
-    <ScrollView class="min-h-0 flex-1">
-      <Show
-        when={kind() === "markdown"}
-        fallback={<ArtifactMermaid text={props.content.content} cacheKey={props.cacheKey} />}
-      >
-        <ArtifactMarkdown path={props.path} text={props.content.content} cacheKey={props.cacheKey} />
-      </Show>
-    </ScrollView>
-  )
-
-  return (
-    <>
-      <ArtifactToolbar
-        mode={state.mode}
-        onModeChange={previewable() ? (mode) => setState("mode", mode) : undefined}
-        meta={meta()}
-        actions={
-          <Show when={kind() === "html"}>
-            <OpenInBrowserButton path={props.path} />
-          </Show>
-        }
-      />
-      <Show when={!previewable() || state.mode === "preview"} fallback={props.source}>
-        <Switch>
-          <Match when={kind() === "image" || kind() === "svg"}>
-            <ArtifactImage path={props.path} content={props.content} {...media} />
-          </Match>
-          <Match when={kind() === "video"}>
-            <ArtifactVideo path={props.path} content={props.content} {...media} />
-          </Match>
-          <Match when={kind() === "audio"}>
-            <ArtifactAudio path={props.path} content={props.content} {...media} />
-          </Match>
-          <Match when={kind() === "pdf" || kind() === "html"}>
-            <ArtifactFrame path={props.path} content={props.content} kind={kind() === "pdf" ? "pdf" : "html"} />
-          </Match>
-          <Match when={kind() === "font"}>
-            <ArtifactFont path={props.path} content={props.content} />
-          </Match>
-          <Match when={kind() === "table"}>
-            <ArtifactTable path={props.path} text={props.content.content} onInfo={media.onInfo} />
-          </Match>
-          <Match when={kind() === "markdown" || kind() === "mermaid"}>{rendered()}</Match>
-          <Match when={kind() === "binary"}>
-            <ArtifactBinary path={props.path} size={formatBytes(language.intl(), contentBytes(props.content))} />
-          </Match>
-        </Switch>
-      </Show>
-    </>
-  )
-}
-
-function formatBytes(locale: string, bytes: number) {
-  const units = ["byte", "kilobyte", "megabyte", "gigabyte"] as const
-  const index = Math.min(units.length - 1, bytes > 0 ? Math.floor(Math.log10(bytes) / 3) : 0)
-  const value = bytes / 1000 ** index
-  return new Intl.NumberFormat(locale, {
-    style: "unit",
-    unit: units[index],
-    // "short" bytes render as the singular "byte"; the long form pluralizes correctly.
-    unitDisplay: index === 0 ? "long" : "short",
-    maximumFractionDigits: value >= 100 || index === 0 ? 0 : 1,
-  }).format(value)
-}
-
-function formatDuration(seconds: number) {
-  const total = Math.round(seconds)
-  const minutes = Math.floor(total / 60)
-  return `${minutes}:${String(total % 60).padStart(2, "0")}`
-}
-
-function ArtifactToolbar(props: {
-  mode?: ArtifactMode
-  onModeChange?: (mode: ArtifactMode) => void
-  meta: string[]
-  actions?: JSX.Element
-}) {
-  const language = useLanguage()
-  return (
-    <div data-slot="artifact-toolbar" class="flex h-10 shrink-0 items-center gap-3 px-4">
-      <Show when={props.onModeChange}>
-        <SegmentedControl
-          value={props.mode ?? "preview"}
-          onChange={(value) => {
-            if (value === "preview" || value === "source") props.onModeChange?.(value)
-          }}
-        >
-          <SegmentedControlItem value="preview">{language.t("file.view.preview")}</SegmentedControlItem>
-          <SegmentedControlItem value="source">{language.t("file.view.source")}</SegmentedControlItem>
-        </SegmentedControl>
-      </Show>
-      <div class="ms-auto flex min-w-0 items-center gap-3">
-        <div class="flex min-w-0 items-center gap-2 text-12-regular text-text-weak">
-          <For each={props.meta}>
-            {(item, index) => (
-              <>
-                <Show when={index() > 0}>
-                  <span aria-hidden class="text-text-faint">
-                    ·
-                  </span>
-                </Show>
-                <span class="truncate tabular-nums">{item}</span>
-              </>
-            )}
-          </For>
-        </div>
-        {props.actions}
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  )
-}
-
-function OpenInBrowserButton(props: { path: string }) {
-  const language = useLanguage()
-  const artifacts = useArtifactOpener()
-  return (
-    <Show when={artifacts.canOpenInBrowser(props.path)}>
-      <Button size="small" variant="ghost" icon="globe" onClick={() => artifacts.openInBrowser(props.path)}>
-        {language.t("file.view.openInBrowser")}
-      </Button>
-    </Show>
-  )
-}
-
-function createBlobUrl(content: () => FileContent) {
-  return createMemo(() => {
-    const value = blobUrlFromContent(content())
-    onCleanup(() => URL.revokeObjectURL(value))
-    return value
-  })
-}
-
-/** Images and SVG previews: fit the pane, click to inspect at 1:1 when the image is larger. */
-function ArtifactImage(props: MediaProps) {
-  const url = createBlobUrl(() => props.content)
-  const [state, setState] = createStore({ zoom: "fit" as "fit" | "actual", overflow: false, width: 0, height: 0 })
-  let stage: HTMLDivElement | undefined
-  const measure = () => {
-    if (!stage) return
-    setState("overflow", state.width > stage.clientWidth - 48 || state.height > stage.clientHeight - 48)
-  }
-  createResizeObserver(
-    () => stage,
-    () => measure(),
-  )
-  createEffect(() => {
-    url()
-    setState({ zoom: "fit", overflow: false })
-  })
-  return (
-    <div
-      ref={stage}
-      data-slot="artifact-stage"
-      data-checker
-      data-zoom={state.zoom}
-      data-overflow={state.overflow || undefined}
-      class="relative min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-auto"
-    >
-      <div
-        classList={{
-          "absolute inset-0 flex items-center justify-center p-6": state.zoom === "fit",
-          "flex min-h-full min-w-full w-max items-center justify-center p-6": state.zoom === "actual",
-        }}
-      >
-        <img
-          data-slot="artifact-media"
-          src={url()}
-          alt={getFilename(props.path)}
-          draggable={false}
-          onError={() => props.onError()}
-          onLoad={(event) => {
-            const image = event.currentTarget
-            setState({ width: image.naturalWidth, height: image.naturalHeight })
-            props.onInfo({ width: image.naturalWidth, height: image.naturalHeight })
-            measure()
-          }}
-          onClick={() => {
-            if (!state.overflow && state.zoom === "fit") return
-            setState("zoom", state.zoom === "fit" ? "actual" : "fit")
-          }}
-        />
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  )
-}
-
-function ArtifactVideo(props: MediaProps) {
-  const url = createBlobUrl(() => props.content)
-  return (
-    <div data-slot="artifact-stage" data-zoom="fit" class="relative min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-hidden">
-      <div class="absolute inset-0 flex items-center justify-center p-6">
-        <video
-          data-slot="artifact-media"
-          class="w-full bg-black"
-          controls
-          preload="metadata"
-          playsinline
-          onError={() => props.onError()}
-          src={url()}
-          onLoadedMetadata={(event) => {
-            const video = event.currentTarget
-            props.onInfo({ width: video.videoWidth, height: video.videoHeight, duration: video.duration })
-          }}
-        />
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  )
-}
-
-function ArtifactAudio(props: MediaProps) {
-  const url = createBlobUrl(() => props.content)
-  return (
-    <div data-slot="artifact-stage" class="relative min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-auto">
-      <div class="absolute inset-0 flex items-center justify-center p-6">
-        <div class="flex w-full max-w-lg flex-col items-center gap-5 rounded-xl border border-v2-border-border-muted bg-v2-background-bg-base px-8 py-8 shadow-[var(--v2-elevation-raised)]">
-          <div class="flex size-14 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-v2-background-bg-layer-02">
-            <FileIcon node={{ path: props.path, type: "file" }} class="size-7" />
-          </div>
-          <div class="max-w-full truncate text-14-medium text-text-strong">{getFilename(props.path)}</div>
-          <audio
-            class="w-full"
-            onError={() => props.onError()}
-            controls
-            preload="metadata"
-            src={url()}
-            onLoadedMetadata={(event) => props.onInfo({ duration: event.currentTarget.duration })}
-          />
-        </div>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  )
-}
-
-function ArtifactFrame(props: { path: string; content: FileContent; kind: "pdf" | "html" }) {
-  const url = createBlobUrl(() => props.content)
-  // PDF Open Parameters: start with the thumbnail pane closed and the page fitted to the pane width.
-  const src = () => (props.kind === "pdf" ? `${url()}#navpanes=0&view=FitH` : url())
-  return (
-    <iframe
-      class="block h-full w-full flex-1 border-0 bg-white"
-      title={getFilename(props.path)}
-      src={src()}
-      // The PDF viewer is Chromium's own and does not run in a sandboxed frame. HTML runs as an
-      // opaque origin: no app storage, cookies, or credentialed requests reach it.
-      sandbox={props.kind === "html" ? "allow-scripts allow-popups allow-forms allow-modals" : undefined}
-      referrerPolicy="no-referrer"
-    />
-  )
-}
-
-function ArtifactMarkdown(props: { path: string; text: string; cacheKey?: string }) {
-  const parent = useMarkdown()
-  const artifacts = useArtifactOpener()
-  // getDirectory yields "/" for a root-level file, which would make relative links absolute.
-  const dir = createMemo(() => (props.path.includes("/") || props.path.includes("\\") ? getDirectory(props.path) : ""))
-  // Absolute references bypass the file's directory; relative ones resolve against it.
-  const resolve = (href: string) => (/^([a-z]:)?\//i.test(href) ? href : (resolveArtifactPath(dir(), href) ?? href))
-  return (
-    <MarkdownProvider
-      readImage={(src, signal) => parent?.readImage?.(resolve(src), signal) ?? Promise.resolve(undefined)}
-      openLocalFile={(href) => artifacts.open(href, dir())}
-    >
-      <div class="mx-auto w-full max-w-3xl px-8 py-6">
-        <Markdown text={props.text} cacheKey={props.cacheKey} class="select-text" />
-      </div>
-    </MarkdownProvider>
-  )
-}
-
-/** Mermaid sources render through the same fenced-block pipeline the timeline uses. */
-function ArtifactMermaid(props: { text: string; cacheKey?: string }) {
-  return (
-    <div class="mx-auto w-full max-w-4xl px-8 py-6">
-      <Markdown text={`\`\`\`mermaid\n${props.text}\n\`\`\``} cacheKey={props.cacheKey} class="select-text" />
-    </div>
-  )
-}
-
-function ArtifactTable(props: { path: string; text: string; onInfo: (info: ArtifactInfo) => void }) {
-  const language = useLanguage()
-  const parsed = createMemo(() => parseDelimited(props.text, props.path.toLowerCase().endsWith(".tsv") ? "\t" : ","))
-  createEffect(() => props.onInfo({ rows: parsed().total, columns: parsed().columns }))
-  // Pad the header to the widest row so no data column is dropped.
-  const header = () => Array.from({ length: parsed().columns }, (_, index) => parsed().rows[0]?.[index] ?? "")
-  const body = () => parsed().rows.slice(1)
-  return (
-    <div class="min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-auto">
-      <table data-slot="artifact-table" class="min-w-full text-13-regular text-text-base">
-        <thead>
-          <tr>
-            <th data-index />
-            <For each={header()}>{(cell) => <th>{cell}</th>}</For>
-          </tr>
-        </thead>
-        <tbody>
-          <For each={body()}>
-            {(row, index) => (
-              <tr>
-                <td data-index>{index() + 1}</td>
-                <For each={header()}>{(_, column) => <td>{row[column()] ?? ""}</td>}</For>
-              </tr>
-            )}
-          </For>
-        </tbody>
-      </table>
-      <Show when={parsed().total > parsed().rows.length}>
-        <div class="px-4 py-3 text-12-regular text-text-weak">
-          {language.t("file.view.table.truncated", { shown: parsed().rows.length - 1, total: parsed().total - 1 })}
-        </div>
-      </Show>
-    </div>
-  )
-}
-
-const specimenSizes = [12, 16, 24, 40, 64]
-
-function ArtifactFont(props: { path: string; content: FileContent }) {
-  const language = useLanguage()
-  const url = createBlobUrl(() => props.content)
-  const family = createMemo(() => `artifact-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2)}`)
-  createEffect(() => {
-    const face = new FontFace(family(), `url(${url()})`)
-    document.fonts.add(face)
-    void face.load().catch(() => undefined)
-    onCleanup(() => document.fonts.delete(face))
-  })
-  return (
-    <div class="min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-auto">
-      <div class="mx-auto flex w-full max-w-3xl flex-col gap-6 px-8 py-8" style={{ "font-family": `"${family()}"` }}>
-        <div class="text-text-strong" style={{ "font-size": "56px", "line-height": "1.1" }}>
-          {getFilename(props.path).replace(/\.[^.]+$/, "")}
-        </div>
-        <div class="break-all text-text-base" style={{ "font-size": "22px", "line-height": "1.4" }}>
-          ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
-          <br />
-          abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
-          <br />
-          0123456789 !?&@#%(){}[]
-        </div>
-        <div class="flex flex-col gap-3 border-t border-v2-border-border-muted pt-6">
-          <For each={specimenSizes}>
-            {(size) => (
-              <div class="flex items-baseline gap-4">
-                <span
-                  class="w-8 shrink-0 text-12-regular text-text-faint tabular-nums"
-                  style={{ "font-family": "var(--font-family-mono)" }}
-                >
-                  {size}
-                </span>
-                <span class="text-text-base" style={{ "font-size": `${size}px`, "line-height": "1.25" }}>
-                  {language.t("file.view.fontSample")}
-                </span>
-              </div>
-            )}
-          </For>
-        </div>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  )
-}
-
-function ArtifactBinary(props: { path: string; size: string }) {
-  const language = useLanguage()
-  return (
-    <div data-slot="artifact-stage" class="relative min-h-0 flex-1">
-      <div class="absolute inset-0 flex flex-col items-center justify-center gap-3 p-6 text-center">
-        <FileIcon node={{ path: props.path, type: "file" }} class="size-8 text-text-weak" />
-        <div class="text-14-medium text-text-strong">{getFilename(props.path)}</div>
-        <div class="text-13-regular text-text-weak">{language.t("file.view.binary", { size: props.size })}</div>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  )
-}
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { createEffect, createMemo, createSignal, Match, on, onCleanup, Show, Switch } from "solid-js"
+import { createEffect, createMemo, createSignal, Match, on, onCleanup, Switch } from "solid-js"
 import { createStore } from "solid-js/store"
 import { Dynamic } from "solid-js/web"
 import { makeEventListener } from "@solid-primitives/event-listener"
@@ -11,9 +11,8 @@ import { LineCommentOverflowIcon } from "@opencode/ui/line-comment"
 import { Menu } from "@opencode/ui/menu"
 import { Tabs } from "@opencode/ui/tabs"
 import { ScrollView } from "@opencode/ui/scroll-view"
+import { showToast } from "@/shell/notifications/toast"
 import { selectionFromLines, useFile, type FileSelection, type SelectedLineRange } from "@/workspaces/files/model"
-import { artifactKind } from "@/workspaces/files/artifact"
-import { ArtifactView } from "@/session/files/artifact-view"
 import { useComments } from "@/composer/comments"
 import { useLanguage } from "@/runtime/i18n/language"
 import { useComposerState } from "@/composer/persistence"
@@ -206,11 +205,6 @@ export function SessionFileView(props: SessionFileViewProps) {
  })
  const contents = createMemo(() => state()?.content?.content ?? "")
  const cacheKey = createMemo(() => sampledChecksum(contents()))
-  // Plain text keeps the code view; every other kind is rendered by ArtifactView.
-  const artifact = createMemo(() => {
-    const content = state()?.content
-    return content?.type === "binary" || artifactKind(path() ?? "") !== "text"
-  })
  const selectedLines = createMemo<SelectedLineRange | null>(() => {
    const p = path()
    if (!p) return null
@@ -439,42 +433,39 @@ export function SessionFileView(props: SessionFileViewProps) {
        }}
        search={search}
        class="select-text"
-        // Media and previews have their own viewers below; the code view only ever shows text.
-        media={{ mode: "off" }}
+        media={{
+          mode: "auto",
+          path: path(),
+          current: state()?.content,
+          onLoad: scrollSync.queueRestore,
+          onError: (args: { kind: "image" | "audio" | "svg" }) => {
+            if (args.kind !== "svg") return
+            showToast({
+              variant: "error",
+              title: language.t("toast.file.loadFailed.title"),
+            })
+          },
+        }}
      />
    </div>
  )

-  // The code view scrolls inside ScrollView so line state and scroll position persist per tab.
-  const codeView = (source: string) => (
-    <ScrollView class="min-h-0 flex-1" viewportRef={scrollSync.setViewport} onScroll={scrollSync.handleScroll}>
-      {renderFile(source)}
-    </ScrollView>
-  )
-
  const content = () => (
-    <div class="mt-3 relative h-full min-h-0 flex flex-col">
-      <Switch>
-        <Match when={state()?.loaded ? state()?.content : undefined}>
-          {(value) => (
-            <Show when={artifact()} fallback={codeView(value().content)}>
-              <ArtifactView
-                path={path() ?? ""}
-                content={value()}
-                cacheKey={cacheKey()}
-                source={codeView(value().content)}
-              />
-            </Show>
-          )}
-        </Match>
-        <Match when={state()?.loading}>
-          <div class="px-6 py-4 text-text-weak">{language.t("common.loading")}…</div>
-        </Match>
-        <Match when={state()?.notFound ? state()?.name : undefined}>
-          {(name) => <div class="px-6 py-4 text-text-weak">{language.t("file.error.notFound", { name: name() })}</div>}
-        </Match>
-        <Match when={state()?.error}>{(err) => <div class="px-6 py-4 text-text-weak">{err()}</div>}</Match>
-      </Switch>
+    <div class="mt-3 relative h-full min-h-0">
+      <ScrollView class="h-full" viewportRef={scrollSync.setViewport} onScroll={scrollSync.handleScroll}>
+        <Switch>
+          <Match when={state()?.loaded}>{renderFile(contents())}</Match>
+          <Match when={state()?.loading}>
+            <div class="px-6 py-4 text-text-weak">{language.t("common.loading")}…</div>
+          </Match>
+          <Match when={state()?.notFound ? state()?.name : undefined}>
+            {(name) => (
+              <div class="px-6 py-4 text-text-weak">{language.t("file.error.notFound", { name: name() })}</div>
+            )}
+          </Match>
+          <Match when={state()?.error}>{(err) => <div class="px-6 py-4 text-text-weak">{err()}</div>}</Match>
+        </Switch>
+      </ScrollView>
    </div>
  )

@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-import { createEffect, onCleanup, type ParentProps } from "solid-js"
-import { createSimpleContext } from "@opencode/ui/context"
-import { MarkdownProvider, useMarkdown } from "@opencode/session-ui/context/markdown"
-import { useBrowserAttachments } from "@/session/browser/attachments"
-import type { SessionModel } from "@/session/model"
-import { useFile } from "@/workspaces/files/model"
-import { artifactKind, resolveArtifactPath } from "@/workspaces/files/artifact"
-import { encodeFilePath } from "@/workspaces/files/path"
-import { useWorkspaceLocation } from "@/workspaces/location"
-import { useServer } from "@/runtime/server/current"
-import { ServerConnection } from "@/runtime/server/registry"
-import { useSessionLayout } from "@/session/session-layout"
-import { createOpenSessionFileTab } from "@/session/helpers"
-import type { createSessionBrowser } from "@/session/browser/model"
-
-/** Routes local links in timeline markdown to the artifact opener while keeping image loading. */
-export function ArtifactMarkdownProvider(props: ParentProps) {
-  const markdown = useMarkdown()
-  const artifacts = useArtifactOpener()
-  return (
-    <MarkdownProvider readImage={markdown?.readImage} openLocalFile={(path) => artifacts.open(path)}>
-      {props.children}
-    </MarkdownProvider>
-  )
-}
-
-/**
- * Opens files the agent references as side-panel tabs, inside or outside the workspace, or as
- * a browser tab for HTML when the desktop can load the file directly.
- */
-export const { use: useArtifactOpener, provider: ArtifactOpenerProvider } = createSimpleContext({
-  name: "ArtifactOpener",
-  init: (props: { session: SessionModel; browser: ReturnType<typeof createSessionBrowser> }) => {
-    const file = useFile()
-    const server = useServer()
-    const location = useWorkspaceLocation()
-    const attachments = useBrowserAttachments()
-    const { tabs, view } = useSessionLayout()
-
-    const root = () => location().directory.replaceAll("\\", "/").replace(/\/+$/, "")
-
-    /**
-     * Turn a link into a path `useFile` can load: workspace-relative when it is under the root,
-     * otherwise absolute. Relative links resolve against `base`; ones that climb past the root
-     * become absolute too, so a `../../shared/report.pdf` still opens.
-     */
-    const resolve = (href: string, base?: string) => {
-      // Agents cite locations as path:line or path:line:col; the file is what opens.
-      const value = href.replaceAll("\\", "/").replace(/:\d+(?::\d+)?$/, "")
-      if (/^[a-z]:\//i.test(value) || value.startsWith("/")) return file.normalize(value)
-      const relative = resolveArtifactPath(base ?? "", value)
-      if (relative !== undefined) return file.normalize(relative)
-      // Climbing past the workspace root: resolve from the referencing folder's absolute location.
-      const dir = base ? `${root()}/${base.replace(/\/+$/, "")}` : root()
-      return file.normalize(resolveArtifactPath(dir, value) ?? value)
-    }
-
-    const showTab = createOpenSessionFileTab({
-      normalizeTab: (tab) => tab,
-      openTab: (tab) => tabs().open(tab),
-      pathFromTab: file.pathFromTab,
-      loadFile: () => undefined,
-      openReviewPanel: () => {
-        if (!view().reviewPanel.opened()) view().reviewPanel.open()
-      },
-      setActive: (tab) => tabs().setActive(tab),
-    })
-
-    // Inline paths are guessed from text, so confirm the file exists before a tab appears for it.
-    const openTab = (path: string) => {
-      void file.load(path).then(() => {
-        if (file.get(path)?.loaded) showTab(file.tab(path))
-      })
-    }
-
-    // The desktop's own sidecar shares this disk, and its browser pane accepts file:// URLs inside the
-    // session workspace only. Forwarded loopback servers do not qualify, matching the desktop policy.
-    const canOpenInBrowser = (path?: string) =>
-      ServerConnection.builtin(server.conn) &&
-      props.browser.available() &&
-      props.browser.attached() &&
-      (path === undefined || !file.absolute(path))
-
-    const openInBrowser = (path: string) => {
-      props.browser.command({ type: "tabs.open", url: `file://${encodeFilePath(`${root()}/${path}`)}` })
-    }
-
-    /** Open `href` as referenced from `base` (a workspace-relative directory, "" for the root). */
-    const open = (href: string, base?: string) => {
-      const path = resolve(href, base)
-      if (!path) return
-      if (artifactKind(path) === "html" && canOpenInBrowser(path)) return openInBrowser(path)
-      openTab(path)
-    }
-
-    // The agent's browser.preview tool arrives through the desktop browser pane attachment.
-    createEffect(() => {
-      const sessionID = props.session.identity.sessionID()
-      if (!sessionID) return
-      onCleanup(attachments.onPreview(server, sessionID, (path) => open(path)))
-    })
-
-    return { canOpenInBrowser, openInBrowser, open }
-  },
-})
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { OPEN_APPS, OpenAppPreferences } from "./open-in-app"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"

