Merge branch 'v2' into session-hooks-2

This reverts commit 79f21ba702.

packages/ai/README.md

@@ -29,6 +29,78 @@ await Effect.runPromise(program.pipe(Effect.provide(llmLayer)))
 
 Run `LLMClient.stream(request)` instead of `generate` when you want incremental `LLMEvent`s. The event stream is provider-neutral — same shape across OpenAI Chat, OpenAI Responses, Anthropic Messages, Gemini, Bedrock Converse, and any OpenAI-compatible deployment.
 
+## Alibaba Cloud Model Studio
+
+`Alibaba` provides standard Model Studio inference. Configure a region explicitly, then select
+Chat Completions (`.model` or `.chat`), Anthropic-compatible Messages (`.messages`), or OpenAI-compatible
+Responses (`.responses`). These routes use HTTP/SSE.
+
+```ts
+import { LLM } from "@opencode/ai"
+import { Alibaba } from "@opencode/ai/providers"
+
+const alibaba = Alibaba.configure({
+  region: "ap-southeast-1", // Singapore
+  apiKey: process.env.DASHSCOPE_API_KEY,
+  // workspaceID: "llm-your-workspace", // use a workspace-dedicated endpoint
+})
+
+const request = LLM.request({
+  model: alibaba.model("qwen3.8-max"),
+  prompt: "Explain this design.",
+  providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "medium" },
+})
+```
+
+### Regions and credentials
+
+| Region              | `region`         | Shared host when `workspaceID` is omitted |
+| ------------------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
+| Singapore           | `ap-southeast-1` | `dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com`             |
+| China (Beijing)     | `cn-beijing`     | `dashscope.aliyuncs.com`                  |
+| China (Hong Kong)   | `cn-hongkong`    | `cn-hongkong.dashscope.aliyuncs.com`      |
+| US (Virginia)       | `us-east-1`      | `dashscope-us.aliyuncs.com`               |
+| Germany (Frankfurt) | `eu-central-1`   | Supply `workspaceID` or `baseURL`         |
+| Japan (Tokyo)       | `ap-northeast-1` | Supply `workspaceID` or `baseURL`         |
+
+With `workspaceID`, the host is `{workspaceID}.{region}.maas.aliyuncs.com`. A complete `baseURL`
+overrides regional setup, including the API prefix: `/compatible-mode/v1` for Chat/Responses,
+or `/apps/anthropic/v1` for Messages. The selector appends its operation path.
+
+Keys and model availability are region-specific. Auth resolves from explicit `auth` or `apiKey`,
+then `DASHSCOPE_API_KEY`, then `ALIBABA_API_KEY`.
+
+The access region and inference scope differ: Virginia's `-us` model IDs request US-only inference;
+some regions select scope through their workspace. Model IDs pass through unchanged.
+Alibaba's [regional guide](https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/en/model-studio/regions) and
+[base URL table](https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/en/model-studio/base-url) disagree about Virginia's
+shared host; the entry above follows the base URL table. Dedicated hosts can be copied from the console.
+
+### Native options
+
+- **Chat:** `reasoningEffort` → `reasoning_effort`, `enableThinking` → `enable_thinking`,
+  `thinkingBudget` → `thinking_budget`, and `preserveThinking` → `preserve_thinking`.
+  Replay complete `response.message` values to retain `reasoning_content` separately from answer text.
+  Qwen 3.8 defaults to preserving thinking; older models have different defaults.
+  Additional options include `toolStream`, `parallelToolCalls`, `repetitionPenalty`, `responseFormat`,
+  `enableSearch`, and native `searchOptions`. `generation.topK` lowers to `top_k`.
+  `clearThinking` is a hosted GLM control, and `thinking.type` is available for hosted MiniMax models.
+- **Messages:** `effort` → `output_config.effort`. `thinking.type` accepts enabled/disabled with an
+  optional `budgetTokens` (or native `budget_tokens`). `outputConfig.format` accepts a JSON schema.
+  Model Studio's empty thinking signatures are accepted; supplied signatures are replayed unchanged.
+- **Responses:** `reasoningEffort` → `reasoning.effort`, plus `enableThinking`, `store`,
+  `previousResponseId`, and `conversation`. Omitted `store` retains the API's default (`true`);
+  set it to `false` for client-managed history. `previousResponseId` requires a stored response.
+  Hosted tools are `Alibaba.webSearch()`, `Alibaba.webExtractor()`, and `Alibaba.codeInterpreter()`.
+  Web extraction is used together with web search. Hosted calls/results carry `providerExecuted: true`.
+
+Omitted options preserve provider defaults. Effort values pass through unchanged and accept future
+strings. Qwen 3.8 Chat rejects requests combining a thinking budget with effort.
+
+Package entrypoints are `@opencode/ai/providers/alibaba`, `alibaba/chat`, `alibaba/messages`,
+and `alibaba/responses`. Live recordings cover all three APIs in Singapore; regional URL construction
+is unit-tested for all six regions.
+
 ## Z.AI
 
 `ZAI` uses the standard API. Chat Completions is the default language-model API;

packages/ai/src/protocols/alibaba-chat.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
+import { Protocol } from "../route/protocol.js"
+import type { LanguageModelCompatibility } from "../schema/index.js"
+import { OpenAIChat } from "./openai-chat.js"
+import { JsonObject, ProviderShared } from "./shared.js"
+import { OpenResponsesOptions } from "./utils/open-responses-options.js"
+
+export type ReasoningEffort = OpenResponsesOptions.ReasoningEffort
+
+const Options = Schema.Struct({
+  reasoningEffort: OpenResponsesOptions.Options.fields.reasoningEffort,
+  enableThinking: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  thinkingBudget: Schema.optional(Schema.Int),
+  preserveThinking: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  clearThinking: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  thinking: Schema.optional(
+    Schema.Struct({
+      type: Schema.declare<"adaptive" | "disabled" | (string & {})>(Schema.is(Schema.String)),
+    }),
+  ),
+  toolStream: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  parallelToolCalls: OpenResponsesOptions.Options.fields.parallelToolCalls,
+  repetitionPenalty: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
+  responseFormat: Schema.optional(
+    Schema.Struct({
+      type: Schema.declare<"text" | "json_object" | "json_schema" | (string & {})>(Schema.is(Schema.String)),
+      json_schema: Schema.optional(JsonObject),
+    }),
+  ),
+  enableSearch: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  searchOptions: Schema.optional(
+    Schema.Struct({
+      forced_search: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+      search_strategy: Schema.optional(
+        Schema.declare<"turbo" | "max" | "agent" | "agent_max" | (string & {})>(Schema.is(Schema.String)),
+      ),
+      enable_search_extension: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+    }),
+  ),
+})
+export type OptionsInput = typeof Options.Type
+
+export const compatibility = {
+  maxTokensField: "max_completion_tokens",
+  supportsStore: false,
+  supportsStrictMode: false,
+  reasoningField: "reasoning_content",
+  zaiToolStream: false,
+} satisfies LanguageModelCompatibility
+
+export const protocol = Protocol.make({
+  id: "alibaba-chat",
+  body: {
+    schema: Schema.Struct({
+      ...OpenAIChat.bodyFields,
+      enable_thinking: Options.fields.enableThinking,
+      thinking_budget: Options.fields.thinkingBudget,
+      preserve_thinking: Options.fields.preserveThinking,
+      clear_thinking: Options.fields.clearThinking,
+      thinking: Options.fields.thinking,
+      parallel_tool_calls: Options.fields.parallelToolCalls,
+      repetition_penalty: Options.fields.repetitionPenalty,
+      top_k: Schema.optional(Schema.Int),
+      response_format: Options.fields.responseFormat,
+      enable_search: Options.fields.enableSearch,
+      search_options: Options.fields.searchOptions,
+    }),
+    from: Effect.fn("AlibabaChat.fromRequest")(function* (req) {
+      const opts = yield* ProviderShared.validateWith(Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(Options))(req.providerOptions ?? {})
+      return {
+        ...(yield* OpenAIChat.protocol.body.from(req)),
+        enable_thinking: opts.enableThinking,
+        thinking_budget: opts.thinkingBudget,
+        preserve_thinking: opts.preserveThinking,
+        clear_thinking: opts.clearThinking,
+        thinking: opts.thinking,
+        tool_stream: opts.toolStream,
+        parallel_tool_calls:
+          opts.parallelToolCalls ??
+          (req.toolChoice?.disableParallelToolUse === undefined ? undefined : !req.toolChoice.disableParallelToolUse),
+        repetition_penalty: opts.repetitionPenalty,
+        top_k: req.generation?.topK,
+        response_format: opts.responseFormat,
+        enable_search: opts.enableSearch,
+        search_options: opts.searchOptions,
+      }
+    }),
+  },
+  stream: OpenAIChat.protocol.stream,
+})
+
+export * as AlibabaChat from "./alibaba-chat.js"

packages/ai/src/protocols/alibaba-messages.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
+import { Protocol } from "../route/protocol.js"
+import { LLMRequest } from "../schema/index.js"
+import { AnthropicMessages } from "./anthropic-messages.js"
+import { ProviderShared } from "./shared.js"
+import { OpenResponsesOptions } from "./utils/open-responses-options.js"
+
+const Options = Schema.Struct({
+  effort: Schema.optional(OpenResponsesOptions.ReasoningEffort),
+  thinking: Schema.optional(
+    Schema.Struct({
+      type: Schema.declare<"enabled" | "disabled" | (string & {})>(Schema.is(Schema.String)),
+      budgetTokens: Schema.optional(Schema.Int),
+      budget_tokens: Schema.optional(Schema.Int),
+    }),
+  ),
+})
+export type OptionsInput = typeof Options.Type & Pick<AnthropicMessages.OptionsInput, "outputConfig">
+export const protocol = Protocol.make({
+  id: "alibaba-messages",
+  body: {
+    schema: Schema.Struct({
+      ...AnthropicMessages.AnthropicMessagesBody.fields,
+      thinking: Schema.optional(Schema.Struct({ type: Schema.String, budget_tokens: Schema.optional(Schema.Int) })),
+    }),
+    from: Effect.fn("AlibabaMessages.fromRequest")(function* (req) {
+      const opts = yield* ProviderShared.validateWith(Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(Options))(req.providerOptions ?? {})
+      // Model Studio accepts enabled thinking without Anthropic's mandatory token budget.
+      return {
+        ...(yield* AnthropicMessages.protocol.body.from(
+          LLMRequest.update(req, {
+            providerOptions: { ...req.providerOptions, thinking: undefined },
+          }),
+        )),
+        thinking:
+          opts.thinking === undefined
+            ? undefined
+            : {
+                type: opts.thinking.type,
+                budget_tokens: opts.thinking.budgetTokens ?? opts.thinking.budget_tokens,
+              },
+      }
+    }),
+  },
+  stream: AnthropicMessages.protocol.stream,
+})
+
+export * as AlibabaMessages from "./alibaba-messages.js"

packages/ai/src/protocols/alibaba-responses.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
+import { Protocol } from "../route/protocol.js"
+import { OpenResponses } from "./open-responses.js"
+import { JsonObject, optionalArray, ProviderShared } from "./shared.js"
+import { OpenResponsesOptions } from "./utils/open-responses-options.js"
+import { ResponsesHostedTools } from "./utils/responses-hosted-tools.js"
+
+const Options = Schema.Struct({
+  reasoningEffort: OpenResponsesOptions.Options.fields.reasoningEffort,
+  enableThinking: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  store: OpenResponsesOptions.Options.fields.store,
+  previousResponseId: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  conversation: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+})
+export type OptionsInput = typeof Options.Type
+const NativeTool = Schema.Struct({ type: Schema.Literals(["web_search", "web_extractor", "code_interpreter"]) })
+const WebExtractorItem = Schema.StructWithRest(
+  Schema.Struct({
+    type: Schema.Literal("web_extractor_call"),
+    id: Schema.String,
+    urls: Schema.optional(Schema.Array(Schema.String)),
+    goal: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  }),
+  [JsonObject],
+)
+const Body = Schema.Struct({
+  ...OpenResponses.coreFields,
+  input: Schema.Array(Schema.Union([OpenResponses.InputItem, WebExtractorItem])),
+  tools: optionalArray(Schema.Union([OpenResponses.Tool, NativeTool])),
+  enable_thinking: Options.fields.enableThinking,
+  previous_response_id: Options.fields.previousResponseId,
+  conversation: Options.fields.conversation,
+  stream: Schema.Literal(true),
+})
+const adapter = {
+  id: "alibaba-responses",
+  name: "Alibaba Responses",
+  nativeTool: (native) => ProviderShared.validateWith(Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(NativeTool))(native.alibaba),
+  restoreHostedToolItem: (item: unknown) => (Schema.is(WebExtractorItem)(item) ? item : undefined),
+} satisfies OpenResponses.ProviderAdapter
+
+const tools = {
+  web_search_call: { name: "web_search", input: (item) => item.action ?? {} },
+  code_interpreter_call: { name: "code_interpreter", input: (item) => ({ code: item.code }) },
+} satisfies ResponsesHostedTools.Definitions
+
+export const protocol = Protocol.make({
+  id: adapter.id,
+  body: {
+    schema: Body,
+    from: Effect.fn("AlibabaResponses.fromRequest")(function* (req) {
+      const opts = yield* ProviderShared.validateWith(Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(Options))(req.providerOptions ?? {})
+      const body = yield* OpenResponses.fromRequestWithAdapter(req, adapter)
+      const choice = body.tool_choice
+      return yield* ProviderShared.validateWith(Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(Body))({
+        ...body,
+        enable_thinking: opts.enableThinking,
+        previous_response_id: opts.previousResponseId,
+        conversation: opts.conversation,
+        // Model Studio expresses named selection through allowed_tools.
+        tool_choice:
+          typeof choice === "object" && choice.type === "function"
+            ? { type: "allowed_tools" as const, mode: "required" as const, tools: [choice] }
+            : choice,
+      })
+    }),
+  },
+  stream: {
+    event: OpenResponses.protocol.stream.event,
+    initial: (req) => OpenResponses.initial(req, adapter),
+    step: (state, input) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const event = OpenResponses.normalize(state, input)
+        if (event.type !== "response.output_item.done" || !event.item) return yield* OpenResponses.step(state, event)
+        if (event.item.type === "web_extractor_call") {
+          const item = yield* Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(WebExtractorItem)(event.item).pipe(
+            Effect.mapError((cause) =>
+              ProviderShared.eventError(
+                adapter.id,
+                "Alibaba returned an invalid web extraction item",
+                ProviderShared.encodeJson(event),
+                cause,
+              ),
+            ),
+          )
+          return yield* ResponsesHostedTools.onDone(state, item, {
+            web_extractor_call: { name: "web_extractor", input: () => ({ urls: item.urls, goal: item.goal }) },
+          })
+        }
+        if (ResponsesHostedTools.isItem(event.item, tools))
+          return yield* ResponsesHostedTools.onDone(state, event.item, tools)
+        return yield* OpenResponses.step(state, event)
+      }),
+    terminal: OpenResponses.terminal,
+  },
+})
+
+export * as AlibabaResponses from "./alibaba-responses.js"

packages/ai/src/protocols/open-responses-continuation.ts

@@ -153,6 +153,15 @@ export const driver = (input: DriverInput): WebSocketChannelDriver => {
           const rejection = code(event)
           if (rejection === "previous_response_not_found") return rejected(observation, "retry-full")
           if (rejection === "websocket_connection_limit_reached") return rejected(observation, "rotate-and-retry-full")
+          // Only the continuation distinguishes an incremental send from a full one, so an unclassified
+          // invalid request there is retried full; Codex reports a stale previous_response_id that way, with
+          // no code. Classified failures such as context overflow keep their runner-owned recovery.
+          if (
+            create.mode === "incremental" &&
+            observation.error.reason._tag === "InvalidRequest" &&
+            observation.error.reason.classification === undefined
+          )
+            return rejected(observation, "retry-full")
         }
         if (observation.type !== "completed") return observation
         // A trigger installs a different context window. Clear the append baseline, retaining the socket.

packages/ai/src/protocols/open-responses.ts

@@ -408,6 +408,9 @@ export type NormalizedEvent = Event & { readonly item?: OutputItem | null }
 export interface ProviderAdapter {
   readonly id: string
   readonly name: string
+  readonly nativeTool?: (
+    native: NonNullable<ToolDefinition["native"]>,
+  ) => Effect.Effect<{ readonly type: string }, AIError>
   readonly lowerMedia?: (input: {
     readonly part: MediaPart
     readonly media: ProviderShared.NormalizedMedia
@@ -819,11 +822,13 @@ export const fromRequestWithAdapter = Effect.fn("OpenResponses.fromRequestWithAd
       projected.tools.length === 0
         ? undefined
         : yield* Effect.forEach(projected.tools, (tool) =>
-            lowerTool(
-              adapter.name,
-              tool,
-              ToolSchemaProjection.modelCompatibility(tool.inputSchema, toolSchemaCompatibility),
-            ),
+            tool.native !== undefined && adapter.nativeTool
+              ? adapter.nativeTool(tool.native)
+              : lowerTool(
+                  adapter.name,
+                  tool,
+                  ToolSchemaProjection.modelCompatibility(tool.inputSchema, toolSchemaCompatibility),
+                ),
           ),
     tool_choice:
       allowedToolChoice(request) ??

packages/ai/src/providers/alibaba.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+import type { ProviderPackage } from "../provider-package.js"
+import { AlibabaChat } from "../protocols/alibaba-chat.js"
+import { AlibabaMessages } from "../protocols/alibaba-messages.js"
+import { AlibabaResponses } from "../protocols/alibaba-responses.js"
+import { AuthOptions, type AtLeastOne, type ProviderAuthOption } from "../route/auth-options.js"
+import { Route, type RouteDefaultsInput } from "../route/client.js"
+import { Endpoint } from "../route/endpoint.js"
+import { Framing } from "../route/framing.js"
+import { ProviderID, ToolDefinition, type ModelID } from "../schema/index.js"
+
+export const id = ProviderID.make("alibaba")
+
+export type Region =
+  | "ap-southeast-1"
+  | "cn-beijing"
+  | "cn-hongkong"
+  | "us-east-1"
+  | "eu-central-1"
+  | "ap-northeast-1"
+  | (string & {})
+export type ChatOptionsInput = AlibabaChat.OptionsInput
+export type MessagesOptionsInput = AlibabaMessages.OptionsInput
+export type ResponsesOptionsInput = AlibabaResponses.OptionsInput
+
+type Location = AtLeastOne<{
+  readonly region: Region
+  /** Overrides the selected API's complete base URL, including its version prefix. */
+  readonly baseURL: string
+}> & { readonly workspaceID?: string }
+
+export type Config = Location &
+  Omit<RouteDefaultsInput, "providerOptions"> &
+  ProviderAuthOption<"optional"> & {
+    readonly providerOptions?: ChatOptionsInput | MessagesOptionsInput | ResponsesOptionsInput
+  }
+export type Settings<Options = ChatOptionsInput> = Location &
+  ProviderPackage.Settings & {
+    readonly apiKey?: string
+    readonly providerOptions?: Options
+  }
+
+const hosts = new Map<string, string>([
+  ["ap-southeast-1", "dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com"],
+  ["cn-beijing", "dashscope.aliyuncs.com"],
+  ["cn-hongkong", "cn-hongkong.dashscope.aliyuncs.com"],
+  ["us-east-1", "dashscope-us.aliyuncs.com"],
+])
+const chatRoute = Route.make({
+  id: "alibaba-chat",
+  provider: id,
+  providerMetadataKey: "alibaba",
+  protocol: AlibabaChat.protocol,
+  endpoint: Endpoint.path("/chat/completions"),
+  framing: Framing.sse,
+})
+const messagesRoute = Route.make({
+  id: "alibaba-messages",
+  provider: id,
+  providerMetadataKey: "alibaba",
+  protocol: AlibabaMessages.protocol,
+  endpoint: Endpoint.path("/messages"),
+  framing: Framing.sse,
+  headers: () => ({ "anthropic-version": "2023-06-01" }),
+})
+const responsesRoute = Route.make({
+  id: "alibaba-responses",
+  provider: id,
+  providerMetadataKey: "alibaba",
+  protocol: AlibabaResponses.protocol,
+  endpoint: Endpoint.path("/responses"),
+  framing: Framing.sse,
+})
+
+export const routes = [chatRoute, messagesRoute, responsesRoute]
+
+export const configure = (input: Config) => {
+  const { apiKey: _key, auth: _auth, region, workspaceID, baseURL, ...rest } = input
+  const host =
+    region === undefined
+      ? undefined
+      : workspaceID === undefined
+        ? hosts.get(region)
+        : `${workspaceID}.${region}.maas.aliyuncs.com`
+  if (baseURL === undefined) {
+    if (region === undefined) throw new Error("Alibaba requires region or baseURL")
+    if (host === undefined) throw new Error(`Alibaba region ${region} requires workspaceID or baseURL`)
+  }
+  const opts = { ...rest, auth: AuthOptions.bearer(input, ["DASHSCOPE_API_KEY", "ALIBABA_API_KEY"]) }
+  const common = { ...opts, endpoint: { baseURL: baseURL ?? `https://${host}/compatible-mode/v1` } }
+  const chat = (id: string | ModelID) =>
+    chatRoute.with(common).model<ChatOptionsInput>({ id, compatibility: AlibabaChat.compatibility })
+  const messages = (id: string | ModelID) =>
+    messagesRoute
+      .with({
+        ...opts,
+        endpoint: { baseURL: baseURL ?? `https://${host}/apps/anthropic/v1` },
+      })
+      .model<MessagesOptionsInput>({ id, compatibility: { requireSignature: false } })
+  const responses = (id: string | ModelID) => responsesRoute.with(common).model<ResponsesOptionsInput>({ id })
+  return { id, model: chat, chat, messages, responses, configure }
+}
+
+export const provider = { id, configure }
+
+export const model: ProviderPackage.Definition<Settings, ChatOptionsInput>["model"] = (id, input) =>
+  fromSettings(input).chat(id)
+export const messagesModel: ProviderPackage.Definition<
+  Settings<MessagesOptionsInput>,
+  MessagesOptionsInput
+>["model"] = (id, input) => fromSettings(input).messages(id)
+export const responsesModel: ProviderPackage.Definition<
+  Settings<ResponsesOptionsInput>,
+  ResponsesOptionsInput
+>["model"] = (id, input) => fromSettings(input).responses(id)
+
+function fromSettings(input: Settings<Config["providerOptions"]>) {
+  const { body, ...rest } = input
+  return configure({ ...rest, http: body === undefined ? undefined : { body } })
+}
+
+export const webSearch = () => hostedTool("web_search", "Search the web with Alibaba's hosted search tool.")
+export const webExtractor = () => hostedTool("web_extractor", "Extract web page content with Alibaba's hosted tool.")
+export const codeInterpreter = () => hostedTool("code_interpreter", "Execute code with Alibaba's hosted interpreter.")
+
+function hostedTool(type: "web_search" | "web_extractor" | "code_interpreter", description: string) {
+  return ToolDefinition.make({
+    name: type,
+    description,
+    inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: {} },
+    native: { alibaba: { type } },
+  })
+}
+
+export * as Alibaba from "./alibaba.js"