-const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(OpenAppPreferences, { app: "finder" }))
+const decode = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(OpenAppPreferences, { app: "finder" }), input))

 describe("open app preferences", () => {
  test.each([...OPEN_APPS])("preserves the %s preference", (app) => {
@@ -18,3 +17,4 @@ describe("open app preferences", () => {
    expect(decode({})).toEqual({ app: "finder" })
  })
 })
+
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ import { usePlatform } from "@/runtime/platform/platform"
 import { Persist, persisted } from "@/runtime/persistence/storage"
 import { showToast } from "@/shell/notifications/toast"
 import { useServer } from "@/runtime/server/current"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
 import { fileManagerApp } from "@/home/projects/file-manager"
 import { openInAppParentPath } from "@/session/files/open-in-app-path"

@@ -30,8 +29,8 @@ export const OPEN_APPS = [
 export type OpenApp = (typeof OPEN_APPS)[number]
 export type OpenAppOS = "macos" | "windows" | "linux" | "unknown"

-export const OpenAppPreferences = Persistence.struct({
-  app: Schema.Literals(OPEN_APPS),
+export const OpenAppPreferences = Codec.struct({
+  app: Codec.literals(OPEN_APPS),
 })

 const appExistence = new Map<string, Promise<boolean>>()
@@ -242,3 +241,4 @@ function checkAppExists(platform: ReturnType<typeof usePlatform>, app: string) {
  appExistence.set(app, request)
  return request
 }
+
@@ -173,9 +173,7 @@ export function SessionFileBrowserTab(props: {
          <SessionFilePanelV2Empty>
            <div class="flex flex-col items-center gap-2 text-center text-text-weak">
              <Icon name="file-tree" size="large" class="mb-2" />
-              <div class="text-[13px] font-medium leading-[13px] text-text-strong">
-                {language.t("command.file.open")}
-              </div>
+              <div class="text-[13px] font-medium leading-[13px] text-text-strong">{language.t("command.file.open")}</div>
              <div class="h-5 text-13-regular leading-5">{language.t("session.files.selectToOpen")}</div>
            </div>
          </SessionFilePanelV2Empty>
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 import { children, createMemo, Show } from "solid-js"
 import type { JSX } from "solid-js"
 import { useSortable } from "@dnd-kit/solid/sortable"
-import { Icon } from "@opencode/ui/icon"
-import { IconButton } from "@opencode/ui/icon-button"
 import { Keybind } from "@opencode/ui/keybind"
 import { Tooltip } from "@opencode/ui/tooltip"
 import { Tabs } from "@opencode/ui/tabs"
@@ -71,19 +69,9 @@ export function SortableTab(props: {
              placement="bottom"
              gutter={10}
            >
-              <IconButton
-                size="small"
-                variant="ghost-muted"
-                onPointerDown={(event) => {
-                  event.preventDefault()
-                  event.stopPropagation()
-                }}
-                onClick={(event) => {
-                  event.preventDefault()
-                  event.stopPropagation()
-                  props.onTabClose(props.tab)
-                }}
-                icon={<Icon name="xmark-small" />}
+              <Tabs.CloseButton
+                class="h-5 w-5"
+                onClick={() => props.onTabClose(props.tab)}
                aria-label={language.t("common.closeTab")}
              />
            </Tooltip>
@@ -137,7 +137,6 @@ export function useSessionModel() {
      tabs: layout.tabs,
      view: layout.view,
      tabKey: layout.tabKey,
-      sessionKey: layout.sessionKey,
    },
    ownership: createSessionOwnership(layout.sessionKey),
    tabs: {
@@ -155,9 +155,6 @@ export function createSessionReview(input: {
  const count = () => diffs().length
  const hasChanges = () => count() > 0
  const ready = () => {
-    // A project without VCS never enables vcsQuery, so its status stays "pending" forever.
-    const project = input.session.project()
-    if (project && !project.vcs) return true
    if (mode() === "git" || mode() === "branch") return !vcsQuery.isPending
    return true
  }
@@ -5,17 +5,20 @@ import {
  type SessionReviewExpandMode,
 } from "@opencode/session-ui/v2/session-review-v2"
 import { createSignal } from "solid-js"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
 import type { Platform } from "@/runtime/platform/platform"
 import { Persist, persisted } from "@/runtime/persistence/storage"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"

-const ReviewPanel = Persistence.struct({
-  sidebarOpened: Schema.Boolean,
-  sidebarWidth: Schema.Finite.check(
-    Schema.isBetween({ minimum: SESSION_REVIEW_V2_SIDEBAR_WIDTH_MIN, maximum: SESSION_REVIEW_V2_SIDEBAR_WIDTH_MAX }),
-  ),
-  expandMode: Schema.Literals(["expand", "collapse"]),
+const ReviewPanel = Codec.struct({
+  sidebarOpened: Codec.boolean,
+  sidebarWidth: Codec.make<number, number>(
+    (v) =>
+      typeof v === "number" && v >= SESSION_REVIEW_V2_SIDEBAR_WIDTH_MIN && v <= SESSION_REVIEW_V2_SIDEBAR_WIDTH_MAX
+        ? v
+        : Codec.INVALID,
+    (v) => v,
+  ),
+  expandMode: Codec.literals(["expand", "collapse"]),
 })

 export function createReviewPanelState(platform?: Platform) {
@@ -47,3 +50,4 @@ export function createReviewPanelState(platform?: Platform) {
 }

 export type ReviewPanelState = ReturnType<typeof createReviewPanelState>
+
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ function ReviewTitle(props: { review: SessionReviewModel }) {
 function ReviewEmpty(props: { review: SessionReviewModel; loadingClass: string }) {
  const language = useLanguage()
  const loading = () => (props.review.mode() === "git" || props.review.mode() === "branch") && !props.review.ready()
-  const noGit = () => props.review.noGit()
+  const noGit = () => props.review.mode() === "turn" && props.review.noGit()
  const text = () => {
    if (props.review.mode() === "git") return language.t("session.review.noUncommittedChanges")
    if (props.review.mode() === "branch") return language.t("session.review.noBranchChanges")
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ function ReviewEmpty(props: { review: SessionReviewModel; loadingClass: string }
 function ReviewPanelEmpty(props: { review: SessionReviewModel }) {
  const language = useLanguage()
  const loading = () => (props.review.mode() === "git" || props.review.mode() === "branch") && !props.review.ready()
-  const noGit = () => props.review.noGit()
+  const noGit = () => props.review.mode() === "turn" && props.review.noGit()
  return (
    <Switch>
      <Match when={loading()}>
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ import { SessionReviewToggle } from "./header/session-header-actions"
 import { createAnimatedPresence } from "@/runtime/animated-presence"
 import { createSessionBrowser } from "./browser/model"
 import { createTimelineCache } from "./timeline/cache"
-import { ArtifactMarkdownProvider, ArtifactOpenerProvider } from "./files/open-artifact"

 const SessionMobileFiles = lazy(async () => {
  const { SessionMobileFiles } = await import("./files/session-mobile-files")
@@ -51,26 +50,14 @@ const SessionSummaryPanel = lazy(async () => {
 })

 export function SessionScreen(props: { session: SessionModel }) {
-  // The timeline cache captures its owner when created, so link handling must be provided above it.
-  const browser = createSessionBrowser(props.session)
-  return (
-    <ArtifactOpenerProvider session={props.session} browser={browser}>
-      <ArtifactMarkdownProvider>
-        <SessionScreenContent session={props.session} browser={browser} />
-      </ArtifactMarkdownProvider>
-    </ArtifactOpenerProvider>
-  )
-}
-
-function SessionScreenContent(props: { session: SessionModel; browser: ReturnType<typeof createSessionBrowser> }) {
  const session = props.session
-  const browser = props.browser
  const server = useServer()
  const detailsProject = createMemo(() => {
    const info = session.data.info()
    return info ? projectForSession(info, server.ctx.sync.data.project) : undefined
  })
  const isDesktop = session.isDesktop
+  const browser = createSessionBrowser(session)
  const screen = createSessionScreenLayout(session)
  const timeline = createSessionTimelineInteraction(session)
  const timelineSearch = createTimelineSearchController({
@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ import { beforeAll, describe, expect, mock, test } from "bun:test"
 import { ServerScope } from "@/runtime/server/scope"
 import { base64Encode } from "@opencode/util/encode"
 import { Persist } from "@/runtime/persistence/storage"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
 import type { Platform } from "@/runtime/platform/platform"
-import { Schema } from "effect"

 let getWorkspaceTerminalCacheKey: typeof import("./context").getWorkspaceTerminalCacheKey
 let clearWorkspaceTerminals: typeof import("./context").clearWorkspaceTerminals
@@ -21,10 +20,10 @@ beforeAll(async () => {
  const mod = await import("./context")
  getWorkspaceTerminalCacheKey = mod.getWorkspaceTerminalCacheKey
  clearWorkspaceTerminals = mod.clearWorkspaceTerminals
-  const schema = Persistence.withInitial(mod.TerminalState, { all: [] })
-  decodeTerminalState = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(schema)
+  const schema = Codec.withInitial(mod.TerminalState, { all: [] })
+  decodeTerminalState = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(schema, input))
  roundTripTerminalState = (value) =>
-    Schema.decodeUnknownSync(schema)(Schema.encodeSync(schema)(Schema.decodeUnknownSync(schema)(value)))
+    Codec.decodeOrThrow(schema, schema.encode(Codec.decodeOrThrow(schema, value)))
 })

 describe("getWorkspaceTerminalCacheKey", () => {
@@ -141,3 +140,4 @@ describe("TerminalState", () => {
    expect(roundTripTerminalState(value)).toEqual(value)
  })
 })
+
@@ -8,18 +8,20 @@ import { base64Encode } from "@opencode/util/encode"
 import { defaultTitle, titleNumber } from "./title"
 import { Persist, persisted, removePersisted } from "@/runtime/persistence/storage"
 import { ScopedKey, ServerScope } from "@/runtime/server/scope"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
-import { Schema, SchemaGetter } from "effect"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"

-const PTY = Persistence.struct({
-  id: Schema.NonEmptyString,
-  title: Persistence.fallback(Schema.String, () => ""),
-  titleNumber: Persistence.fallback(Schema.Finite, () => 0),
-  rows: Persistence.optional(Schema.Finite),
-  cols: Persistence.optional(Schema.Finite),
-  buffer: Persistence.optional(Schema.String),
-  scrollY: Persistence.optional(Schema.Finite),
-  cursor: Persistence.optional(Schema.Finite),
+const PTY = Codec.struct({
+  id: Codec.make<string, string>(
+    (v) => (typeof v === "string" && v.length > 0 ? v : Codec.INVALID),
+    (v) => v,
+  ),
+  title: Codec.fallback(Codec.string, () => ""),
+  titleNumber: Codec.fallback(Codec.number, () => 0),
+  rows: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.number),
+  cols: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.number),
+  buffer: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.string),
+  scrollY: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.number),
+  cursor: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.number),
 })

 export type LocalPTY = typeof PTY.Type
@@ -31,28 +33,26 @@ function numberFromTitle(title: string) {
  return titleNumber(title, MAX_TERMINAL_SESSIONS)
 }

-const State = Persistence.struct({
-  active: Persistence.optional(Schema.String),
-  all: Persistence.array(PTY),
+const State = Codec.struct({
+  active: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.string),
+  all: Codec.lenientArray(PTY),
 })

-export const TerminalState = State.pipe(
-  Schema.decodeTo(Schema.toType(State), {
-    decode: SchemaGetter.transform((value) => {
-      const seen = new Set<string>()
-      const all = value.all.flatMap((pty) => {
-        if (seen.has(pty.id)) return []
-        seen.add(pty.id)
-        return [{ ...pty, titleNumber: pty.titleNumber > 0 ? pty.titleNumber : (numberFromTitle(pty.title) ?? 0) }]
-      })
-      return {
-        active: value.active && seen.has(value.active) ? value.active : all[0]?.id,
-        all,
-      }
-    }),
-    encode: SchemaGetter.transform((value) => value),
-  }),
-)
+export const TerminalState = Codec.transform(State, {
+  decode: (value): typeof State.Type => {
+    const seen = new Set<string>()
+    const all = value.all.flatMap((pty) => {
+      if (seen.has(pty.id)) return []
+      seen.add(pty.id)
+      return [{ ...pty, titleNumber: pty.titleNumber > 0 ? pty.titleNumber : (numberFromTitle(pty.title) ?? 0) }]
+    })
+    return {
+      active: value.active && seen.has(value.active) ? value.active : all[0]?.id,
+      all,
+    }
+  },
+  encode: (value) => value,
+})

 export function getWorkspaceTerminalCacheKey(dir: string, scope: ServerScope = ServerScope.local) {
  return ScopedKey.from(scope, dir, WORKSPACE_KEY)
@@ -458,3 +458,5 @@ export const { use: useTerminal, provider: TerminalProvider } = createSimpleCont
    }
  },
 })
+
+
@@ -1,40 +1,40 @@
-import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
-import { GoUpsellState } from "./usage-exceeded-dialogs"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
-
-const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(
-  Persistence.withInitial(GoUpsellState, {
-    go_upsell_last_seen_at: null,
-    go_upsell_dont_show: null,
-    go_upsell_account_rate_limit_last_seen_at: null,
-    go_upsell_account_rate_limit_dont_show: null,
-  }),
-)
-
-describe("usage exceeded preferences", () => {
-  test("defaults unseen prompts", () => {
-    expect(decode({})).toEqual({
-      go_upsell_last_seen_at: null,
-      go_upsell_dont_show: null,
-      go_upsell_account_rate_limit_last_seen_at: null,
-      go_upsell_account_rate_limit_dont_show: null,
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("preserves timestamps while recovering malformed siblings", () => {
-    expect(
-      decode({
-        go_upsell_last_seen_at: 123,
-        go_upsell_dont_show: "true",
-        go_upsell_account_rate_limit_last_seen_at: Infinity,
-        go_upsell_account_rate_limit_dont_show: 456,
-      }),
-    ).toEqual({
-      go_upsell_last_seen_at: 123,
-      go_upsell_dont_show: null,
-      go_upsell_account_rate_limit_last_seen_at: null,
-      go_upsell_account_rate_limit_dont_show: 456,
-    })
-  })
-})
+import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { GoUpsellState } from "./usage-exceeded-dialogs"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
+
+const schema = Codec.withInitial(GoUpsellState, {
+  go_upsell_last_seen_at: null,
+  go_upsell_dont_show: null,
+  go_upsell_account_rate_limit_last_seen_at: null,
+  go_upsell_account_rate_limit_dont_show: null,
+})
+const decode = (input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(schema, input)
+
+describe("usage exceeded preferences", () => {
+  test("defaults unseen prompts", () => {
+    expect(decode({})).toEqual({
+      go_upsell_last_seen_at: null,
+      go_upsell_dont_show: null,
+      go_upsell_account_rate_limit_last_seen_at: null,
+      go_upsell_account_rate_limit_dont_show: null,
+    })
+  })
+
+  test("preserves timestamps while recovering malformed siblings", () => {
+    expect(
+      decode({
+        go_upsell_last_seen_at: 123,
+        go_upsell_dont_show: "true",
+        go_upsell_account_rate_limit_last_seen_at: Infinity,
+        go_upsell_account_rate_limit_dont_show: 456,
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      go_upsell_last_seen_at: 123,
+      go_upsell_dont_show: null,
+      go_upsell_account_rate_limit_last_seen_at: null,
+      go_upsell_account_rate_limit_dont_show: 456,
+    })
+  })
+})
+
+
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ import { useWorkspaceLocation } from "@/workspaces/location"
 import { Persist, persisted } from "@/runtime/persistence/storage"
 import type { SessionStatus } from "@opencode/client/promise"
 import { onCleanup } from "solid-js"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
 import { useSessionLayout } from "./session-layout"
 import { useDialog, useI18n } from "@opencode/ui/context"
 import { DialogUsageExceeded } from "@/providers/connect/usage-exceeded"
@@ -15,11 +14,11 @@ const GO_UPSELL_ACCOUNT_RATE_LIMIT_DONT_SHOW = "go_upsell_account_rate_limit_don
 const GO_UPSELL_WINDOW = 86_400_000 // 24 hrs
 const GO_UPSELL_PROVIDERS = new Set(["opencode", "opencode-go"])

-export const GoUpsellState = Persistence.struct({
-  [GO_UPSELL_FREE_TIER_LAST_SEEN_AT]: Schema.NullOr(Schema.Finite),
-  [GO_UPSELL_FREE_TIER_DONT_SHOW]: Schema.NullOr(Schema.Finite),
-  [GO_UPSELL_ACCOUNT_RATE_LIMIT_LAST_SEEN_AT]: Schema.NullOr(Schema.Finite),
-  [GO_UPSELL_ACCOUNT_RATE_LIMIT_DONT_SHOW]: Schema.NullOr(Schema.Finite),
+export const GoUpsellState = Codec.struct({
+  [GO_UPSELL_FREE_TIER_LAST_SEEN_AT]: Codec.nullOr(Codec.number),
+  [GO_UPSELL_FREE_TIER_DONT_SHOW]: Codec.nullOr(Codec.number),
+  [GO_UPSELL_ACCOUNT_RATE_LIMIT_LAST_SEEN_AT]: Codec.nullOr(Codec.number),
+  [GO_UPSELL_ACCOUNT_RATE_LIMIT_DONT_SHOW]: Codec.nullOr(Codec.number),
 })

 function goUpsellKeys(status: SessionStatus) {
@@ -106,3 +105,4 @@ export function useUsageExceededDialogs() {
    }),
  )
 }
+
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { timelinePresets } from "@opencode/session-ui/timeline/detail"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
 import {
  settingsSchema,
  settingsPersistence,
@@ -13,9 +12,9 @@ import {
  terminalFontFamily,
 } from "./model"

-const schema = Persistence.withInitial(settingsPersistence, defaultSettings)
-const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(schema)
-const encode = Schema.encodeSync(schema)
+const schema = Codec.withInitial(settingsPersistence, defaultSettings)
+const decode = (input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(schema, input)
+const encode = (value: typeof settingsSchema.Type) => schema.encode(value)

 describe("settings timeline detail migration", () => {
  test("migrates saved switches and round trips the current settings", () => {
@@ -51,14 +50,14 @@ describe("settings schema", () => {
      general: { ...defaultSettings.general, timelineDetail: timelinePresets[4].value, autoSave: false },
      appearance: { ...defaultSettings.appearance, fontSize: 20 },
    }
-    const restore = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(settingsPersistence, initial))
+    const restore = (input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(settingsPersistence, initial), input)
    expect(restore({})).toEqual(initial)
    expect(restore({ general: { reasoningMode: "invalid", showReasoningSummaries: true } })).toEqual(initial)
    expect(restore({ general: { showReasoningSummaries: true } }).general.timelineDetail.thinking).toEqual({
      placement: "separate",
      details: "expanded",
    })
-    expect(() => Schema.decodeUnknownSync(settingsSchema)({})).toThrow()
+    expect(() => Codec.decodeOrThrow(settingsSchema, {})).toThrow()
  })

  test("supplies the existing defaults for an empty document", () => {
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ describe("settings schema", () => {

  test("does not silently repair invalid values during encoding", () => {
    expect(() =>
-      Schema.encodeUnknownSync(settingsSchema)({ ...decode({}), appearance: { fontSize: "large" } }),
+      Codec.encodeOrThrow(settingsSchema, { ...decode({}), appearance: { fontSize: "large" } } as never),
    ).toThrow()
  })
 })
@@ -203,3 +202,6 @@ describe("settings font families", () => {
    expect(terminalFontFamily(undefined)).toStartWith('"JetBrainsMono Nerd Font Mono", ')
  })
 })
+
+
+
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ import { Icon } from "@opencode/ui/icon"
 import { IconButton } from "@opencode/ui/icon-button"
 import { TextInput } from "@opencode/ui/text-input"
 import { type Component, createEffect, For, on, onCleanup, Show } from "solid-js"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
 import { useLanguage } from "@/runtime/i18n/language"
 import { useModels } from "@/providers/models/models"
 import { useServerSDK } from "@/runtime/server/client"
@@ -20,8 +19,8 @@ type ModelItem = ReturnType<ReturnType<typeof useModels>["list"]>[number]

 const PROVIDER_ICON_SIZE = 16

-export const ModelProvidersSchema = Schema.Struct({
-  collapsed: Persistence.record(Persistence.fallback(Schema.Boolean, () => false)),
+export const ModelProvidersSchema = Codec.struct({
+  collapsed: Codec.lenientRecord(Codec.fallback(Codec.boolean, () => false)),
 })

 export const SettingsModels: Component<{ active?: boolean; autofocus?: boolean }> = (props) => {
@@ -211,3 +210,4 @@ export const SettingsModels: Component<{ active?: boolean; autofocus?: boolean }
    </>
  )
 }
+
@@ -1102,6 +1102,10 @@
  padding-block: 20px;
 }

+.settings-server-connection .settings-servers-lead {
+  gap: 4px;
+}
+
 .settings-servers-row:not(:last-child) {
  padding-bottom: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
 import {
  activeCommandRegistrations,
  addCommandRegistration,
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ import {
 } from "./command"

 test("command catalog persistence validates metadata and omits executable fields", () => {
-  const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(CommandCatalog)
+  const decode = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(CommandCatalog, input))
  const catalog = decode({ open: { title: "Open", keybind: "mod+o", hidden: false, onSelect: "invalid" } })
  expect(catalog).toEqual({ open: { title: "Open", keybind: "mod+o", hidden: false } })
  expect(decode({})).toEqual({})
  expect(() => decode({ open: { title: 1 } })).toThrow()
-  expect(decode(Schema.encodeSync(CommandCatalog)(catalog))).toEqual(catalog)
+  expect(decode(CommandCatalog.encode(catalog))).toEqual(catalog)
 })

 const paletteOptions: CommandOption[] = [
@@ -79,3 +79,4 @@ describe("resolveKeybindOption", () => {
    expect(resolveKeybindOption([fallback, contextual], new KeyboardEvent("keydown"))).toBe(fallback)
  })
 })
+
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ import { createSimpleContext } from "@opencode/ui/context"
 import { useDialog } from "@opencode/ui/context/dialog"
 import { type Accessor, batch, createEffect, createMemo, onCleanup, onMount } from "solid-js"
 import { createStore, reconcile } from "solid-js/store"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
+
 import { makeEventListener } from "@solid-primitives/event-listener"
 import { useLanguage } from "@/runtime/i18n/language"
 import { useSettings } from "@/settings/model"
@@ -109,16 +109,16 @@ export function resolveKeybindOption(candidates: CommandOption[] | undefined, ev

 type CommandSource = "palette" | "keybind" | "slash"

-export const CommandCatalogItem = Persistence.struct({
-  title: Schema.String,
-  description: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  category: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  keybind: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  slash: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  hidden: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+export const CommandCatalogItem = Codec.struct({
+  title: Codec.string,
+  description: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
+  category: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
+  keybind: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
+  slash: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
+  hidden: Codec.optional(Codec.boolean),
 })
 export type CommandCatalogItem = typeof CommandCatalogItem.Type
-export const CommandCatalog = Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.mutableKey(CommandCatalogItem))
+export const CommandCatalog = Codec.record(CommandCatalogItem)
 export type CommandCatalog = typeof CommandCatalog.Type

 export type CommandRegistration = {
@@ -480,3 +480,4 @@ export const { use: useCommand, provider: CommandProvider } = createSimpleContex
    }
  },
 })
+
@@ -1,23 +1,22 @@
 import { expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
 import type { ServerConnection } from "@/runtime/server/registry"
 import type { Tab } from "@/shell/tabs/tabs"
 import { NotificationStore, openNotificationSession, type Notification } from "./notification"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"

 test("notification persistence validates and salvages individual notifications", () => {
  const valid: Notification[] = [
    { type: "turn-complete", time: 123, viewed: false, session: "session-1" },
    { type: "error", time: 124, viewed: true, error: { type: "api", message: "failed", status: 500 } },
  ]
-  const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(NotificationStore, { list: [] }))
+  const decode = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(NotificationStore, { list: [] }), input))
  const store = decode({
    list: [valid[0], null, { type: "unknown", time: 123, viewed: false }, { ...valid[1], error: "invalid" }, valid[1]],
  })
  expect(store.list).toEqual(valid)
  expect(decode({})).toEqual({ list: [] })
  expect(decode({ list: {} })).toEqual({ list: [] })
-  expect(decode(Schema.encodeSync(NotificationStore)(store))).toEqual(store)
+  expect(decode(NotificationStore.encode(store))).toEqual(store)
 })

 test("opens notification sessions through the tab router", () => {
@@ -41,3 +40,4 @@ test("opens notification sessions through the tab router", () => {

  expect(calls).toEqual(["add:session-1", "route:session-1", "select:session-1"])
 })
+
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { createStore, reconcile } from "solid-js/store"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
-import { SessionError } from "@opencode/schema/session-error"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
+import type { SessionError } from "@opencode/schema/session-error"
 import { type Accessor, batch, createEffect, createMemo, createRoot, getOwner, onCleanup } from "solid-js"
 import { createSimpleContext } from "@opencode/ui/context"
 import type { ServerSDK } from "@/runtime/server/client"
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import { useLanguage } from "@/runtime/i18n/language"
 import { useSettings } from "@/settings/model"
 import { decode64 } from "@/runtime/persistence/base64"
 import { Persist, persisted } from "@/runtime/persistence/storage"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+
 import { playSoundById } from "@/shell/notifications/sound"
 import type { createNotificationCoordinator } from "@/shell/notifications/coordinator"
 import { useGlobal } from "@/runtime/server/runtime"
@@ -20,19 +20,28 @@ import { requireServerKey, sessionHref } from "@/shell/routes/session"
 import type { ServerScope } from "@/runtime/server/scope"
 import { useServer } from "@/runtime/server/current"

-const NotificationBase = {
-  directory: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  session: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  metadata: Schema.optional(Schema.Unknown),
-  time: Schema.Finite,
-  viewed: Schema.Boolean,
-}
-export const Notification = Schema.Union([
-  Persistence.struct({ ...NotificationBase, type: Schema.Literal("turn-complete") }),
-  Persistence.struct({ ...NotificationBase, type: Schema.Literal("error"), error: SessionError.Error }),
+const NotificationBase = {
+  directory: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
+  session: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
+  metadata: Codec.optional(Codec.unknown),
+  time: Codec.number,
+  viewed: Codec.boolean,
+}
+// The error payload is whatever the server reported; shape-checking it here would load the shared
+// Effect schema into the renderer's startup path for a value the server already validated.
+const StoredSessionError = Codec.make<SessionError.Error, unknown>(
+  (value) =>
+    typeof value === "object" && value !== null && "name" in value && "message" in value
+      ? (value as unknown as SessionError.Error)
+      : Codec.INVALID,
+  (value) => value,
+)
+export const Notification = Codec.union([
+  Codec.struct({ ...NotificationBase, type: Codec.literal("turn-complete") }),
+  Codec.struct({ ...NotificationBase, type: Codec.literal("error"), error: StoredSessionError }),
 ])
 export type Notification = typeof Notification.Type
-export const NotificationStore = Persistence.struct({ list: Persistence.array(Notification) })
+export const NotificationStore = Codec.struct({ list: Codec.lenientArray(Notification) })

 type NotificationIndex = {
  session: {
@@ -368,3 +377,5 @@ export const useNotification = () => {
  const server = useServer()
  return server.ctx.notification
 }
+
+
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
 import { createRoot, createSignal } from "solid-js"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { ServerConnection } from "@/runtime/server/registry"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
 import { currentRoute, initialLayout, layoutPersistence, layoutSchema } from "./layout"
 import { createSessionKeyReader, ensureSessionKey, pruneSessionKeys } from "./helpers"

@@ -11,21 +10,21 @@ test("settings has its own layout route", () => {
 })

 describe("layout persistence", () => {
-  const schema = Persistence.withInitial(layoutPersistence, initialLayout(ServerConnection.Key.make("local")))
-  const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(schema)
+  const schema = Codec.withInitial(layoutPersistence, initialLayout(ServerConnection.Key.make("local")))
+  const decode = (input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(schema, input)

  test("uses supplied initial preferences after legacy migration", () => {
    const initial = initialLayout(ServerConnection.Key.make("remote"))
    initial.sidebar.width = 420
    initial.fileTree.width = 300
    initial.review.panelOpened = true
-    const restore = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(layoutPersistence, initial))
+    const restore = (input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(layoutPersistence, initial), input)
    expect(restore({})).toEqual(initial)
    expect(restore({ sidebar: { width: "bad" } }).sidebar.width).toBe(420)
    expect(restore({ fileTree: { width: 260 } }).fileTree.width).toBe(200)
    expect(restore({ fileTree: {} }).fileTree.width).toBe(300)
    expect(restore({ review: {}, fileTree: { opened: false } }).review.panelOpened).toBe(false)
-    expect(() => Schema.decodeUnknownSync(layoutSchema)({})).toThrow()
+    expect(() => Codec.decodeOrThrow(layoutSchema, {})).toThrow()
  })

  test("restores shipped defaults for missing and invalid fields", () => {
@@ -56,8 +55,8 @@ describe("layout persistence", () => {
    expect(value.sidebar).toEqual({ opened: false, width: 344, workspaces: {}, workspacesDefault: true })
    expect(value.review).toEqual({ diffStyle: "split", panelOpened: true })
    expect(value.fileTree).toEqual({ opened: true, width: 200, tab: "changes" })
-    expect(Schema.encodeSync(schema)(value)).toEqual(value)
-    expect(decode(Schema.encodeSync(schema)(value))).toEqual(value)
+    expect(schema.encode(value)).toEqual(value)
+    expect(decode(schema.encode(value))).toEqual(value)
    expect(decode({ fileTree: { opened: true } }).review.panelOpened).toBe(false)
  })

@@ -169,3 +168,4 @@ describe("pruneSessionKeys", () => {
    expect(drop).toEqual([])
  })
 })
+
@@ -1,63 +1,58 @@
 export * as TabStorage from "./schema"

-import { Schema, SchemaGetter } from "effect"
-import { ServerKey } from "@/runtime/server/persistence"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
+import { ServerKey } from "@/runtime/server/key"

 export { ServerKey }

-export const Session = Persistence.struct({
-  type: Schema.Literal("session"),
+export const Session = Codec.struct({
+  type: Codec.literal("session"),
  server: ServerKey,
-  sessionId: Schema.String,
-  routeSessionId: Persistence.optional(Schema.String),
-  routeParentId: Persistence.optional(Schema.String),
+  sessionId: Codec.string,
+  routeSessionId: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.string),
+  routeParentId: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.string),
 })

-export const Draft = Persistence.struct({
-  type: Schema.Literal("draft"),
-  draftID: Schema.String,
+export const Draft = Codec.struct({
+  type: Codec.literal("draft"),
+  draftID: Codec.string,
  server: ServerKey,
-  directory: Schema.String,
-  worktree: Persistence.optional(Schema.String),
-  branch: Persistence.optional(Schema.String),
-  mcp: Persistence.optional(Persistence.struct({ target: Schema.String, states: Persistence.record(Schema.Boolean) })),
+  directory: Codec.string,
+  worktree: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.string),
+  branch: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.string),
+  mcp: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.struct({ target: Codec.string, states: Codec.lenientRecord(Codec.boolean) })),
 })

-const SessionCodec = Session.pipe(
-  Schema.decodeTo(Schema.toType(Session), {
-    decode: SchemaGetter.transform((tab) => ({
-      type: tab.type,
-      server: tab.server,
-      sessionId: tab.sessionId,
-      ...(tab.routeSessionId && tab.routeSessionId !== tab.sessionId
-        ? { routeSessionId: tab.routeSessionId, ...(tab.routeParentId ? { routeParentId: tab.routeParentId } : {}) }
-        : {}),
-    })),
-    encode: SchemaGetter.transform((tab) => tab),
+// A stored route that only repeats the session id carries nothing; drop it and its parent.
+const SessionCodec = Codec.transform(Session, {
+  decode: (tab) => ({
+    type: tab.type,
+    server: tab.server,
+    sessionId: tab.sessionId,
+    ...(tab.routeSessionId && tab.routeSessionId !== tab.sessionId
+      ? { routeSessionId: tab.routeSessionId, ...(tab.routeParentId ? { routeParentId: tab.routeParentId } : {}) }
+      : {}),
+  }),
+  encode: (tab) => tab,
+})
+
+export const Tab = Codec.union([Session, Draft])
+export const Tabs = Codec.lenientArray(Codec.union([SessionCodec, Draft]))
+export const Recent = Codec.struct({
+  key: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
+})
+export const Info = Codec.struct({
+  title: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
+  directory: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
+})
+export const Infos = Codec.record(Info)
+export const Panes = Codec.record(
+  Codec.struct({
+    terminal: Codec.optional(Codec.boolean),
+    review: Codec.optional(Codec.boolean),
+    terminalHeight: Codec.optional(Codec.number),
+    sessionWidth: Codec.optional(Codec.number),
  }),
 )
-
-export const Tab = Schema.Union([Session, Draft])
-export const Tabs = Persistence.array(Schema.Union([SessionCodec, Draft]))
-export const Recent = Persistence.struct({
-  key: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-})
-export const Info = Persistence.struct({
-  title: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  directory: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-})
-export const Infos = Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.mutableKey(Info))
-export const Panes = Schema.Record(
-  Schema.String,
-  Schema.mutableKey(
-    Persistence.struct({
-      terminal: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
-      review: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
-      terminalHeight: Schema.optional(Schema.Finite),
-      sessionWidth: Schema.optional(Schema.Finite),
-    }),
-  ),
-)
-export const ClosedTab = Schema.Struct({ tab: SessionCodec, index: Schema.Int.check(Schema.isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(0)) })
-export const Closed = Persistence.array(ClosedTab)
+export const ClosedTab = Codec.struct({ tab: SessionCodec, index: Codec.nonNegativeInt })
+export const Closed = Codec.lenientArray(ClosedTab)
@@ -3,13 +3,12 @@ import { createRoot, getOwner, onCleanup } from "solid-js"
 import { createTabMemory } from "./memory"
 import { nextTabAfterClose, pushClosedTab, removeClosedTabs, takeClosedTab, type ClosedTab } from "./closed"
 import { findSessionTab, sessionIDHasOpenTab, tabHref, tabKey, type SessionTab, type Tab } from "./tabs"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { TabStorage } from "./schema"
 import type { ServerConnection } from "@/runtime/server/registry"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"

 const server = "local\nhttp://localhost:4096" as ServerConnection.Key
-const decodeTabs = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(TabStorage.Tabs, []))
+const decodeTabs = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(TabStorage.Tabs, []), input))

 function sessionTab(sessionId: string): SessionTab {
  return { type: "session", server, sessionId }
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ describe("tab migration", () => {
    }
    const restored = decodeTabs([legacy, draft])
    expect(restored).toEqual([legacy, draft])
-    expect(decodeTabs(Schema.encodeSync(TabStorage.Tabs)(restored))).toEqual([legacy, draft])
+    expect(decodeTabs(TabStorage.Tabs.encode(restored))).toEqual([legacy, draft])
  })

  test("drops null and malformed persisted tabs", () => {
@@ -64,13 +63,13 @@ describe("tab migration", () => {
      draft,
    ])
    expect(tabs).toEqual([sessionTab("root"), draft])
-    expect(Schema.encodeSync(TabStorage.Tabs)(tabs)).toEqual(tabs)
-    expect(decodeTabs(Schema.encodeSync(TabStorage.Tabs)(tabs))).toEqual(tabs)
+    expect(TabStorage.Tabs.encode(tabs)).toEqual(tabs)
+    expect(decodeTabs(TabStorage.Tabs.encode(tabs))).toEqual(tabs)
  })

  test("salvages valid closed session tabs", () => {
    expect(
-      Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(TabStorage.Closed, []))([
+      ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(TabStorage.Closed, []), input))([
        { tab: sessionTab("a"), index: 1 },
        { tab: sessionTab("b"), index: -1 },
        { tab: { type: "draft", server, draftID: "d", directory: "/project" }, index: 0 },
@@ -81,16 +80,16 @@ describe("tab migration", () => {

  test("validates auxiliary tab state", () => {
    expect(
-      Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(TabStorage.Recent, { key: undefined }))({ key: 1 }),
+      ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(TabStorage.Recent, { key: undefined }), input))({ key: 1 }),
    ).toEqual({ key: undefined })
-    expect(Schema.decodeUnknownSync(TabStorage.Infos)({})).toEqual({})
-    expect(Schema.decodeUnknownSync(TabStorage.Panes)({})).toEqual({})
-    expect(Schema.decodeUnknownSync(TabStorage.Infos)({ tab: { title: "Title", directory: "/project" } })).toEqual({
+    expect(Codec.decodeOrThrow(TabStorage.Infos, {})).toEqual({})
+    expect(Codec.decodeOrThrow(TabStorage.Panes, {})).toEqual({})
+    expect(Codec.decodeOrThrow(TabStorage.Infos, { tab: { title: "Title", directory: "/project" } })).toEqual({
      tab: { title: "Title", directory: "/project" },
    })
-    const panes = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(TabStorage.Panes)({ tab: { terminal: true, terminalHeight: 300 } })
-    expect(Schema.encodeSync(TabStorage.Panes)(panes)).toEqual({ tab: { terminal: true, terminalHeight: 300 } })
-    expect(() => Schema.decodeUnknownSync(TabStorage.Panes)({ tab: { terminal: "yes" } })).toThrow()
+    const panes = Codec.decodeOrThrow(TabStorage.Panes, { tab: { terminal: true, terminalHeight: 300 } })
+    expect(TabStorage.Panes.encode(panes)).toEqual({ tab: { terminal: true, terminalHeight: 300 } })
+    expect(() => Codec.decodeOrThrow(TabStorage.Panes, { tab: { terminal: "yes" } })).toThrow()
  })
 })

@@ -209,3 +208,5 @@ describe("closed tab stack", () => {
    expect(nextTabAfterClose([sessionTab("a")], 0, true)).toBeNull()
  })
 })
+
+
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@
  justify-content: center;
 }

-[data-titlebar-tab],
-[data-titlebar-tab-action] {
+[data-titlebar-tab] {
  --tab-base: var(--v2-background-bg-deep);
  --tab-overlay: transparent;
  background: linear-gradient(var(--tab-overlay), var(--tab-overlay)), var(--tab-base);
@@ -69,14 +68,6 @@
  --tab-overlay: var(--v2-overlay-simple-overlay-pressed);
 }

-[data-titlebar-tab-action]:is(:hover, :focus-visible) {
-  --tab-overlay: var(--v2-overlay-simple-overlay-hover);
-}
-
-[data-titlebar-tab-action]:is(:active, [data-state="pressed"]) {
-  --tab-overlay: var(--v2-overlay-simple-overlay-pressed);
-}
-
 [data-titlebar-tab]:is(:hover, [data-state="pressed"]) [data-slot="tab-close"] {
  background: linear-gradient(var(--tab-overlay), var(--tab-overlay)), var(--tab-base);
 }
@@ -351,10 +351,9 @@ export function Titlebar(props: {
              >
                <button
                  type="button"
-                  data-titlebar-tab-action
                  data-action="vertical-tabs-home"
                  data-state={layout.route().type === "home" ? "pressed" : undefined}
-                  class="group mb-1 flex h-7 w-full shrink-0 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-[6px] ps-1.5 pe-2 text-[13px] leading-4 text-v2-text-text-faint hover:text-v2-text-text-base data-[state=pressed]:text-v2-text-text-base"
+                  class="group mb-1 flex h-7 w-full shrink-0 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-[6px] ps-1.5 pe-2 text-[13px] leading-4 text-v2-text-text-faint hover:bg-v2-background-bg-layer-02 hover:text-v2-text-text-base data-[state=pressed]:bg-v2-background-bg-layer-02 data-[state=pressed]:text-v2-text-text-base"
                  onClick={toggleHome}
                  aria-label={language.t("home.title")}
                  aria-pressed={layout.route().type === "home"}
@@ -651,9 +650,8 @@ export function Titlebar(props: {
                            {homeButton(true)}
                            <button
                              type="button"
-                              data-titlebar-tab-action
                              data-action="vertical-tabs-new-session"
-                              class="group flex h-7 w-full shrink-0 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-[6px] ps-1.5 pe-2 text-[13px] leading-4 text-v2-text-text-faint hover:text-v2-text-text-base"
+                              class="group flex h-7 w-full shrink-0 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-[6px] ps-1.5 pe-2 text-[13px] leading-4 text-v2-text-text-faint hover:bg-v2-background-bg-layer-02 hover:text-v2-text-text-base"
                              onClick={openNewTab}
                              aria-label={language.t("command.session.new")}
                            >
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 import { expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { HighlightsStore } from "./highlights"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"

 test("highlight persistence defaults missing or invalid versions and round-trips valid versions", () => {
-  const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(HighlightsStore, { version: undefined }))
+  const decode = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(HighlightsStore, { version: undefined }), input))
  expect(decode({})).toEqual({ version: undefined })
  expect(decode({ version: null })).toEqual({ version: undefined })
  const value = decode({ version: "1.2.3", legacy: true })
  expect(value).toEqual({ version: "1.2.3" })
-  expect(Schema.encodeSync(HighlightsStore)(value)).toEqual(value)
+  expect(HighlightsStore.encode(value)).toEqual(value)
 })
+
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 import { createEffect, onCleanup } from "solid-js"
 import { createStore } from "solid-js/store"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
 import { createSimpleContext } from "@opencode/ui/context"
 import { useDialog } from "@opencode/ui/context/dialog"
 import { usePlatform } from "@/runtime/platform/platform"
 import { useSettings } from "@/settings/model"
 import { persisted } from "@/runtime/persistence/storage"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+
 import { DialogReleaseNotes, type Highlight } from "@/shell/updates/release-notes"

 const CHANGELOG_URL = "https://opencode.ai/changelog.json"

-export const HighlightsStore = Persistence.struct({
-  version: Schema.UndefinedOr(Schema.String),
+export const HighlightsStore = Codec.struct({
+  version: Codec.undefinedOr(Codec.string),
 })