packages/ai/src/providers/alibaba/chat.ts

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export { model, type Settings } from "../alibaba.js"

packages/ai/src/providers/alibaba/messages.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import type { Alibaba } from "../alibaba.js"
+export { messagesModel as model } from "../alibaba.js"
+export type Settings = Alibaba.Settings<Alibaba.MessagesOptionsInput>

packages/ai/src/providers/alibaba/responses.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import type { Alibaba } from "../alibaba.js"
+export { responsesModel as model } from "../alibaba.js"
+export type Settings = Alibaba.Settings<Alibaba.ResponsesOptionsInput>

packages/ai/src/providers/index.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+export * as Alibaba from "./alibaba.js"
 export * as Anthropic from "./anthropic.js"
 export * as AnthropicCompatible from "./anthropic-compatible.js"
 export * as AmazonBedrock from "./amazon-bedrock.js"

packages/ai/src/route/transport/websocket.ts

@@ -115,8 +115,11 @@ const waitOpen = (ws: globalThis.WebSocket, input: WebSocketRequest) => {
     }
     const onAbort = () => {
       cleanup()
-      if (ws.readyState !== globalThis.WebSocket.CLOSED && ws.readyState !== globalThis.WebSocket.CLOSING)
-        ws.close(1000)
+      if (ws.readyState === globalThis.WebSocket.CLOSED || ws.readyState === globalThis.WebSocket.CLOSING) return
+      // Node's ws reports an aborted handshake as an error event on the next tick; with no listener left
+      // after cleanup, EventEmitter would throw it as an uncaught exception.
+      ws.addEventListener("error", () => {}, { once: true })
+      ws.close(1000)
     }
     const onOpen = () => {
       cleanup()

packages/ai/test/fixtures/recordings/alibaba-chat/qwen-3-7-plus-streams-thinking-disabled.json

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "metadata": {
+    "tags": [
+      "prefix:alibaba-chat",
+      "provider:alibaba",
+      "protocol:alibaba-chat",
+      "region:ap-southeast-1",
+      "thinking",
+      "usage"
+    ],
+    "name": "alibaba-chat/qwen-3-7-plus-streams-thinking-disabled",
+    "recordedAt": "2026-09-08T03:10:42.782Z"
+  },
+  "interactions": [
+    {
+      "transport": "http",
+      "request": {
+        "method": "POST",
+        "url": "https://dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1/chat/completions",
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "application/json"
+        },
+        "body": "{\"model\":\"qwen3.7-plus\",\"messages\":[{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":\"What is 173 multiplied by 219? Reply with only the final integer.\"}],\"stream\":true,\"stream_options\":{\"include_usage\":true},\"max_completion_tokens\":4096,\"enable_thinking\":false}"
+      },
+      "response": {
+        "status": 200,
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "text/event-stream;charset=utf-8"
+        },
+        "body": "data: {\"model\":\"qwen3.7-plus\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-047bcb67-b193-9a4f-9d77-ea0325be6d7c\",\"created\":1788837041,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null,\"choices\":[{\"logprobs\":null,\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"content\":\"\",\"role\":\"assistant\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"model\":\"qwen3.7-plus\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-047bcb67-b193-9a4f-9d77-ea0325be6d7c\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"content\":\"3\"},\"index\":0,\"finish_reason\":null,\"logprobs\":null}],\"created\":1788837041,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"model\":\"qwen3.7-plus\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-047bcb67-b193-9a4f-9d77-ea0325be6d7c\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"content\":\"7887\"},\"index\":0,\"finish_reason\":null,\"logprobs\":null}],\"created\":1788837041,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"model\":\"qwen3.7-plus\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-047bcb67-b193-9a4f-9d77-ea0325be6d7c\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"content\":\"\"},\"index\":0,\"finish_reason\":\"stop\",\"logprobs\":null}],\"created\":1788837041,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"choices\":[],\"created\":1788837041,\"id\":\"chatcmpl-047bcb67-b193-9a4f-9d77-ea0325be6d7c\",\"model\":\"qwen3.7-plus\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":{\"completion_tokens\":5,\"prompt_tokens\":32,\"prompt_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":0,\"text_tokens\":32},\"total_tokens\":37}}\n\ndata: [DONE]\n\n"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}

packages/ai/test/fixtures/recordings/alibaba-chat/qwen-3-8-max-obeys-named-tool-choice.json

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "metadata": {
+    "tags": [
+      "prefix:alibaba-chat",
+      "provider:alibaba",
+      "protocol:alibaba-chat",
+      "region:ap-southeast-1",
+      "tool",
+      "tool-choice"
+    ],
+    "name": "alibaba-chat/qwen-3-8-max-obeys-named-tool-choice",
+    "recordedAt": "2026-09-08T03:10:56.576Z"
+  },
+  "interactions": [
+    {
+      "transport": "http",
+      "request": {
+        "method": "POST",
+        "url": "https://dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1/chat/completions",
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "application/json"
+        },
+        "body": "{\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"messages\":[{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":\"Find the current weather in Paris.\"}],\"tools\":[{\"type\":\"function\",\"function\":{\"name\":\"get_weather\",\"description\":\"Get weather in a city\",\"parameters\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"properties\":{\"city\":{\"type\":\"string\",\"enum\":[\"Paris\"]}},\"required\":[\"city\"]}}}],\"tool_choice\":{\"type\":\"function\",\"function\":{\"name\":\"get_weather\"}},\"stream\":true,\"stream_options\":{\"include_usage\":true},\"reasoning_effort\":\"none\",\"max_completion_tokens\":4096}"
+      },
+      "response": {
+        "status": 200,
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "text/event-stream;charset=utf-8"
+        },
+        "body": "data: {\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-681dfa5a-ae08-98da-ba0d-4b1d0d364b6b\",\"created\":1788837055,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null,\"choices\":[{\"logprobs\":null,\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"content\":\"\",\"role\":\"assistant\",\"tool_calls\":[{\"index\":0,\"id\":\"call_4eb823cb28d141c8befbb331\",\"type\":\"function\",\"function\":{\"name\":\"get_weather\",\"arguments\":\"\"}}]},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-681dfa5a-ae08-98da-ba0d-4b1d0d364b6b\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"content\":\"\",\"tool_calls\":[{\"index\":0,\"id\":\"\",\"type\":\"function\",\"function\":{\"arguments\":\"\"}}]},\"index\":0,\"finish_reason\":null,\"logprobs\":null}],\"created\":1788837055,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-681dfa5a-ae08-98da-ba0d-4b1d0d364b6b\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"content\":\"\",\"tool_calls\":[{\"type\":\"function\",\"index\":0,\"function\":{\"arguments\":\"{\\\"city\\\": \\\"Paris\"}}]},\"index\":0,\"finish_reason\":null,\"logprobs\":null}],\"created\":1788837055,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-681dfa5a-ae08-98da-ba0d-4b1d0d364b6b\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"content\":\"\",\"tool_calls\":[{\"type\":\"function\",\"index\":0,\"function\":{\"arguments\":\"\\\"\"}}]},\"index\":0,\"finish_reason\":null,\"logprobs\":null}],\"created\":1788837055,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-681dfa5a-ae08-98da-ba0d-4b1d0d364b6b\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"content\":\"\",\"tool_calls\":[{\"type\":\"function\",\"index\":0,\"function\":{\"arguments\":\"}\"}}]},\"index\":0,\"finish_reason\":null,\"logprobs\":null}],\"created\":1788837055,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-681dfa5a-ae08-98da-ba0d-4b1d0d364b6b\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"content\":\"\",\"tool_calls\":[{\"type\":\"function\",\"index\":0,\"function\":{\"arguments\":\"\"}}]},\"index\":0,\"finish_reason\":null,\"logprobs\":null}],\"created\":1788837055,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-681dfa5a-ae08-98da-ba0d-4b1d0d364b6b\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"tool_calls\":[{\"function\":{\"arguments\":\"\"},\"index\":0,\"id\":null,\"type\":\"function\"}],\"content\":\"\"},\"index\":0,\"finish_reason\":null,\"logprobs\":null}],\"created\":1788837055,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-681dfa5a-ae08-98da-ba0d-4b1d0d364b6b\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{},\"index\":0,\"finish_reason\":\"stop\",\"logprobs\":null}],\"created\":1788837055,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"choices\":[],\"created\":1788837055,\"id\":\"chatcmpl-681dfa5a-ae08-98da-ba0d-4b1d0d364b6b\",\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":{\"completion_tokens\":19,\"prompt_tokens\":288,\"prompt_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":0,\"text_tokens\":288},\"total_tokens\":307}}\n\ndata: [DONE]\n\n"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}

packages/ai/test/fixtures/recordings/alibaba-chat/qwen-3-8-max-returns-a-json-object.json

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "metadata": {
+    "tags": [
+      "prefix:alibaba-chat",
+      "provider:alibaba",
+      "protocol:alibaba-chat",
+      "region:ap-southeast-1",
+      "structured-output"
+    ],
+    "name": "alibaba-chat/qwen-3-8-max-returns-a-json-object",
+    "recordedAt": "2026-09-08T03:11:29.462Z"
+  },
+  "interactions": [
+    {
+      "transport": "http",
+      "request": {
+        "method": "POST",
+        "url": "https://dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1/chat/completions",
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "application/json"
+        },
+        "body": "{\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"messages\":[{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":\"Return a JSON object with one key \\\"city\\\" set to the capital city of France.\"}],\"stream\":true,\"stream_options\":{\"include_usage\":true},\"reasoning_effort\":\"none\",\"max_completion_tokens\":1024,\"response_format\":{\"type\":\"json_object\"}}"
+      },
+      "response": {
+        "status": 200,
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "text/event-stream;charset=utf-8"
+        },
+        "body": "data: {\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-de34af77-7b1e-9999-a48f-e564c03d4b6b\",\"created\":1788837088,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null,\"choices\":[{\"logprobs\":null,\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"content\":\"\",\"role\":\"assistant\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-de34af77-7b1e-9999-a48f-e564c03d4b6b\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"content\":\"{\\\"\"},\"index\":0,\"finish_reason\":null,\"logprobs\":null}],\"created\":1788837088,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-de34af77-7b1e-9999-a48f-e564c03d4b6b\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"content\":\"city\\\":\"},\"index\":0,\"finish_reason\":null,\"logprobs\":null}],\"created\":1788837088,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-de34af77-7b1e-9999-a48f-e564c03d4b6b\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"content\":\" \\\"Paris\\\"}\"},\"index\":0,\"finish_reason\":null,\"logprobs\":null}],\"created\":1788837088,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-de34af77-7b1e-9999-a48f-e564c03d4b6b\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"content\":\"\"},\"index\":0,\"finish_reason\":\"stop\",\"logprobs\":null}],\"created\":1788837088,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"choices\":[],\"created\":1788837088,\"id\":\"chatcmpl-de34af77-7b1e-9999-a48f-e564c03d4b6b\",\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":{\"completion_tokens\":6,\"prompt_tokens\":32,\"prompt_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":0,\"text_tokens\":32},\"total_tokens\":38}}\n\ndata: [DONE]\n\n"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}

packages/ai/test/fixtures/recordings/alibaba-chat/qwen-3-8-max-streams-none-effort.json

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "metadata": {
+    "tags": [
+      "prefix:alibaba-chat",
+      "provider:alibaba",
+      "protocol:alibaba-chat",
+      "region:ap-southeast-1",
+      "text",
+      "reasoning",
+      "usage"
+    ],
+    "name": "alibaba-chat/qwen-3-8-max-streams-none-effort",
+    "recordedAt": "2026-09-08T03:09:27.584Z"
+  },
+  "interactions": [
+    {
+      "transport": "http",
+      "request": {
+        "method": "POST",
+        "url": "https://dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1/chat/completions",
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "application/json"
+        },
+        "body": "{\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"messages\":[{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":\"What is 173 multiplied by 219? Reply with only the final integer.\"}],\"stream\":true,\"stream_options\":{\"include_usage\":true},\"reasoning_effort\":\"none\",\"max_completion_tokens\":4096}"
+      },
+      "response": {
+        "status": 200,
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "text/event-stream;charset=utf-8"
+        },
+        "body": "data: {\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-d8fbc8fe-4d5a-9dc9-84c6-ed0c7b9dd3bb\",\"created\":1788836967,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null,\"choices\":[{\"logprobs\":null,\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"content\":\"\",\"role\":\"assistant\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-d8fbc8fe-4d5a-9dc9-84c6-ed0c7b9dd3bb\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"content\":\"3\"},\"index\":0,\"finish_reason\":null,\"logprobs\":null}],\"created\":1788836967,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-d8fbc8fe-4d5a-9dc9-84c6-ed0c7b9dd3bb\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"content\":\"78\"},\"index\":0,\"finish_reason\":null,\"logprobs\":null}],\"created\":1788836967,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-d8fbc8fe-4d5a-9dc9-84c6-ed0c7b9dd3bb\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"content\":\"87\"},\"index\":0,\"finish_reason\":null,\"logprobs\":null}],\"created\":1788836967,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-d8fbc8fe-4d5a-9dc9-84c6-ed0c7b9dd3bb\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"content\":\"\"},\"index\":0,\"finish_reason\":\"stop\",\"logprobs\":null}],\"created\":1788836967,\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"choices\":[],\"created\":1788836967,\"id\":\"chatcmpl-d8fbc8fe-4d5a-9dc9-84c6-ed0c7b9dd3bb\",\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":{\"completion_tokens\":5,\"prompt_tokens\":32,\"prompt_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":0,\"text_tokens\":32},\"total_tokens\":37}}\n\ndata: [DONE]\n\n"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}

packages/ai/test/fixtures/recordings/alibaba-messages/qwen-3-7-plus-streams-thinking-disabled.json

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "metadata": {
+    "tags": [
+      "prefix:alibaba-messages",
+      "provider:alibaba",
+      "protocol:alibaba-messages",
+      "region:ap-southeast-1",
+      "thinking",
+      "usage"
+    ],
+    "name": "alibaba-messages/qwen-3-7-plus-streams-thinking-disabled",
+    "recordedAt": "2026-09-08T03:10:57.819Z"
+  },
+  "interactions": [
+    {
+      "transport": "http",
+      "request": {
+        "method": "POST",
+        "url": "https://dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com/apps/anthropic/v1/messages",
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "application/json"
+        },
+        "body": "{\"model\":\"qwen3.7-plus\",\"messages\":[{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"What is 173 multiplied by 219? Reply with only the final integer.\"}]}],\"stream\":true,\"max_tokens\":4096,\"thinking\":{\"type\":\"disabled\"}}"
+      },
+      "response": {
+        "status": 200,
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "text/event-stream"
+        },
+        "body": "event:ping\ndata:{\"type\":\"ping\"}\n\nevent:message_start\ndata:{\"message\":{\"model\":\"qwen3.7-plus\",\"id\":\"msg_c4d58b4f-a61d-9d0c-a9e4-cb45d34b1120\",\"role\":\"assistant\",\"type\":\"message\",\"content\":[],\"usage\":{\"input_tokens\":20,\"output_tokens\":0}},\"type\":\"message_start\"}\n\nevent:content_block_start\ndata:{\"type\":\"content_block_start\",\"content_block\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"\"},\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"text_delta\",\"text\":\"3\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"text_delta\",\"text\":\"7887\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_stop\ndata:{\"type\":\"content_block_stop\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:message_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"stop_reason\":\"end_turn\"},\"type\":\"message_delta\",\"usage\":{\"output_tokens\":5,\"cache_creation_input_tokens\":0,\"input_tokens\":32,\"cache_read_input_tokens\":0,\"prompt_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":0}}}\n\nevent:message_stop\ndata:{\"type\":\"message_stop\"}\n\n"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}

packages/ai/test/fixtures/recordings/alibaba-messages/qwen-3-8-max-follows-a-json-schema.json

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "metadata": {
+    "tags": [
+      "prefix:alibaba-messages",
+      "provider:alibaba",
+      "protocol:alibaba-messages",
+      "region:ap-southeast-1",
+      "structured-output"
+    ],
+    "name": "alibaba-messages/qwen-3-8-max-follows-a-json-schema",
+    "recordedAt": "2026-09-08T03:11:30.530Z"
+  },
+  "interactions": [
+    {
+      "transport": "http",
+      "request": {
+        "method": "POST",
+        "url": "https://dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com/apps/anthropic/v1/messages",
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "application/json"
+        },
+        "body": "{\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"messages\":[{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Return a JSON object with one key \\\"city\\\" set to the capital city of France.\"}]}],\"stream\":true,\"max_tokens\":1024,\"thinking\":{\"type\":\"disabled\"},\"output_config\":{\"format\":{\"type\":\"json_schema\",\"schema\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"properties\":{\"city\":{\"type\":\"string\"}},\"required\":[\"city\"],\"additionalProperties\":false}}}}"
+      },
+      "response": {
+        "status": 200,
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "text/event-stream"
+        },
+        "body": "event:ping\ndata:{\"type\":\"ping\"}\n\nevent:message_start\ndata:{\"message\":{\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"msg_16e067c1-984b-94d3-9abb-11792d794271\",\"role\":\"assistant\",\"type\":\"message\",\"content\":[],\"usage\":{\"input_tokens\":18,\"output_tokens\":0}},\"type\":\"message_start\"}\n\nevent:content_block_start\ndata:{\"type\":\"content_block_start\",\"content_block\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"\"},\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"text_delta\",\"text\":\"{\\\"\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"text_delta\",\"text\":\"city\\\":\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"text_delta\",\"text\":\" \\\"Paris\\\"}\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_stop\ndata:{\"type\":\"content_block_stop\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:message_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"stop_reason\":\"end_turn\"},\"type\":\"message_delta\",\"usage\":{\"output_tokens\":6,\"cache_creation_input_tokens\":0,\"input_tokens\":32,\"cache_read_input_tokens\":0,\"prompt_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":0}}}\n\nevent:message_stop\ndata:{\"type\":\"message_stop\"}\n\n"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}

packages/ai/test/fixtures/recordings/alibaba-messages/qwen-3-8-max-obeys-named-tool-choice.json