 type ParsedRelease = {
@@ -233,3 +233,4 @@ export const { use: useHighlights, provider: HighlightsProvider } = createSimple
    }
  },
 })
+
@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import {
-  artifactKind,
-  bytesToBase64,
-  contentBytes,
-  fileContentFromBytes,
-  MAX_MEDIA_BYTES,
-  parseDelimited,
-  resolveArtifactPath,
-} from "./artifact"
-
-describe("artifactKind", () => {
-  test.each([
-    ["shot.PNG", "image"],
-    ["logo.svg", "svg"],
-    ["song.mp3", "audio"],
-    ["demo.mp4", "video"],
-    ["clip.webm", "video"],
-    ["paper.pdf", "pdf"],
-    ["out/index.html", "html"],
-    ["README.md", "markdown"],
-    ["flow.mmd", "mermaid"],
-    ["data.csv", "table"],
-    ["data.tsv", "table"],
-    ["Inter.woff2", "font"],
-    ["src/app.ts", "text"],
-    ["Makefile", "text"],
-    [".env", "text"],
-    ["archive.tar.gz", "text"],
-  ] as const)("classifies %s as %s", (path, kind) => {
-    expect(artifactKind(path)).toBe(kind)
-  })
-})
-
-describe("fileContentFromBytes", () => {
-  test("keeps media as base64 with a mime type", () => {
-    const content = fileContentFromBytes("a.png", new Uint8Array([137, 80, 78, 71]))
-    expect(content).toEqual({ type: "binary", content: "iVBORw==", encoding: "base64", mimeType: "image/png" })
-  })
-
-  test("decodes text and svg with a mime type", () => {
-    expect(fileContentFromBytes("a.svg", new TextEncoder().encode("<svg/>"))).toEqual({
-      type: "text",
-      content: "<svg/>",
-      mimeType: "image/svg+xml",
-    })
-    expect(fileContentFromBytes("a.ts", new TextEncoder().encode("const a = 1"))).toEqual({
-      type: "text",
-      content: "const a = 1",
-      mimeType: undefined,
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("keeps only the size of media above the cap", () => {
-    const content = fileContentFromBytes("big.mp4", new Uint8Array(MAX_MEDIA_BYTES + 1))
-    expect(content).toEqual({ type: "binary", content: "", size: MAX_MEDIA_BYTES + 1 })
-  })
-
-  test("marks unknown binaries without keeping bytes", () => {
-    expect(fileContentFromBytes("a.bin", new Uint8Array([1, 0, 2]))).toEqual({ type: "binary", content: "", size: 3 })
-  })
-
-  test("encodes large buffers in chunks", () => {
-    const bytes = new Uint8Array(70_000).fill(65)
-    expect(bytesToBase64(bytes)).toBe(Buffer.from(bytes).toString("base64"))
-  })
-})
-
-describe("contentBytes", () => {
-  test("recovers byte counts from base64 and text", () => {
-    expect(contentBytes({ type: "binary", content: "iVBORw==", encoding: "base64" })).toBe(4)
-    expect(contentBytes({ type: "binary", content: "iVBORwA=", encoding: "base64" })).toBe(5)
-    expect(contentBytes({ type: "text", content: "héllo" })).toBe(6)
-  })
-})
-
-describe("parseDelimited", () => {
-  test("handles quotes, embedded delimiters, newlines, and CRLF", () => {
-    const parsed = parseDelimited('name,note\r\n"Smith, J","says ""hi""\nand more"\nplain,\n', ",")
-    expect(parsed.rows).toEqual([
-      ["name", "note"],
-      ["Smith, J", 'says "hi"\nand more'],
-      ["plain", ""],
-    ])
-    expect(parsed.total).toBe(3)
-    expect(parsed.columns).toBe(2)
-  })
-
-  test("counts rows past the limit without keeping them", () => {
-    const parsed = parseDelimited("a\tb\n1\t2\n3\t4\n5\t6", "\t", 2)
-    expect(parsed.rows).toHaveLength(2)
-    expect(parsed.total).toBe(4)
-  })
-})
-
-describe("resolveArtifactPath", () => {
-  test.each([
-    ["docs", "guide.md", "docs/guide.md"],
-    ["docs", "./img/a.png", "docs/img/a.png"],
-    ["docs/api", "../index.md", "docs/index.md"],
-    ["", "src/app.ts", "src/app.ts"],
-    ["docs", "sub\\win.md", "docs/sub/win.md"],
-    ["", "docs/guide.md", "docs/guide.md"],
-    ["/tmp/notes/", "../out/a.pdf", "/tmp/out/a.pdf"],
-    ["C:/tmp/notes/", "img.png", "C:/tmp/notes/img.png"],
-    ["/repo", "../shared/report.pdf", "/shared/report.pdf"],
-  ])("resolves %s + %s", (base, href, expected) => {
-    expect(resolveArtifactPath(base, href)).toBe(expected)
-  })
-
-  test.each([
-    ["docs", "../../etc/passwd"],
-    ["", "../x"],
-    ["docs", "/abs/path"],
-  ])("rejects %s + %s", (base, href) => {
-    expect(resolveArtifactPath(base, href)).toBeUndefined()
-  })
-})
@@ -1,211 +0,0 @@
-import type { FileContent } from "@/runtime/server/types"
-
-export type ArtifactKind =
-  | "image"
-  | "svg"
-  | "audio"
-  | "video"
-  | "pdf"
-  | "html"
-  | "markdown"
-  | "mermaid"
-  | "table"
-  | "font"
-  | "text"
-
-const mimes = new Map([
-  ["png", "image/png"],
-  ["jpg", "image/jpeg"],
-  ["jpeg", "image/jpeg"],
-  ["gif", "image/gif"],
-  ["webp", "image/webp"],
-  ["avif", "image/avif"],
-  ["bmp", "image/bmp"],
-  ["ico", "image/x-icon"],
-  ["tif", "image/tiff"],
-  ["tiff", "image/tiff"],
-  ["heic", "image/heic"],
-  ["svg", "image/svg+xml"],
-  ["mp3", "audio/mpeg"],
-  ["wav", "audio/wav"],
-  ["ogg", "audio/ogg"],
-  ["oga", "audio/ogg"],
-  ["m4a", "audio/mp4"],
-  ["aac", "audio/aac"],
-  ["flac", "audio/flac"],
-  ["opus", "audio/ogg"],
-  ["weba", "audio/webm"],
-  ["mp4", "video/mp4"],
-  ["m4v", "video/mp4"],
-  ["webm", "video/webm"],
-  ["mov", "video/quicktime"],
-  ["ogv", "video/ogg"],
-  ["mkv", "video/x-matroska"],
-  ["pdf", "application/pdf"],
-  ["html", "text/html"],
-  ["htm", "text/html"],
-  ["md", "text/markdown"],
-  ["markdown", "text/markdown"],
-  ["mdx", "text/markdown"],
-  ["mmd", "text/vnd.mermaid"],
-  ["mermaid", "text/vnd.mermaid"],
-  ["csv", "text/csv"],
-  ["tsv", "text/tab-separated-values"],
-  ["ttf", "font/ttf"],
-  ["otf", "font/otf"],
-  ["woff", "font/woff"],
-  ["woff2", "font/woff2"],
-])
-
-export function artifactExtension(path: string) {
-  const name = path.split(/[\\/]/).pop() ?? ""
-  const index = name.lastIndexOf(".")
-  if (index <= 0) return ""
-  return name.slice(index + 1).toLowerCase()
-}
-
-export function artifactMime(path: string) {
-  return mimes.get(artifactExtension(path))
-}
-
-export function artifactKind(path: string): ArtifactKind {
-  const mime = artifactMime(path)
-  if (!mime) return "text"
-  if (mime === "image/svg+xml") return "svg"
-  if (mime === "application/pdf") return "pdf"
-  if (mime === "text/html") return "html"
-  if (mime === "text/markdown") return "markdown"
-  if (mime === "text/vnd.mermaid") return "mermaid"
-  if (mime === "text/csv" || mime === "text/tab-separated-values") return "table"
-  if (mime.startsWith("image/")) return "image"
-  if (mime.startsWith("audio/")) return "audio"
-  if (mime.startsWith("font/")) return "font"
-  return "video"
-}
-
-/** Kinds whose bytes are kept as base64 so media elements can play them without a text round trip. */
-const binaryKinds = new Set<ArtifactKind>(["image", "audio", "video", "pdf", "font"])
-
-/** Text files never contain NUL; a NUL in the first 8 KiB marks an unknown binary. */
-function isBinaryBytes(bytes: Uint8Array) {
-  return bytes.subarray(0, 8192).includes(0)
-}
-
-export function bytesToBase64(bytes: Uint8Array) {
-  const parts: string[] = []
-  for (let index = 0; index < bytes.length; index += 0x8000) {
-    parts.push(String.fromCharCode(...bytes.subarray(index, index + 0x8000)))
-  }
-  return btoa(parts.join(""))
-}
-
-/** Media above this stays a placeholder: base64 encoding on the main thread and the LRU budget both suffer. */
-export const MAX_MEDIA_BYTES = 25 * 1024 * 1024
-
-export function fileContentFromBytes(path: string, bytes: Uint8Array): FileContent {
-  const kind = artifactKind(path)
-  const mimeType = artifactMime(path)
-  if (binaryKinds.has(kind)) {
-    if (bytes.length > MAX_MEDIA_BYTES) return { type: "binary", content: "", size: bytes.length }
-    return { type: "binary", content: bytesToBase64(bytes), encoding: "base64", mimeType }
-  }
-  // Unknown binaries keep no bytes: the viewer only shows a placeholder for them.
-  if (kind === "text" && isBinaryBytes(bytes)) return { type: "binary", content: "", size: bytes.length }
-  return { type: "text", content: new TextDecoder().decode(bytes), mimeType }
-}
-
-/** Approximate on-disk size of loaded content. */
-export function contentBytes(content: FileContent) {
-  if (content.size !== undefined) return content.size
-  if (content.encoding === "base64") {
-    const padding = content.content.endsWith("==") ? 2 : content.content.endsWith("=") ? 1 : 0
-    return Math.floor((content.content.length * 3) / 4) - padding
-  }
-  return new TextEncoder().encode(content.content).length
-}
-
-/**
- * Parse RFC 4180 style delimited text. Quoted fields may contain the delimiter, newlines, and
- * doubled quotes. Rows beyond `limit` are counted but not returned.
- */
-export function parseDelimited(text: string, delimiter: string, limit = 1000) {
-  const rows: string[][] = []
-  let row: string[] = []
-  let field = ""
-  let quoted = false
-  let total = 0
-  const endRow = () => {
-    row.push(field)
-    field = ""
-    const blank = row.length === 1 && row[0] === ""
-    if (!blank) {
-      total++
-      if (rows.length < limit) rows.push(row)
-    }
-    row = []
-  }
-  for (let index = 0; index < text.length; index++) {
-    const char = text[index]!
-    if (quoted) {
-      if (char !== '"') {
-        field += char
-        continue
-      }
-      if (text[index + 1] === '"') {
-        field += '"'
-        index++
-        continue
-      }
-      quoted = false
-      continue
-    }
-    if (char === '"' && field === "") {
-      quoted = true
-      continue
-    }
-    if (char === delimiter) {
-      row.push(field)
-      field = ""
-      continue
-    }
-    if (char === "\r") continue
-    if (char === "\n") {
-      endRow()
-      continue
-    }
-    field += char
-  }
-  if (field !== "" || row.length > 0) endRow()
-  const columns = rows.reduce((max, current) => Math.max(max, current.length), 0)
-  return { rows, total, columns }
-}
-
-/** Build a blob URL from loaded content. Callers revoke it when the viewer unmounts. */
-export function blobUrlFromContent(content: FileContent) {
-  const type = content.mimeType ?? "application/octet-stream"
-  if (content.encoding !== "base64") return URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([content.content], { type }))
-  const raw = atob(content.content)
-  const bytes = Uint8Array.from(raw, (char) => char.charCodeAt(0))
-  return URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type }))
-}
-
-/**
- * Resolve a relative link against a directory. A relative base yields a workspace-relative path and
- * an absolute base an absolute one; undefined when the link climbs past the base's root.
- */
-export function resolveArtifactPath(base: string, href: string) {
-  const target = href.replaceAll("\\", "/")
-  if (target.startsWith("/")) return undefined
-  const dir = base.replaceAll("\\", "/")
-  const segments = [...dir.split("/").filter(Boolean)]
-  for (const segment of target.split("/")) {
-    if (!segment || segment === ".") continue
-    if (segment !== "..") {
-      segments.push(segment)
-      continue
-    }
-    if (segments.length === 0) return undefined
-    segments.pop()
-  }
-  return `${dir.startsWith("/") ? "/" : ""}${segments.join("/")}`
-}
@@ -5,12 +5,11 @@ import { createSimpleContext } from "@opencode/ui/context"
 import { showToast } from "@/shell/notifications/toast"
 import { useParams } from "@solidjs/router"
 import { base64Encode } from "@opencode/util/encode"
-import { getDirectory, getFilename } from "@opencode/util/path"
+import { getFilename } from "@opencode/util/path"
 import { useWorkspaceLocation } from "@/workspaces/location"
 import { useLanguage } from "@/runtime/i18n/language"
 import { useLayout } from "@/shell/state/layout"
 import { createPathHelpers } from "./path"
-import { fileContentFromBytes } from "./artifact"
 import {
  approxBytes,
  evictContentLru,
@@ -186,17 +185,14 @@ export const { use: useFile, provider: FileProvider } = createSimpleContext({

      setLoading(file)

-      // Files outside the workspace are read from their own directory, like markdown images.
-      // The trailing separator from getDirectory keeps "/" and "C:/" valid, like readLocalImage.
-      const request = path.absolute(file)
-        ? { path: getFilename(file), location: { directory: getDirectory(file) } }
-        : { path: file, location: { directory } }
      const promise = serverSDK.api.file
-        .read(request)
+        .read({ path: file, location: { directory } })
        .then((data) => {
          if (scope() !== directory) return
-          const content = fileContentFromBytes(file, data)
+          const content = { type: "text" as const, content: new TextDecoder().decode(data) }
          setLoaded(file, content)
+
+          if (!content) return
          touchFileContent(file, approxBytes(content))
          evictContent(new Set([file]))
        })
@@ -285,7 +281,6 @@ export const { use: useFile, provider: FileProvider } = createSimpleContext({
    return {
      ready: () => view().ready(),
      normalize: path.normalize,
-      absolute: path.absolute,
      tab: path.tab,
      pathFromTab: path.pathFromTab,
      tree: {
@@ -21,24 +21,6 @@ describe("file path helpers", () => {
    expect(path.normalize("c:\\repo\\src\\app.ts")).toBe("src\\app.ts")
  })

-  test("keeps files outside the workspace absolute and round-trips them through tabs", () => {
-    const posix = createPathHelpers(() => "/repo")
-    expect(posix.normalize("/tmp/out/report.pdf")).toBe("/tmp/out/report.pdf")
-    expect(posix.absolute("/tmp/out/report.pdf")).toBe(true)
-    expect(posix.absolute("src/app.ts")).toBe(false)
-    expect(posix.tab("/tmp/out/report.pdf")).toBe("file:///tmp/out/report.pdf")
-    expect(posix.pathFromTab("file:///tmp/out/report.pdf")).toBe("/tmp/out/report.pdf")
-    expect(posix.normalize("/repository/x.ts")).toBe("/repository/x.ts")
-
-    const windows = createPathHelpers(() => "C:\\repo")
-    expect(windows.normalize("C:\\tmp\\font.ttf")).toBe("C:\\tmp\\font.ttf")
-    expect(windows.normalize("file:///C:/tmp/font.ttf")).toBe("C:/tmp/font.ttf")
-    expect(windows.absolute("C:/tmp/font.ttf")).toBe(true)
-    expect(windows.tab("C:/tmp/font.ttf")).toBe("file:///C:/tmp/font.ttf")
-    expect(windows.pathFromTab("file:///C:/tmp/font.ttf")).toBe("C:/tmp/font.ttf")
-    expect(windows.pathFromTab("file:///C:/repo/src/app.ts")).toBe("src/app.ts")
-  })
-
  test("normalizes Windows directory separators", () => {
    const path = createPathHelpers(() => "C:\\repo")
    expect(path.normalizeDir("frontend\\")).toBe("frontend")
@@ -105,11 +105,7 @@ export function createPathHelpers(scope: () => string) {
  const normalize = (input: string) => {
    const root = scope()

-    // file:///C:/dir becomes /C:/dir once the protocol is gone; restore the drive form.
-    let path = unquoteGitPath(decodeFilePath(stripQueryAndHash(stripFileProtocol(input)))).replace(
-      /^[/\\]([A-Za-z]:)/,
-      "$1",
-    )
+    let path = unquoteGitPath(decodeFilePath(stripQueryAndHash(stripFileProtocol(input))))

    // Separator-agnostic prefix stripping for Cygwin/native Windows compatibility
    // Only case-insensitive on Windows (drive letter or UNC paths)
@@ -120,21 +116,20 @@ export function createPathHelpers(scope: () => string) {
      canonPath.startsWith(canonRoot) &&
      (canonRoot.endsWith("/") || canonPath === canonRoot || canonPath[canonRoot.length] === "/")
    ) {
-      // Slice from original path to preserve native separators, then drop the separator itself.
-      path = path.slice(root.length).replace(/^[/\\]/, "")
+      // Slice from original path to preserve native separators
+      path = path.slice(root.length)
    }

    if (path.startsWith("./") || path.startsWith(".\\")) {
      path = path.slice(2)
    }

-    // An absolute path that is not under the root stays absolute; it is a file outside the workspace.
+    if (path.startsWith("/") || path.startsWith("\\")) {
+      path = path.slice(1)
+    }
    return path
  }

-  /** Whether a normalized path points outside the workspace root. */
-  const absolute = (path: string) => /^[A-Za-z]:[/\\]/.test(path) || path.startsWith("/") || path.startsWith("\\\\")
-
  const tab = (input: string) => {
    const path = normalize(input)
    return `file://${encodeFilePath(path)}`
@@ -154,7 +149,6 @@ export function createPathHelpers(scope: () => string) {

  return {
    normalize,
-    absolute,
    tab,
    pathFromTab,
    normalizeDir,
@@ -1,20 +1,19 @@
 import type { FileContent } from "@/runtime/server/types"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"

-export const FileSelection = Persistence.struct({
-  startLine: Schema.Number,
-  startChar: Schema.Number,
-  endLine: Schema.Number,
-  endChar: Schema.Number,
+export const FileSelection = Codec.struct({
+  startLine: Codec.number,
+  startChar: Codec.number,
+  endLine: Codec.number,
+  endChar: Codec.number,
 })
 export type FileSelection = typeof FileSelection.Type

-export const SelectedLineRange = Persistence.struct({
-  start: Schema.Number,
-  end: Schema.Number,
-  side: Persistence.optional(Schema.Literals(["additions", "deletions"])),
-  endSide: Persistence.optional(Schema.Literals(["additions", "deletions"])),
+export const SelectedLineRange = Codec.struct({
+  start: Codec.number,
+  end: Codec.number,
+  side: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.literals(["additions", "deletions"])),
+  endSide: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.literals(["additions", "deletions"])),
 })
 export type SelectedLineRange = typeof SelectedLineRange.Type

@@ -44,3 +43,4 @@ export function selectionFromLines(range: SelectedLineRange): FileSelection {
    endChar: 0,
  }
 }
+
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 import { createEffect, createRoot } from "solid-js"
 import { produce } from "solid-js/store"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
 import { Persist, persisted } from "@/runtime/persistence/storage"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
 import { createScopedCache } from "@/runtime/server/scoped-cache"
 import { SelectedLineRange } from "./types"
 import type { ServerScope } from "@/runtime/server/scope"
@@ -11,14 +10,14 @@ const WORKSPACE_KEY = "__workspace__"
 const MAX_FILE_VIEW_SESSIONS = 20
 const MAX_VIEW_FILES = 500

-const FileViewSchema = Persistence.struct({
-  scrollTop: Persistence.optional(Schema.Finite),
-  scrollLeft: Persistence.optional(Schema.Finite),
-  selectedLines: Persistence.optional(Schema.NullOr(SelectedLineRange)),
+const FileViewSchema = Codec.struct({
+  scrollTop: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.number),
+  scrollLeft: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.number),
+  selectedLines: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.nullOr(SelectedLineRange)),
 })

-export const FileViewsSchema = Schema.Struct({
-  file: Persistence.record(Persistence.fallback(FileViewSchema, () => ({}))),
+export const FileViewsSchema = Codec.struct({
+  file: Codec.lenientRecord(Codec.fallback(FileViewSchema, () => ({}))),
 })

 function normalizeSelectedLines(range: SelectedLineRange): SelectedLineRange {
@@ -150,3 +149,4 @@ export function createFileViewCache(scope: ServerScope) {
    clear: () => cache.clear(),
  }
 }
+
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { readFileSync } from "node:fs"
-import { createRequire } from "node:module"
 import solidPlugin from "vite-plugin-solid"
 import tailwindcss from "@tailwindcss/vite"
 import { fileURLToPath } from "url"
@@ -18,24 +17,6 @@ if (tailwindGenerate && typeof tailwindHotUpdate === "function") {
  }
 }

-// The markdown worker imports these directly, so they are served unbundled to keep worker startup
-// stable. Vite applies `exclude` to every import inside a pre-bundle too, which would leave a bare
-// `import "marked"` in mermaid's chunk that the browser cannot resolve from this package.
-const workerDeps = ["@shikijs/stream", "marked", "marked-shiki", "remend"]
-
-/** @type {import("rolldown").Plugin} */
-const bundleNestedWorkerDeps = {
-  name: "opencode-desktop:bundle-nested-worker-deps",
-  resolveId(id, importer) {
-    if (!importer || !workerDeps.includes(id) || !importer.includes("node_modules")) return
-    try {
-      return createRequire(importer).resolve(id)
-    } catch {
-      return
-    }
-  },
-}
-
 export const channel = (() => {
  const raw = process.env.OPENCODE_CHANNEL
  if (raw === "local" || raw === "dev" || raw === "beta" || raw === "prod") return raw
@@ -63,9 +44,8 @@ export default [
          format: "es",
        },
        optimizeDeps: {
-          exclude: workerDeps,
+          exclude: ["@shikijs/stream", "marked", "marked-shiki", "remend"],
          include: ["@opencode/session-ui > mermaid", "@opencode/session-ui > mermaid > katex"],
-          rolldownOptions: { plugins: [bundleNestedWorkerDeps] },
        },
      }
    },
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/cli",
-  "version": "2.0.12",
+  "version": "2.0.10",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
  "bin": {
@@ -5,77 +5,34 @@ import { Runtime } from "../../framework/runtime"
 import { Updater } from "../../services/updater"
 import { handlePromptErrors } from "../../ui/prompt"
 import { OPENCODE_VERSION } from "../../version"
-import { stripVTControlCharacters } from "node:util"

 export default Runtime.handler(
  Commands.commands.upgrade,
-  Effect.fn("cli.upgrade")(
-    function* (input) {
-      intro("Upgrade")
-      const updater = yield* Updater.Service
-      const method = Option.getOrUndefined(input.method) ?? (yield* updater.method())
-      if (!method)
-        return yield* Effect.fail(
-          new Error("Could not detect the installation method. Pass --method to choose how to upgrade OpenCode."),
-        )
-
-      log.info(`Using method: ${method}`)
-      const target = Option.getOrUndefined(input.target) ?? (yield* updater.latest())
-      const version = target.trim().replace(/^v/, "")
-      if (version === OPENCODE_VERSION) {
-        log.warn(`OpenCode upgrade skipped: ${version} is already installed`)
-        outro("Done")
-        return
-      }
-
-      log.info(`From ${OPENCODE_VERSION} → ${version}`)
-      const progress = spinner()
-      progress.start("Upgrading...")
-      yield* updater.upgrade(method, target).pipe(
-        Effect.tap(() => Effect.sync(() => progress.stop("Upgrade complete"))),
-        Effect.tapCause(() => Effect.sync(() => progress.stop("Upgrade failed", 1))),
+  Effect.fn("cli.upgrade")(function* (input) {
+    intro("Upgrade")
+    const updater = yield* Updater.Service
+    const method = Option.getOrUndefined(input.method) ?? (yield* updater.method())
+    if (!method)
+      return yield* Effect.fail(
+        new Error("Could not detect the installation method. Pass --method to choose how to upgrade OpenCode."),
      )
+
+    log.info(`Using method: ${method}`)
+    const target = Option.getOrUndefined(input.target) ?? (yield* updater.latest())
+    const version = target.trim().replace(/^v/, "")
+    if (version === OPENCODE_VERSION) {
+      log.warn(`OpenCode upgrade skipped: ${version} is already installed`)
      outro("Done")
-    },
-    (effect) =>
-      handlePromptErrors(
-        effect.pipe(
-          Effect.mapError((error) =>
-            error instanceof Updater.UpgradeError ? new Error(formatUpgradeError(error), { cause: error }) : error,
-          ),
-        ),
-      ),
-  ),
+      return
+    }
+
+    log.info(`From ${OPENCODE_VERSION} → ${version}`)
+    const progress = spinner()
+    progress.start("Upgrading...")
+    yield* updater.upgrade(method, target).pipe(
+      Effect.tap(() => Effect.sync(() => progress.stop("Upgrade complete"))),
+      Effect.tapCause(() => Effect.sync(() => progress.stop("Upgrade failed", 1))),
+    )
+    outro("Done")
+  }, handlePromptErrors),
 )
-
-function formatUpgradeError(error: Updater.UpgradeError) {
-  const clean = (value: string) => stripVTControlCharacters(value).replaceAll("\r", "").trim()
-  const line = (value: string) => clean(value).replace(/\s+/g, " ")
-  const detail = wrap(clean(error.detail), Math.max(24, (process.stdout.columns ?? 80) - 7)).join("\n")
-  return [
-    line(error.title),
-    "",
-    detail,
-    ...(error.command ? ["", field("Command", line(error.command))] : []),
-    field("Retry", line(error.retry)),
-  ].join("\n")
-}
-
-function field(label: string, value: string) {
-  const prefix = label.padEnd(9)
-  const width = Math.max(24, Math.min(61, (process.stdout.columns ?? 80) - prefix.length - 10))
-  const lines = wrap(value, width)
-  return lines.map((line, index) => `${index === 0 ? prefix : " ".repeat(prefix.length)}${line}`).join("\n")
-}
-
-function wrap(value: string, width: number) {
-  return value.split("\n").flatMap((source) => {
-    if (source.length <= width) return [source]
-    return source.split(/\s+/).reduce<string[]>((result, word) => {
-      const index = result.length - 1
-      if (index < 0 || result[index].length + word.length + 1 > width) result.push(word)
-      else result[index] += ` ${word}`
-      return result
-    }, [])
-  })
-}
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bun

 import { NodeRuntime, NodeServices } from "@effect/platform-node"
-import { Cause, Effect } from "effect"
-import { getErrorReported } from "effect/Runtime"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Commands } from "./commands/commands"
 import { Runtime } from "./framework/runtime"
 import { Observability } from "@opencode/util/observability"
@@ -131,15 +130,5 @@ Effect.gen(function* () {
  Effect.provide(NodeServices.layer),
  Effect.scoped,
  Effect.tap(() => Effect.sync(() => process.exit(process.exitCode ?? 0))),
-  // runMain's default reporter logs the fatal cause to stdout. Write it to stderr instead: the
-  // desktop and `Service.ensure` only capture stderr from `serve --service`, so this is the only
-  // channel through which a startup failure's reason reaches the user.
-  Effect.tapCause((cause) =>
-    Effect.sync(() => {
-      if (Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(cause)) return
-      if (!getErrorReported(Cause.squash(cause))) return
-      process.stderr.write(Cause.pretty(cause) + "\n")
-    }),
-  ),
-  NodeRuntime.runMain({ disableErrorReporting: true }),
+  NodeRuntime.runMain,
 )
@@ -5,9 +5,7 @@ import { Context, Duration, Effect, FileSystem, Layer, Option, Ref, Schema } fro
 import { ChildProcess } from "effect/unstable/process"
 import { parse, type ParseError } from "jsonc-parser"
 import path from "node:path"
-import { stripVTControlCharacters } from "node:util"
 import { action, parseReleaseVersion, type Policy } from "./updater-action"
-import { errorMessage } from "../util/error"

 export const methods = ["curl", "npm", "pnpm", "bun", "yarn", "vp", "brew"] as const

@@ -15,82 +13,10 @@ export type Method = (typeof methods)[number]
 export type RunResult = { readonly type: "available" | "installed"; readonly version: string }
 export type CheckResult = RunResult | { readonly type: "unavailable"; readonly message: string }

-export class UpgradeError extends Error {
-  readonly title: string
-  readonly detail: string
-  readonly command?: string
-  readonly retry: string
-
-  constructor(
-    input: {
-      readonly title: string
-      readonly detail: string
-      readonly command?: string
-      readonly retry: string
-    },
-    options?: ErrorOptions,
-  ) {
-    super(input.detail, options)
-    this.name = "UpgradeError"
-    this.title = input.title
-    this.detail = input.detail
-    this.command = input.command
-    this.retry = input.retry
-  }
-}
-
 const decodeVpPackages = Schema.decodeUnknownOption(
  Schema.fromJsonString(Schema.Array(Schema.Struct({ name: Schema.String }))),
 )

-const installNames: Record<Method, string> = {
-  curl: "The OpenCode installer",
-  npm: "npm",
-  pnpm: "pnpm",
-  bun: "Bun",
-  yarn: "Yarn",
-  vp: "Vite+",
-  brew: "Homebrew",
-}
-
-function conciseDetail(input: string) {
-  const lines = stripVTControlCharacters(input)
-    .trim()
-    .replaceAll("\r", "\n")
-    .split("\n")
-    .map((line) => line.trimEnd())
-    .filter((line) => line.trim().length > 0)
-  const tail = lines.slice(-12).join("\n")
-  const clipped = tail.length > 2_000
-  const detail = clipped ? `…${tail.slice(-1_999)}` : tail
-  if (!detail) return
-  if (lines.length <= 12 && !clipped) return detail
-  return `${detail}\n\nOutput shortened to the last 12 lines.`
-}
-
-function errorDetail(cause: unknown): string {
-  if (cause instanceof AppProcess.AppProcessError) {
-    const stderr = conciseDetail(cause.stderr ?? "")
-    if (stderr) return stderr
-    if (cause.cause !== undefined) return errorDetail(cause.cause)
-    return cause.message
-  }
-  if (cause instanceof Error) {
-    const detail = cause.cause === undefined ? undefined : errorDetail(cause.cause)
-    if (!detail || detail === cause.message) return cause.message
-    return `${cause.message}: ${detail}`
-  }
-  return errorMessage(cause)
-}
-
-function resultDetail(result: { code: number; stdout: string; stderr: string }) {
-  return (
-    conciseDetail(result.stderr) ??
-    conciseDetail(result.stdout) ??
-    `The command exited with code ${result.code} without any error output.`
-  )
-}
-
 export interface Interface {
  readonly run: (onInstall?: (version: string) => void) => Effect.Effect<RunResult | undefined>
  readonly check: () => Effect.Effect<CheckResult | undefined, Error>
@@ -98,9 +24,9 @@ export interface Interface {
  readonly method: () => Effect.Effect<Method | undefined>
  readonly latest: () => Effect.Effect<string, Error>
  readonly upgrade: (method: Method, version: string) => Effect.Effect<void, Error>
-  readonly removal: (
-    method: Method,
-  ) => { readonly command: ReadonlyArray<string>; readonly run: Effect.Effect<void, Error> } | undefined
+  readonly removal: (method: Method) =>
+    | { readonly command: ReadonlyArray<string>; readonly run: Effect.Effect<void, Error> }
+    | undefined
 }

 export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/cli/Updater") {}
@@ -163,6 +89,7 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
          stdout: result.stdout.toString("utf8"),
          stderr: result.stderr.toString("utf8"),
        })),
+        Effect.orElseSucceed(() => ({ code: 1, stdout: "", stderr: "" })),
      )
  })

@@ -192,11 +119,7 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
    ]
    const results = yield* Effect.forEach(
      checks,
-      (check) =>
-        exec(check.command).pipe(
-          Effect.orElseSucceed(() => ({ code: 1, stdout: "", stderr: "" })),
-          Effect.map((result) => ({ check, result })),
-        ),
+      (check) => exec(check.command).pipe(Effect.map((result) => ({ check, result }))),
      { concurrency: "unbounded" },
    )
    return results.find((result) => {
@@ -221,7 +144,11 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
    return {
      command,
      run: exec(command, "5 minutes").pipe(
-        Effect.flatMap((result) => (result.code === 0 ? Effect.void : Effect.fail(new Error(resultDetail(result))))),
+        Effect.flatMap((result) =>
+          result.code === 0
+            ? Effect.void
+            : Effect.fail(new Error(result.stderr.trim() || `Failed to uninstall with ${method}`)),
+        ),
      ),
    }
  }
@@ -236,44 +163,14 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
            signal: AbortSignal.any([signal, AbortSignal.timeout(10_000)]),
          },
        ),
-      catch: (cause) =>
-        new UpgradeError(
-          {
-            title: "Could not check for OpenCode updates",
-            detail: errorDetail(cause),
-            retry: "Check your network, then run opencode upgrade again.",
-          },
-          { cause },
-        ),
+      catch: (cause) => new Error("Failed to check for updates", { cause }),
    })
-    if (!response.ok)
-      return yield* Effect.fail(
-        new UpgradeError({
-          title: "Could not check for OpenCode updates",
-          detail: `The update service returned HTTP ${response.status}.`,
-          retry: "Try again in a few minutes.",
-        }),
-      )
+    if (!response.ok) return yield* Effect.fail(new Error(`Update check failed with status ${response.status}`))
    const data: { version: string; metadata?: { package?: string } } = yield* Effect.tryPromise({
      try: () => response.json(),
-      catch: (cause) =>
-        new UpgradeError(
-          {
-            title: "Could not read the OpenCode update information",
-            detail: errorDetail(cause),
-            retry: "Try again in a few minutes.",
-          },
-          { cause },
-        ),
+      catch: (cause) => new Error("Failed to read update information", { cause }),
    })
-    if (!data.metadata?.package)
-      return yield* Effect.fail(
-        new UpgradeError({
-          title: "Could not read the OpenCode update information",
-          detail: "The update service returned incomplete release information.",
-          retry: "Try again in a few minutes.",
-        }),
-      )
+    if (!data.metadata?.package) return yield* Effect.fail(new Error("Update information did not include a package"))
    return { package: data.metadata.package, version: data.version }
  })

@@ -288,40 +185,6 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
      fs.remove(directory, { recursive: true, force: true }).pipe(Effect.ignore),
    )

-  const runUpgrade = (input: {
-    readonly method: Method
-    readonly command: string[]
-    readonly displayCommand?: string[]
-    readonly title?: string
-    readonly retry?: string
-  }) => {
-    const failure = (detail: string, cause?: unknown) =>
-      new UpgradeError(
-        {
-          title: input.title ?? `${installNames[input.method]} could not install OpenCode`,
-          detail,
-          command: (input.displayCommand ?? input.command).join(" "),
-          retry: input.retry ?? "Fix the issue above, then run opencode upgrade again.",
-        },
-        cause === undefined ? undefined : { cause },
-      )
-    return exec(input.command, "5 minutes").pipe(
-      Effect.flatMap((result) =>
-        result.code === 0 ? Effect.succeed(result) : Effect.fail(failure(resultDetail(result))),
-      ),
-      Effect.mapError((cause) =>
-        cause instanceof UpgradeError
-          ? cause
-          : failure(
-              cause instanceof AppProcess.AppProcessError && cause.stderr === undefined && cause.cause === undefined
-                ? `Failed to update with ${input.method}`
-                : errorDetail(cause),
-              cause,
-            ),
-      ),
-    )
-  }
-
  const upgrade = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (method: Method, input: string) {
    if (!parseReleaseVersion(input)) return yield* Effect.fail(new Error(`Invalid version: ${input}`))
    const version = input.trim().replace(/^v/, "")
@@ -349,54 +212,31 @@ const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
          ? ["vp", "install", "-g", "--force", target]
          : ["vp", "update", "-g", target],
    }
-    yield* Effect.scoped(
+    const result = yield* Effect.scoped(
      Effect.gen(function* () {
        if (method === "bun") {
          // Bun does not prune old versions from its shared package cache.
          yield* fs.makeDirectory(global.cache, { recursive: true })
          const cache = yield* temporaryDirectory("update-")
-          return yield* runUpgrade({
-            method,
-            command: ["bun", "install", "--global", "--trust", "--cache-dir", cache, target],
-            displayCommand: ["bun", "install", "--global", "--trust", target],
-          })
+          return yield* exec(["bun", "install", "--global", "--trust", "--cache-dir", cache, target], "5 minutes")
        }
        if (method === "curl") {
          yield* fs.makeDirectory(global.cache, { recursive: true })
          const directory = yield* temporaryDirectory("update-")
          const installer = path.join(directory, "install")
-          yield* runUpgrade({
-            method,
-            command: ["curl", "-fsSL", "-o", installer, "https://opencode.ai/v2/install"],
-            displayCommand: ["curl", "-fsSL", "https://opencode.ai/v2/install"],
-            title: "Could not download the OpenCode installer",
-            retry: "Check your network, then run opencode upgrade again.",
-          })
-          return yield* runUpgrade({
-            method,
-            command: ["bash", installer, "--version", version, "--no-modify-path"],
-            displayCommand: ["opencode", "upgrade", version, "--method", "curl"],
-            title: "The OpenCode installer failed",
-          })
+          const download = yield* exec(
+            ["curl", "-fsSL", "-o", installer, "https://opencode.ai/v2/install"],
+            "5 minutes",
+          )
+          if (download.code !== 0) return download
+          return yield* exec(["bash", installer, "--version", version, "--no-modify-path"], "5 minutes")
        }
-        if (method === "brew") return yield* runUpgrade({ method, command: ["brew", "upgrade", packageName] })
-        return yield* runUpgrade({ method, command: commands[method] })
+        if (method === "brew") return yield* exec(["brew", "upgrade", packageName], "5 minutes")
+        return yield* exec(commands[method], "5 minutes")
      }),
-    ).pipe(
-      Effect.mapError((cause) =>
-        cause instanceof UpgradeError
-          ? cause
-          : new UpgradeError(
-              {
-                title: "Could not prepare the OpenCode upgrade",
-                detail: errorDetail(cause),
-                retry: "Fix the issue above, then run opencode upgrade again.",
-              },
-              { cause },
-            ),
-      ),
-      Effect.asVoid,
-    )
+    ).pipe(Effect.mapError((cause) => new Error(`Failed to update with ${method}`, { cause })))
+    if (result.code === 0) return
+    return yield* Effect.fail(new Error(result.stderr.trim() || `Failed to update with ${method}`))
  })

  const inspect = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/client",
-  "version": "2.0.12",
+  "version": "2.0.10",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
  "repository": {
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
 - Tool schemas are the model-facing Interface. Keep arguments minimal and natural to the operation; never add unrelated IDs as ambient capability tokens.
 - State model-visible diagnostics, logs, tool descriptions, and instructions directly. The execution context is already clear; do not repeat `Code Mode` or `CodeMode` unless the distinction is necessary.
 - When interpreter behavior or support changes, update `interpreter-support.md` and direct tests in the same PR.
- Program values are `Value` (`src/interpreter/objects.ts`); host values are `unknown` and are copied in at the boundaries (`fromHost`, `fromJson`). Do not widen program-facing signatures back to `unknown`.
- A built-in kind of object is one `Obj` subclass (`Wrapper` for host-backed data such as Date or Map, `Opaque` for machinery such as functions and promises) that overrides `tag`, `toString`, `toPrimitive`, `inspect`, `toHost`, and `iterator` as needed. Do not add `instanceof` ladders over the built-in classes elsewhere; ask the object.

 ## OpenAPI

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
      and Map, RegExp, and generators serialize as `{}`. A bare `undefined` result is `null`.
      Tool results come back the way `JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(result))` would. The table, where a value cannot
      be JSON but what the program meant is clear: a promise is awaited (a rejection fails the program), a Set
-      crosses as an array, a URLSearchParams as its query string, an Error as `{ name, message, ...own enumerable }`, a
+      crosses as an array, a URLSearchParams as its query string, an Error as `{ name, message, ...own }`, a
      Uint8Array is rejected with a hint to encode as text, and own `__proto__` keys are dropped so merging tool
      inputs or results cannot replace a prototype. In-program `JSON.stringify` keeps JS behavior except for the
      Error form and a promise, which is a `TypeError` with an await hint rather than a silent `{}`.
@@ -38,11 +38,8 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
      10,000,000 elements (`Array(n)`, `length =`, `Array.from`, `split`, `matchAll`, `concat`, `flat`; below the JS
      maximum of 2^32 - 1), and 10,000 pending promises at once. Exceeding one throws a `RangeError`. A single regular
      expression match can still run long on a pathological pattern; the host regex engine has no interrupt hook.
- [x] A trailing comma after a rest parameter is a syntax error, with or without `"use strict"`.
- [x] A program that begins with `"use strict"` rejects `yield` as an identifier and duplicate parameter names at
-      parse time. Without it, `yield` is an ordinary binding.
- [ ] Duplicate parameter names in non-strict code throw when the function is called, instead of binding the last
-      parameter as JavaScript does.
+- [ ] Strict-mode early errors: duplicate parameter names, `yield` as an identifier, and a trailing comma after a
+      rest parameter are accepted unless the program itself begins with `"use strict"`.

 ## Values and literals

@@ -87,6 +84,7 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
 - [x] Destructuring reads through the prototype chain like member access: `const { constructor } = error` and
      `const { slice } = values` find the inherited built-in.
 - [ ] Member expressions as `for...in` targets (`for (x.y in obj)`).
+- [ ] `IteratorClose` during destructuring should throw a `TypeError` when `return()` yields a non-object.

 ## Statements and control flow

@@ -96,8 +94,7 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
 - [x] `for`, `while`, and `do...while`.
 - [x] `for...of` over arrays, strings, Maps, Sets, URLSearchParams, Headers, Uint8Arrays, built-in iterators, custom
      synchronous iterators, and confined synchronous generators. Abrupt completion invokes the iterator's optional `return()`.
- [x] `for...in` over own keys of plain objects, arrays, strings, and tool references. `null`, `undefined`, and other
-      non-objects iterate nothing. An un-awaited promise throws rather than iterating.
+- [x] `for...in` over own keys of plain objects, arrays, strings, and tool references; other values iterate nothing.
 - [x] Unlabeled `break` and `continue`.
 - [x] `try`, `catch`, optional catch bindings, and `finally`.
 - [x] `throw` with arbitrary values.
@@ -111,8 +108,7 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
 ## Functions and callbacks

 - [x] Function declarations, function expressions, and arrow functions.
- [x] Synchronous and `async` functions. A line break between `function` and the name is allowed, as in JavaScript;
-      a line break between `async` and `function` is not an async function.
+- [x] Synchronous and `async` functions.
 - [x] Closures, recursion, default parameters, rest parameters, and destructured parameters.
 - [x] A call depth limit of 10000: deeper nesting throws a catchable `RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded`
      at the overflowing call instead of running until the timeout. Callbacks invoked by built-ins count below the
@@ -147,6 +143,7 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
      `Array.prototype.push.name === "push"`).
 - [ ] A named function expression's name is not bound inside its own body.
 - [ ] Redeclaring a function in the same scope is rejected; in JavaScript the last declaration wins.
+- [ ] A line terminator between `async function` and the function name.
 - [ ] Generator and async generator functions evaluate parameter defaults and destructuring at the first `next()`
      rather than at the call, so their errors are not thrown synchronously.
 - [x] Synchronous and async generator declarations/expressions, `yield`, and `yield*`, including lazy bodies,
@@ -161,8 +158,7 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
      rejected by every synchronous consumer.
 - [x] Synchronous iterator acquisition and result validation follow `IteratorClose` boundaries: consumer errors and
      intentional early stops invoke `return()`, acquisition/`next()` failures do not, and an original consumer error
-      wins over a cleanup failure. A generator's `return()` is an intentional stop, so a `return()` that throws or
-      yields a non-object surfaces from it as a `TypeError`. Async iterator consumption remains limited to `for await...of` and async `yield*`.
+      wins over a cleanup failure. Async iterator consumption remains limited to `for await...of` and async `yield*`.
 - [x] Portable generator protocol coverage is adapted from pinned Test262 cases for suspended-start, suspended-yield,
      and completed states; sync and async `next`/`return`/`throw`; finally yields and completion overrides; rejected
      yielded promises; mixed async request queues; sync and async `yield*` forwarding; malformed methods/results;
@@ -184,8 +180,7 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
      on any other value throws a catchable `TypeError` naming the callee: other built-in functions such as `Number`
      say `new` is unsupported and point at the plain call, user-defined functions report the constructor gap below,
      and non-callable values are not constructors. Error constructors take the ES2022 options object, so
-      `new Error(message, { cause })` installs a non-enumerable `cause` when the option is present. `Error.isError`
-      is true for every Error value.
+      `new Error(message, { cause })` installs a non-enumerable `cause` when the option is present.
 - [x] Arithmetic operators: `+`, `-`, `*`, `/`, `%`, and `**`.
 - [x] Equality and ordering: `==`, `!=`, `===`, `!==`, `<`, `<=`, `>`, and `>=`.
 - [x] Bitwise operators: `&`, `|`, `^`, `~`, `<<`, `>>`, and `>>>`.
@@ -238,10 +233,6 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
      resolving with the promise itself rejects with a `TypeError`. Resolver callables work anywhere callbacks are
      accepted, including `.then`/`.catch` handlers and collection callbacks, and vanish at the data boundary like
      any function.
- [x] `Promise.withResolvers()`: the same promise and resolver callables as the constructor, as a `{ promise, resolve,
-    reject }` object.
- [x] `Promise.try(fn, ...args)`: calls `fn` synchronously; a throw rejects, a return fulfils, and a returned promise or
-      thenable is adopted.
 - [x] Recursive assimilation of objects with an own callable `then` field across `Promise.resolve`, combinators,
      constructors, reactions, `finally`, `await`, and async returns. Thenable methods run deferred, receive
      first-call-wins resolve/reject functions, and ignore throws after settlement. Inherited/accessor `then` fields
@@ -279,9 +270,8 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
 - [x] `Object.is` for supported data values.
 - [x] `Object.groupBy` over finite collections and custom synchronous iterators/generators, with string-key coercion
      and plain-object results.
- [x] `Object.prototype` methods on values: `toString` (`"[object Array]"`, `"[object Map]"`, `"[object Promise]"`, and so
-      on for every built-in kind, as JS reports through `Symbol.toStringTag`), `toLocaleString` (calls the value's
-      `toString`, as in JS), `valueOf`, `hasOwnProperty`, `isPrototypeOf`, and `propertyIsEnumerable`.
+- [x] `Object.prototype` methods on values: `toString` (`"[object Array]"`), `toLocaleString`, `valueOf`,
+      `hasOwnProperty`, `isPrototypeOf`, and `propertyIsEnumerable`.

 ## Arrays

@@ -295,14 +285,12 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
      `lastIndexOf`.
 - [x] Aggregation: `reduce` and `reduceRight`.
 - [x] Ordering: `sort`, `toSorted`, `reverse`, and `toReversed`.
- [x] Access/copying: `at`, `slice`, `concat`, `flat`, `with`, `join`, and `toLocaleString` (each element's
-      `toLocaleString`, holes and nullish elements as empty strings).
+- [x] Access/copying: `at`, `slice`, `concat`, `flat`, `with`, and `join`.
 - [x] Mutation: `push`, `pop`, `shift`, `unshift`, `splice`, `fill`, and `copyWithin`.
 - [x] `keys`, `values`, `entries`, and `[Symbol.iterator]` (the same function as `values`) return live iterator objects
      with `next()` and `[Symbol.iterator]`, as in JS. Iterator objects are opaque references: they print as
      `[opaque reference]`, serialize to `{}`, and cannot be passed to extensions. Every built-in collection iterator
-      shares one prototype. JavaScript gives each collection its own; the difference is not observable here because
-      `Object.getPrototypeOf` is not exposed.
+      shares one prototype, which is only observable through `getPrototypeOf`.
 - [x] `length`, numeric indexing, index assignment, spread, and `for...of`.
 - [x] The `thisArg` argument of `Array.from` is accepted and ignored, like JS arrows.
 - [x] `Array.prototype.toSpliced`.
@@ -315,13 +303,12 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
      form, like `JSON.stringify`.
 - [ ] Argument coercion for `indexOf`, `lastIndexOf`, `includes`, `fill`, `flat`, `copyWithin`, and the `join`
      separator: JavaScript applies ToIntegerOrInfinity/ToString (including `valueOf`, strings, and `undefined`), the
-      interpreter requires numbers and strings. `indexOf()` and `lastIndexOf()` with no argument already search for
-      `undefined`; `includes()` still requires a value.
+      interpreter requires numbers and strings; `includes()`/`indexOf()` with no argument should search for
+      `undefined`.

 ## Strings

- [x] Case/normalization: `toLowerCase`, `toUpperCase`, `normalize`, and the `toLocaleLowerCase`/`toLocaleUpperCase`
-      aliases, which ignore their locale argument and apply the default Unicode casing.
+- [x] Case/normalization: `toLowerCase`, `toUpperCase`, `normalize`.
 - [x] Trimming: `trim`, `trimStart`, and `trimEnd`, plus the Annex B `trimLeft` and `trimRight` aliases.
 - [x] Searching/tests: `includes`, `startsWith`, `endsWith`, `indexOf`, `lastIndexOf`, and `search`.
 - [x] Slicing/access: `slice`, `substring`, Annex B `substr`, `at`, `charAt`, `charCodeAt`, and `codePointAt`.
@@ -345,8 +332,7 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
 - [x] Coercion functions: `Number`, `parseInt`, and `parseFloat`.
 - [x] Number predicates/parsers: `Number.isInteger`, `Number.isFinite`, `Number.isNaN`, `Number.isSafeInteger`,
      `Number.parseInt`, and `Number.parseFloat`.
- [x] Number formatting: `toFixed`, `toPrecision`, `toExponential`, `toString`, `valueOf`, and `toLocaleString`, which
-      always formats as `en-US` (`"1,234.5"`) so output does not depend on the host.
+- [x] Number formatting: `toFixed`, `toPrecision`, `toExponential`, `toString`, and `valueOf`.
 - [x] Number constants: `MAX_SAFE_INTEGER`, `MIN_SAFE_INTEGER`, `MAX_VALUE`, `MIN_VALUE`, `EPSILON`, `NaN`,
      `POSITIVE_INFINITY`, and `NEGATIVE_INFINITY`.
 - [x] Math constants: `PI`, `E`, `LN2`, `LN10`, `LOG2E`, `LOG10E`, `SQRT2`, and `SQRT1_2`.
@@ -359,8 +345,7 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
      use their epoch time) and reject opaque runtime references as data errors.
 - [x] Unknown static members on global namespaces and on `Number`/`String`/the coercion functions read as `undefined`
      for feature detection. Calling any undefined value reports a native-style `TypeError` naming the callee, for
-      example `Math.sum is not a function.` or `search(...).catch is not a function.` Unknown `Promise` statics keep
-      their descriptive error.
+      example `Math.sum is not a function.` Unknown `Promise` statics keep their descriptive error.
 - [x] `Math.sumPrecise` over finite collections and custom synchronous iterators/generators, rejecting non-number
      elements without coercion.
 - [x] Global coercing `isFinite` and `isNaN`; opaque runtime references reject as data errors, like `Number(...)`.
@@ -374,8 +359,7 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
 - [x] `JSON.stringify` function and array replacers. Function replacers receive `(key, value)` in preorder, including
      the root, but no `this` holder. Array replacers preserve requested property order, deduplicate names, coerce
      number primitives, and ignore non-string/non-number entries. Primitive wrapper entries remain unsupported.
- [x] Captured `console.log`, `console.info`, `console.debug`, `console.warn`, and `console.error`. An Error prints as
-      `Error.prototype.toString` would show it (`Error: boom`), wherever it appears in the logged value.
+- [x] Captured `console.log`, `console.info`, `console.debug`, `console.warn`, and `console.error`.
 - [x] Captured `console.dir` and `console.table`.