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "metadata": {
+    "tags": [
+      "prefix:alibaba-messages",
+      "provider:alibaba",
+      "protocol:alibaba-messages",
+      "region:ap-southeast-1",
+      "tool",
+      "tool-choice"
+    ],
+    "name": "alibaba-messages/qwen-3-8-max-obeys-named-tool-choice",
+    "recordedAt": "2026-09-08T03:11:06.590Z"
+  },
+  "interactions": [
+    {
+      "transport": "http",
+      "request": {
+        "method": "POST",
+        "url": "https://dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com/apps/anthropic/v1/messages",
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "application/json"
+        },
+        "body": "{\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"messages\":[{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Find the current weather in Paris.\"}]}],\"tools\":[{\"name\":\"get_weather\",\"description\":\"Get weather in a city\",\"input_schema\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"properties\":{\"city\":{\"type\":\"string\",\"enum\":[\"Paris\"]}},\"required\":[\"city\"]}}],\"tool_choice\":{\"type\":\"tool\",\"name\":\"get_weather\"},\"stream\":true,\"max_tokens\":4096,\"thinking\":{\"type\":\"disabled\"}}"
+      },
+      "response": {
+        "status": 200,
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "text/event-stream"
+        },
+        "body": "event:ping\ndata:{\"type\":\"ping\"}\n\nevent:message_start\ndata:{\"message\":{\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"msg_0e8f1abf-f2bc-9a86-a6a7-14804ac17eac\",\"role\":\"assistant\",\"type\":\"message\",\"content\":[],\"usage\":{\"input_tokens\":45,\"output_tokens\":0}},\"type\":\"message_start\"}\n\nevent:content_block_start\ndata:{\"type\":\"content_block_start\",\"content_block\":{\"name\":\"get_weather\",\"input\":{},\"id\":\"toolu_cf9cab33261f4709ae096d8a\",\"type\":\"tool_use\"},\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"partial_json\":\"\",\"type\":\"input_json_delta\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"partial_json\":\"{\\\"city\\\": \\\"Paris\",\"type\":\"input_json_delta\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"partial_json\":\"\\\"\",\"type\":\"input_json_delta\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"partial_json\":\"}\",\"type\":\"input_json_delta\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_stop\ndata:{\"type\":\"content_block_stop\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:message_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"stop_reason\":\"end_turn\"},\"type\":\"message_delta\",\"usage\":{\"output_tokens\":19,\"cache_creation_input_tokens\":0,\"input_tokens\":288,\"cache_read_input_tokens\":0,\"prompt_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":0}}}\n\nevent:message_stop\ndata:{\"type\":\"message_stop\"}\n\n"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}

packages/ai/test/fixtures/recordings/alibaba-messages/qwen-3-8-max-streams-max-effort.json

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "metadata": {
+    "tags": [
+      "prefix:alibaba-messages",
+      "provider:alibaba",
+      "protocol:alibaba-messages",
+      "region:ap-southeast-1",
+      "text",
+      "reasoning",
+      "usage"
+    ],
+    "name": "alibaba-messages/qwen-3-8-max-streams-max-effort",
+    "recordedAt": "2026-09-08T03:12:36.479Z"
+  },
+  "interactions": [
+    {
+      "transport": "http",
+      "request": {
+        "method": "POST",
+        "url": "https://dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com/apps/anthropic/v1/messages",
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "application/json"
+        },
+        "body": "{\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"messages\":[{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"What is 173 multiplied by 219? Reply with only the final integer.\"}]}],\"stream\":true,\"max_tokens\":4096,\"output_config\":{\"effort\":\"max\"}}"
+      },
+      "response": {
+        "status": 200,
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "text/event-stream"
+        },
+        "body": "event:ping\ndata:{\"type\":\"ping\"}\n\nevent:message_start\ndata:{\"message\":{\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"msg_7952446b-0176-9526-ad7d-b1f0184bc106\",\"role\":\"assistant\",\"type\":\"message\",\"content\":[],\"usage\":{\"input_tokens\":20,\"output_tokens\":0}},\"type\":\"message_start\"}\n\nevent:content_block_start\ndata:{\"type\":\"content_block_start\",\"content_block\":{\"type\":\"thinking\",\"signature\":\"\",\"thinking\":\"\"},\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"We\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\" need answer user\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"'s simple multiplication with\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\" only final integer.\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\" Need compute 1\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"73*2\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"19. \"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"173*\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"200=\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"3460\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"0; 1\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"73*1\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"9=32\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"87 (\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"173*\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"20=3\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"460-\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"173=\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"3287\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"); sum=3\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"7887\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\". Final only integer\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\".\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"signature_delta\",\"signature\":\"\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_stop\ndata:{\"type\":\"content_block_stop\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_start\ndata:{\"type\":\"content_block_start\",\"content_block\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"\"},\"index\":1}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"text_delta\",\"text\":\"37\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":1}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"text_delta\",\"text\":\"887\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":1}\n\nevent:content_block_stop\ndata:{\"type\":\"content_block_stop\",\"index\":1}\n\nevent:message_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"stop_reason\":\"end_turn\"},\"type\":\"message_delta\",\"usage\":{\"output_tokens\":92,\"cache_creation_input_tokens\":0,\"input_tokens\":81,\"cache_read_input_tokens\":0,\"prompt_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":0}}}\n\nevent:message_stop\ndata:{\"type\":\"message_stop\"}\n\n"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}

packages/ai/test/fixtures/recordings/alibaba-messages/qwen-3-8-max-streams-xhigh-effort.json

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "metadata": {
+    "tags": [
+      "prefix:alibaba-messages",
+      "provider:alibaba",
+      "protocol:alibaba-messages",
+      "region:ap-southeast-1",
+      "text",
+      "reasoning",
+      "usage"
+    ],
+    "name": "alibaba-messages/qwen-3-8-max-streams-xhigh-effort",
+    "recordedAt": "2026-09-08T03:10:04.633Z"
+  },
+  "interactions": [
+    {
+      "transport": "http",
+      "request": {
+        "method": "POST",
+        "url": "https://dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com/apps/anthropic/v1/messages",
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "application/json"
+        },
+        "body": "{\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"messages\":[{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"What is 173 multiplied by 219? Reply with only the final integer.\"}]}],\"stream\":true,\"max_tokens\":4096,\"output_config\":{\"effort\":\"xhigh\"}}"
+      },
+      "response": {
+        "status": 200,
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "text/event-stream"
+        },
+        "body": "event:ping\ndata:{\"type\":\"ping\"}\n\nevent:message_start\ndata:{\"message\":{\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"id\":\"msg_a57b8563-71fb-9248-a31e-c49d6ba38717\",\"role\":\"assistant\",\"type\":\"message\",\"content\":[],\"usage\":{\"input_tokens\":20,\"output_tokens\":0}},\"type\":\"message_start\"}\n\nevent:content_block_start\ndata:{\"type\":\"content_block_start\",\"content_block\":{\"type\":\"thinking\",\"signature\":\"\",\"thinking\":\"\"},\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"We\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\" need answer simple multiplication\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\". We\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\" already call\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\". Need compute \"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"173*\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"219.\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\" 173\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"*200\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"=346\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"00; *\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"19=3\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"287;\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\" sum 37\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"88\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\"7. Final only\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\" integer. Ensure\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"thinking_delta\",\"thinking\":\" no extra.\\n\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"signature_delta\",\"signature\":\"\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_stop\ndata:{\"type\":\"content_block_stop\",\"index\":0}\n\nevent:content_block_start\ndata:{\"type\":\"content_block_start\",\"content_block\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"\"},\"index\":1}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"text_delta\",\"text\":\"378\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":1}\n\nevent:content_block_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"type\":\"text_delta\",\"text\":\"87\"},\"type\":\"content_block_delta\",\"index\":1}\n\nevent:content_block_stop\ndata:{\"type\":\"content_block_stop\",\"index\":1}\n\nevent:message_delta\ndata:{\"delta\":{\"stop_reason\":\"end_turn\"},\"type\":\"message_delta\",\"usage\":{\"output_tokens\":69,\"cache_creation_input_tokens\":0,\"input_tokens\":81,\"cache_read_input_tokens\":0,\"prompt_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":0}}}\n\nevent:message_stop\ndata:{\"type\":\"message_stop\"}\n\n"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}

packages/ai/test/fixtures/recordings/alibaba-responses/qwen-3-7-plus-streams-thinking-disabled.json

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "metadata": {
+    "tags": [
+      "prefix:alibaba-responses",
+      "provider:alibaba",
+      "protocol:alibaba-responses",
+      "region:ap-southeast-1",
+      "thinking",
+      "usage"
+    ],
+    "name": "alibaba-responses/qwen-3-7-plus-streams-thinking-disabled",
+    "recordedAt": "2026-09-08T03:11:07.495Z"
+  },
+  "interactions": [
+    {
+      "transport": "http",
+      "request": {
+        "method": "POST",
+        "url": "https://dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1/responses",
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "application/json"
+        },
+        "body": "{\"model\":\"qwen3.7-plus\",\"input\":[{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"input_text\",\"text\":\"What is 173 multiplied by 219? Reply with only the final integer.\"}]}],\"max_output_tokens\":4096,\"enable_thinking\":false,\"stream\":true}"
+      },
+      "response": {
+        "status": 200,
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "text/event-stream;charset=UTF-8"
+        },
+        "body": "id:1\nevent:response.created\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":0,\"type\":\"response.created\",\"response\":{\"top_logprobs\":0,\"metadata\":{},\"presence_penalty\":0.0,\"created_at\":1788837067,\"store\":true,\"tools\":[],\"output\":[],\"top_p\":1.0,\"completed_at\":1788837067,\"frequency_penalty\":0.0,\"parallel_tool_calls\":true,\"background\":false,\"temperature\":1.0,\"tool_choice\":\"auto\",\"model\":\"qwen3.7-plus\",\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"resp_493607bf-baef-9ced-9e36-2e2a583b6177\",\"max_output_tokens\":4096,\"object\":\"response\",\"status\":\"queued\"}}\n\nid:2\nevent:response.in_progress\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":1,\"type\":\"response.in_progress\",\"response\":{\"top_logprobs\":0,\"metadata\":{},\"presence_penalty\":0.0,\"created_at\":1788837067,\"store\":true,\"tools\":[],\"output\":[],\"top_p\":1.0,\"completed_at\":1788837067,\"frequency_penalty\":0.0,\"parallel_tool_calls\":true,\"background\":false,\"temperature\":1.0,\"tool_choice\":\"auto\",\"model\":\"qwen3.7-plus\",\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"resp_493607bf-baef-9ced-9e36-2e2a583b6177\",\"max_output_tokens\":4096,\"object\":\"response\",\"status\":\"in_progress\"}}\n\nid:3\nevent:response.output_item.added\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":2,\"item\":{\"id\":\"msg_509c6dec-e527-41b5-a9c9-7f02fecb7a3f\",\"role\":\"assistant\",\"type\":\"message\",\"content\":[],\"status\":\"in_progress\"},\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_item.added\"}\n\nid:4\nevent:response.content_part.added\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":3,\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.content_part.added\",\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_509c6dec-e527-41b5-a9c9-7f02fecb7a3f\",\"part\":{\"type\":\"output_text\",\"annotations\":[],\"text\":\"\"}}\n\nid:5\nevent:response.output_text.delta\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":4,\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_509c6dec-e527-41b5-a9c9-7f02fecb7a3f\",\"delta\":\"3\",\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_text.delta\",\"logprobs\":[]}\n\nid:6\nevent:response.output_text.delta\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":5,\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_509c6dec-e527-41b5-a9c9-7f02fecb7a3f\",\"delta\":\"7887\",\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_text.delta\",\"logprobs\":[]}\n\nid:7\nevent:response.output_text.delta\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":6,\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_509c6dec-e527-41b5-a9c9-7f02fecb7a3f\",\"delta\":\"\",\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_text.delta\",\"logprobs\":[]}\n\nid:8\nevent:response.output_text.done\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":7,\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_509c6dec-e527-41b5-a9c9-7f02fecb7a3f\",\"text\":\"37887\",\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_text.done\",\"logprobs\":[]}\n\nid:9\nevent:response.content_part.done\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":8,\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.content_part.done\",\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_509c6dec-e527-41b5-a9c9-7f02fecb7a3f\",\"part\":{\"type\":\"output_text\",\"annotations\":[],\"text\":\"37887\"}}\n\nid:10\nevent:response.output_item.done\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":9,\"item\":{\"id\":\"msg_509c6dec-e527-41b5-a9c9-7f02fecb7a3f\",\"role\":\"assistant\",\"type\":\"message\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"output_text\",\"annotations\":[],\"text\":\"37887\"}],\"status\":\"completed\"},\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_item.done\"}\n\nid:11\nevent:response.completed\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":10,\"type\":\"response.completed\",\"response\":{\"top_logprobs\":0,\"metadata\":{},\"presence_penalty\":0.0,\"usage\":{\"total_tokens\":73,\"input_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":0},\"output_tokens\":5,\"input_tokens\":68,\"output_tokens_details\":{\"reasoning_tokens\":0},\"x_details\":[{\"total_tokens\":73,\"x_billing_type\":\"response_api\",\"output_tokens\":5,\"input_tokens\":68,\"prompt_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":0}}]},\"created_at\":1788837067,\"store\":true,\"tools\":[],\"output\":[{\"id\":\"msg_509c6dec-e527-41b5-a9c9-7f02fecb7a3f\",\"role\":\"assistant\",\"type\":\"message\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"output_text\",\"annotations\":[],\"text\":\"37887\"}],\"status\":\"completed\"}],\"top_p\":1.0,\"completed_at\":1788837067,\"frequency_penalty\":0.0,\"parallel_tool_calls\":true,\"background\":false,\"temperature\":1.0,\"tool_choice\":\"auto\",\"model\":\"qwen3.7-plus\",\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"resp_493607bf-baef-9ced-9e36-2e2a583b6177\",\"max_output_tokens\":4096,\"object\":\"response\",\"status\":\"completed\"}}\n\n"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}

packages/ai/test/fixtures/recordings/alibaba-responses/qwen-3-8-max-continues-a-stored-response.json

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "metadata": {
+    "tags": [
+      "prefix:alibaba-responses",
+      "provider:alibaba",
+      "protocol:alibaba-responses",
+      "region:ap-southeast-1",
+      "continuation",
+      "storage"
+    ],
+    "name": "alibaba-responses/qwen-3-8-max-continues-a-stored-response",
+    "recordedAt": "2026-09-08T03:12:42.429Z"
+  },
+  "interactions": [
+    {
+      "transport": "http",
+      "request": {
+        "method": "POST",
+        "url": "https://dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1/responses",
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "application/json"
+        },
+        "body": "{\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"input\":[{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"input_text\",\"text\":\"Remember the password word apricot. Reply OK.\"}]}],\"store\":true,\"reasoning\":{\"effort\":\"none\"},\"max_output_tokens\":1024,\"stream\":true}"
+      },
+      "response": {
+        "status": 200,
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "text/event-stream;charset=UTF-8"
+        },
+        "body": "id:1\nevent:response.created\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":0,\"type\":\"response.created\",\"response\":{\"top_logprobs\":0,\"metadata\":{},\"presence_penalty\":0.0,\"reasoning\":{\"effort\":\"none\"},\"created_at\":1788837161,\"store\":true,\"tools\":[],\"output\":[],\"top_p\":1.0,\"completed_at\":1788837161,\"frequency_penalty\":0.0,\"parallel_tool_calls\":true,\"background\":false,\"temperature\":1.0,\"tool_choice\":\"auto\",\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"resp_97f8cd28-c7ab-9d51-9c14-4fc531decdc8\",\"max_output_tokens\":1024,\"object\":\"response\",\"status\":\"queued\"}}\n\nid:2\nevent:response.in_progress\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":1,\"type\":\"response.in_progress\",\"response\":{\"top_logprobs\":0,\"metadata\":{},\"presence_penalty\":0.0,\"reasoning\":{\"effort\":\"none\"},\"created_at\":1788837161,\"store\":true,\"tools\":[],\"output\":[],\"top_p\":1.0,\"completed_at\":1788837161,\"frequency_penalty\":0.0,\"parallel_tool_calls\":true,\"background\":false,\"temperature\":1.0,\"tool_choice\":\"auto\",\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"resp_97f8cd28-c7ab-9d51-9c14-4fc531decdc8\",\"max_output_tokens\":1024,\"object\":\"response\",\"status\":\"in_progress\"}}\n\nid:3\nevent:response.output_item.added\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":2,\"item\":{\"id\":\"msg_a908ad8e-6220-444b-880c-02aecbaf8fac\",\"role\":\"assistant\",\"type\":\"message\",\"content\":[],\"status\":\"in_progress\"},\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_item.added\"}\n\nid:4\nevent:response.content_part.added\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":3,\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.content_part.added\",\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_a908ad8e-6220-444b-880c-02aecbaf8fac\",\"part\":{\"type\":\"output_text\",\"annotations\":[],\"text\":\"\"}}\n\nid:5\nevent:response.output_text.delta\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":4,\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_a908ad8e-6220-444b-880c-02aecbaf8fac\",\"delta\":\"OK\",\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_text.delta\",\"logprobs\":[]}\n\nid:6\nevent:response.output_text.delta\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":5,\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_a908ad8e-6220-444b-880c-02aecbaf8fac\",\"delta\":\".\",\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_text.delta\",\"logprobs\":[]}\n\nid:7\nevent:response.output_text.delta\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":6,\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_a908ad8e-6220-444b-880c-02aecbaf8fac\",\"delta\":\"\",\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_text.delta\",\"logprobs\":[]}\n\nid:8\nevent:response.output_text.done\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":7,\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_a908ad8e-6220-444b-880c-02aecbaf8fac\",\"text\":\"OK.\",\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_text.done\",\"logprobs\":[]}\n\nid:9\nevent:response.content_part.done\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":8,\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.content_part.done\",\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_a908ad8e-6220-444b-880c-02aecbaf8fac\",\"part\":{\"type\":\"output_text\",\"annotations\":[],\"text\":\"OK.\"}}\n\nid:10\nevent:response.output_item.done\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":9,\"item\":{\"id\":\"msg_a908ad8e-6220-444b-880c-02aecbaf8fac\",\"role\":\"assistant\",\"type\":\"message\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"output_text\",\"annotations\":[],\"text\":\"OK.\"}],\"status\":\"completed\"},\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_item.done\"}\n\nid:11\nevent:response.completed\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":10,\"type\":\"response.completed\",\"response\":{\"top_logprobs\":0,\"metadata\":{},\"presence_penalty\":0.0,\"reasoning\":{\"effort\":\"none\"},\"usage\":{\"total_tokens\":60,\"input_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":0},\"output_tokens\":2,\"input_tokens\":58,\"output_tokens_details\":{\"reasoning_tokens\":0},\"x_details\":[{\"total_tokens\":60,\"x_billing_type\":\"response_api\",\"output_tokens\":2,\"input_tokens\":58,\"prompt_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":0}}]},\"created_at\":1788837161,\"store\":true,\"tools\":[],\"output\":[{\"id\":\"msg_a908ad8e-6220-444b-880c-02aecbaf8fac\",\"role\":\"assistant\",\"type\":\"message\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"output_text\",\"annotations\":[],\"text\":\"OK.\"}],\"status\":\"completed\"}],\"top_p\":1.0,\"completed_at\":1788837161,\"frequency_penalty\":0.0,\"parallel_tool_calls\":true,\"background\":false,\"temperature\":1.0,\"tool_choice\":\"auto\",\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"resp_97f8cd28-c7ab-9d51-9c14-4fc531decdc8\",\"max_output_tokens\":1024,\"object\":\"response\",\"status\":\"completed\"}}\n\n"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "transport": "http",
+      "request": {
+        "method": "POST",
+        "url": "https://dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1/responses",
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "application/json"
+        },
+        "body": "{\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"input\":[{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"input_text\",\"text\":\"What word did I ask you to remember? Reply with only the word.\"}]}],\"store\":true,\"reasoning\":{\"effort\":\"none\"},\"max_output_tokens\":1024,\"previous_response_id\":\"resp_97f8cd28-c7ab-9d51-9c14-4fc531decdc8\",\"stream\":true}"
+      },
+      "response": {
+        "status": 200,
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "text/event-stream;charset=UTF-8"
+        },
+        "body": "id:1\nevent:response.created\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":0,\"type\":\"response.created\",\"response\":{\"top_logprobs\":0,\"metadata\":{},\"presence_penalty\":0.0,\"reasoning\":{\"effort\":\"none\"},\"created_at\":1788837162,\"store\":true,\"tools\":[],\"output\":[],\"top_p\":1.0,\"completed_at\":1788837162,\"previous_response_id\":\"resp_97f8cd28-c7ab-9d51-9c14-4fc531decdc8\",\"frequency_penalty\":0.0,\"parallel_tool_calls\":true,\"background\":false,\"temperature\":1.0,\"tool_choice\":\"auto\",\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"resp_1d81d34c-d3ec-9f98-ab59-5d4641d4217a\",\"max_output_tokens\":1024,\"object\":\"response\",\"status\":\"queued\"}}\n\nid:2\nevent:response.in_progress\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":1,\"type\":\"response.in_progress\",\"response\":{\"top_logprobs\":0,\"metadata\":{},\"presence_penalty\":0.0,\"reasoning\":{\"effort\":\"none\"},\"created_at\":1788837162,\"store\":true,\"tools\":[],\"output\":[],\"top_p\":1.0,\"completed_at\":1788837162,\"previous_response_id\":\"resp_97f8cd28-c7ab-9d51-9c14-4fc531decdc8\",\"frequency_penalty\":0.0,\"parallel_tool_calls\":true,\"background\":false,\"temperature\":1.0,\"tool_choice\":\"auto\",\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"resp_1d81d34c-d3ec-9f98-ab59-5d4641d4217a\",\"max_output_tokens\":1024,\"object\":\"response\",\"status\":\"in_progress\"}}\n\nid:3\nevent:response.output_item.added\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":2,\"item\":{\"id\":\"msg_7bc50c33-8fbd-4b10-91fc-4f2533bb2091\",\"role\":\"assistant\",\"type\":\"message\",\"content\":[],\"status\":\"in_progress\"},\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_item.added\"}\n\nid:4\nevent:response.content_part.added\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":3,\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.content_part.added\",\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_7bc50c33-8fbd-4b10-91fc-4f2533bb2091\",\"part\":{\"type\":\"output_text\",\"annotations\":[],\"text\":\"\"}}\n\nid:5\nevent:response.output_text.delta\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":4,\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_7bc50c33-8fbd-4b10-91fc-4f2533bb2091\",\"delta\":\"ap\",\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_text.delta\",\"logprobs\":[]}\n\nid:6\nevent:response.output_text.delta\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":5,\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_7bc50c33-8fbd-4b10-91fc-4f2533bb2091\",\"delta\":\"ricot\",\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_text.delta\",\"logprobs\":[]}\n\nid:7\nevent:response.output_text.delta\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":6,\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_7bc50c33-8fbd-4b10-91fc-4f2533bb2091\",\"delta\":\"\",\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_text.delta\",\"logprobs\":[]}\n\nid:8\nevent:response.output_text.done\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":7,\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_7bc50c33-8fbd-4b10-91fc-4f2533bb2091\",\"text\":\"apricot\",\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_text.done\",\"logprobs\":[]}\n\nid:9\nevent:response.content_part.done\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":8,\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.content_part.done\",\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_7bc50c33-8fbd-4b10-91fc-4f2533bb2091\",\"part\":{\"type\":\"output_text\",\"annotations\":[],\"text\":\"apricot\"}}\n\nid:10\nevent:response.output_item.done\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":9,\"item\":{\"id\":\"msg_7bc50c33-8fbd-4b10-91fc-4f2533bb2091\",\"role\":\"assistant\",\"type\":\"message\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"output_text\",\"annotations\":[],\"text\":\"apricot\"}],\"status\":\"completed\"},\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_item.done\"}\n\nid:11\nevent:response.completed\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":10,\"type\":\"response.completed\",\"response\":{\"top_logprobs\":0,\"metadata\":{},\"presence_penalty\":0.0,\"reasoning\":{\"effort\":\"none\"},\"usage\":{\"total_tokens\":92,\"input_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":0},\"output_tokens\":3,\"input_tokens\":89,\"output_tokens_details\":{\"reasoning_tokens\":0},\"x_details\":[{\"total_tokens\":92,\"x_billing_type\":\"response_api\",\"output_tokens\":3,\"input_tokens\":89,\"prompt_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":0}}]},\"created_at\":1788837162,\"store\":true,\"tools\":[],\"output\":[{\"id\":\"msg_7bc50c33-8fbd-4b10-91fc-4f2533bb2091\",\"role\":\"assistant\",\"type\":\"message\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"output_text\",\"annotations\":[],\"text\":\"apricot\"}],\"status\":\"completed\"}],\"top_p\":1.0,\"completed_at\":1788837162,\"previous_response_id\":\"resp_97f8cd28-c7ab-9d51-9c14-4fc531decdc8\",\"frequency_penalty\":0.0,\"parallel_tool_calls\":true,\"background\":false,\"temperature\":1.0,\"tool_choice\":\"auto\",\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"resp_1d81d34c-d3ec-9f98-ab59-5d4641d4217a\",\"max_output_tokens\":1024,\"object\":\"response\",\"status\":\"completed\"}}\n\n"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}