 ## Date
@@ -395,8 +379,6 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
      `TimeClip` behavior.
 - [x] `Date.prototype.toUTCString` and its `toGMTString` alias.
 - [x] `toDateString` and `toTimeString` in the host's local timezone.
- [x] `toLocaleString`, `toLocaleDateString`, and `toLocaleTimeString` always format as `en-US` in UTC
-      (`"1/1/1970, 12:00:00 AM"`) so output does not depend on the host.
 - [x] Native one-argument Date coercion for supported values, including booleans, null, arrays, and plain objects.
 - [ ] Date setters and multi-argument construction coerce object arguments through `valueOf`/`toString` and surface
      their throws.
@@ -418,29 +400,15 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
 - [x] Match `indices` metadata for the `d` flag, including named groups on `exec`, `match`, and `matchAll` results.
 - [x] `RegExp.escape`.

-## Iterator
-
- [x] `Iterator.prototype.map`, `filter`, `take`, `drop`, and `flatMap` on any iterator or generator: lazy, one source
-      step per result, closing the source when a callback throws, on early `return()`, or when `for...of` or
-      destructuring finishes with it early. Once done or closed a helper stays done, and a callback that re-enters its
-      own helper is a `TypeError`. `take`/`drop` coerce their count and reject `NaN` or negative counts with a
-      `RangeError`; `flatMap` callbacks must return an iterable or iterator, not a string.
- [x] `Iterator.prototype.reduce`, `toArray`, `forEach`, `some`, `every`, and `find`, closing the source on early exit.
- [x] `Iterator.from(value)` returns iterators and generators as they are, and wraps strings, iterables, and objects
-      with a `next` method. `Iterator` itself is abstract: calling or constructing it is a `TypeError`.
- [x] Helpers and `Iterator.from` wrappers have `return()`; collection iterators (`array.values()`) do not, as in JS,
-      so an early exit from them leaves them where they were.
- [ ] `Iterator.concat`, `Iterator.zip`, and `Iterator.zipKeyed` (stage 3 proposals).
-
 ## Map and Set

 - [x] Static `Map.groupBy` over finite collections and custom synchronous iterators/generators, preserving key identity.
 - [x] `new Map()` from synchronous iterables of entries.
- [x] Map `get`, `set`, `has`, `delete`, `clear`, `size`, `forEach`, `getOrInsert`, and `getOrInsertComputed`.
+- [x] Map `get`, `set`, `has`, `delete`, `clear`, `size`, and `forEach`.
 - [x] `new Set()` from synchronous iterables.
 - [x] Set `add`, `has`, `delete`, `clear`, `size`, and `forEach`.
 - [x] Live `keys`, `values`, `entries`, and `[Symbol.iterator]` iterators for Map and Set; a Set-like operand's `keys()`
-      may return any iterator or an array.
+      may return a built-in iterator or an array.
 - [x] Spread, `for...of`, `Array.from`, and `Object.fromEntries` integration.
 - [x] Map and Set values serialize to `{}` at host/JSON boundaries.
 - [x] Set composition and relation methods: `union`, `intersection`, `difference`, `symmetricDifference`, `isSubsetOf`,
@@ -457,8 +425,7 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
 - [x] `new URLSearchParams()` from query strings, data objects, synchronous iterables of pairs, and URLSearchParams.
 - [x] URLSearchParams `append`, `delete`, `get`, `getAll`, `has`, `set`, `sort`, `forEach`, `keys`, `values`,
      `entries`, `[Symbol.iterator]`, `toString`, and `size`.
- [x] URL values are their href in `JSON.stringify` and at the host boundary. URLSearchParams are `{}` in
-      `JSON.stringify` and their query string at the host boundary.
+- [x] URL values serialize to their href; URLSearchParams serialize to `{}`.

 ## Uint8Array

@@ -503,8 +470,7 @@ Nothing is exposed unless a host provides it; extension calls are not tool calls
 - [x] Every value crossing in either direction is converted, never shared: plain objects and arrays are copied,
      `Date`, `RegExp`, `URL`, `URLSearchParams`, `Headers`, `Map`, `Set`, and `Uint8Array` become fresh copies with
      their contents converted (a host `ArrayBuffer` comes in as a `Uint8Array`; other typed arrays cannot come out),
-      errors cross as errors with their name, message, `cause`, and own enumerable data, and a `__proto__` key is
-      dropped. Functions, generators,
+      errors cross as errors with their name and message, and a `__proto__` key is dropped. Functions, generators,
      un-awaited promises, and symbols cannot be passed in; a class instance, a symbol, or a BigInt cannot come out.
 - [x] A host function inside a result becomes a program function whose calls cross the same way, so a result can
      carry methods (`res.json()`) whose host closures keep the host state. Diagnostics name it by its path
@@ -529,10 +495,8 @@ Nothing is exposed unless a host provides it; extension calls are not tool calls
 - [x] `AggregateError` with the `(errors, message?)` signature and an own `errors` array, constructed directly or by
      an all-rejected `Promise.any`; direct construction accepts custom synchronous iterators and generators.
 - [x] Error `name`/`message`, error inheritance through `instanceof`, and plain-data serialization. `message` is an own
-      non-enumerable property and `name` is inherited, as in JS, so `Object.keys(err)` is `[]` for a plain error. The
-      result boundary still emits `{ name, message, ...own enumerable }`, so a field such as `code` crosses. `cause` is
-      non-enumerable: an extension Error carries it, and this JSON form does not. Errors have no `stack`; the diagnostic
-      carries a 1-based line and column in the submitted source instead.
+      non-enumerable property and `name` is inherited, as in JS, so `Object.keys(err)` is `[]` while the host still
+      receives `{ name, message }`. Errors have no `stack`; the diagnostic carries the source location instead.
 - [x] `instanceof` against any constructor with a `prototype`, including every built-in and `Function`.
 - [x] Catchable user throws, runtime failures raised during interpreted evaluation, awaited tool failures, and awaited
      tool-call-limit failures; parse/compile failures, cooperative timeout, and output bounding remain outside program
@@ -541,9 +505,8 @@ Nothing is exposed unless a host provides it; extension calls are not tool calls
      short orientation to the supported subset; this matrix is the full reference.
 - [x] Model-visible host failure messages and underlying causes, including output-validation errors.
 - [x] Caught errors do not distinguish user throws, interpreter failures, and tool failures; a program sees one
-      Error-shaped value in `catch`, rejection handlers, and `Promise.allSettled` reasons. It always has `name` and
-      `message`, plus `cause` and own data when the failure carried them. This is deliberate: the program should
-      handle a failure the same way regardless of where it originated.
+      Error-shaped value with `name` and `message` in `catch`, rejection handlers, and `Promise.allSettled` reasons.
+      This is deliberate: the program should handle a failure the same way regardless of where it originated.
 - [x] Failures raised by the interpreter are `TypeError`s unless JavaScript names them otherwise (`RangeError`,
      `ReferenceError`, `SyntaxError`, `URIError`), so `e instanceof TypeError` and `e.constructor === TypeError`
      hold. Unsupported syntax reached at runtime is a `SyntaxError`; awaited tool failures stay plain `Error`.
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/codemode",
-  "version": "2.0.12",
+  "version": "2.0.10",
  "description": "Effect-native confined code execution over schema-described tools",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import {
  Obj,
  PromiseObj,
  record,
-  type Value,
  SetObj,
  URLSearchParamsObj,
  HeadersObj,
@@ -24,14 +23,14 @@ import { typeofValue } from "./interpreter/references.js"

 export type Json = Schema.Json

-type Replacer<R> = (args: Array<Value>) => Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R>
+type Replacer<R> = (args: Array<unknown>) => Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R>

 /**
 * What `JSON.stringify` would serialize for a program value, as host JSON: `toJSON` is honored, functions and
 * `undefined` vanish, non-finite numbers become null, and everything else is copied. Two departures from JS
 * so a mistake is not a silent `{}`: an Error serializes as `{ name, message, ...own }`, and a promise throws.
 */
-export const toJson = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>, value: Value, replacer?: Replacer<R>) =>
+export const toJson = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>, value: unknown, replacer?: Replacer<R>) =>
  walk(ctx, value, replacer, false)

 /**
@@ -39,11 +38,11 @@ export const toJson = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>, value: Value, replacer?: Replacer
 * awaited, a Set crosses as an array, a URLSearchParams as its query string, a Uint8Array asks to be encoded as
 * text first, and a `__proto__` key is dropped so host code can never receive one.
 */
-export const toBoundary = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>, value: Value) => walk(ctx, value, undefined, true)
+export const toBoundary = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>, value: unknown) => walk(ctx, value, undefined, true)

 const walk = <R>(
  ctx: Interpreter<R>,
-  value: Value,
+  value: unknown,
  replacer: Replacer<R> | undefined,
  boundary: boolean,
 ): Effect.Effect<Json | undefined, unknown, R> => {
@@ -105,7 +104,7 @@ const walk = <R>(
 }

 /** Host JSON as program values: objects and arrays are copied, primitives pass through. */
-export const fromJson = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>, value: Json | undefined): Value => {
+export const fromJson = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>, value: unknown): unknown => {
  if (value === null || typeof value !== "object") return value
  if (Array.isArray(value))
    return new Arr(
@@ -1,35 +1,24 @@
-import { Cause, Effect, Exit } from "effect"
+import { Effect, Exit } from "effect"
+import { coerceToNumber, coerceToString } from "../stdlib/value.js"
 import type { Interpreter } from "./interpreter.js"
-import { primitivePrototype } from "./intrinsics.js"
-import { GeneratorReturn, typeError } from "./model.js"
-import {
-  Callable,
-  get,
-  Native,
-  DateObj,
-  Obj,
-  coerceToNumber,
-  coerceToString,
-  type Cursor,
-  type Value,
-} from "./objects.js"
+import { typeError } from "./model.js"
+import { Callable, get, Native, DateObj, Obj } from "./objects.js"
 import { typeofValue } from "./references.js"

-/** IteratorClose: a consumer failure closes the iterator and wins over any close failure, except that a generator's
- * return() is a return completion, so a failing close wins over it, as after `break`. */
+export type IteratorCursor<R> = {
+  readonly next: Effect.Effect<{ readonly done: boolean; readonly value: unknown }, unknown, R>
+  readonly close: Effect.Effect<void, unknown, R>
+}
+
 export const preserveConsumerError = <A, R>(
-  close: Cursor<R>["close"],
+  cursor: IteratorCursor<R>,
  effect: Effect.Effect<A, unknown, R>,
 ): Effect.Effect<A, unknown, R> =>
-  Effect.flatMap(Effect.exit(effect), (exit) => {
-    if (Exit.isSuccess(exit)) return Effect.succeed(exit.value)
-    return Effect.flatMap(Effect.exit(close), (closed) => {
-      if (!Exit.isSuccess(closed) && Cause.squash(exit.cause) instanceof GeneratorReturn) {
-        return Effect.failCause(closed.cause)
-      }
-      return Effect.failCause(exit.cause)
-    })
-  })
+  Effect.flatMap(Effect.exit(effect), (exit) =>
+    Exit.isSuccess(exit)
+      ? Effect.succeed(exit.value)
+      : Effect.andThen(Effect.exit(cursor.close), Effect.failCause(exit.cause)),
+  )

 /**
 * ToPrimitive: calls `valueOf`/`toString` in hint order and returns the first primitive result. Dates treat the
@@ -37,9 +26,9 @@ export const preserveConsumerError = <A, R>(
 */
 export const toPrimitive = <R>(
  ctx: Interpreter<R>,
-  value: Value,
+  value: unknown,
  hint: "number" | "string" | "default",
-): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> => {
+): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> => {
  if (!(value instanceof Obj)) return Effect.succeed(value)
  const asString = hint === "string" || (hint === "default" && value instanceof DateObj)
  const order = asString ? ["toString", "valueOf"] : ["valueOf", "toString"]
@@ -54,31 +43,24 @@ export const toPrimitive = <R>(
  })
 }

-/** Invoke(value, name): calls the method the value would find through its prototype. */
-export const invoke = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>, value: Value, name: string, label: string) => {
-  const target = value instanceof Obj ? value : primitivePrototype(ctx.builtins, value)
-  if (target === undefined) throw typeError(`${label} called on null or undefined.`)
-  return ctx.call(get(target, name), value, [])
-}
-
-export const toPrimitiveString = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>, value: Value) =>
+export const toPrimitiveString = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>, value: unknown) =>
  Effect.map(toPrimitive(ctx, value, "string"), coerceToString)

-export const toPrimitiveNumber = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>, value: Value) =>
+export const toPrimitiveNumber = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>, value: unknown) =>
  Effect.map(toPrimitive(ctx, value, "number"), coerceToNumber)

 // The single acceptance list for callbacks: collections, sort, string replacers,
 // Array.from mappers, and promise reactions all admit exactly these callables.
 // Admission means dispatchable, not necessarily invocable: new-requiring
 // constructors pass the gate and throw a TypeError on call, like JS.
-export const isSupportedCallback = (value: Value): value is Callable =>
+export const isSupportedCallback = (value: unknown): value is Callable =>
  value instanceof Callable && !(value instanceof Native && !value.callback)

 export const applyCollectionCallback = <R>(
  ctx: Interpreter<R>,
-  callback: Value,
+  callback: unknown,
  name: string,
-): ((args: Array<Value>) => Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R>) => {
+): ((args: Array<unknown>) => Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R>) => {
  if (!isSupportedCallback(callback)) {
    if (typeofValue(callback) === "function") {
      throw typeError(
@@ -6,21 +6,10 @@ import { type AstNode, formatLocation, PendingThrow, Throw, sourceLocation, type
 import { containsRuntimeReference } from "./references.js"
 import { createErrorValue, type ErrorType, isErrorType } from "./intrinsics.js"
 import { constructor, methods, prototypeFrom, receiver } from "./native.js"
-import {
-  type Callable,
-  define,
-  get,
-  has,
-  hidden,
-  type Native,
-  Arr,
-  ErrorObj,
-  Obj,
-  coerceToString,
-  type Value,
-} from "./objects.js"
+import { type Callable, define, get, has, hidden, type Native, Arr, ErrorObj, Obj } from "./objects.js"
 import type { Interpreter } from "./interpreter.js"
 import { formatValue } from "../stdlib/console.js"
+import { coerceToString } from "../stdlib/value.js"

 export const normalizeError = (error: unknown): Diagnostic => {
  if (error instanceof PendingThrow) {
@@ -97,7 +86,7 @@ export const locate = (error: unknown, node?: AstNode): unknown => {
 }

 /** The program value a handler receives for a failure; one failure always yields the same value. */
-export const materialize = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>, thrown: unknown): Value => {
+export const materialize = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>, thrown: unknown): unknown => {
  if (thrown instanceof Throw) return thrown.value
  const builtins = ctx.builtins
  if (thrown instanceof PendingThrow) {
@@ -124,7 +113,7 @@ const errorToString = (self: Obj): string => {

 export const createAggregateErrorValue = <R>(
  ctx: Interpreter<R>,
-  errors: Array<Value>,
+  errors: Array<unknown>,
  message: string,
  proto: Obj = ctx.builtins.AggregateError,
 ) => {
@@ -135,13 +124,13 @@ export const createAggregateErrorValue = <R>(

 const constructAggregateErrorValue = <R>(
  ctx: Interpreter<R>,
-  args: Array<Value>,
+  args: Array<unknown>,
  proto: Obj,
 ): Effect.Effect<ErrorObj, unknown, R> =>
  Effect.gen(function* () {
    const cursor = yield* ctx.iterate(args[0])
    if (cursor === undefined) throw typeError("new AggregateError(...) expects a synchronous iterable of errors.")
-    const errors: Array<Value> = []
+    const errors: Array<unknown> = []
    while (true) {
      const step = yield* cursor.next
      if (step.done) {
@@ -155,7 +144,7 @@ const constructAggregateErrorValue = <R>(
 export const errorGlobal = <R>(type: ErrorType, ctx: Interpreter<R>) => {
  const builtins = ctx.builtins
  const prototype = builtins[type]
-  const construct = (args: Array<Value>, newTarget: Callable) => {
+  const construct = (args: Array<unknown>, newTarget: Callable) => {
    const proto = prototypeFrom(newTarget, prototype)
    const created =
      type === "AggregateError"
@@ -179,7 +168,6 @@ export const errorGlobal = <R>(type: ErrorType, ctx: Interpreter<R>) => {
    methods(builtins, prototype, [
      ["toString", 0, (thisValue) => errorToString(receiver(Obj, thisValue, "Error.prototype.toString"))],
    ])
-    methods(builtins, ctor, [["isError", 1, (_, args) => args[0] instanceof ErrorObj]])
  }
  return ctor
 }
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import type { DataValue, Diagnostic, ResolvedExecutionLimits, Result } from "../
 import { toBoundary } from "../data.js"
 import { ToolRuntime } from "../tool-runtime.js"
 import { normalizeError } from "./errors.js"
-import type { Value } from "./objects.js"
 import { createBuiltins } from "./intrinsics.js"
 import { Pending } from "./promises.js"
 import { Interpreter } from "./interpreter.js"
@@ -14,7 +13,7 @@ export const executeProgram = <R>(
  prepared: ToolRuntime.Prepared<R>,
  limits: ResolvedExecutionLimits,
  hooks: ToolRuntime.Hooks<R>,
-  globals?: (ctx: Interpreter<R>) => ReadonlyArray<readonly [string, Value]>,
+  globals?: (ctx: Interpreter<R>) => ReadonlyArray<readonly [string, unknown]>,
 ): Effect.Effect<Result, never, R> => {
  if (code.trim().length === 0) {
    return Effect.succeed({
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import type { Extension } from "../extension.js"
+import { coerceToString } from "../stdlib/value.js"
 import { type ExtensionInvocation, hooked } from "../tool-runtime.js"
 import type { Interpreter } from "./interpreter.js"
 import { createErrorValue, isErrorType } from "./intrinsics.js"
@@ -7,7 +8,9 @@ import { MAX_VALUE_DEPTH } from "./limits.js"
 import { PendingThrow, Throw, typeError } from "./model.js"
 import { fn } from "./native.js"
 import {
+  Callable,
  define,
+  entries,
  get,
  has,
  hidden,
@@ -16,17 +19,18 @@ import {
  Bytes,
  DateObj,
  ErrorObj,
-  HeadersObj,
+  GeneratorObj,
+  IteratorObj,
  MapObj,
  Obj,
+  PromiseObj,
  RegExpObj,
  SetObj,
  URLObj,
  URLSearchParamsObj,
-  coerceToString,
-  type Value,
+  HeadersObj,
 } from "./objects.js"
-import { describeValue, isOpaque } from "./references.js"
+import { describeValue } from "./references.js"

 /**
 * The global bindings of one run's extensions. Everything crossing the boundary is converted: plain data and
@@ -36,18 +40,35 @@ import { describeValue, isOpaque } from "./references.js"
 export const extensionGlobals = <R>(
  ctx: Interpreter<R>,
  extensions: ReadonlyArray<Extension>,
-): ReadonlyArray<readonly [string, Value]> => {
+): ReadonlyArray<readonly [string, unknown]> => {
  const builtins = ctx.builtins

-  const toHost = (value: Value, label: string, depth = 0, seen = new Set<object>()): unknown => {
+  const toHost = (value: unknown, label: string, depth = 0, seen = new Set<object>()): unknown => {
    if (depth > MAX_VALUE_DEPTH) throw typeError(`${label} exceeds the maximum value depth of ${MAX_VALUE_DEPTH}.`)
-    if (isPrimitive(value)) return value
-    if (!(value instanceof Obj) || isOpaque(value)) {
+    if (value === null || typeof value !== "object") {
+      if (isPrimitive(value)) return value
+      throw typeError(`${label} contains ${describeValue(value)}, which cannot be passed to an extension.`)
+    }
+    if (value instanceof Bytes) return new Uint8Array(value.bytes)
+    if (value instanceof DateObj) return new Date(value.time)
+    if (value instanceof RegExpObj) return new RegExp(value.regex.source, value.regex.flags)
+    if (value instanceof URLObj) return new URL(value.url.href)
+    if (value instanceof URLSearchParamsObj) return new URLSearchParams(value.params)
+    if (value instanceof HeadersObj) return new Headers(value.headers)
+    const next = (item: unknown) => toHost(item, label, depth + 1, seen)
+    if (value instanceof MapObj) return new Map([...value.map].map(([key, item]) => [next(key), next(item)]))
+    if (value instanceof SetObj) return new Set([...value.set].map(next))
+    if (
+      !(value instanceof Obj) ||
+      value instanceof Callable ||
+      value instanceof GeneratorObj ||
+      value instanceof IteratorObj ||
+      value instanceof PromiseObj
+    ) {
      throw typeError(`${label} contains ${describeValue(value)}, which cannot be passed to an extension.`)
    }
    if (seen.has(value)) throw typeError(`${label} contains a circular value.`)
    seen.add(value)
-    const next = (item: Value) => toHost(item, label, depth + 1, seen)
    if (value instanceof ErrorObj) {
      const name = coerceToString(get(value, "name"))
      const message = get(value, "message")
@@ -68,12 +89,19 @@ export const extensionGlobals = <R>(
      seen.delete(value)
      return copied
    }
-    const copied = value.toHost(next)
+    const copied =
+      value instanceof Arr
+        ? value.items.map(next)
+        : Object.fromEntries(
+            entries(value)
+              .filter(([key]) => key !== "__proto__")
+              .map(([key, item]) => [key, next(item)]),
+          )
    seen.delete(value)
    return copied
  }

-  const fromHost = (value: unknown, label: string, depth = 0, seen = new Set<object>()): Value => {
+  const fromHost = (value: unknown, label: string, depth = 0, seen = new Set<object>()): unknown => {
    if (depth > MAX_VALUE_DEPTH) throw typeError(`${label} exceeds the maximum value depth of ${MAX_VALUE_DEPTH}.`)
    if (isPrimitive(value)) return value
    if (typeof value === "function") return wrap(value, label)
@@ -172,7 +200,7 @@ export const extensionGlobals = <R>(
 */
 const uncrossed = new Set(["stack", "constructor", "toString", "__proto__"])
 const left = Symbol("left behind")
-const crossing = <T>(convert: () => T): T | typeof left => {
+const crossing = (convert: () => unknown): unknown => {
  try {
    return convert()
  } catch (reason) {
@@ -191,7 +219,7 @@ const hostErrors = new Map<string, ErrorConstructor>([
 ])