packages/ai/test/provider-options/alibaba.types.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { LLM } from "../../src/index.js"
+import { Alibaba } from "../../src/providers.js"
+
+const provider = Alibaba.configure({ region: "ap-southeast-1" })
+Alibaba.configure({ baseURL: "https://gateway.example/v1" })
+Alibaba.configure({ region: "eu-central-1", workspaceID: "llm-workspace" })
+LLM.request({
+  model: provider.chat("qwen3.8-max"),
+  providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "future", enableThinking: true, preserveThinking: false, toolStream: true },
+})
+LLM.request({
+  model: provider.messages("qwen3.8-max"),
+  providerOptions: { effort: "xhigh", thinking: { type: "enabled" } },
+})
+LLM.request({
+  model: provider.messages("qwen3.7-plus"),
+  providerOptions: { thinking: { type: "enabled", budgetTokens: 512 } },
+})
+LLM.request({
+  model: provider.responses("qwen3.8-max"),
+  providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "low", enableThinking: true, store: true, previousResponseId: "resp_previous" },
+})
+// @ts-expect-error Region or complete base URL is required.
+Alibaba.configure({ apiKey: "fixture" })
+LLM.request({
+  model: provider.chat("qwen3.8-max"),
+  // @ts-expect-error Thinking toggle is a boolean.
+  providerOptions: { enableThinking: "true" },
+})
+LLM.request({
+  model: provider.messages("qwen3.8-max"),
+  // @ts-expect-error Messages uses effort.
+  providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "high" },
+})
+LLM.request({
+  model: provider.responses("qwen3.8-max"),
+  // @ts-expect-error Responses does not use Chat thinking budgets.
+  providerOptions: { thinkingBudget: 512 },
+})

packages/ai/test/provider-package.test.ts

@@ -51,6 +51,10 @@ describe("provider package entrypoints", () => {
       import("@opencode/ai/providers/zai-coding-plan/chat"),
       import("@opencode/ai/providers/zai-coding-plan/messages"),
       import("@opencode/ai/providers/zai-coding-plan/responses"),
+      import("@opencode/ai/providers/alibaba"),
+      import("@opencode/ai/providers/alibaba/chat"),
+      import("@opencode/ai/providers/alibaba/messages"),
+      import("@opencode/ai/providers/alibaba/responses"),
     ])
 
     for (const module of modules) expect(module.model).toBeFunction()
@@ -61,6 +65,34 @@ describe("provider package entrypoints", () => {
     expect(modules[19].model).not.toBe(modules[20].model)
   })
 
+  test("maps Alibaba API entrypoints onto explicit regional routes", async () => {
+    const modules = await Promise.all([
+      import("@opencode/ai/providers/alibaba"),
+      import("@opencode/ai/providers/alibaba/chat"),
+      import("@opencode/ai/providers/alibaba/messages"),
+      import("@opencode/ai/providers/alibaba/responses"),
+    ])
+    expect(modules[0].model).toBe(modules[1].model)
+    const settings = {
+      region: "eu-central-1",
+      workspaceID: "llm-fixture",
+      apiKey: "fixture",
+      headers: { "x-test": "fixture" },
+      body: { extension: true },
+    }
+    const routes = ["alibaba-chat", "alibaba-chat", "alibaba-messages", "alibaba-responses"]
+    modules.forEach((module, index) => {
+      const model = module.model("qwen3.8-max", settings)
+      expect(model.provider).toBe("alibaba")
+      expect(model.route.id).toBe(routes[index])
+      expect(model.route.endpoint.baseURL).toBe(
+        `https://llm-fixture.eu-central-1.maas.aliyuncs.com/${index === 2 ? "apps/anthropic/v1" : "compatible-mode/v1"}`,
+      )
+      expect(model.route.defaults.headers).toEqual(settings.headers)
+      expect(model.route.defaults.http?.body).toEqual(settings.body)
+    })
+  })
+
   test("maps Moonshot API entrypoints onto provider-owned routes", async () => {
     const modules = await Promise.all([
       import("@opencode/ai/providers/moonshot"),

packages/ai/test/provider/alibaba-capabilities.recorded.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { LLM, LLMEvent, LLMRequest, Message, ToolDefinition } from "../../src/index.js"
+import { Alibaba } from "../../src/providers.js"
+import { LLMClient } from "../../src/route.js"
+import { compileRequest } from "../../src/route/client.js"
+import { recordedTests } from "../recorded-test.js"
+
+const alibaba = Alibaba.configure({ region: "ap-southeast-1", apiKey: process.env.ALIBABA_API_KEY ?? "fixture" })
+const record = (api: "chat" | "messages" | "responses") =>
+  recordedTests({
+    prefix: `alibaba-${api}`,
+    provider: "alibaba",
+    protocol: `alibaba-${api}`,
+    requires: ["ALIBABA_API_KEY"],
+    tags: ["region:ap-southeast-1"],
+  })
+
+for (const api of ["chat", "messages", "responses"] as const) {
+  const recorded = record(api)
+  describe(`Alibaba ${api} capabilities`, () => {
+    for (const enabled of [false, true]) {
+      recorded.effect.with(
+        `Qwen 3.7 Plus streams thinking ${enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled"}`,
+        { tags: ["thinking", "usage"] },
+        () =>
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const request = LLM.request({
+              model: alibaba[api]("qwen3.7-plus"),
+              providerOptions:
+                api === "messages"
+                  ? { thinking: { type: enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled", ...(enabled ? { budgetTokens: 1024 } : {}) } }
+                  : api === "chat"
+                    ? { enableThinking: enabled, ...(enabled ? { thinkingBudget: 1024 } : {}) }
+                    : { enableThinking: enabled },
+              prompt: "What is 173 multiplied by 219? Reply with only the final integer.",
+              generation: { maxTokens: 4096 },
+            })
+            const compiled = yield* compileRequest(request)
+            expect(api === "messages" ? compiled.body.thinking.type : compiled.body.enable_thinking).toBe(
+              api === "messages" ? (enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled") : enabled,
+            )
+            const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(request)
+            expect(response.text.replaceAll(",", "")).toContain("37887")
+            expect(response.reasoning.length > 0).toBe(enabled)
+            expect(response.finishReason.normalized).toBe("stop")
+            expect(response.usage?.inputTokens).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+            expect(response.usage?.outputTokens).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+          }),
+        120_000,
+      )
+    }
+    recorded.effect.with(
+      "Qwen 3.8 Flash reads image bytes",
+      { tags: ["image"] },
+      () =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const bytes = yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+            Bun.file(new URL("../fixtures/media/restroom.png", import.meta.url)).bytes(),
+          )
+          const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(
+            LLM.request({
+              model: alibaba[api]("qwen3.8-flash"),
+              providerOptions: api === "messages" ? { thinking: { type: "disabled" } } : { enableThinking: false },
+              messages: [
+                Message.user([
+                  { type: "text", text: "Read the three words in this image. Reply with only the words in order." },
+                  { type: "media", mediaType: "image/png", data: bytes },
+                ]),
+              ],
+              generation: { maxTokens: 4096 },
+            }),
+          )
+          expect(response.text.toLowerCase()).toContain("jiggling restroom prison")
+          expect(response.finishReason.normalized).toBe("stop")
+        }),
+      120_000,
+    )
+    recorded.effect.with(
+      "Qwen 3.8 Max obeys named tool choice",
+      { tags: ["tool", "tool-choice"] },
+      () =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(
+            LLM.request({
+              model: alibaba[api]("qwen3.8-max"),
+              prompt: "Find the current weather in Paris.",
+              providerOptions: api === "messages" ? { thinking: { type: "disabled" } } : { reasoningEffort: "none" },
+              tools: [
+                ToolDefinition.make({
+                  name: "get_weather",
+                  description: "Get weather in a city",
+                  inputSchema: {
+                    type: "object",
+                    properties: { city: { type: "string", enum: ["Paris"] } },
+                    required: ["city"],
+                  },
+                }),
+              ],
+              toolChoice: { type: "tool", name: "get_weather" },
+              generation: { maxTokens: 4096 },
+            }),
+          )
+          expect(response.toolCalls).toMatchObject([{ name: "get_weather", input: { city: "Paris" } }])
+          expect(response.finishReason.normalized).toBe(api === "messages" ? "stop" : "tool-calls")
+          if (api === "messages") expect(response.finishReason.raw).toBe("end_turn")
+        }),
+      120_000,
+    )
+  })
+}
+
+record("chat").effect.with(
+  "Qwen 3.8 Max returns a JSON object",
+  { tags: ["structured-output"] },
+  () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(
+        LLM.request({
+          model: alibaba.chat("qwen3.8-max"),
+          prompt: 'Return a JSON object with one key "city" set to the capital city of France.',
+          providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "none", responseFormat: { type: "json_object" } },
+          generation: { maxTokens: 1024 },
+        }),
+      )
+      expect(JSON.parse(response.text)).toEqual({ city: "Paris" })
+      expect(response.finishReason.normalized).toBe("stop")
+    }),
+  120_000,
+)
+
+record("messages").effect.with(
+  "Qwen 3.8 Max follows a JSON schema",
+  { tags: ["structured-output"] },
+  () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(
+        LLM.request({
+          model: alibaba.messages("qwen3.8-max"),
+          prompt: 'Return a JSON object with one key "city" set to the capital city of France.',
+          providerOptions: {
+            thinking: { type: "disabled" },
+            outputConfig: {
+              format: {
+                type: "json_schema",
+                schema: {
+                  type: "object",
+                  properties: { city: { type: "string" } },
+                  required: ["city"],
+                  additionalProperties: false,
+                },
+              },
+            },
+          },
+          generation: { maxTokens: 1024 },
+        }),
+      )
+      expect(JSON.parse(response.text)).toEqual({ city: "Paris" })
+      expect(response.finishReason.normalized).toBe("stop")
+    }),
+  120_000,
+)
+
+const responses = record("responses")
+responses.effect.with(
+  "Qwen 3.8 Max continues a stored response",
+  { tags: ["continuation", "storage"] },
+  () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const first = yield* LLMClient.generate(
+        LLM.request({
+          model: alibaba.responses("qwen3.8-max"),
+          prompt: "Remember the password word apricot. Reply OK.",
+          providerOptions: { store: true, reasoningEffort: "none" },
+          generation: { maxTokens: 1024 },
+        }),
+      )
+      const id = first.events.find(LLMEvent.is.finish)?.providerMetadata?.alibaba?.responseId
+      expect(id).toBeString()
+      if (typeof id !== "string") throw new Error("Missing Alibaba response ID")
+      const second = yield* LLMClient.generate(
+        LLM.request({
+          model: alibaba.responses("qwen3.8-max"),
+          prompt: "What word did I ask you to remember? Reply with only the word.",
+          providerOptions: { previousResponseId: id, store: true, reasoningEffort: "none" },
+          generation: { maxTokens: 1024 },
+        }),
+      )
+      expect(second.text.toLowerCase()).toContain("apricot")
+      expect(second.finishReason.normalized).toBe("stop")
+    }),
+  120_000,
+)
+
+responses.effect.with(
+  "Qwen 3.8 Max uses hosted web search and extraction",
+  { tags: ["hosted-tool", "web-search", "web-extractor"] },
+  () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const request = LLM.request({
+        model: alibaba.responses("qwen3.8-max"),
+        prompt:
+          "Use web search to find Alibaba Cloud Model Studio's official documentation, then use web_extractor to read the page. Give a brief summary with the source URL.",
+        tools: [Alibaba.webSearch(), Alibaba.webExtractor()],
+        providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "low", store: false },
+        generation: { maxTokens: 4096 },
+      })
+      const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(request)
+      expect(response.toolCalls).toEqual(
+        expect.arrayContaining([
+          expect.objectContaining({ name: "web_search", providerExecuted: true }),
+          expect.objectContaining({ name: "web_extractor", providerExecuted: true }),
+        ]),
+      )
+      expect(response.text.toLowerCase()).toContain("alibaba")
+      expect(response.events.some(LLMEvent.is.toolResult)).toBe(true)
+      const replay = yield* compileRequest(
+        LLMRequest.update(request, {
+          messages: [...request.messages, response.message, Message.user("Summarize in one sentence.")],
+        }),
+      )
+      expect(replay.body.input).toEqual(
+        expect.arrayContaining([
+          expect.objectContaining({ type: "web_search_call" }),
+          expect.objectContaining({ type: "web_extractor_call" }),
+        ]),
+      )
+    }),
+  180_000,
+)
+
+responses.effect.with(
+  "Qwen 3.8 Max uses hosted code interpreter",
+  { tags: ["hosted-tool", "code-interpreter"] },
+  () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(
+        LLM.request({
+          model: alibaba.responses("qwen3.8-max"),
+          prompt:
+            "Use the code interpreter to compute the SHA-256 hash of the UTF-8 string hello (no newline). Reply with only the hash.",
+          tools: [Alibaba.codeInterpreter()],
+          providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "low" },
+          generation: { maxTokens: 4096 },
+        }),
+      )
+      expect(response.toolCalls).toEqual(
+        expect.arrayContaining([expect.objectContaining({ name: "code_interpreter", providerExecuted: true })]),
+      )
+      expect(response.text).toContain("2cf24dba5fb0a30e26e83b2ac5b9e29e1b161e5c1fa7425e73043362938b9824")
+      expect(response.events.some(LLMEvent.is.toolResult)).toBe(true)
+    }),
+  180_000,
+)

packages/ai/test/provider/alibaba.recorded.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { LLM, LLMEvent, LLMRequest, Message, ToolDefinition, type LLMResponse } from "../../src/index.js"
+import { Alibaba } from "../../src/providers.js"
+import { LLMClient } from "../../src/route.js"
+import { compileRequest } from "../../src/route/client.js"
+import { recordedTests } from "../recorded-test.js"
+
+const alibaba = Alibaba.configure({ region: "ap-southeast-1", apiKey: process.env.ALIBABA_API_KEY ?? "fixture" })
+const weather = ToolDefinition.make({
+  name: "get_weather",
+  description: "Get the current weather in a city",
+  inputSchema: {
+    type: "object",
+    properties: { city: { type: "string", enum: ["Paris"] } },
+    required: ["city"],
+    additionalProperties: false,
+  },
+})
+
+for (const api of ["chat", "messages", "responses"] as const) {
+  const recorded = recordedTests({
+    prefix: `alibaba-${api}`,
+    provider: "alibaba",
+    protocol: `alibaba-${api}`,
+    requires: ["ALIBABA_API_KEY"],
+    tags: ["region:ap-southeast-1"],
+  })
+  describe(`Alibaba ${api}`, () => {
+    for (const effort of api === "messages"
+      ? [undefined, "low", "medium", "high", "xhigh", "max"]
+      : [undefined, "none", "minimal", "low", "medium", "high", "xhigh", "max"]) {
+      recorded.effect.with(
+        `Qwen 3.8 Max streams ${effort ?? "default"} effort`,
+        { tags: ["text", "reasoning", "usage"] },
+        () =>
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const request = LLM.request({
+              model: alibaba[api]("qwen3.8-max"),
+              prompt: "What is 173 multiplied by 219? Reply with only the final integer.",
+              providerOptions: api === "messages" ? { effort } : { reasoningEffort: effort },
+              generation: { maxTokens: 4096 },
+            })
+            const compiled = yield* compileRequest(request)
+            expect(compiled.body.enable_thinking).toBeUndefined()
+            expect(compiled.body.thinking).toBeUndefined()
+            expect(
+              api === "chat"
+                ? compiled.body.reasoning_effort
+                : api === "messages"
+                  ? compiled.body.output_config?.effort
+                  : compiled.body.reasoning?.effort,
+            ).toBe(effort)
+            const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(request)
+            expect(response.text.replaceAll(",", "")).toContain("37887")
+            expect(response.reasoning.length > 0).toBe(effort !== "none")
+            expect(response.finishReason.normalized).toBe("stop")
+            expectUsage(response)
+          }),
+        120_000,
+      )
+    }
+
+    recorded.effect.with(
+      "Qwen 3.8 Max replays reasoning through a tool loop and follow-up",
+      { tags: ["tool", "tool-loop", "reasoning", "continuation"] },
+      () =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const request = LLM.request({
+            model: alibaba[api]("qwen3.8-max"),
+            providerOptions:
+              api === "messages"
+                ? { effort: "medium" }
+                : api === "chat"
+                  ? { reasoningEffort: "medium", preserveThinking: true, toolStream: true }
+                  : { reasoningEffort: "medium", store: false },
+            prompt:
+              "We have a budget of 38000 dollars for 219 trips costing 173 dollars each. Calculate whether that is affordable. If it is, use get_weather to look up the current weather in Paris. After receiving the result, report the weather in one short sentence.",
+            tools: [weather],
+            generation: { maxTokens: 4096 },
+          })
+          const first = yield* LLMClient.generate(request)
+          expect(first.toolCalls).toMatchObject([{ name: "get_weather", input: { city: "Paris" } }])
+          expect(first.finishReason.normalized).toBe("tool-calls")
+          expect(first.reasoning.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+          expect(first.events.some(LLMEvent.is.toolInputDelta)).toBe(true)
+          expectUsage(first)
+          const continuation = LLMRequest.update(request, {
+            messages: [
+              ...request.messages,
+              first.message,
+              ...first.toolCalls.map((call) =>
+                Message.tool({ id: call.id, name: call.name, result: { condition: "sunny", temperature: "18C" } }),
+              ),
+            ],
+          })
+          expectReasoning(api, (yield* compileRequest(continuation)).body, first)
+          const second = yield* LLMClient.generate(continuation)
+          expect(second.text.toLowerCase()).toContain("sunny")
+          expect(second.toolCalls).toHaveLength(0)
+          expect(second.finishReason.normalized).toBe("stop")
+          expectUsage(second)
+          const followUp = LLMRequest.update(continuation, {
+            messages: [
+              ...continuation.messages,
+              second.message,
+              Message.user("What temperature did the tool report? Reply with only the temperature."),
+            ],
+          })
+          expectReasoning(api, (yield* compileRequest(followUp)).body, first)
+          const third = yield* LLMClient.generate(followUp)
+          expect(third.text).toContain("18")
+          expect(third.toolCalls).toHaveLength(0)
+          expect(third.finishReason.normalized).toBe("stop")
+          expectUsage(third)
+        }),
+      180_000,
+    )
+  })
+}
+
+function expectUsage(response: LLMResponse) {
+  expect(response.usage?.inputTokens).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+  expect(response.usage?.outputTokens).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+  expect(response.events.filter(LLMEvent.is.finish)).toHaveLength(1)
+}
+
+function expectReasoning(
+  api: "chat" | "messages" | "responses",
+  body: Readonly<Record<string, unknown>>,
+  response: LLMResponse,
+) {
+  if (api === "chat") {
+    expect(body.messages).toEqual(
+      expect.arrayContaining([expect.objectContaining({ role: "assistant", reasoning_content: response.reasoning })]),
+    )
+    return
+  }
+  for (const part of response.message.content.filter((part) => part.type === "reasoning")) {
+    if (api === "messages") {
+      expect(body.messages).toEqual(
+        expect.arrayContaining([
+          expect.objectContaining({
+            role: "assistant",
+            content: expect.arrayContaining([
+              { type: "thinking", thinking: part.text, signature: part.providerMetadata?.alibaba?.signature ?? "" },
+            ]),
+          }),
+        ]),
+      )
+      continue
+    }
+    expect(body.input).toEqual(
+      expect.arrayContaining([
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          type: "reasoning",
+          id: part.providerMetadata?.alibaba?.itemId,
+          summary: expect.arrayContaining([{ type: "summary_text", text: part.text }]),
+        }),
+      ]),
+    )
+  }
+}