 // The primitives the interpreter operates on; symbols and BigInts are not among them.
-const isPrimitive = (value: unknown): value is string | number | boolean | null | undefined =>
+const isPrimitive = (value: unknown): boolean =>
  value === null ||
  value === undefined ||
  typeof value === "string" ||
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { fn, type Method, methods, receiver } from "./native.js"
 import { AsyncIteratorSymbol, type GeneratorRequestKind, IteratorSymbol } from "./model.js"
-import { define, hidden, GeneratorObj, type Value } from "./objects.js"
+import { define, hidden, GeneratorObj } from "./objects.js"
 import type { Interpreter } from "./interpreter.js"

 /** `next`/`return`/`throw` on the generator prototypes; async generators answer with promises. */
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ export const generatorGlobals = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>): void => {
    const request = (kind: GeneratorRequestKind): Method => [
      kind,
      1,
-      (thisValue: Value, args: Array<Value>) => {
+      (thisValue: unknown, args: Array<unknown>) => {
        const generator = receiver(GeneratorObj, thisValue, `${label}.prototype.${kind}`)
-        const requested = generator.request(kind, args[0]) as Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R>
+        const requested = generator.request(kind, args[0]) as Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R>
        return generator.asynchronous ? ctx.pending.create(requested) : requested
      },
    ]
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import type { Value } from "./objects.js"
 import { arrayGlobal } from "../stdlib/array.js"
 import { textDecoderGlobal, textEncoderGlobal, uint8ArrayGlobal } from "../stdlib/bytes.js"
 import { mapGlobal, setGlobal } from "../stdlib/collections.js"
@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ const symbolGlobal = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>) => {
  return symbol
 }

-type Factory = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>) => Value
+type Factory = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>) => unknown

 // A table rather than a list so the names are known before any runtime exists.
 const table: Record<string, Factory> = {
@@ -70,7 +69,6 @@ const table: Record<string, Factory> = {
  console: (ctx) => consoleGlobal(ctx),
  Promise: (ctx) => promiseGlobal(ctx),
  Symbol: (ctx) => symbolGlobal(ctx),
-  Iterator: (ctx) => iteratorGlobals(ctx),
  Number: (ctx) => numberGlobal(ctx),
  String: (ctx) => stringGlobal(ctx),
  Boolean: (ctx) => booleanGlobal(ctx),
@@ -102,7 +100,8 @@ const table: Record<string, Factory> = {
 export const globalNames: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(Object.keys(table))

 /** The immutable global bindings of every program, in declaration order. */
-export const globals = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>): ReadonlyArray<readonly [string, Value]> => {
+export const globals = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>): ReadonlyArray<readonly [string, unknown]> => {
  generatorGlobals(ctx)
+  iteratorGlobals(ctx)
  return Object.entries(table).map(([name, factory]) => [name, factory(ctx)] as const)
 }
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ import type {
  Statement,
  Super,
  SwitchStatement,
-  Literal,
  TemplateLiteral,
  ThrowStatement,
  TryStatement,
@@ -63,32 +62,33 @@ import {
 } from "./model.js"
 import { checkStringLength } from "./limits.js"
 import { locate, materialize } from "./errors.js"
-import { type Builtins, primitivePrototype } from "./intrinsics.js"
+import type { Builtins } from "./intrinsics.js"
 import { globals } from "./globals.js"
 import {
  assign,
  Callable,
  define,
  get,
-  hostCursor,
-  IteratorObj,
-  type Cursor,
  has,
  hasPrototype,
  keys,
  Native,
  parseArrayIndex,
  Arr,
+  Bytes,
+  DateObj,
  Fn,
  GeneratorObj,
+  IteratorObj,
+  MapObj,
  Obj,
  PromiseObj,
+  SetObj,
+  URLSearchParamsObj,
+  HeadersObj,
  record,
  remove,
  set,
-  coerceToNumber,
-  coerceToString,
-  type Value,
 } from "./objects.js"
 import { preserveConsumerError } from "./callback.js"
 import { Pending, resolvePromise, resolvePromiseValue } from "./promises.js"
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ import { containsOpaqueReference, describeValue, rejectCircularInsertion, typeof
 import { ScopeStack } from "./scope.js"
 import { constructRegExp } from "../stdlib/regexp.js"
 import { enumerableSource } from "../stdlib/object.js"
-import { compoundOperators } from "../stdlib/value.js"
+import { coerceToNumber, coerceToString, compoundOperators } from "../stdlib/value.js"

 // What a loop does with its body's result: exit with a StatementResult, or undefined to keep iterating.
 // Unlabelled break ends this loop; a label the loop does not carry propagates outward.
@@ -110,36 +110,24 @@ const loopExit = (result: StatementResult, labels: ReadonlySet<string> | undefin
  return undefined
 }

-// Native engines name the callee (`search(...).catch is not a function`), including call chains. Returns
-// undefined when a link cannot be named, so a chain is either named completely or not at all.
-const calleeDescription = (node: Expression | Super | undefined): string | undefined => {
-  if (node?.type === "Identifier") return node.name
-  if (node?.type === "CallExpression") {
-    const target = calleeDescription(node.callee)
-    return target === undefined ? undefined : `${target}(...)`
+const calleeDescription = (callee: Expression | Super | undefined): string => {
+  if (callee?.type === "Identifier") return callee.name
+  if (callee?.type === "MemberExpression") {
+    const object = callee.object
+    const property = callee.property
+    const key =
+      !callee.computed && property.type === "Identifier"
+        ? property.name
+        : property.type === "Literal" && typeof property.value === "string"
+          ? property.value
+          : undefined
+    if (object.type === "Identifier" && key !== undefined) return `${object.name}.${key}`
  }
-  if (node?.type !== "MemberExpression") return undefined
-  const property = node.property
-  const key =
-    !node.computed && property.type === "Identifier"
-      ? property.name
-      : property.type === "Literal" && typeof property.value === "string"
-        ? property.value
-        : undefined
-  if (key === undefined) return undefined
-  const object = calleeDescription(node.object)
-  return object === undefined ? undefined : `${object}.${key}`
+  return "The called value"
 }

 // OrdinaryHasInstance: walk the left operand's chain looking for the constructor's `prototype`.
-// acorn types every literal as possibly a BigInt or RegExp; regex literals become RegExp objects before this is asked.
-const literal = (node: Literal): Value => {
-  if (typeof node.value === "bigint") throw typeError("BigInt literals are not supported.", node)
-  if (node.value instanceof RegExp) throw unsupportedSyntax("RegExpLiteral", node)
-  return node.value
-}
-
-const instanceofValue = (lhs: Value, rhs: Value, node: AstNode): boolean => {
+const instanceofValue = (lhs: unknown, rhs: unknown, node: AstNode): boolean => {
  if (!(rhs instanceof Callable)) {
    throw typeError("The right-hand side of 'instanceof' is not callable.", node)
  }
@@ -236,7 +224,7 @@ const loopDeclaration = (left: VariableDeclaration | Pattern, statement: "for...

 type CustomIterator = {
  iterator: Obj
-  next: Value
+  next: unknown
  asynchronous: boolean
 }

@@ -244,13 +232,13 @@ type CustomIterator = {
 type MemberReference = {
  target: Obj
  key: PropertyKey
-  receiver: Value
+  receiver: unknown
 }

 type GeneratorRequest = {
  kind: GeneratorRequestKind
-  value: Value
-  response: Deferred.Deferred<Value, unknown>
+  value: unknown
+  response: Deferred.Deferred<unknown, unknown>
 }

 type GeneratorState = {
@@ -276,7 +264,7 @@ export class Interpreter<R> {
    readonly pending: Pending<R>
    readonly builtins: Builtins
    readonly logs?: Array<string>
-    readonly globals?: (ctx: Interpreter<R>) => ReadonlyArray<readonly [string, Value]>
+    readonly globals?: (ctx: Interpreter<R>) => ReadonlyArray<readonly [string, unknown]>
  }) {
    this.tools = options.tools
    this.pending = options.pending
@@ -290,31 +278,27 @@ export class Interpreter<R> {
    }
  }

-  run(program: Program): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  run(program: Program): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    return this.root.run(program)
  }

-  call(callable: Value, thisValue: Value, args: Array<Value>): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  call(callable: unknown, thisValue: unknown, args: Array<unknown>): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    return this.root.call(callable, thisValue, args)
  }

-  await(promise: PromiseObj): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, never> {
+  await(promise: PromiseObj): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, never> {
    return this.root.await(promise)
  }

-  iterate(value: Value) {
+  iterate(value: unknown) {
    return this.root.iterate(value)
  }

-  iterateDirect(value: Value) {
-    return this.root.iterateDirect(value)
-  }
-
  /** Runs one host tool: arguments cross as JSON and the result comes back as program values. */
  tool(
    run: (args: Array<Json | undefined>) => Effect.Effect<Json | undefined, unknown, R>,
-    args: Array<Value>,
-  ): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+    args: Array<unknown>,
+  ): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    const ctx = this
    return Effect.gen(function* () {
      const json = yield* Effect.forEach(args, (arg) => toBoundary(ctx, arg))
@@ -337,7 +321,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
    private depth = 0,
  ) {}

-  run(program: Program): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  run(program: Program): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    const self = this
    // Keep top-level declarations separate so they can shadow builtins.
    this.scopes.push()
@@ -345,7 +329,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
      self.predeclareLexical(program.body)
      self.hoistFunctions(program.body)
      self.hoistVars(program.body)
-      let value: Value = undefined
+      let value: unknown = undefined
      for (const [index, statement] of program.body.entries()) {
        if (index === program.body.length - 1 && statement.type === "ExpressionStatement") {
          value = yield* self.evaluateExpression(statement.expression)
@@ -370,12 +354,15 @@ class Frame<R> {
  }

  // Fork at the call site so admission and hooks occur when the call is made.
-  private createToolCallPromise(path: ReadonlyArray<string>, args: Array<Value>): Effect.Effect<PromiseObj, never, R> {
+  private createToolCallPromise(
+    path: ReadonlyArray<string>,
+    args: Array<unknown>,
+  ): Effect.Effect<PromiseObj, never, R> {
    return this.ctx.pending.create(this.ctx.tool((json) => this.ctx.tools.execute(path, json), args))
  }

  // Fiber exits make settlement idempotent; yielding prevents inline continuation.
-  await(promise: PromiseObj): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, never> {
+  await(promise: PromiseObj): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, never> {
    const pending = this.ctx.pending
    return Effect.suspend(() => {
      pending.markObserved(promise)
@@ -466,7 +453,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
  }

  // NamedEvaluation: an anonymous function definition takes the name of what it is assigned to.
-  private evaluateNamed(node: Expression, name: string): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  private evaluateNamed(node: Expression, name: string): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    if (node.type === "ArrowFunctionExpression" || (node.type === "FunctionExpression" && !node.id)) {
      return Effect.sync(() => this.createFunction(node, name))
    }
@@ -664,11 +651,11 @@ class Frame<R> {
      if (declared?.lexical) self.predeclarePattern(declared.pattern, declared.mutable, left)
      const right = yield* self.evaluateExpression(node.right)

-      const cursor = self.builtinCursor(right)
+      const cursor = self.hostCursor(right)
      const iterator = cursor === undefined ? yield* self.customIterator(right, node, awaiting) : undefined
      if (iterator === undefined && cursor === undefined) {
        throw invalidData(
-          `${awaiting ? "for await...of" : "for...of"} requires an iterable value, received ${describeValue(right)}.`,
+          `${awaiting ? "for await...of" : "for...of"} requires an array, string, Map, Set, URLSearchParams, or Headers, or custom iterator value.`,
          node,
        )
      }
@@ -684,7 +671,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
      }
      const assignment = left.type === "VariableDeclaration" ? undefined : left

-      const evaluateBody = (value: Value) =>
+      const evaluateBody = (value: unknown) =>
        Effect.gen(function* () {
          if (declared?.lexical) {
            self.scopes.push()
@@ -713,8 +700,10 @@ class Frame<R> {
        const bodyExit = yield* Effect.exit(evaluateBody(step.value))
        if (!Exit.isSuccess(bodyExit)) {
          // Process interruption must remain prompt; user cleanup cannot extend a timeout.
-          if (Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(bodyExit.cause)) return yield* Effect.failCause(bodyExit.cause)
-          return yield* preserveConsumerError(close(), Effect.failCause(bodyExit.cause))
+          if (!Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(bodyExit.cause)) {
+            yield* Effect.exit(close())
+          }
+          return yield* Effect.failCause(bodyExit.cause)
        }
        const exit = loopExit(bodyExit.value, labels)
        if (exit !== undefined) {
@@ -731,7 +720,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
    )
  }

-  private awaitValue(value: Value): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  private awaitValue(value: unknown): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    return Effect.flatMap(resolvePromise(this.ctx, value), (promise) =>
      Effect.ensuring(
        this.await(promise),
@@ -742,10 +731,10 @@ class Frame<R> {

  private awaitAsyncFromSyncValue(
    iterator: CustomIterator,
-    value: Value,
+    value: unknown,
    node: AstNode | undefined,
    closeOnRejection: boolean,
-  ): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  ): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    const self = this
    return Effect.gen(function* () {
      const settled = yield* Effect.exit(self.awaitValue(value))
@@ -757,50 +746,54 @@ class Frame<R> {
    })
  }

-  iterate(value: Value, node?: AstNode): Effect.Effect<Cursor<R> | undefined, unknown, R> {
-    const cursor = this.builtinCursor(value)
+  iterate(value: unknown, node?: AstNode) {
+    const cursor = this.hostCursor(value)
    if (cursor !== undefined) return Effect.succeed(cursor)
+    const self = this
    return Effect.map(this.customIterator(value, node, false), (iterator) =>
-      iterator === undefined ? undefined : this.customCursor(iterator, node),
+      iterator === undefined
+        ? undefined
+        : {
+            next: self.nextIteratorResult(iterator, node, false),
+            close: Effect.suspend(() => self.closeIterator(iterator, node, false)),
+          },
    )
  }

-  /** GetIteratorDirect: drive an iterator by its own `next`, without asking for `[Symbol.iterator]`. */
-  iterateDirect(value: Value, node?: AstNode): Cursor<R> {
-    if (value instanceof IteratorObj) return value.cursor as Cursor<R>
-    if (!(value instanceof Obj)) {
-      throw typeError(`An iterator must be an object, received ${describeValue(value)}.`, node)
-    }
-    return this.customCursor(
-      {
-        iterator: value,
-        next: this.requireIteratorMethod(get(value, "next"), "Iterator next", node),
-        asynchronous: false,
-      },
-      node,
-    )
-  }
-
-  private customCursor(iterator: CustomIterator, node: AstNode | undefined): Cursor<R> {
-    return {
-      next: this.nextIteratorResult(iterator, node, false),
-      close: Effect.suspend(() => this.closeIterator(iterator, node, false)),
-    }
-  }
-
-  private builtinCursor(value: Value): Cursor<R> | undefined {
-    // Natives build their cursors without knowing R, like `lift` in native.ts.
-    if (value instanceof IteratorObj) return value.cursor as Cursor<R>
+  private hostCursor(value: unknown) {
    const iterator =
-      typeof value === "string"
-        ? value[Symbol.iterator]()
-        : value instanceof Obj
-          ? value.iterator(this.ctx.builtins)
-          : undefined
-    return iterator === undefined ? undefined : hostCursor(iterator)
+      value instanceof Arr
+        ? value.items[Symbol.iterator]()
+        : typeof value === "string"
+          ? value[Symbol.iterator]()
+          : value instanceof MapObj
+            ? value.map.entries()
+            : value instanceof SetObj
+              ? value.set.values()
+              : value instanceof URLSearchParamsObj
+                ? value.params.entries()
+                : value instanceof HeadersObj
+                  ? value.headers.entries()
+                  : value instanceof Bytes
+                    ? value.bytes.values()
+                    : value instanceof IteratorObj
+                      ? value.iterator
+                      : undefined
+    if (iterator === undefined) return undefined
+    const proto = this.ctx.builtins.Array
+    return {
+      next: Effect.sync(() => {
+        const step = iterator.next()
+        return {
+          done: Boolean(step.done),
+          value: Array.isArray(step.value) ? new Arr(proto, step.value) : step.value,
+        }
+      }),
+      close: Effect.void,
+    }
  }

-  private customIterator(value: Value, node: AstNode | undefined, allowAsync = true) {
+  private customIterator(value: unknown, node: AstNode | undefined, allowAsync = true) {
    if (!(value instanceof Obj)) return Effect.undefined
    const asyncMethod = allowAsync ? get(value, AsyncIteratorSymbol) : undefined
    const method = asyncMethod ?? get(value, IteratorSymbol)
@@ -890,18 +883,18 @@ class Frame<R> {
    })
  }

-  private requireIteratorObject(value: Value, context: string, node?: AstNode): Obj {
+  private requireIteratorObject(value: unknown, context: string, node?: AstNode): Obj {
    if (value instanceof Obj) return value
    throw typeError(`${context} must be an object.`, node)
  }

-  private requireIteratorMethod(value: Value, context: string, node?: AstNode): Value {
+  private requireIteratorMethod(value: unknown, context: string, node?: AstNode): unknown {
    if (typeofValue(value) === "function") return value
    throw typeError(`${context} must be a function.`, node)
  }

  // for...in over null/undefined iterates nothing, like JS.
-  private enumerableKeys(value: Value, node: AstNode): Array<string> {
+  private enumerableKeys(value: unknown, node: AstNode): Array<string> {
    if (value instanceof ToolReference) return [...this.ctx.tools.keys(value.path)]
    if (value === null || value === undefined) return []
    return keys(enumerableSource(this.ctx, "for...in", value, node))
@@ -1065,7 +1058,7 @@ class Frame<R> {

  private declarePattern(
    pattern: Pattern,
-    value: Value,
+    value: unknown,
    mutable: boolean,
    node: AstNode,
    initialize = false,
@@ -1125,7 +1118,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
    })
  }

-  private assignPattern(pattern: Pattern, value: Value, node: AstNode): Effect.Effect<void, unknown, R> {
+  private assignPattern(pattern: Pattern, value: unknown, node: AstNode): Effect.Effect<void, unknown, R> {
    const self = this
    return Effect.gen(function* () {
      if (pattern.type === "Identifier") {
@@ -1177,7 +1170,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
    })
  }

-  private evaluateDefault(pattern: AssignmentPattern): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  private evaluateDefault(pattern: AssignmentPattern): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    return pattern.left.type === "Identifier"
      ? this.evaluateNamed(pattern.right, pattern.left.name)
      : this.evaluateExpression(pattern.right)
@@ -1185,8 +1178,8 @@ class Frame<R> {

  private destructureArrayPattern(
    pattern: ArrayPattern,
-    value: Value,
-    consume: (target: Pattern, value: Value, context: AstNode) => Effect.Effect<void, unknown, R>,
+    value: unknown,
+    consume: (target: Pattern, value: unknown, context: AstNode) => Effect.Effect<void, unknown, R>,
  ): Effect.Effect<void, unknown, R> {
    const self = this
    return Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -1210,7 +1203,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
        done = step.done
        if (element === null) continue
        if (element.type === "RestElement") {
-          const rest: Array<Value> = []
+          const rest: Array<unknown> = []
          if (!step.done) rest.push(step.value)
          while (!done) {
            const next = yield* cursor.next
@@ -1221,7 +1214,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
          return
        }
        const consumed = consume(element, step.done ? undefined : step.value, pattern)
-        yield* step.done ? consumed : preserveConsumerError(cursor.close, consumed)
+        yield* step.done ? consumed : preserveConsumerError(cursor, consumed)
      }
      if (!done) yield* cursor.close
    })
@@ -1240,12 +1233,13 @@ class Frame<R> {
    throw unsupportedSyntax(keyNode.type, keyNode)
  }

-  private evaluateExpression(node: Expression): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  private evaluateExpression(node: Expression): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    switch (node.type) {
      case "Literal": {
        const regex = node.regex
        if (regex) return Effect.sync(() => constructRegExp(this.ctx.builtins, [regex.pattern, regex.flags]))
-        return Effect.succeed(literal(node))
+        if (typeof node.value === "bigint") throw typeError("BigInt literals are not supported.", node)
+        return Effect.succeed(node.value)
      }
      case "Identifier":
        return Effect.sync(() => this.scopes.get(node.name, node))
@@ -1260,7 +1254,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
      case "SequenceExpression": {
        const self = this
        return Effect.gen(function* () {
-          let result: Value
+          let result: unknown
          for (const expression of node.expressions) {
            result = yield* self.evaluateExpression(expression)
          }
@@ -1301,7 +1295,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
    }
  }

-  private evaluateNewExpression(node: NewExpression): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  private evaluateNewExpression(node: NewExpression): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    const self = this
    return Effect.gen(function* () {
      const callee = yield* self.evaluateExpression(node.callee)
@@ -1311,7 +1305,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
        // `new` itself is supported, so a non-constructible callee is a TypeError like JS rather than
        // unsupported syntax. Built-ins like Number are real constructors in JS, so do not claim
        // otherwise; say `new` is unsupported for them and point at the plain call.
-        const name = calleeDescription(node.callee) ?? "The called value"
+        const name = calleeDescription(node.callee)
        const message =
          callee instanceof Fn
            ? `${name} cannot be constructed: user-defined constructors and classes are not supported. Call it as a function that returns a plain object instead.`
@@ -1325,7 +1319,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
    })
  }

-  private evaluateBinaryExpression(node: BinaryExpression): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  private evaluateBinaryExpression(node: BinaryExpression): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    const operator = node.operator
    const left = node.left
    if (left.type === "PrivateIdentifier") throw unsupportedSyntax(left.type, left)
@@ -1338,7 +1332,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
    })
  }

-  private applyBinaryOperator(operator: string, lhs: Value, rhs: Value, node: AstNode): Value {
+  private applyBinaryOperator(operator: string, lhs: unknown, rhs: unknown, node: AstNode): unknown {
    if (operator === "===") return lhs === rhs
    if (operator === "!==") return lhs !== rhs
    if (operator === "in" && rhs instanceof Obj && !containsOpaqueReference(lhs)) {
@@ -1347,9 +1341,14 @@ class Frame<R> {
    if (containsOpaqueReference(lhs) || containsOpaqueReference(rhs)) {
      throw invalidData("Binary operators require data values.", node)
    }
-    // Addition and loose equality use the default hint; every other operator asks for a number.
-    const hint = operator === "+" || operator === "==" || operator === "!=" ? "default" : "number"
-    const coerceOperand = (operand: Value) => (operand instanceof Obj ? operand.toPrimitive(hint) : operand)
+    // Null-prototype data needs explicit primitive coercion; identity and `in` retain raw objects.
+    // Dates use their default string hint for addition and loose equality, and epoch time elsewhere.
+    const coerceOperand = (operand: unknown): unknown => {
+      if (operand instanceof DateObj) {
+        return operator === "+" || operator === "==" || operator === "!=" ? coerceToString(operand) : operand.time
+      }
+      return operand !== null && typeof operand === "object" ? coerceToString(operand) : operand
+    }
    const bothObjects = lhs !== null && typeof lhs === "object" && rhs !== null && typeof rhs === "object"
    const l = coerceOperand(lhs)
    const r = coerceOperand(rhs)
@@ -1403,7 +1402,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
    }
  }