packages/ai/test/provider/alibaba.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+import { expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { ConfigProvider, Effect } from "effect"
+import { Headers } from "effect/unstable/http"
+import { Auth, LLM, LLMClient, LLMRequest, Message, ReasoningPart, ToolDefinition } from "../../src/index.js"
+import { Alibaba } from "../../src/providers.js"
+import { compileRequest } from "../../src/route/client.js"
+import { Endpoint } from "../../src/route/endpoint.js"
+import { it } from "../lib/effect.js"
+import { dynamicResponse } from "../lib/http.js"
+import { sseEvents } from "../lib/sse.js"
+
+const tool = ToolDefinition.make({
+  name: "lookup",
+  description: "Look up a value",
+  inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: { key: { type: "string" } } },
+})
+const paths = {
+  chat: "/compatible-mode/v1/chat/completions",
+  messages: "/apps/anthropic/v1/messages",
+  responses: "/compatible-mode/v1/responses",
+}
+
+it.effect("Alibaba owns regional shared and workspace-specific endpoints", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    for (const region of [
+      "ap-southeast-1",
+      "cn-beijing",
+      "cn-hongkong",
+      "us-east-1",
+      "eu-central-1",
+      "ap-northeast-1",
+    ]) {
+      const provider = Alibaba.configure({ region, workspaceID: "llm-fixture", apiKey: "fixture" })
+      expect(provider.model).toBe(provider.chat)
+      for (const api of ["chat", "messages", "responses"] as const) {
+        const model = provider[api]("qwen-plus-us")
+        const request = LLM.request({ model, prompt: "Hello" })
+        const compiled = yield* compileRequest(request)
+        expect(Endpoint.render(model.route.endpoint, { request, body: compiled.body }).toString()).toBe(
+          `https://llm-fixture.${region}.maas.aliyuncs.com${paths[api]}`,
+        )
+        expect(model.provider).toBe("alibaba")
+        expect(model.route.id).toBe(`alibaba-${api}`)
+        expect(compiled.body.model).toBe("qwen-plus-us")
+        for (const field of [
+          "thinking",
+          "enable_thinking",
+          "thinking_budget",
+          "preserve_thinking",
+          "reasoning_effort",
+          "reasoning",
+          "output_config",
+          "store",
+          "tool_stream",
+        ])
+          expect(compiled.body[field]).toBeUndefined()
+      }
+    }
+    for (const [region, host] of [
+      ["ap-southeast-1", "dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com"],
+      ["cn-beijing", "dashscope.aliyuncs.com"],
+      ["cn-hongkong", "cn-hongkong.dashscope.aliyuncs.com"],
+      ["us-east-1", "dashscope-us.aliyuncs.com"],
+    ]) {
+      const provider = Alibaba.configure({ region, apiKey: "fixture" })
+      for (const api of ["chat", "messages", "responses"] as const) {
+        const request = LLM.request({ model: provider[api]("qwen3.8-max") })
+        const compiled = yield* compileRequest(request)
+        expect(Endpoint.render(request.model.route.endpoint, { request, body: compiled.body }).toString()).toBe(
+          `https://${host}${paths[api]}`,
+        )
+      }
+    }
+  }),
+)
+
+test("Alibaba requires explicit placement and supports complete base URL overrides", () => {
+  for (const region of ["eu-central-1", "ap-northeast-1", "future-region"])
+    expect(() => Alibaba.configure({ region })).toThrow("requires workspaceID or baseURL")
+  for (const config of [
+    { baseURL: "https://gateway.example/prefix" },
+    { region: "future-region", workspaceID: "ignored", baseURL: "https://gateway.example/prefix" },
+  ]) {
+    const provider = Alibaba.configure(config)
+    for (const api of ["chat", "messages", "responses"] as const)
+      expect(provider[api]("unchanged-id").route.endpoint.baseURL).toBe(config.baseURL)
+  }
+  expect(
+    Alibaba.configure({ region: "future-region", workspaceID: "llm-fixture" }).chat("new-model").route.endpoint.baseURL,
+  ).toBe("https://llm-fixture.future-region.maas.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1")
+})
+
+it.effect("Alibaba resolves explicit auth, API keys, and regional environment credentials", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    for (const item of [
+      {
+        config: {},
+        env: { DASHSCOPE_API_KEY: "primary", ALIBABA_API_KEY: "fallback" },
+        headers: { authorization: "Bearer primary" },
+      },
+      { config: {}, env: { ALIBABA_API_KEY: "fallback" }, headers: { authorization: "Bearer fallback" } },
+      {
+        config: { apiKey: "explicit" },
+        env: { DASHSCOPE_API_KEY: "primary" },
+        headers: { authorization: "Bearer explicit" },
+      },
+      {
+        config: { auth: Auth.header("x-custom-key", "custom") },
+        env: { DASHSCOPE_API_KEY: "primary" },
+        headers: { "x-custom-key": "custom" },
+      },
+    ]) {
+      const provider = Alibaba.configure({ region: "ap-southeast-1", ...item.config })
+      for (const api of ["chat", "messages", "responses"] as const) {
+        const request = LLM.request({ model: provider[api]("qwen3.8-max") })
+        const headers = yield* request.model.route.auth
+          .apply({ request, method: "POST", url: "https://fixture", body: "{}", headers: Headers.empty })
+          .pipe(Effect.provide(ConfigProvider.layer(ConfigProvider.fromEnv({ env: item.env }))))
+        expect(headers).toEqual(expect.objectContaining(item.headers))
+      }
+    }
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("Alibaba keeps native reasoning controls and future efforts on their selected API", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const provider = Alibaba.configure({ region: "ap-southeast-1", apiKey: "fixture" })
+    for (const effort of ["none", "minimal", "low", "medium", "high", "xhigh", "max", "future-effort"]) {
+      const chat = yield* compileRequest(
+        LLM.request({ model: provider.chat("qwen3.8-max"), providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: effort } }),
+      )
+      const messages = yield* compileRequest(
+        LLM.request({ model: provider.messages("qwen3.8-max"), providerOptions: { effort } }),
+      )
+      const responses = yield* compileRequest(
+        LLM.request({ model: provider.responses("qwen3.8-max"), providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: effort } }),
+      )
+      expect(chat.body.reasoning_effort).toBe(effort)
+      expect(messages.body.output_config).toEqual({ effort })
+      expect(responses.body.reasoning).toEqual({ effort })
+      for (const result of [chat, messages, responses]) {
+        expect(result.body.thinking).toBeUndefined()
+        expect(result.body.enable_thinking).toBeUndefined()
+      }
+    }
+    for (const enableThinking of [true, false]) {
+      const chat = yield* compileRequest(
+        LLM.request({
+          model: provider.chat("qwen3.7-plus"),
+          tools: [tool],
+          generation: { maxTokens: 1234, topK: 20 },
+          providerOptions: {
+            enableThinking,
+            thinkingBudget: 512,
+            preserveThinking: false,
+            clearThinking: false,
+            toolStream: false,
+            parallelToolCalls: false,
+            repetitionPenalty: 1.1,
+            responseFormat: { type: "json_object" },
+            enableSearch: true,
+            searchOptions: { forced_search: true, search_strategy: "future-strategy", enable_search_extension: false },
+          },
+        }),
+      )
+      expect(chat.body).toMatchObject({
+        enable_thinking: enableThinking,
+        thinking_budget: 512,
+        preserve_thinking: false,
+        clear_thinking: false,
+        tool_stream: false,
+        parallel_tool_calls: false,
+        repetition_penalty: 1.1,
+        max_completion_tokens: 1234,
+        top_k: 20,
+        response_format: { type: "json_object" },
+        enable_search: true,
+        search_options: { forced_search: true, search_strategy: "future-strategy", enable_search_extension: false },
+      })
+      expect(chat.body.max_tokens).toBeUndefined()
+      expect(chat.body.tools).toEqual([
+        expect.objectContaining({ function: expect.not.objectContaining({ strict: expect.anything() }) }),
+      ])
+      const responses = yield* compileRequest(
+        LLM.request({
+          model: provider.responses("qwen3.7-plus"),
+          providerOptions: { enableThinking, store: false, previousResponseId: "resp_previous" },
+        }),
+      )
+      expect(responses.body).toMatchObject({
+        enable_thinking: enableThinking,
+        store: false,
+        previous_response_id: "resp_previous",
+      })
+    }
+    for (const thinking of [
+      { type: "enabled" },
+      { type: "disabled" },
+      { type: "enabled", budgetTokens: 512 },
+      { type: "future", budget_tokens: 4096 },
+    ]) {
+      const messages = yield* compileRequest(
+        LLM.request({ model: provider.messages("qwen3.7-plus"), providerOptions: { thinking } }),
+      )
+      expect(messages.body.thinking).toEqual({
+        type: thinking.type,
+        budget_tokens: thinking.budgetTokens ?? thinking.budget_tokens,
+      })
+    }
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("Alibaba validates malformed options before execution", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const provider = Alibaba.configure({ region: "ap-southeast-1", apiKey: "fixture" })
+    for (const [api, providerOptions] of [
+      ["chat", { preserveThinking: "false" }],
+      ["messages", { thinking: { type: "enabled", budgetTokens: "512" } }],
+      ["responses", { enableThinking: "false" }],
+    ] as const) {
+      const model = provider[api]("qwen3.8-max").route.with({ providerOptions }).model({ id: "qwen3.8-max" })
+      const error = yield* compileRequest(LLM.request({ model })).pipe(Effect.flip)
+      expect(error.reason._tag).toBe("InvalidRequest")
+    }
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("Alibaba preserves unsigned and signed Messages thinking without a budget requirement", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const result = yield* compileRequest(
+      LLM.request({
+        model: Alibaba.configure({ region: "ap-southeast-1", apiKey: "fixture" }).messages("qwen3.8-max"),
+        providerOptions: { thinking: { type: "enabled" }, effort: "low" },
+        messages: [
+          Message.user("Hello"),
+          Message.assistant([
+            ReasoningPart.make({ type: "reasoning", text: "unsigned" }),
+            ReasoningPart.make({
+              type: "reasoning",
+              text: "signed",
+              providerMetadata: { alibaba: { signature: "opaque" } },
+            }),
+          ]),
+        ],
+      }),
+    )
+    expect(result.body.thinking).toEqual({ type: "enabled" })
+    expect(result.body.messages).toEqual(
+      expect.arrayContaining([
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          role: "assistant",
+          content: [
+            { type: "thinking", thinking: "unsigned", signature: "" },
+            { type: "thinking", thinking: "signed", signature: "opaque" },
+          ],
+        }),
+      ]),
+    )
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("Alibaba serializes Messages configuration, per-request controls, and final HTTP overlays", () =>
+  LLMClient.generate(
+    LLM.request({
+      model: Alibaba.configure({
+        baseURL: "https://gateway.example/v1",
+        apiKey: "fixture",
+        providerOptions: { thinking: { type: "enabled", budgetTokens: 512 }, effort: "high" },
+      }).messages("qwen3.8-max"),
+      prompt: "Hello",
+      providerOptions: { effort: "low" },
+      http: { body: { output_config: { effort: "medium" }, extension: true } },
+    }),
+  ).pipe(
+    Effect.provide(
+      dynamicResponse((input) =>
+        Effect.sync(() => {
+          expect(input.request.url).toBe("https://gateway.example/v1/messages")
+          expect(input.request.headers.authorization).toBe("Bearer fixture")
+          expect(input.request.headers["anthropic-version"]).toBe("2023-06-01")
+          expect(JSON.parse(input.text)).toMatchObject({
+            thinking: { type: "enabled", budget_tokens: 512 },
+            output_config: { effort: "medium" },
+            extension: true,
+          })
+          return input.respond(
+            sseEvents(
+              {
+                type: "message_start",
+                message: { id: "msg_fixture", content: [], usage: { input_tokens: 1, output_tokens: 0 } },
+              },
+              { type: "message_delta", delta: { stop_reason: "end_turn" }, usage: { output_tokens: 1 } },
+              { type: "message_stop" },
+            ),
+            { headers: { "content-type": "text/event-stream" } },
+          )
+        }),
+      ),
+    ),
+  ),
+)
+
+it.effect("Alibaba Responses lowers hosted tools and named selection using HTTP even with a WebSocket executor", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const request = LLM.request({
+      model: Alibaba.configure({ region: "ap-southeast-1", apiKey: "fixture" }).responses("qwen3.8-max"),
+      tools: [Alibaba.webSearch(), Alibaba.webExtractor(), Alibaba.codeInterpreter(), tool],
+      prompt: "Hello",
+    })
+    const compiled = yield* compileRequest(request)
+    expect(compiled.body.tools).toMatchObject([
+      { type: "web_search" },
+      { type: "web_extractor" },
+      { type: "code_interpreter" },
+      { type: "function", name: "lookup" },
+    ])
+    const named = yield* compileRequest(
+      LLMRequest.update(request, { tools: [tool], toolChoice: { type: "tool", name: "lookup" } }),
+    )
+    expect(named.body.tool_choice).toEqual({
+      type: "allowed_tools",
+      mode: "required",
+      tools: [{ type: "function", name: "lookup" }],
+    })
+    const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(request, {
+      webSocket: { execute: () => Effect.die("Unexpected WebSocket") },
+    })
+    expect(response.toolCalls).toMatchObject([
+      {
+        name: "web_extractor",
+        providerExecuted: true,
+        input: { urls: ["https://example.com"], goal: "Read the page" },
+      },
+    ])
+    const replay = yield* compileRequest(
+      LLMRequest.update(request, { messages: [...request.messages, response.message, Message.user("Continue")] }),
+    )
+    expect(replay.body.input).toEqual(
+      expect.arrayContaining([
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          type: "web_extractor_call",
+          id: "extract_1",
+          urls: ["https://example.com"],
+          goal: "Read the page",
+          result: { text: "fixture" },
+        }),
+      ]),
+    )
+  }).pipe(
+    Effect.provide(
+      dynamicResponse((input) =>
+        Effect.sync(() => {
+          expect(input.request.url).toBe("https://dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1/responses")
+          return input.respond(
+            sseEvents(
+              {
+                type: "response.output_item.done",
+                output_index: 0,
+                item: {
+                  type: "web_extractor_call",
+                  id: "extract_1",
+                  status: "completed",
+                  urls: ["https://example.com"],
+                  goal: "Read the page",
+                  result: { text: "fixture" },
+                },
+              },
+              { type: "response.completed", response: {} },
+            ),
+            { headers: { "content-type": "text/event-stream" } },
+          )
+        }),
+      ),
+    ),
+  ),
+)

packages/ai/test/provider/openai-responses.test.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
-import { ConfigProvider, Effect, Layer, Ref, Stream } from "effect"
+import { ConfigProvider, Effect, Layer, Ref, Schema, Stream } from "effect"
 import { Headers, HttpClientRequest } from "effect/unstable/http"
 import {
   LLM,
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import * as Azure from "../../src/providers/azure.js"
 import * as OpenAI from "../../src/providers/openai.js"
 import * as XAI from "../../src/providers/xai.js"
 import * as OpenAIResponses from "../../src/protocols/openai-responses.js"
+import { OpenResponses } from "../../src/protocols/open-responses.js"
 import { OpenResponsesContinuation } from "../../src/protocols/open-responses-continuation.js"
 import * as ProviderShared from "../../src/protocols/shared.js"
 import { continuationRequest, nativeOpenAIResponsesContinuation } from "../continuation-scenarios.js"
@@ -69,14 +70,34 @@ const baseChannelDriver = (message: string): WebSocketChannelDriver => ({
   },
 })
 
-const continuationDriver = (request: Readonly<Record<string, unknown>>) => {
+/** Classifies error frames the way the production channel does, so recovery can read the canonical reason. */
+const classifyingChannelDriver = (message: string): WebSocketChannelDriver => {
+  const base = baseChannelDriver(message)
+  const decodeEvent = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(OpenResponses.protocol.stream.event)
+  return {
+    ...base,
+    observe: (create, frame) =>
+      base.observe(create, frame).pipe(
+        Effect.map((observation) =>
+          observation.type === "provider-failure"
+            ? {
+                ...observation,
+                error: OpenResponses.providerFailure(decodeEvent(frame), "stream error", frame),
+              }
+            : observation,
+        ),
+      ),
+  }
+}
+
+const continuationDriver = (request: Readonly<Record<string, unknown>>, base = baseChannelDriver) => {
   const message = ProviderShared.encodeJson(request)
   return OpenResponsesContinuation.driver({
     id: "openai-responses",
     name: "OpenAI Responses",
     request,
     message,
-    base: baseChannelDriver(message),
+    base: base(message),
   })
 }
 
@@ -852,6 +873,53 @@ describe("OpenAI Responses route", () => {
     }),
   )
 