-  private evaluateLogicalExpression(node: LogicalExpression): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  private evaluateLogicalExpression(node: LogicalExpression): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    const operator = node.operator
    return Effect.flatMap(this.evaluateExpression(node.left), (left) => {
      if (operator === "&&") return left ? this.evaluateExpression(node.right) : Effect.succeed(left)
@@ -1414,7 +1413,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
    })
  }

-  private evaluateUnaryExpression(node: UnaryExpression): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  private evaluateUnaryExpression(node: UnaryExpression): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    const operator = node.operator
    const argument = node.argument
    if (operator === "delete") return this.evaluateDeleteExpression(argument)
@@ -1429,8 +1428,13 @@ class Frame<R> {
      if (containsOpaqueReference(value)) {
        throw invalidData("Unary operators require data values.", node)
      }
-      const operand = value instanceof Obj ? value.toPrimitive("number") : value
-      let result: Value
+      const operand =
+        value instanceof DateObj
+          ? value.time
+          : value !== null && typeof value === "object"
+            ? coerceToString(value)
+            : value
+      let result: unknown
      switch (operator) {
        case "+":
          result = +(operand as number)
@@ -1448,7 +1452,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
    })
  }

-  private evaluateAssignmentExpression(node: AssignmentExpression): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  private evaluateAssignmentExpression(node: AssignmentExpression): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    const left = node.left
    const operator = node.operator
    const self = this
@@ -1488,9 +1492,9 @@ class Frame<R> {
    node: AssignmentExpression,
    left: Pattern,
    operator: string,
-  ): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  ): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    const self = this
-    const shouldAssign = (current: Value): boolean =>
+    const shouldAssign = (current: unknown): boolean =>
      operator === "??=" ? current === null || current === undefined : operator === "||=" ? !current : Boolean(current)
    if (left.type === "Identifier") {
      const name = left.name
@@ -1515,7 +1519,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
    throw typeError("Assignment target must be an Identifier or MemberExpression.", left)
  }

-  private evaluateUpdateExpression(node: UpdateExpression): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  private evaluateUpdateExpression(node: UpdateExpression): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    const operator = node.operator
    const argument = node.argument
    const prefix = node.prefix
@@ -1528,7 +1532,7 @@ class Frame<R> {

    // CodeMode numeric coercion, not host Number(): null-prototype data objects would make
    // the host throw during ToPrimitive, and opaque runtime references must reject clearly.
-    const operand = (current: Value): number => {
+    const operand = (current: unknown): number => {
      if (containsOpaqueReference(current)) {
        throw invalidData(`'${operator}' requires a data value.`, argument)
      }
@@ -1557,7 +1561,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
  }

  // EvaluateCall: a member callee supplies its base object as `this`; anything else calls with undefined.
-  private evaluateCallExpression(node: CallExpression): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  private evaluateCallExpression(node: CallExpression): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    const callee = node.callee

    const self = this
@@ -1575,7 +1579,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
    })
  }

-  private readMethod(node: MemberExpression): Effect.Effect<{ callable: Value; thisValue: Value }, unknown, R> {
+  private readMethod(node: MemberExpression): Effect.Effect<{ callable: unknown; thisValue: unknown }, unknown, R> {
    return Effect.map(this.getMemberReference(node), (reference) => {
      if (reference === OptionalShortCircuit) return { callable: OptionalShortCircuit, thisValue: undefined }
      if (reference instanceof ToolReference) return { callable: reference, thisValue: undefined }
@@ -1586,12 +1590,12 @@ class Frame<R> {

  // The single dispatch for every invocation: call expressions and callbacks share it.
  call(
-    callable: Value,
-    thisValue: Value,
-    args: Array<Value>,
+    callable: unknown,
+    thisValue: unknown,
+    args: Array<unknown>,
    node?: AstNode,
    callee?: Expression,
-  ): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  ): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    const self = this
    return Effect.gen(function* () {
      if (callable instanceof ToolReference) {
@@ -1604,12 +1608,12 @@ class Frame<R> {
      if (callable instanceof Native) {
        return yield* self.native(() => (callable as Native<R>).call(thisValue, args), node)
      }
-      throw typeError(`${calleeDescription(callee) ?? "The called value"} is not a function.`, callee ?? node)
+      throw typeError(`${calleeDescription(callee)} is not a function.`, callee ?? node)
    })
  }

  // Built-ins throw without a location, synchronously or inside their Effect; the call site supplies it.
-  private native(body: () => Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R>, node?: AstNode): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  private native(body: () => Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R>, node?: AstNode): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    return Effect.provideService(
      Effect.catchDefect(Effect.suspend(body), (defect) => Effect.die(locate(defect, node))),
      CallSite,
@@ -1619,10 +1623,10 @@ class Frame<R> {

  private evaluateCallArguments(
    argNodes: ReadonlyArray<Expression | SpreadElement>,
-  ): Effect.Effect<Array<Value>, unknown, R> {
+  ): Effect.Effect<Array<unknown>, unknown, R> {
    const self = this
    return Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const args: Array<Value> = []
+      const args: Array<unknown> = []
      for (const argNode of argNodes) {
        if (argNode.type === "SpreadElement") {
          const spread = yield* self.evaluateExpression(argNode.argument)
@@ -1642,7 +1646,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
  }

  // A callback invoked by a built-in runs below the call that invoked the built-in, so the deeper of the two counts.
-  invokeFunction(fn: Fn, args: Array<Value>, node?: AstNode): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  invokeFunction(fn: Fn, args: Array<unknown>, node?: AstNode): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    const self = this
    return Effect.flatMap(CallSite, (site) => {
      const depth = Math.max(self.depth, site.depth) + 1
@@ -1689,16 +1693,16 @@ class Frame<R> {

  private createGenerator(
    invocation: Frame<R>,
-    run: Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R>,
+    run: Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R>,
    asynchronous: boolean,
  ): GeneratorObj {
    const state: GeneratorState = { started: false, completed: false, draining: false, pending: [], pendingIndex: 0 }
    invocation.generatorState = state
    invocation.generatorAsync = asynchronous
    const builtins = this.ctx.builtins
-    const result = (value: Value, done: boolean) => record(builtins.Object, { value, done })
-    const request = (kind: GeneratorRequestKind, value: Value) => {
-      const request = { kind, value, response: Deferred.makeUnsafe<Value, unknown>() }
+    const result = (value: unknown, done: boolean) => record(builtins.Object, { value, done })
+    const request = (kind: GeneratorRequestKind, value: unknown) => {
+      const request = { kind, value, response: Deferred.makeUnsafe<unknown, unknown>() }
      if (!asynchronous && state.active) return Effect.die(typeError("Generator is already running."))
      if (asynchronous && (state.completed || (!state.started && kind !== "next"))) {
        state.started = true
@@ -1769,7 +1773,7 @@ class Frame<R> {

  private completeGeneratorRequests(state: GeneratorState, asynchronous: boolean): Effect.Effect<void, never, R> {
    const self = this
-    const result = (value: Value, done: boolean) => record(self.ctx.builtins.Object, { value, done })
+    const result = (value: unknown, done: boolean) => record(self.ctx.builtins.Object, { value, done })
    return Effect.gen(function* () {
      while (true) {
        const pending = self.dequeueGeneratorRequest(state)
@@ -1815,7 +1819,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
    return request
  }

-  private evaluateYieldExpression(node: YieldExpression): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  private evaluateYieldExpression(node: YieldExpression): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    const argument = node.argument
    const self = this
    return Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -1830,7 +1834,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
    })
  }

-  private suspendGenerator(value: Value, node: AstNode): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  private suspendGenerator(value: unknown, node: AstNode): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    const state = this.generatorState
    if (!state?.active) throw typeError("Generator has no active request.", node)
    Deferred.doneUnsafe(state.active.response, Exit.succeed(record(this.ctx.builtins.Object, { value, done: false })))
@@ -1845,11 +1849,20 @@ class Frame<R> {
    })
  }

-  private delegateYield(value: Value, node: AstNode): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  private delegateYield(value: unknown, node: AstNode): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    const self = this
    return Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const cursor = self.builtinCursor(value)
-      if (cursor !== undefined) {
+      if (
+        value instanceof Arr ||
+        typeof value === "string" ||
+        value instanceof MapObj ||
+        value instanceof SetObj ||
+        value instanceof URLSearchParamsObj ||
+        value instanceof HeadersObj ||
+        value instanceof Bytes
+      ) {
+        const cursor = yield* self.iterate(value, node)
+        if (!cursor) throw typeError("Built-in iterator is unavailable.", node)
        while (true) {
          const step = yield* cursor.next
          if (step.done) return undefined
@@ -1873,7 +1886,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
      const iterator = yield* self.customIterator(value, node, self.generatorAsync)
      if (!iterator) throw typeError("yield* requires a compatible iterable value.", node)
      let kind: GeneratorRequestKind = "next"
-      let input: Value = undefined
+      let input: unknown = undefined
      while (true) {
        const method = kind === "next" ? iterator.next : get(iterator.iterator, kind)
        if (method === undefined || method === null) {
@@ -1893,7 +1906,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
          node,
        )
        const done = Boolean(get(result, "done"))
-        const resultValue: Value =
+        const resultValue: unknown =
          self.generatorAsync && !iterator.asynchronous
            ? yield* self.awaitAsyncFromSyncValue(iterator, get(result, "value"), node, kind !== "return" && !done)
            : get(result, "value")
@@ -1902,7 +1915,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
          return resultValue
        }

-        const resumed: Exit.Exit<Value, unknown> = yield* Effect.exit(self.suspendGenerator(resultValue, node))
+        const resumed: Exit.Exit<unknown, unknown> = yield* Effect.exit(self.suspendGenerator(resultValue, node))
        if (Exit.isSuccess(resumed)) {
          kind = "next"
          input = resumed.value
@@ -1943,7 +1956,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
        } else if (keyNode.type === "Identifier") {
          key = keyNode.name
        } else if (keyNode.type === "Literal") {
-          key = self.toPropertyKey(literal(keyNode), keyNode)
+          key = self.toPropertyKey(keyNode.value, keyNode)
        } else {
          throw typeError("Unsupported object property key shape.", keyNode)
        }
@@ -1962,7 +1975,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
  }

  private evaluateArrayExpression(node: ArrayExpression): Effect.Effect<Arr, unknown, R> {
-    const values: Array<Value> = []
+    const values: Array<unknown> = []

    const self = this
    return Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -2017,13 +2030,13 @@ class Frame<R> {
    })
  }

-  private evaluateConditionalExpression(node: ConditionalExpression): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  private evaluateConditionalExpression(node: ConditionalExpression): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    return Effect.flatMap(this.evaluateExpression(node.test), (test) =>
      this.evaluateExpression(test ? node.consequent : node.alternate),
    )
  }

-  private applyCompoundAssignment(operator: string, current: Value, incoming: Value, node: AstNode): Value {
+  private applyCompoundAssignment(operator: string, current: unknown, incoming: unknown, node: AstNode): unknown {
    if (!compoundOperators.has(operator)) {
      throw typeError(`Unsupported assignment operator '${operator}'.`, node)
    }
@@ -2032,7 +2045,7 @@ class Frame<R> {

  private getMemberReference(
    node: MemberExpression,
-  ): Effect.Effect<MemberReference | ToolReference | { value: Value } | typeof OptionalShortCircuit, unknown, R> {
+  ): Effect.Effect<MemberReference | ToolReference | { value: unknown } | typeof OptionalShortCircuit, unknown, R> {
    const objectNode = node.object
    const propertyNode = node.property
    if (objectNode.type === "Super") throw unsupportedSyntax(objectNode.type, objectNode)
@@ -2058,14 +2071,16 @@ class Frame<R> {

      if (objectValue instanceof Obj) return { target: objectValue, key, receiver: objectValue }

-      // Strings own length and indexes; every other primitive property reads through the wrapper prototype.
+      // Primitives read through their wrapper prototype without being boxed; strings own length and indexes.
+      const builtins = self.ctx.builtins
      if (typeof objectValue === "string") {
        if (key === "length") return { value: objectValue.length }
        const index = typeof key === "symbol" ? undefined : parseArrayIndex(key)
        if (index !== undefined) return { value: objectValue[index] }
+        return { target: builtins.String, key, receiver: objectValue }
      }
-      const proto = primitivePrototype(self.ctx.builtins, objectValue)
-      if (proto !== undefined) return { target: proto, key, receiver: objectValue }
+      if (typeof objectValue === "number") return { target: builtins.Number, key, receiver: objectValue }
+      if (typeof objectValue === "boolean") return { target: builtins.Boolean, key, receiver: objectValue }

      if (objectValue === null || objectValue === undefined) {
        throw typeError(`Cannot read properties of ${objectValue} (reading '${String(key)}').`, objectNode)
@@ -2074,7 +2089,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
    })
  }

-  private readReference(reference: MemberReference, node: MemberExpression): Value {
+  private readReference(reference: MemberReference, node: MemberExpression): unknown {
    // Reject unknown promise properties so a missing await cannot hide.
    if (reference.target instanceof PromiseObj && !has(reference.target, reference.key)) {
      throw invalidData(
@@ -2086,7 +2101,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
  }

  // Accessors throw without a location; the member or pattern that read them supplies it.
-  private readProperty(target: Obj, key: PropertyKey, node: AstNode, receiver: Value = target): Value {
+  private readProperty(target: Obj, key: PropertyKey, node: AstNode, receiver: unknown = target): unknown {
    try {
      return get(target, key, receiver)
    } catch (error) {
@@ -2094,7 +2109,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
    }
  }

-  private readMember(node: MemberExpression): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  private readMember(node: MemberExpression): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    return Effect.map(this.getMemberReference(node), (reference) => {
      if (reference === OptionalShortCircuit) return OptionalShortCircuit
      if (reference instanceof ToolReference) return reference
@@ -2103,7 +2118,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
    })
  }

-  private writeMember(node: MemberExpression, value: Value): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+  private writeMember(node: MemberExpression, value: unknown): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    return this.modifyMember(node, () => Effect.succeed({ write: true, next: value, result: value }))
  }

@@ -2125,8 +2140,8 @@ class Frame<R> {
  // Resolve side-effecting object and key expressions exactly once.
  private modifyMember(
    node: MemberExpression,
-    compute: (current: Value) => Effect.Effect<{ write: boolean; next: Value; result: Value }, unknown, R>,
-  ): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> {
+    compute: (current: unknown) => Effect.Effect<{ write: boolean; next: unknown; result: unknown }, unknown, R>,
+  ): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> {
    const self = this
    return Effect.gen(function* () {
      const reference = yield* self.getMemberReference(node)
@@ -2146,7 +2161,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
    })
  }

-  private assignToReference(target: Obj, key: PropertyKey, next: Value, node: AstNode): void {
+  private assignToReference(target: Obj, key: PropertyKey, next: unknown, node: AstNode): void {
    const written = (() => {
      try {
        rejectCircularInsertion(
@@ -2164,7 +2179,7 @@ class Frame<R> {
    throw typeError(`Cannot assign to read only property '${String(key)}'.`, node)
  }

-  private toPropertyKey(value: Value, node: AstNode): PropertyKey {
+  private toPropertyKey(value: unknown, node: AstNode): PropertyKey {
    if (typeof value === "string" || typeof value === "number") {
      return value
    }
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { define, hidden, Native, Arr, ErrorObj, Obj, type Value } from "./objects.js"
+import { define, hidden, Native, Arr, ErrorObj, Obj } from "./objects.js"

 export const errorTypes = [
  "Error",
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ const builtins = [
  "TextDecoder",
  "Promise",
  "Iterator",
-  "IteratorHelper",
  "AsyncIterator",
  "Generator",
  "AsyncGenerator",
@@ -53,14 +52,6 @@ export const createErrorValue = (prototype: Obj, message: string | undefined): E
  return value
 }

-/** The prototype a primitive reads its methods from without being boxed; none for null, undefined, and symbols. */
-export const primitivePrototype = (builtins: Builtins, value: Value): Obj | undefined => {
-  if (typeof value === "string") return builtins.String
-  if (typeof value === "number") return builtins.Number
-  if (typeof value === "boolean") return builtins.Boolean
-  return undefined
-}
-
 export const createBuiltins = (): Builtins => {
  const object = new Obj(null)
  // Function.prototype is itself callable and returns undefined.
@@ -96,7 +87,6 @@ export const createBuiltins = (): Builtins => {
    TextDecoder: plain(),
    Promise: plain(),
    Iterator: iterator,
-    IteratorHelper: new Obj(iterator),
    AsyncIterator: asyncIterator,
    Generator: new Obj(iterator),
    AsyncGenerator: new Obj(asyncIterator),
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import type { Node } from "acorn"
 import { Context } from "effect"
 import type { ErrorType } from "./intrinsics.js"
 import type { DiagnosticKind } from "../codemode.js"
-import type { ErrorObj, Value } from "./objects.js"
+import type { ErrorObj } from "./objects.js"

 /** Any parsed node; the interpreter narrows on `type` and reads `loc` for diagnostics. */
 export type AstNode = Node
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ export const CallSite = Context.Reference<{ readonly node?: AstNode; readonly de

 export type Binding = {
  mutable: boolean
-  value: Value
+  value: unknown
  initialized?: boolean
 }

 export type StatementResult =
  | { kind: "none" }
-  | { kind: "return"; value: Value }
+  | { kind: "return"; value: unknown }
  | { kind: "break"; label?: string }
  | { kind: "continue"; label?: string }

@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ export const IteratorSymbol: unique symbol = Symbol("codemode.iterator")
 export const IteratorSymbols = [AsyncIteratorSymbol, IteratorSymbol] as const

 export class Throw {
-  constructor(readonly value: Value) {}
+  constructor(readonly value: unknown) {}
 }

 export class GeneratorReturn {
-  constructor(readonly value: Value) {}
+  constructor(readonly value: unknown) {}
 }

 export const OptionalShortCircuit: unique symbol = Symbol("codemode.optional-short-circuit")
@@ -83,10 +83,12 @@ export const unsupportedSyntax = (kind: string, node: AstNode): PendingThrow =>
    [supportedSyntaxMessage],
  )

-// Acorn lines are 1-based and its columns are 0-based. Diagnostics use 1-based columns of the submitted source.
+export const isRecord = (value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> =>
+  typeof value === "object" && value !== null
+
 export const sourceLocation = (node: AstNode): { readonly line: number; readonly column: number } => ({
-  line: node.loc?.start.line ?? 1,
-  column: (node.loc?.start.column ?? 0) + 1,
+  line: Math.max(1, (node.loc?.start.line ?? 2) - 1),
+  column: Math.max(1, (node.loc?.start.column ?? 4) - 3),
 })

 export const formatLocation = (node?: AstNode): string => {
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import type { Builtins } from "./intrinsics.js"
 import { typeError } from "./model.js"
-import { type Callable, define, frozen, hidden, Native, type NativeOptions, Obj, type Value } from "./objects.js"
+import { type Callable, define, frozen, hidden, Native, type NativeOptions, Obj } from "./objects.js"
 import { describeValue } from "./references.js"

-/** A native function body: a value, a thrown `PendingThrow`, or an Effect of a value. */
-export type Impl = (thisValue: Value, args: Array<Value>) => Value | Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, unknown>
+/** A native function body: a plain value, a thrown `PendingThrow`, or an Effect. */
+export type Impl = (thisValue: unknown, args: Array<unknown>) => unknown

 // The dispatch in `Frame.call` suspends every native call, so a synchronous throw here is a defect.
 const lift =
  <R>(impl: Impl) =>
-  (thisValue: Value, args: Array<Value>): Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R> => {
+  (thisValue: unknown, args: Array<unknown>): Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R> => {
    const result = impl(thisValue, args)
-    return Effect.isEffect(result) ? (result as Effect.Effect<Value, unknown, R>) : Effect.succeed(result)
+    return Effect.isEffect(result) ? (result as Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown, R>) : Effect.succeed(result)
  }

 export const native = <R>(builtins: Builtins, options: NativeOptions<R>): Native<R> =>
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export const methods = (builtins: Builtins, target: Obj, table: ReadonlyArray<Me
  for (const [name, length, impl] of table) define(target, name, fn(builtins, name, length, impl), hidden)
 }

-export const constants = (target: Obj, table: Record<string, Value>): void => {
+export const constants = (target: Obj, table: Record<string, unknown>): void => {
  for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(table)) define(target, name, value, frozen)
 }

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export const prototypeFrom = (newTarget: Callable, fallback: Obj): Obj => {
 /** Narrows a method receiver to the built-in it belongs to, or throws the TypeError JS would. */
 export const receiver = <T extends Obj>(
  cls: abstract new (...args: never) => T,
-  thisValue: Value,
+  thisValue: unknown,
  method: string,
 ): T => {
  if (thisValue instanceof cls) return thisValue
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
LukeParkerDev	6a57105b2c	refactor(app): keep the SSH contract schemas out of the renderer The Effect schemas move to servers/ssh/schema.ts, imported by the desktop main process for its RPC server; the renderer gets types only. The SSH attempt controller tracks its one in-flight request per server with a cancellation flag instead of Effect fibers, with the same settle-on-cancel behaviour.	2026-09-20 16:37:02 +10:00
LukeParkerDev	7930c5f676	refactor(app): port the model selection and terminal stores to plain codecs	2026-09-20 16:37:02 +10:00
LukeParkerDev	a440d0bced	refactor(app): port language, drafts, pairing, review panel, open-in-app and upsell stores to plain codecs Also replaces the Effect Iterable pipeline in the provider catalog with array methods.	2026-09-20 16:37:01 +10:00
LukeParkerDev	169ababd60	refactor(app): port command, notification, highlights, home, file-view and workspace-tip stores to plain codecs Session import keeps validating against the shared Effect schema through a dynamic import, so the shared schema and Effect load only when a file is imported. Persisted notification errors are checked structurally instead of through the shared schema. composer/schema.ts carries Effect twins of the file selection shapes until it is ported.	2026-09-20 16:37:00 +10:00
LukeParkerDev	10638d1d9f	refactor(app): port the settings store to plain codecs Migration shapes use preserving structs so undeclared stored fields survive, as Effect's onExcessProperty preserve did at every level; explicit-but-invalid legacy values still decode to null rather than absent; persisted() encodes through encodeOrThrow so an invalid in-memory value fails instead of being written.	2026-09-20 16:37:00 +10:00
LukeParkerDev	faa72aea3a	refactor(app): port the server, model, vcs and project stores to plain codecs Migrations keep their behaviour: URL strings and bare HTTP blocks become server objects, canonical-local project buckets move under local, invalid map entries are dropped individually. Migrated definitions now preserve stored fields the migration does not mention, as Effect's onExcessProperty preserve did. The Effect ServerKey is gone; the codec one in runtime/server/key.ts carries the same brand.	2026-09-20 16:36:59 +10:00
LukeParkerDev	211ce5e9f8	refactor(app): port the layout store to plain codecs Same shapes, defaults and migration as before (workspaces flag to map, review panel flag inherited from the file tree, legacy file-tree width), expressed with the codec module instead of Effect Schema.	2026-09-20 16:36:59 +10:00
LukeParkerDev	3858b11bf9	refactor(app): plain codecs for persisted state, starting with tabs Adds an Effect-free codec module for persisted stores with the same recovery semantics as the Persistence helpers, lets persisted() accept either a Schema or a codec while stores migrate, and ports the tab storage schemas as the first store. ServerKey keeps its brand type on both sides so ServerConnection.Key stays one type. Effect leaves the renderer's initial module graph once the remaining stores are ported.	2026-09-20 16:36:58 +10:00