+  it.effect("retries an incremental send in full when the provider rejects it without a code", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const firstRequest = {
+        type: "response.create",
+        model: "gpt-5.2",
+        store: false,
+        input: [{ role: "user", content: [{ type: "input_text", text: "First" }] }],
+      }
+      const first = continuationDriver(firstRequest, classifyingChannelDriver)
+      const saved = checkpoint(
+        yield* first.observe(
+          yield* first.create(undefined),
+          ProviderShared.encodeJson({ type: "response.completed", response: { id: "resp_1" } }),
+        ),
+      )
+      const second = continuationDriver(
+        {
+          ...firstRequest,
+          input: [...firstRequest.input, { role: "user", content: [{ type: "input_text", text: "Second" }] }],
+        },
+        classifyingChannelDriver,
+      )
+      // Codex reports a stale previous_response_id as a plain invalid_request_error.
+      const stale = ProviderShared.encodeJson({
+        type: "error",
+        error: { type: "invalid_request_error", message: "Invalid `previous_response_id`." },
+      })
+      const incremental = yield* second.create(saved)
+      expect(incremental.mode).toBe("incremental")
+      expect(yield* second.observe(incremental, stale)).toMatchObject({ type: "rejected", recovery: "retry-full" })
+
+      // A full send has no continuation to blame, so the same error stays a provider failure.
+      const full = yield* second.create(undefined)
+      expect(yield* second.observe(full, stale)).toMatchObject({ type: "provider-failure" })
+
+      // A classified failure keeps its runner-owned recovery instead of resending the whole context.
+      const overflow = ProviderShared.encodeJson({
+        type: "error",
+        error: { type: "invalid_request_error", code: "context_length_exceeded", message: "Too long" },
+      })
+      expect(yield* second.observe(yield* second.create(saved), overflow)).toMatchObject({
+        type: "provider-failure",
+        error: { reason: { _tag: "InvalidRequest", classification: "context-overflow" } },
+      })
+    }),
+  )
+
   it.effect("builds WebSocket and HTTP fallback from the same final request", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const attempts = yield* Ref.make(0)

packages/app/component-tests/ssh-reconnect.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import { expect, story } from "../../storybook/playwright/story"
+
+story("settings menu reconnect retains its prompt handler across server updates", async ({ mount, page }) => {
+  const component = await mount("app-dialog-ssh--settings-reconnect")
+  await component.getByRole("button", { name: "More options" }).click()
+  await page.getByRole("menuitem", { name: "Connect", exact: true }).click()
+  const dialog = page.getByRole("dialog")
+  await expect(dialog.getByRole("textbox")).toBeVisible()
+  await dialog.getByRole("textbox").fill("fixture-password")
+  await dialog.getByRole("button", { name: "Continue" }).click()
+  await expect(dialog.getByRole("textbox", { name: "Verification code:" })).toBeVisible()
+  await dialog.getByRole("textbox").fill("123456")
+  await dialog.getByRole("button", { name: "Continue" }).click()
+  await expect(dialog).toHaveCount(0)
+  await expect(component.getByRole("button", { name: "Authenticate", exact: true })).toHaveCount(0)
+})
+
+story("cancelling a version mismatch permits reconnecting again", async ({ mount, page }) => {
+  const component = await mount("app-dialog-ssh--incompatible-session")
+  await component.getByRole("button", { name: "Reconnect", exact: true }).click()
+  const dialog = page.getByRole("dialog")
+  await expect(dialog.getByRole("alert")).toBeVisible()
+  await dialog.getByRole("button", { name: "Cancel", exact: true }).click()
+  await expect(dialog).toHaveCount(0)
+  await component.getByRole("button", { name: "Reconnect", exact: true }).click()
+  await expect(dialog.getByRole("alert")).toBeVisible()
+  await dialog.getByRole("button", { name: "Cancel", exact: true }).click()
+  await expect(dialog).toHaveCount(0)
+})
+
+story("adding a server keeps all SSH challenges in the original connection dialog", async ({ mount, page }) => {
+  await mount("app-dialog-ssh--host")
+  const dialog = page.getByRole("dialog")
+  await dialog.getByRole("textbox", { name: "Host or SSH command" }).fill("ssh devbox")
+  await dialog.getByRole("button", { name: "Add server", exact: true }).click()
+  await expect(dialog).toHaveCount(1)
+  await expect(dialog.getByRole("button", { name: "Cancel", exact: true })).toBeFocused()
+  await dialog.getByRole("button", { name: "Trust and connect" }).click()
+  await dialog.getByRole("textbox").fill("fixture-password")
+  await dialog.getByRole("button", { name: "Continue", exact: true }).click()
+  await dialog.getByRole("textbox", { name: "Verification code:" }).fill("123456")
+  await dialog.getByRole("button", { name: "Continue", exact: true }).click()
+  await expect(dialog).toHaveCount(0)
+})
+
+story("updating an incompatible connection continues authentication in the same dialog", async ({ mount, page }) => {
+  const component = await mount("app-dialog-ssh--incompatible-session")
+  await component.getByRole("button", { name: "Reconnect", exact: true }).click()
+  const dialog = page.getByRole("dialog")
+  await dialog.getByRole("button", { name: "Update and reconnect", exact: true }).click()
+  await expect(dialog).toHaveCount(1)
+  await dialog.getByRole("textbox").fill("fixture-password")
+  await dialog.getByRole("button", { name: "Continue", exact: true }).click()
+  await dialog.getByRole("textbox", { name: "Verification code:" }).fill("123456")
+  await dialog.getByRole("button", { name: "Continue", exact: true }).click()
+  await expect(dialog).toHaveCount(0)
+  await expect(component.getByText("Session connected")).toBeVisible()
+})
+
+story("key-based reconnect completes without opening an authentication dialog", async ({ mount, page }) => {
+  const component = await mount("app-dialog-ssh--key-reconnect")
+  await component.getByRole("button", { name: "Reconnect", exact: true }).click()
+  await expect(component.getByRole("button", { name: "Connecting to SSH server" })).toBeDisabled()
+  await expect(page.getByRole("dialog")).toHaveCount(0)
+  await expect(component.getByText("Session connected")).toBeVisible()
+  await expect(page.getByRole("dialog")).toHaveCount(0)
+})

packages/app/e2e/regression/review-state-persistence.spec.ts

@@ -39,6 +39,51 @@ test("restores review mode and selected file per session", async ({ page }) => {
   await expectSelectedFile(page, "gamma.ts")
 })
 
+for (const tab of ["Context", "Open file", "README.md"]) {
+  test(`restores the selected ${tab} pane tab after switching sessions and reloading`, async ({ page }) => {
+    await setup(page)
+    await page.goto(sessionHref(sessionA))
+    await expectSessionTitle(page, titleA)
+    await page.getByRole("button", { name: "Toggle review" }).click()
+
+    const panel = page.locator("#review-panel")
+    if (tab === "Context") await page.getByRole("button", { name: "View context usage" }).click()
+    if (tab !== "Context") await panel.getByRole("button", { name: "Open file" }).click()
+    if (tab === "README.md") await panel.getByRole("button", { name: "README.md" }).click()
+    await expect(panel.getByRole("tab", { name: tab, selected: true })).toBeVisible()
+
+    await switchSession(page, titleB)
+    await page.getByRole("button", { name: "Toggle review" }).click()
+    await expect(panel.locator("#session-side-panel-review-tab")).toHaveAttribute("aria-selected", "true")
+
+    await switchSession(page, titleA)
+    await expect(panel.getByRole("tab", { name: tab, selected: true })).toBeVisible()
+
+    await page.reload()
+    await expectSessionTitle(page, titleA)
+    await expect(panel.getByRole("tab", { name: tab, selected: true })).toBeVisible()
+
+    const selected = panel.getByRole("tab", { name: tab })
+    const review = panel.locator("#session-side-panel-review-tab")
+    await selected.press("Home")
+    await expect(review).toHaveAttribute("aria-selected", "true")
+    await review.press("End")
+    await expect(selected).toHaveAttribute("aria-selected", "true")
+    await review.click()
+    await expect(review).toHaveAttribute("aria-selected", "true")
+    await selected.click()
+    await expect(selected).toHaveAttribute("aria-selected", "true")
+
+    await switchSession(page, titleB)
+    await expect(review).toHaveAttribute("aria-selected", "true")
+    await switchSession(page, titleA)
+    await expect(selected).toHaveAttribute("aria-selected", "true")
+    await selected.press("Control+w")
+    await expect(selected).toHaveCount(0)
+    await expect(review).toHaveAttribute("aria-selected", "true")
+  })
+}
+
 async function selectFile(page: Page, file: string) {
   await page.getByRole("button", { name: file }).click()
   await expectSelectedFile(page, file)
@@ -76,6 +121,10 @@ async function setup(page: Page) {
       default: { providerID: "opencode", modelID: "test" },
     },
     sessions: [session(sessionA, titleA, 1700000000000), session(sessionB, titleB, 1700000001000)],
+    fileList: () => [
+      { name: "README.md", path: "README.md", absolute: `${directory}/README.md`, type: "file", ignored: false },
+    ],
+    fileContent: (path) => ({ type: "text", content: `contents:${path}` }),
     pageMessages: () => ({ items: [] }),
   })
   await page.route(/\/api\/vcs(?:\?.*)?$/, (route) =>

packages/app/e2e/regression/review-toggle-position.spec.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { base64Encode } from "@opencode/util/encode"
-import { expect, test, type Locator } from "@playwright/test"
+import { expect, test, type Locator, type Page } from "@playwright/test"
 import { mockOpenCodeServer } from "../utils/mock-server"
 import { expectSessionTitle } from "../utils/waits"
 
@@ -85,6 +85,38 @@ for (const width of [1000, 1440]) {
       await expect.poll(() => toggle.boundingBox()).toEqual(closed)
     })
 
+    test(`keeps moving header content out of the toggle area (${width}px, ${direction})`, async ({ page }) => {
+      await page.setViewportSize({ width, height: 900 })
+      await page.goto(`/server/${base64Encode(server)}/session/${sessionID}`)
+      await expectSessionTitle(page, "Review toggle position")
+      await page.locator("html").evaluate((element, dir) => element.setAttribute("dir", dir), direction)
+
+      const toggle = page.getByRole("button", { name: "Toggle review", exact: true })
+      await expect(toggle).toHaveAttribute("aria-expanded", "false")
+      for (const opened of [true, false]) {
+        // Pause in the same task as the click so even the first painted state can be inspected.
+        await toggle.evaluate((element) => {
+          ;(element as HTMLButtonElement).click()
+          document
+            .getAnimations()
+            .filter((animation) => animation.timeline instanceof DocumentTimeline)
+            .forEach((animation) => animation.pause())
+        })
+        await expect(toggle).toHaveAttribute("aria-expanded", String(opened))
+        await expect(page.locator("#review-panel")).toHaveAttribute("aria-hidden", String(!opened))
+        for (const progress of [0.08, 0.16, 0.25, 0.5, 0.8, 0.96]) {
+          await expectHeaderClearOfToggle(page, toggle, progress)
+        }
+        await page.evaluate(() => {
+          document
+            .getAnimations()
+            .filter((animation) => animation.timeline instanceof DocumentTimeline)
+            .forEach((animation) => animation.finish())
+        })
+      }
+      await expect(page.locator("#review-panel")).toBeHidden()
+    })
+
     test(`keeps terminal controls clear of the review toggle (${width}px, ${direction})`, async ({ page }) => {
       await page.setViewportSize({ width, height: 900 })
       const ptys: { id: string; title: string }[] = []
@@ -166,10 +198,84 @@ for (const width of [1000, 1440]) {
       await expect(toggle).toBeFocused()
       await expect.poll(() => toggle.boundingBox()).toEqual(position)
       await expectTerminalControlsAligned(terminal, toggle)
+
+      // Closing the terminal clears the region's animation flag while retaining the review contents.
+      await page.keyboard.press("Control+Backquote")
+      await expect(terminal).toBeHidden()
+      await expect
+        .poll(() =>
+          page
+            .locator('[data-slot="session-chat-panel"]')
+            .evaluate((element) => element.getAnimations().every((animation) => animation.playState === "finished")),
+        )
+        .toBe(true)
+      await expect(page.locator('[data-slot="session-review-content"]')).toHaveCSS("opacity", "0")
+      await toggle.evaluate((element) => {
+        ;(element as HTMLButtonElement).click()
+        document
+          .getAnimations()
+          .filter((animation) => animation.timeline instanceof DocumentTimeline)
+          .forEach((animation) => animation.pause())
+      })
+      await expect(toggle).toHaveAttribute("aria-expanded", "true")
+      await expectHeaderClearOfToggle(page, toggle, 0.25)
     })
   }
 }
 
+async function expectHeaderClearOfToggle(page: Page, toggle: Locator, progress: number) {
+  const geometry = await page.locator('[data-slot="session-chat-panel"]').evaluate((chat, progress) => {
+    const row = chat.parentElement!
+    const animations = row
+      .getAnimations({ subtree: true })
+      .filter((animation) => animation.timeline instanceof DocumentTimeline)
+    const width = animations.find(
+      (animation) => animation instanceof CSSTransition && animation.transitionProperty === "width",
+    )!
+    animations.forEach((animation) => {
+      animation.pause()
+      animation.currentTime = Number(width.effect!.getTiming().duration) * progress
+    })
+    const chatBounds = chat.getBoundingClientRect()
+    const panelBounds = document.querySelector("#review-panel")!.getBoundingClientRect()
+    const summaryBounds = document
+      .querySelector('[data-session-title] button[aria-label="Session details"]')!
+      .getBoundingClientRect()
+    return {
+      row: row.getBoundingClientRect().width,
+      panelWidth: panelBounds.width,
+      timelineControlInset:
+        getComputedStyle(row).direction === "rtl"
+          ? summaryBounds.left - chatBounds.left
+          : chatBounds.right - summaryBounds.right,
+      gap:
+        getComputedStyle(row).direction === "rtl"
+          ? chatBounds.left - panelBounds.right
+          : panelBounds.left - chatBounds.right,
+      contentOpacity: Number(getComputedStyle(document.querySelector('[data-slot="session-review-content"]')!).opacity),
+      panels: chatBounds.width + panelBounds.width + parseFloat(getComputedStyle(row).columnGap),
+    }
+  }, progress)
+  expect(geometry.gap).toBeCloseTo(8, 1)
+  // Reserve the fixed toggle's 28px width, the 8px control gap, and the 12px header inset.
+  expect(geometry.timelineControlInset).toBeCloseTo(48, 1)
+  if (geometry.panelWidth > 0) expect(Math.abs(geometry.row - geometry.panels)).toBeLessThanOrEqual(1)
+  if (progress === 0.25) {
+    expect(geometry.contentOpacity).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+    expect(geometry.contentOpacity).toBeLessThan(1)
+  }
+
+  const clip = await toggle.boundingBox()
+  if (!clip) throw new Error("Review toggle bounds are unavailable")
+  // Header contents must make no difference to the pixels behind the fixed toggle.
+  expect(await page.screenshot({ clip })).toEqual(
+    await page.screenshot({
+      clip,
+      style: ".session-review-v2-tabs-bar { visibility: hidden !important; }",
+    }),
+  )
+}
+
 async function expectTerminalControlsAligned(terminal: Locator, toggle: Locator) {
   await expect
     .poll(async () => {

packages/app/e2e/regression/session-panel-scrollbar.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { expect, test } from "@playwright/test"
+import { setupTimeline } from "../performance/timeline-stability/fixture"
+
+for (const reducedMotion of [false, true]) {
+  test(`suppresses the scrollbar from toggle press until timeline interaction (reduced motion: ${reducedMotion})`, async ({
+    page,
+  }) => {
+    await setupTimeline(page, { seedHistory: true, reducedMotion })
+    const chat = page.locator('[data-slot="session-chat-panel"]')
+    const scroll = page.locator('[data-slot="session-timeline-scroll"]')
+    const viewport = scroll.locator(".scroll-view__viewport")
+    const thumb = scroll.locator('.scroll-view__thumb[data-orientation="vertical"]')
+    const toggle = page.getByRole("button", { name: "Toggle review", exact: true })
+    await expect(thumb).toHaveCount(1)
+    await scroll.hover()
+    await expect(thumb).toHaveAttribute("data-visible", "true")
+    await expect(thumb).toHaveCSS("visibility", "visible")
+
+    for (const opened of [true, false]) {
+      await toggle.hover()
+      await page.mouse.down()
+      await expect(thumb).toHaveCSS("visibility", "hidden")
+      await page.mouse.up()
+      await expect(toggle).toHaveAttribute("aria-expanded", String(opened))
+      await chat.evaluate(async (element) => {
+        await Promise.all(element.getAnimations().map((animation) => animation.finished))
+      })
+      await expect(chat).toHaveAttribute("data-width-animating", "false")
+      await expect(thumb).toHaveCSS("visibility", "hidden")
+      // Late scroll anchoring must not bring the thumb back after the panel has settled.
+      await viewport.evaluate(
+        (element) =>
+          new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+            element.addEventListener("scroll", () => resolve(), { once: true })
+            element.scrollTop += element.scrollTop > 0 ? -1 : 1
+          }),
+      )
+      await expect(thumb).toHaveCSS("visibility", "hidden")
+      await scroll.hover()
+      await expect(thumb).toHaveAttribute("data-visible", "true")
+      await expect(thumb).toHaveCSS("visibility", "visible")
+    }
+  })
+}

packages/app/e2e/regression/session-queue.spec.ts

@@ -308,8 +308,8 @@ for (const delivery of ["steer", "queue"] as const) {
     })
     const tools = page.locator('[data-timeline-part-ids="tool_queue_read,tool_queue_grep"]')
     await expect(tools).toBeVisible()
-    await expect(tools).toHaveText(/^Used\s*1 Read, 1 Grep$/)
-    await expect(tools.locator('[data-slot="basic-tool-tool-title"]')).toHaveText("1 Read, 1 Grep")
+    await expect(tools).toHaveText(/^Used\s*2\s*Read, Grep$/)
+    await expect(tools.locator('[data-slot="basic-tool-tool-title"]')).toHaveText("Read, Grep")
     await expect(thinking).toHaveCount(0)
     await expect(pending).toBeVisible()
     expect(mock.rows.map((row) => ({ id: row.id, delivery: row.delivery }))).toEqual([
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ for (const delivery of ["steer", "queue"] as const) {
     await transcript.screenshot({ path: testInfo.outputPath("pending-steer.png") })
 
     // Soft assertions let delivery run too, even when the pending ordering regresses.
-    await expect.soft(tools.or(pending)).toHaveText([/^Used\s*1 Read, 1 Grep$/, /U2: Also check the retry path\./])
+    await expect.soft(tools.or(pending)).toHaveText([/^Used\s*2\s*Read, Grep$/, /U2: Also check the retry path\./])
     await expect
       .soft(transcript.locator('[data-timeline-row="AssistantPart"]').filter({ has: tools }))
       .toHaveAttribute("data-message-id", userID)
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ for (const delivery of ["steer", "queue"] as const) {
     await expect(response).toHaveAttribute("data-message-id", inboxID)
     await expect(thinking).toHaveCount(0)
     await expect(tools.or(pending).or(response)).toHaveText([
-      /^Used\s*1 Read, 1 Grep$/,
+      /^Used\s*2\s*Read, Grep$/,
       /U2: Also check the retry path\./,
       /A3: Now checking the retry path for U2\./,
     ])

packages/app/e2e/regression/session-timeline-collapse-state.spec.ts

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ test.describe("regression: session timeline local row state", () => {
       const id = `prt_patch_${count}`
       events.push(...toolEvents({ ...part, id, callID: id }))
       await expect(summary).toHaveAccessibleName(`Used ${count} Patch`)
-      await expect(summary.locator('[data-slot="basic-tool-tool-title"]')).toHaveText(`${count} Patch`)
+      await expect(summary.locator('[data-slot="basic-tool-tool-title"]')).toHaveText("Patch")
       await expect(group).toHaveAttribute("data-timeline-part-ids", new RegExp(`${id}$`))
       await expect(trigger).toHaveAttribute("aria-expanded", String(count === 2))
       await expect(summary).toHaveAttribute("aria-expanded", "true")

packages/app/e2e/regression/session-timeline-context-resize.spec.ts

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ test.describe("regression: session timeline context group resize", () => {
     await devtools.send("Emulation.setCPUThrottlingRate", { rate: 4 })
     const context = page.locator(`[data-timeline-part-ids="${contextIDs.join(",")}"]`).first()
     await expectAppVisible(context)
-    await expect(context.getByRole("button")).toHaveAccessibleName("Used 1 Read, 1 Glob, 1 Grep, 1 List")
+    await expect(context.getByRole("button")).toHaveAccessibleName("Used 4 Read, Glob, Grep, List")
 
     const contextSelector = `[data-timeline-part-ids="${contextIDs.join(",")}"]`
     const regions = defineVisualRegions({
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ test.describe("regression: session timeline context group resize", () => {
       await page.waitForTimeout(delay)
     }
 
-    await expect(context.getByRole("button")).toHaveAccessibleName("Used 1 Read, 1 Glob, 1 Grep, 1 List")
+    await expect(context.getByRole("button")).toHaveAccessibleName("Used 4 Read, Glob, Grep, List")
     await page.waitForTimeout(700)
     const trace = await stopVisualProbe<keyof typeof regions>(page)
     const labels = trace.samples
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ test.describe("regression: session timeline context group resize", () => {
       ]),
     )
 
-    expect(labels).toEqual(["Used 1 Read, 1 Glob, 1 Grep, 1 List"])
+    expect(labels).toEqual(["Used 4 Read, Glob, Grep, List"])
     expect(issues, JSON.stringify(trace.samples, null, 2)).toEqual([])
   })
 })

packages/app/e2e/regression/session-timeline-locale-projection.spec.ts

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ for (const locale of ["de", "ar"] as const) {
     })
 
     const group = page.locator(`[data-timeline-part-ids="${ids.join(",")}"]`)
-    const names = locale === "de" ? "1 Lesen, 1 Glob" : "1 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629, 1 Glob"
-    await expect(group.getByRole("button")).toHaveAccessibleName(`Used ${names}`)
+    const names = locale === "de" ? "Lesen, Glob" : "\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629, Glob"
+    await expect(group.getByRole("button")).toHaveAccessibleName(`Used 2 ${names}`)
     await expect(group.locator('[data-slot="basic-tool-tool-title"]')).toHaveText(names)
     await expect(page.locator("html")).toHaveAttribute("lang", locale)
   })

packages/app/e2e/regression/session-timeline-notices.spec.ts

@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ test("separates blocking and already-backgrounded work into two rows", async ({
   const used = page
     .locator('[data-timeline-part-ids="call_backgrounded,call_shell_backgrounded,call_blocking"]')
     .locator(':scope > [data-component="collapsible"] > [data-slot="collapsible-trigger"]')
-  await expect(used).toHaveText(/^Used\s*2 Agent, 1 Shell$/)
+  await expect(used).toHaveText(/^Used\s*3\s*Agent, Shell$/)
   await expect(used).toHaveAttribute("aria-expanded", "false")
   await used.click()
   await expect(used).toHaveAttribute("aria-expanded", "true")

packages/app/e2e/regression/session-timeline-reducer-projection.spec.ts

@@ -45,10 +45,10 @@ test("expands a mixed collapsed tool stack without expanding its individual call
   const group = page.locator(
     '[data-timeline-part-ids="prt_stack_shell_1,prt_stack_explore,prt_stack_patch,prt_stack_shell_2"]',
   )
-  const summary = group.getByRole("button", { name: "Used 2 Shell, 1 Agent, 1 Patch", exact: true })
+  const summary = group.getByRole("button", { name: "Used 4 Shell, Agent, Patch", exact: true })
   await expect(summary).toHaveAttribute("aria-expanded", "false")
   await expect(summary).toHaveCSS("height", "28px")
-  await expect(summary.locator('[data-slot="basic-tool-tool-title"]')).toHaveText("2 Shell, 1 Agent, 1 Patch")
+  await expect(summary.locator('[data-slot="basic-tool-tool-title"]')).toHaveText("Shell, Agent, Patch")
   await expect(summary.locator('[data-component="tag"]')).toHaveCount(0)
   await summary.click()
   await expect(summary).toHaveAttribute("aria-expanded", "true")
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ test("leaves tools expanded by settings outside the collapsed stack", async ({ p
 
   await expect(page.locator('[data-timeline-part-id="prt_expanded_shell"]')).toBeVisible()
   const group = page.locator('[data-timeline-part-ids="prt_collapsed_patch,prt_collapsed_read"]')
-  await expect(group.getByRole("button", { name: "Used 1 Patch, 1 Read", exact: true })).toBeVisible()
-  await expect(group.locator('[data-slot="basic-tool-tool-title"]')).toHaveText("1 Patch, 1 Read")
+  await expect(group.getByRole("button", { name: "Used 2 Patch, Read", exact: true })).toBeVisible()
+  await expect(group.locator('[data-slot="basic-tool-tool-title"]')).toHaveText("Patch, Read")
   await expect(page.locator('[data-timeline-spacing="tool"]')).toHaveCSS("padding-top", "8px")
 })
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ test("combines follow-up patches into one three-file stack inside Used", async (
     ],
   })
   const group = page.locator('[data-component="collapsed-tool-group"]')
-  await group.getByRole("button", { name: "Used 1 Shell, 1 Patch", exact: true }).click()
+  await group.getByRole("button", { name: "Used 2 Shell, Patch", exact: true }).click()
   await expect(group.getByText("2 files", { exact: true })).toBeVisible()
   await timeline.send(
     partUpdated(
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ test("combines follow-up patches into one three-file stack inside Used", async (
       ),
     ),
   )
-  await expect(group.getByRole("button", { name: "Used 1 Shell, 2 Patch", exact: true })).toHaveAttribute(
+  await expect(group.getByRole("button", { name: "Used 3 Shell, Patch", exact: true })).toHaveAttribute(
     "aria-expanded",
     "true",
   )
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ test("keeps failed search calls and their error cards inside the collapsed stack
   await setupTimeline(page, { messages: [userMessage(), assistantMessage(parts)] })
 
   const group = page.locator('[data-component="collapsed-tool-group"]')
-  const summary = group.getByRole("button", { name: "Used 1 Glob, 1 Grep", exact: true })
+  const summary = group.getByRole("button", { name: "Used 2 Glob, Grep", exact: true })
   await expect(summary).toHaveAttribute("aria-expanded", "false")
   await summary.click()
   await expect(group.locator('[data-kind="tool-error-card"]')).toHaveCount(2)

packages/app/e2e/user-story/model-selection-flow.spec.ts

@@ -99,13 +99,16 @@ test("creates a session in a new project and selects its model", async ({ page }
   const modelControl = page.locator('[data-action="composer-model"]')
   await expect(modelControl).toContainText("Go Model 1")
   await modelControl.click()
-  await page.locator('[data-option-key="opencode:free-model"]').click()
+  const modelSearch = page.getByPlaceholder("Search models", { exact: true })
+  await expect(modelSearch).toBeFocused()
+  await modelSearch.press("ArrowDown")
+  await modelSearch.press("Enter")
   await expect(modelControl).toContainText("Free Model")
 
   await modelControl.click()
-  const goModel = page.locator('[data-option-key="opencode-go:go-model-1"]')
-  await expect(goModel).toBeVisible()
-  await goModel.click()
+  await expect(modelSearch).toBeFocused()
+  await modelSearch.press("ArrowUp")
+  await modelSearch.press("Enter")
 
   await expect(modelControl).toContainText("Go Model 1")
 })

packages/app/package.json

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
     "./i18n/desktop-native": "./src/runtime/i18n/desktop-native.ts",
     "./updater": "./src/shell/updates/types.ts",
     "./wsl/types": "./src/servers/wsl/types.ts",
+    "./ssh": "./src/servers/ssh/types.ts",
     "./vite": "./vite.js",
     "./index.css": "./src/index.css"
   },

packages/app/src/app.tsx

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ import { ServerConnection, ServersProvider } from "@/runtime/server/registry"
 import { SettingsProvider } from "@/settings/model"
 import { TabsProvider } from "@/shell/tabs/tabs"
 import { WslServersProvider } from "@/servers/wsl/context"
+import { SshProvider } from "@/servers/ssh/context"
+import { SshRestore } from "@/servers/ssh/restore"
 import { ErrorPage } from "@/shell/errors/error"
 import { AppRoutes, File, preloadRoute } from "@/shell/routes/routes"
 
@@ -81,7 +83,9 @@ export function AppBaseProviders(
               <QueryProvider>
                 <WslServersProvider>
                   <DialogProvider>
-                    <FileComponentProvider component={File}>{props.children}</FileComponentProvider>
+                    <SshProvider>
+                      <FileComponentProvider component={File}>{props.children}</FileComponentProvider>
+                    </SshProvider>
                   </DialogProvider>
                 </WslServersProvider>
               </QueryProvider>
@@ -109,6 +113,7 @@ export function AppInterface(props: {
         <BodyTypography />
         <CommandProvider>
           <DesktopCommands />
+          <SshRestore />
           <HighlightsProvider>
             {props.children}
             {rootProps.children}

packages/app/src/composer/editor/editor.tsx

@@ -841,8 +841,8 @@ export function ComposerEditorSubmitButton(props: {
         disabled={!props.stopping && props.disabled}
         tabIndex={props.mode === "normal" ? undefined : -1}
         icon={<Icon name={props.stopping ? "stop" : props.mode === "shell" ? "arrow-undo-down" : "arrow-up"} />}
-        variant="contrast"
-        class="size-7 rounded-md p-[6px] disabled:opacity-50"
+        variant="submit"
+        class="size-7 rounded-md p-[6px]"
         aria-label={props.stopping ? props.stopLabel : props.sendLabel}
         onClick={(event) => {
           event.preventDefault()

packages/app/src/composer/editor/interaction.ts

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ export type ComposerEditorView = {
   agent?: ComposerSelectControl
   variant?: ComposerSelectControl
   submit: {
+    available?: Accessor<boolean>
     stopping: Accessor<boolean>
     working?: Accessor<boolean>
     queue?: ComposerQueue
@@ -333,6 +334,7 @@ export function createComposerEditor(input: {
       draft.removeAttachment(id)
     },
     canSubmit() {
+      if (input.view.submit.available?.() === false) return false
       if (input.view.draftOnly) return false
       const persisted = draft.state
       if (state.mode === "shell") {
@@ -365,6 +367,7 @@ export function createComposerEditor(input: {
       dispatch({ type: "mode.shell" })
     },
     submit(options?: { alternate?: boolean }) {
+      if (input.view.submit.available?.() === false) return
       if (input.view.draftOnly) return
       input.view.submit.onSubmit(options)
       dispatch({ type: "popover.close" })

packages/app/src/composer/model.ts

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { useLanguage } from "@/runtime/i18n/language"
 import { useLayout } from "@/shell/state/layout"
 import { usePlatform } from "@/runtime/platform/platform"
 import { useWorkspaceLocation } from "@/workspaces/location"
-import { useData } from "@/runtime/server/current"
+import { useData, useServer } from "@/runtime/server/current"
 import { createSessionTabs } from "@/session/helpers"
 import { showToast } from "@/shell/notifications/toast"
 import { formatServerError } from "@/runtime/server/errors"
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ export type ComposerModel = ComposerEditorModel & {
 export function createComposerModel(adapter: ComposerAdapter, options?: { queue?: ComposerQueue }): ComposerModel {
   const sdk = useWorkspaceLocation()
   const data = useData()
+  const server = useServer()
+  const available = () => server.conn.type !== "ssh" || server.ctx.sdk.connection.status() === "connected"
   const files = useFile()
   const layout = useLayout()
   const comments = useComments()
@@ -394,10 +396,12 @@ export function createComposerModel(adapter: ComposerAdapter, options?: { queue?
         keybind: () => command.keybindParts("model.variant.cycle"),
       },
       submit: {
+        available,
         stopping,
         working: adapter.working,
         queue: options?.queue,
         onSubmit: (submitOptions) => {
+          if (!available()) return
           const queue = options?.queue
           // Confirming an edit re-admits the queued prompt instead of sending
           // the composer value as a new prompt. Enter keeps it queued in

packages/app/src/desktop.ts

@@ -20,4 +20,5 @@ export { createDraftStore } from "./runtime/persistence/drafts"
 export { createNamespaceStorage, type NamespaceStorage } from "./runtime/persistence/namespace"
 export { flushPersisted } from "./runtime/persistence/persist"
 export { useWslServers } from "./servers/wsl/context"
+export { useSsh } from "./servers/ssh/context"
 export { type UpdaterPlatform, type UpdaterState } from "./shell/updates/types"

packages/app/src/home/projects/controller.tsx

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
 import type { HomeController } from "../model"
 import { useGlobal } from "@/runtime/server/runtime"
 import { SessionTransfer } from "@opencode/schema/session-transfer"
+import { useSshAuthenticate } from "@/servers/ssh/authenticate"
 
 export const HomeServersSchema = Schema.Struct({
   collapsed: Persistence.record(Persistence.fallback(Schema.Boolean, () => false)),
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ export function createHomeProjectsController(home: HomeController) {
   const openSettings = useSettingsCommand()
   const serverManagement = useServerActionsController()
   const global = useGlobal()
+  const authenticate = useSshAuthenticate()
   const [_state, setState, _, ready] = persisted(Persist.global("home.servers"), HomeServersSchema, { collapsed: {} })
   const [state] = createResource(
     () => ready.promise ?? Promise.resolve(),
@@ -42,6 +44,15 @@ export function createHomeProjectsController(home: HomeController) {
     return platform.platform === "desktop" && !!platform.openPath && ServerConnection.local(conn)
   }
 
+  function choose(conn: ServerConnection.Any) {
+    pickDirectory({
+      server: conn,
+      title: language.t("command.project.open"),
+      multiple: true,
+      onSelect: (result) => home.project.add(conn, homeProjectDirectories(result)),
+    })
+  }
+
   return {
     copy: {
       language,
@@ -71,15 +82,25 @@ export function createHomeProjectsController(home: HomeController) {
           void dialog.show(() => <DialogServer mode="edit" server={conn} />)
         })
       },
-      focus: home.selection.focusServer,
+      authenticate: (conn: ServerConnection.Any) => authenticate(conn),
+      focus: (conn: ServerConnection.Any) => {
+        if (authenticate(conn, () => home.selection.focusServer(conn))) return
+        home.selection.focusServer(conn)
+      },
     },
     project: {
       list: home.project.list,
       recentlyClosed: home.project.recentlyClosed,
       homedir: home.project.homedir,
-      select: home.project.select,
+      select: (conn: ServerConnection.Any, directory: string) => {
+        if (authenticate(conn, () => home.project.select(conn, directory))) return
+        home.project.select(conn, directory)
+      },
       add: home.project.add,
-      openNewSession: home.project.openProjectNewSession,
+      openNewSession: (conn: ServerConnection.Any, directory: string) => {
+        if (authenticate(conn, () => home.project.openProjectNewSession(conn, directory))) return
+        home.project.openProjectNewSession(conn, directory)
+      },
       canImportSession: !!platform.openAttachmentPickerDialog,
       importSession: (conn: ServerConnection.Any, project: LocalProject) => {
         if (!platform.openAttachmentPickerDialog) return
@@ -125,13 +146,9 @@ export function createHomeProjectsController(home: HomeController) {
           .forEach((directory) => notification.project.markViewed(directory))
       },
       choose: (conn: ServerConnection.Any) => {
+        if (authenticate(conn, () => choose(conn))) return
         if (home.server.health(conn)?.healthy === false) return
-        pickDirectory({
-          server: conn,
-          title: language.t("command.project.open"),
-          multiple: true,
-          onSelect: (result) => home.project.add(conn, homeProjectDirectories(result)),
-        })
+        choose(conn)
       },
       close: (conn: ServerConnection.Any, directory: string) => {
         const next = closeHomeProject(

packages/app/src/home/projects/region.tsx

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ export function HomeProjects(props: {
       onWheel={props.scroll.viewport.containWheel}
       onChooseProject={props.projects.project.choose}
       onFocusServer={props.projects.server.focus}
+      onAuthenticateServer={props.projects.server.authenticate}
       onToggleCollapsed={props.projects.server.toggleCollapsed}
       onEditServer={props.projects.server.edit}
       onSetDefaultServer={props.projects.server.setDefault}

packages/app/src/home/projects/view.css

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/* Home server/project rows keep the label underneath the hover actions.
+   The actions carry a tab-style background with a fade on the left, and the
+   label fades out where it slides underneath. Mirrors tab-nav.css. */
+[data-home-row] {
+  --home-row-surface: var(--v2-background-bg-base);
+  --home-row-background: color-mix(
+    in srgb,
+    var(--home-row-surface) var(--home-row-opacity, 100%),
+    var(--v2-background-bg-base)
+  );
+  background: var(--home-row-background);
+}
+
+[data-home-row]:is(:hover, :focus-within, [data-dragging="true"], :has([data-menu="true"])) {
+  --home-row-surface: var(--v2-background-bg-layer-01);
+}
+
+[data-home-row][data-selected] {
+  --home-row-surface: var(--v2-background-bg-layer-03);
+}
+
+[data-home-row][data-dimmed="true"] {
+  --home-row-opacity: 60%;
+}
+
+/* Keep the background outside the button's disabled-content opacity. */
+[data-home-row] > button {
+  background: transparent;
+}
+
+[data-home-row] [data-slot="home-row-actions"] {
+  background: linear-gradient(to right, transparent, var(--home-row-background) 8px);
+}
+
+[data-home-row]:dir(rtl) [data-slot="home-row-actions"] {
+  background: linear-gradient(to left, transparent, var(--home-row-background) 8px);
+}
+
+[data-home-row]:is(:hover, :focus-within, :has([data-menu="true"])) [data-slot="home-row-label"] {
+  -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, black 0, black calc(100% - 44px), transparent calc(100% - 36px));
+  mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, black 0, black calc(100% - 44px), transparent calc(100% - 36px));
+}
+
+[data-home-row]:is(:hover, :focus-within, :has([data-menu="true"])):dir(rtl) [data-slot="home-row-label"] {
+  -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to left, black 0, black calc(100% - 44px), transparent calc(100% - 36px));
+  mask-image: linear-gradient(to left, black 0, black calc(100% - 44px), transparent calc(100% - 36px));
+}
+
+@media (hover: none) {
+  [data-home-row] [data-slot="home-row-label"] {
+    -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, black 0, black calc(100% - 44px), transparent calc(100% - 36px));
+    mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, black 0, black calc(100% - 44px), transparent calc(100% - 36px));
+  }
+
+  [data-home-row]:dir(rtl) [data-slot="home-row-label"] {
+    -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to left, black 0, black calc(100% - 44px), transparent calc(100% - 36px));
+    mask-image: linear-gradient(to left, black 0, black calc(100% - 44px), transparent calc(100% - 36px));
+  }
+}

packages/app/src/home/projects/view.tsx

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import { ScrollView } from "@opencode/ui/scroll-view"
 import { ProjectAvatar } from "@opencode/ui/project-avatar"
 import { Icon } from "@opencode/ui/icon"
 import { IconButton } from "@opencode/ui/icon-button"
+import { Button } from "@opencode/ui/button"
+import { Spinner } from "@opencode/ui/spinner"
 import { Menu } from "@opencode/ui/menu"
 import { Tooltip } from "@opencode/ui/tooltip"
 import { getProjectAvatarVariant, type HomeProjectSelection, type LocalProject } from "@/shell/state/layout"
@@ -21,6 +23,7 @@ import { ServerRowMenuView, serverMenuLabels } from "@/servers/registry/row-menu
 import { ServerHealthIndicator } from "@/servers/registry/row"
 import { type ServerHealth } from "@/runtime/server/health"
 import { fileManagerApp } from "@/home/projects/file-manager"
+import "./view.css"
 
 const HOME_PROJECT_NAV_LABEL = "min-w-0 flex-1 overflow-hidden text-ellipsis whitespace-nowrap"
 
@@ -46,6 +49,7 @@ export type HomeProjectsViewProps = {
   onWheel: (event: WheelEvent) => void
   onChooseProject: (server: ServerConnection.Any) => void
   onFocusServer: (server: ServerConnection.Any) => void
+  onAuthenticateServer?: (server: ServerConnection.Any) => void
   onToggleCollapsed: (server: ServerConnection.Any) => void
   onEditServer: (server: ServerConnection.Http) => void
   onSetDefaultServer: (server: ServerConnection.Any | undefined) => void
@@ -122,6 +126,10 @@ export function HomeProjectsView(props: HomeProjectsViewProps) {
                 props.onFocusServer(server)
                 setState("open", false)
               }}
+              onAuthenticateServer={(server) => {
+                setState("open", false)
+                props.onAuthenticateServer?.(server)
+              }}
               onChooseProject={(server) => {
                 setState("open", false)
                 props.onChooseProject(server)
@@ -196,7 +204,12 @@ function HomeProjectsPanel(props: HomeProjectsViewProps) {
           </HomeProjectNavButton>
         </Show>
         <Show
-          when={props.servers.length > 1}
+          when={
+            props.servers.length > 1 ||
+            props.servers.some(
+              (server) => server.type === "ssh" && (server.authenticationRequired || server.connecting),
+            )
+          }
           fallback={
             <Show when={props.servers[0]}>
               {(server) => (
@@ -231,6 +244,8 @@ function HomeProjectsPanel(props: HomeProjectsViewProps) {
                 const healthy = () => !!props.serverHealth(item)?.healthy
                 const hasProjects = () => projects().length > 0
                 const collapsed = () => props.collapsed(item)
+                const authentication = () => item.type === "ssh" && item.authenticationRequired
+                const connecting = () => item.type === "ssh" && item.connecting
                 return (
                   <div class="flex min-w-0 flex-col gap-1">
                     <HomeServerRow
@@ -241,7 +256,26 @@ function HomeProjectsPanel(props: HomeProjectsViewProps) {
                       collapsed={collapsed()}
                       health={props.serverHealth(item)}
                     />
-                    <Show when={healthy() && hasProjects() && !collapsed()}>
+                    <Show when={authentication() || connecting()}>
+                      <div class="mx-3 h-px bg-v2-border-border-base" />
+                      <div class="px-1.5 py-1">
+                        <Button
+                          data-action="home-server-authenticate"
+                          class="w-full"
+                          size="small"
+                          variant="neutral"
+                          disabled={connecting()}
+                          aria-busy={!!connecting()}
+                          onClick={() => props.onAuthenticateServer?.(item)}
+                        >
+                          <Show when={connecting()}>
+                            <Spinner class="size-3.5" />
+                          </Show>
+                          {props.language.t(connecting() ? "ssh.stage.connecting" : "ssh.action.authenticate")}
+                        </Button>
+                      </div>
+                    </Show>
+                    <Show when={healthy() && !authentication() && !connecting() && hasProjects() && !collapsed()}>
                       <div class="mx-3 h-px bg-v2-border-border-base" />
                       <HomeProjectList {...props} {...contextMenuProps} server={item} items={projects()} />
                     </Show>
@@ -314,6 +348,7 @@ function HomeServerRow(props: {
   health: ServerHealth | undefined
 }) {
   const healthy = () => !!props.health?.healthy
+  const authentication = () => props.server.type === "ssh" && props.server.authenticationRequired
   const incompatible = () => !!props.health?.incompatible
   const canToggle = () => healthy() && props.projectsForServer(props.server).length > 0
   const contextMenuID = () => serverContextMenuID(props.server)
@@ -326,16 +361,23 @@ function HomeServerRow(props: {
       appearance="standard"
       placement="top"
       class="flex h-7 w-full min-w-0"
-      inactive={!incompatible()}
-      value={props.language.t("server.row.incompatible", { version: props.health?.version ?? "1" })}
+      inactive={!incompatible() && !authentication()}
+      value={
+        authentication()
+          ? props.language.t("ssh.stage.authentication")
+          : props.language.t("server.row.incompatible", { version: props.health?.version ?? "1" })
+      }
     >
-      <div class="group/server relative flex h-7 w-full min-w-0 items-center rounded-[6px]">
+      <div
+        class="group/server relative flex h-7 w-full min-w-0 items-center rounded-[6px]"
+        data-home-row
+        data-dimmed={!healthy() && !incompatible()}
+        data-selected={props.selected ? "" : undefined}
+      >
         <HomeProjectNavButton
           type="button"
-          class="pr-16"
-          classList={{ "opacity-60": !healthy() && !incompatible() }}
           data-selected={props.selected ? "" : undefined}
-          disabled={!healthy()}
+          disabled={!healthy() && !authentication()}
           onClick={() => props.onFocusServer(props.server)}
         >
           <span
@@ -369,10 +411,18 @@ function HomeServerRow(props: {
             />
           </span>
           <div class="flex size-4 shrink-0 items-center justify-center -mr-0.5">
-            <ServerHealthIndicator health={props.health} />
+            <ServerHealthIndicator
+              health={props.health}
+              connecting={props.server.type === "ssh" && props.server.connecting}
+              authenticationRequired={authentication()}
+            />
           </div>
-          <span class="flex min-w-0 items-center gap-1">
-            <span class={HOME_PROJECT_NAV_LABEL}>
+          <span
+            data-slot="home-row-label"
+            class="flex min-w-0 flex-1 items-center gap-1"
+            classList={{ "opacity-60": !healthy() && !incompatible() }}
+          >
+            <span class="min-w-0 overflow-hidden text-ellipsis whitespace-nowrap">
               {props.server.displayName ?? new URL(props.server.http.url).host}
             </span>
             <Show when={props.server.label}>
@@ -390,8 +440,9 @@ function HomeServerRow(props: {
           </span>
         </HomeProjectNavButton>
         <div
+          data-slot="home-row-actions"
           class={`
-          hover-reveal absolute right-1 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-1/2 items-center gap-1
+          hover-reveal absolute bottom-0 right-1 top-0 flex items-center gap-1 rounded-r-[6px] pl-2
           group-hover/server:opacity-100 focus-within:opacity-100 data-[menu=true]:opacity-100
         `}
           data-menu={props.contextMenuOpen(contextMenuID())}
@@ -418,7 +469,7 @@ function HomeServerRow(props: {
               size="small"
               icon={<Icon name="folder-add-left" />}
               aria-label={props.language.t("home.project.add")}
-              disabled={props.health?.healthy === false}
+              disabled={props.health?.healthy === false && !authentication()}
               onClick={() => props.onChooseProject(props.server)}
             />
           </Tooltip>
@@ -602,6 +653,10 @@ function HomeProjectRow(
       ref={sortable.ref}
       class="group/project relative flex h-7 min-w-0 items-center rounded-[6px]"
       classList={{ "z-10": sortable.isDragSource() }}
+      data-home-row
+      data-dimmed={serverUnreachable()}
+      data-dragging={sortable.isDragSource()}
+      data-selected={props.selected ? "" : undefined}
       onContextMenu={(event) => {
         event.preventDefault()
         props.onSetContextMenuOpen(contextMenuID(), true)
@@ -610,7 +665,7 @@ function HomeProjectRow(
       <HomeProjectNavButton
         type="button"
         data-component="home-project-row"
-        class="pr-16 disabled:opacity-60"
+        class="disabled:opacity-60"
         classList={{
           "bg-v2-background-bg-layer-01 text-v2-text-text-base": sortable.isDragSource(),
         }}
@@ -647,11 +702,14 @@ function HomeProjectRow(
         }}
       >
         <HomeProjectAvatar project={props.project} />
-        <span class={HOME_PROJECT_NAV_LABEL}>{displayName(props.project)}</span>
+        <span data-slot="home-row-label" class={HOME_PROJECT_NAV_LABEL}>
+          {displayName(props.project)}
+        </span>
       </HomeProjectNavButton>
       <div
+        data-slot="home-row-actions"
         class={`
-          hover-reveal absolute right-1 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-1/2 items-center gap-1
+          hover-reveal absolute bottom-0 right-1 top-0 flex items-center gap-1 rounded-r-[6px] pl-2
           group-hover/project:opacity-100 focus-within:opacity-100 data-[menu=true]:opacity-100
         `}
         data-menu={props.contextMenuOpen(contextMenuID())}

packages/app/src/index.css

@@ -38,12 +38,65 @@
 }
 
 @layer components {
+  [data-slot="session-chat-panel"][data-scrollbar-hidden="true"]
+    [data-slot="session-timeline-scroll"]
+    > .scroll-view__thumb {
+    visibility: hidden;
+  }
+
   [data-slot="session-side-panel-presence"][data-opened="true"] {
-    animation: terminal-panel-presence-in 240ms cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
+    animation: side-region-presence-in 240ms cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
   }
 
   [data-slot="session-side-panel-presence"][data-opened="false"] {
-    animation: terminal-panel-presence-out 240ms cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) forwards;
+    animation: side-region-presence-out 240ms cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) forwards;
+  }
+
+  #review-panel {
+    container-type: inline-size;
+  }
+
+  /* Like the composer toolbar, fade only clipped content without reserving layout space.
+     The fade contracts as overflow clears; the second mask preserves the header divider. */
+  #review-panel .session-review-v2-tabs-bar {
+    --session-review-header-fade: clamp(0px, calc(100% - 100cqi), 24px);
+    mask-image:
+      linear-gradient(
+        to right,
+        #000 calc(100cqi - 40px - var(--session-review-header-fade)),
+        transparent calc(100cqi - 40px)
+      ),
+      linear-gradient(to top, #000 1px, transparent 1px);
+
+    &:dir(rtl) {
+      mask-image:
+        linear-gradient(
+          to left,
+          #000 calc(100cqi - 40px - var(--session-review-header-fade)),
+          transparent calc(100cqi - 40px)
+        ),
+        linear-gradient(to top, #000 1px, transparent 1px);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* The panel's width animation supplies the slide; only fade its fixed-width contents. */
+  [data-slot="session-side-region-presence"][data-opened] [data-slot="session-review-content"] {
+    transition: opacity 200ms ease-out 40ms;
+  }
+
+  /* Cached contents must stay transparent even after the presence animation finishes. */
+  #review-panel[aria-hidden="true"] > [data-slot="session-review-content"] {
+    opacity: 0;
+  }
+
+  [data-slot="session-side-region-presence"][data-opened="false"] [data-slot="session-review-content"] {
+    transition: opacity 160ms ease-out;
+  }
+
+  @starting-style {
+    [data-slot="session-side-region-presence"][data-opened="true"] [data-slot="session-review-content"] {
+      opacity: 0;
+    }
   }
 
   [data-slot="session-side-region-presence"][data-opened="true"] {
@@ -82,10 +135,15 @@
     [data-slot="terminal-panel-presence"],
     [data-slot="side-terminal-panel-presence"],
     [data-slot="session-side-panel-presence"],
+    [data-slot="session-review-content"],
     [data-slot="session-side-region-presence"],
     [data-component="terminal-panel"] {
       animation: none !important;
     }
+
+    [data-slot="session-review-content"] {
+      transition: none !important;
+    }
   }
 
   @keyframes terminal-panel-presence-in {
@@ -125,13 +183,9 @@
     }
   }
 
+  /* Presence needs an animation lifetime, but the panel frame must never fade. */
   @keyframes side-region-presence-in {
-    from {
-      opacity: 0;
-    }
-    0.01% {
-      opacity: 0.999999;
-    }
+    from,
     to {
       opacity: 1;
     }
@@ -142,7 +196,7 @@
       opacity: 1;
     }
     to {
-      opacity: 0.999999;
+      opacity: 1;
       visibility: hidden;
     }
   }

packages/app/src/new-session/workspace/selector.tsx

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ export function PromptWorkspaceSelector(props: {
         contentClass={props.onboarding ? "max-w-[280px]" : undefined}
         class="min-w-0"
       >
-        <Menu placement="bottom" gutter={4} onOpenChange={onOpenChange}>
+        <Menu placement="bottom" gutter={4} overflowPadding={24} onOpenChange={onOpenChange}>
           <Menu.Trigger
             aria-description={language.t("session.new.workspace.trigger.tooltip")}
             class="flex h-6 min-w-0 max-w-[203px] items-center gap-1.5 rounded-sm px-1.5 hover:bg-v2-overlay-simple-overlay-hover focus-visible:bg-v2-overlay-simple-overlay-hover focus-visible:outline-none data-[expanded]:bg-v2-overlay-simple-overlay-pressed data-[expanded]:text-v2-text-text-muted"
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ export function PromptWorkspaceSelector(props: {
                 <Menu.Sub
                   gutter={0}
                   overlap
-                  overflowPadding={8}
+                  overflowPadding={24}
                   onOpenChange={(open) => {
                     if (!open) {
                       focusSearch = false
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ export function PromptWorkspaceSelector(props: {
                     </span>
                   </Menu.SubTrigger>
                   <Menu.Portal>
-                    <Menu.SubContent class="max-h-[224px] w-[200px] overflow-y-auto">
+                    <Menu.SubContent class="max-h-[66.667dvh] w-[200px] overflow-y-auto !pb-0 [&>[data-component=menu-v2-item]:last-child]:mb-0.5 [@media(max-height:600px)]:max-h-[calc(100dvh-48px)]">
                       <Show when={props.workspaces.length >= 10}>
                         <div class="flex h-7 items-center gap-2 rounded-sm ps-3 pe-2 text-v2-icon-icon-muted">
                           <Icon name="magnifying-glass" size="small" class="shrink-0" />

packages/app/src/providers/models/select-dialog.tsx

@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ function ModelSelectorPopoverView(props: {
 
   const models = createMemo(() => props.models(store.search))
   const groups = createMemo(() => props.groups(models()))
-  const keys = () => [...models().map(modelKey), manageKey]
+  const keys = () => [...groups().flatMap((group) => group.items.map(modelKey)), manageKey]
   const initialActive = () => {
     const selected = props.current
     const options = keys()

packages/app/src/runtime/i18n/en.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,54 @@ import { DESKTOP_NATIVE_ENGLISH } from "./desktop-native"
 
 export const dict = {
   ...DESKTOP_NATIVE_ENGLISH,
+  "ssh.label": "SSH",
+  "ssh.offline": "Not connected to {{host}}. Your draft is preserved; remote work may still be running.",
+  "ssh.placeholder": "ssh user@example.com",
+  "ssh.add": "Add SSH server",
+  "ssh.server.menu.label": "SSH server",
+  "ssh.target": "Host or SSH command",
+  "ssh.connect": "Connect",
+  "ssh.connectTo": "Connect to {{host}}",
+  "ssh.authenticate": "SSH authentication",
+  "ssh.action.authenticate": "Authenticate",
+  "ssh.session.disconnected": "SSH connection inactive",
+  "ssh.session.connecting": "Connecting to SSH server",
+  "ssh.session.reconnectDescription":
+    "Reconnect to view this session and continue working. Your remote session is preserved.",
+  "ssh.session.reconnect": "Reconnect",
+  "ssh.authenticationRequired": "Authentication required for {{host}}",
+  "ssh.trust": "Trust and connect",
+  "ssh.continue": "Continue",
+  "ssh.retry": "Retry",
+  "ssh.update": "Update and reconnect",
+  "ssh.openProject": "Open project",
+  "ssh.project": "Open project on {{host}}",
+  "ssh.disconnect": "Disconnect",
+  "ssh.forget": "Forget connection",
+  "ssh.stage.disconnected": "Disconnected. The remote server is left running.",
+  "ssh.stage.connecting": "Connecting over SSH…",
+  "ssh.stage.checking": "Checking OpenCode…",
+  "ssh.stage.downloading": "Downloading server…",
+  "ssh.stage.uploading": "Uploading server…",
+  "ssh.stage.starting": "Connecting to OpenCode…",
+  "ssh.stage.ready": "Connected",
+  "ssh.stage.authentication": "Authentication required",
+  "ssh.stage.incompatible": "Server update required",
+  "ssh.stage.failed": "Connection failed",
+  "ssh.error.input":
+    "Enter a host or SSH connection command. Remote commands and unsupported SSH options aren’t allowed.",
+  "ssh.error.connection": "Could not establish the SSH connection. Check your network and SSH configuration.",
+  "ssh.error.platform":
+    "This remote platform is not supported. Automatic setup currently requires Linux or macOS on x64 or arm64.",
+  "ssh.error.version": "The remote service must match this Desktop version before connecting.",
+  "ssh.error.install":
+    "Could not install the remote server. Check connectivity, disk space, and that tar is installed.",
+  "ssh.error.unpublished":
+    "This Desktop version has no published remote server. For development builds, install and start V2 on the host, then retry.",
+  "ssh.error.service": "SSH connected, but the OpenCode server did not become ready.",
+  "ssh.error.host-key":
+    "The host’s identity could not be verified. Verify its fingerprint before updating your SSH known hosts.",
+  "ssh.error.ssh-missing": "OpenSSH was not found. Install an OpenSSH client and ensure ssh is available on PATH.",
   "session.location.unavailable": "Session location unavailable",
   "session.location.description": "Choose another directory to continue this session.",
   "session.location.choose": "Choose directory",
@@ -58,6 +106,8 @@ export const dict = {
 
   "command.session.new": "New session",
   "command.file.open": "Open file",
+  "command.browser.open": "Open browser",
+  "command.browser.reload": "Reload browser page",
   "command.tab.close": "Close tab",
   "command.tab.reopenClosed": "Reopen closed tab",
   "command.context.addSelection": "Add selection to context",
@@ -719,7 +769,8 @@ export const dict = {
   "session.queue.steerTooltip": "Send without interrupting",
   "session.queue.remove": "Remove",
   "session.queue.reorder": "Reorder queued prompt",
-  "session.queue.attachments": "+ attachments",
+  "session.queue.attachments.one": "Plus {{count}} attachment",
+  "session.queue.attachments.other": "Plus {{count}} attachments",
   "session.timeline.working": "Working",
   "session.timeline.notice.finished": "{{actor}} finished",
   "session.timeline.notice.failed": "{{actor}} failed",
@@ -846,7 +897,8 @@ export const dict = {
 
   "session.browser.address": "Browser address",
   "session.browser.replaced": "Browser control moved to another desktop window.",
-  "session.browser.address.placeholder": "Enter a URL",
+  "session.browser.suspended": "Browser suspended. Interact with this session to reconnect.",
+  "session.browser.address.placeholder": "Enter URL",
 
   "titlebar.update": "Update",
   "titlebar.tabs": "Tabs",
@@ -1074,7 +1126,7 @@ export const dict = {
   "settings.general.row.uiFont.description": "Customise the font used throughout the interface",
   "settings.general.row.showFileTree.title": "File tree",
   "settings.general.row.showFileTree.description": "Show the file tree panel in sessions",
-  "settings.general.row.browserPane.title": "Browser pane",
+  "settings.general.row.browserPane.title": "Browser",
   "settings.general.row.browserPane.description": "Allow agents to open and control an in-app development browser.",
   "settings.general.row.showNavigation.title": "Navigation controls",
   "settings.general.row.showNavigation.description": "Show the back and forward buttons in the desktop title bar",

packages/app/src/runtime/platform/browser-pane.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 import type { Browser } from "@opencode/plugin-browser/rpc"
 
 export type BrowserPaneEndpoint = Readonly<{ url: string; username?: string; password?: string }>
-export type BrowserPaneTarget = Readonly<{ sessionID: string; endpoint: BrowserPaneEndpoint }>
+export type BrowserPaneTarget = Readonly<{
+  serverKey: string
+  sessionID: string
+  endpoint: BrowserPaneEndpoint
+  restore?: Browser.State
+}>
 export type BrowserPaneLayout = {
   tabID: Browser.TabID
   visible: boolean

packages/app/src/runtime/platform/platform.tsx

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import type { Accessor } from "solid-js"
 import type { DesktopMenuAction } from "@/shell/commands/desktop-menu"
 import { ServerConnection } from "@/runtime/server/registry"
 import type { WslServersPlatform } from "@/servers/wsl/types"
+import type { SshPlatform } from "@/servers/ssh/types"
 import type { UpdaterPlatform } from "@/shell/updates/types"
 import type { DraftStore } from "@/runtime/persistence/drafts"
 import type { BrowserPanePlatform } from "./browser-pane"
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ type PlatformBase = {
 
   /** Manage WSL sidecar servers (Electron on Windows only) */
   wslServers?: WslServersPlatform
+  sshServers?: SshPlatform
 
   /** Webview zoom level (desktop only) */
   webviewZoom?: Accessor<number>

packages/app/src/runtime/server/client.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type { OpenCodeEvent } from "@opencode/client/promise"
 import { createClientConnection, createPtyClient, type ClientConnectionStatus } from "@opencode/client/solid"
 import { createGlobalEmitter } from "@solid-primitives/event-bus"
-import { type Accessor, onCleanup } from "solid-js"
+import { type Accessor, createEffect, on, onCleanup } from "solid-js"
 import { createApiForServer, type ServerApi } from "@/runtime/server/api"
 import { usePlatform } from "@/runtime/platform/platform"
 import { ServerConnection } from "./registry"
@@ -74,8 +74,18 @@ type ServerSDKBase = {
 function createServerSdkContextBase(server: ServerConnection.Any, scope: ServerScope): ServerSDKBase {
   const platform = usePlatform()
   const transport = createServerTransport({ http: server.http, fetch: platform.fetch })
+  if (server.type === "ssh") {
+    createEffect(
+      on(
+        () => `${server.http.url}\0${server.http.password ?? ""}`,
+        () => transport.update(server.http),
+        { defer: true },
+      ),
+    )
+  }
   const events = createOpenCodeEventSource()
-  const reconnect = server.type === "sidecar" && server.variant === "base" ? server.reconnect : undefined
+  const reconnect =
+    server.type === "ssh" || (server.type === "sidecar" && server.variant === "base") ? server.reconnect : undefined
 
   const connection = createClientConnection(transport.api, {
     reconnect: reconnect ? async (signal) => transport.update(await reconnect(signal)) : undefined,

packages/app/src/runtime/server/health.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { ClientError, OpenCode } from "@opencode/client"
 import { Accessor, createEffect, onCleanup } from "solid-js"
 import { createStore, reconcile } from "solid-js/store"
 
-export type ServerHealth = { healthy: boolean; version?: string; incompatible?: boolean }
+export type ServerHealth = { healthy: boolean; version?: string; incompatible?: boolean; checking?: boolean }
 
 interface CheckServerHealthOptions {
   timeoutMs?: number
@@ -142,25 +142,73 @@ export function useCheckServerHealth() {
 }
 
 export const useServerHealth = (servers: Accessor<ServerConnection.Any[]>, enabled: Accessor<boolean>) => {
-  const checkServerHealth = useCheckServerHealth()
+  return createServerHealth(servers, enabled, useCheckServerHealth())
+}
+
+export function createServerHealth(
+  servers: Accessor<ServerConnection.Any[]>,
+  enabled: Accessor<boolean>,
+  check: (http: ServerConnection.HttpBase) => Promise<ServerHealth>,
+) {
   const [status, setStatus] = createStore({} as Record<ServerConnection.Key, ServerHealth | undefined>)
+  const endpoints = new Map<ServerConnection.Key, string>()
 
   createEffect(() => {
     if (!enabled()) {
+      endpoints.clear()
       setStatus(reconcile({}))
       return
     }
-    const list = servers()
+    // Snapshot transport fields synchronously so a newly established SSH tunnel
+    // invalidates both the old result and any probe still using the old endpoint.
+    const list = servers().map((conn) => ({
+      key: ServerConnection.key(conn),
+      type: conn.type,
+      http: conn.http,
+      stage: conn.type === "ssh" ? conn.stage : undefined,
+    }))
+    for (const conn of list) {
+      if (conn.stage && conn.stage !== "ready") {
+        endpoints.delete(conn.key)
+        setStatus(
+          conn.key,
+          reconcile(
+            conn.stage === "failed"
+              ? { healthy: false }
+              : conn.stage === "incompatible"
+                ? { healthy: false, incompatible: true }
+                : undefined,
+          ),
+        )
+        continue
+      }
+      const endpoint = cacheKey(conn.http)
+      if (conn.type === "ssh" && endpoints.get(conn.key) !== endpoint) {
+        setStatus(conn.key, reconcile({ healthy: false, checking: true }))
+      }
+      endpoints.set(conn.key, endpoint)
+    }
+    for (const key of endpoints.keys()) {
+      if (!list.some((conn) => conn.key === key)) endpoints.delete(key)
+    }
     let dead = false
 
     const refresh = async () => {
-      const results: Record<string, ServerHealth> = {}
+      const results: Record<string, ServerHealth | undefined> = {}
       await Promise.all(
         list.map(async (conn) => {
-          const key = ServerConnection.key(conn)
-          const result = await checkServerHealth(conn.http)
-          results[key] = result
-          if (!dead) setStatus(key, result)
+          if (conn.stage && conn.stage !== "ready") {
+            results[conn.key] =
+              conn.stage === "failed"
+                ? { healthy: false }
+                : conn.stage === "incompatible"
+                  ? { healthy: false, incompatible: true }
+                  : undefined
+            return
+          }
+          const result = await check(conn.http)
+          results[conn.key] = result
+          if (!dead) setStatus(conn.key, reconcile(result))
         }),
       )
       if (dead) return

packages/app/src/runtime/server/registry.tsx

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { Persist, persisted } from "@/runtime/persistence/storage"
 import { pathKey } from "@/workspaces/path-key"
 import { ServerScope } from "@/runtime/server/scope"
 import { ServerHttp, ServerHttpBase, ServerKey, serverState } from "./persistence"
+import type { SshItem } from "@/servers/ssh/types"
 
 type ServerState = ReturnType<typeof serverState>["current"]["Type"]
 // The store retains more history than is displayed. Consumers filter recently closed entries
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ export function normalizeServerUrl(input: string) {
 export function serverName(conn?: ServerConnection.Any, ignoreDisplayName = false) {
   if (!conn) return ""
   if (conn.displayName && !ignoreDisplayName) return conn.displayName
+  if (conn.type === "ssh") return conn.host
   return conn.http.url.replace(/^https?:\/\//, "").replace(/\/+$/, "")
 }
 
@@ -159,9 +161,14 @@ export namespace ServerConnection {
   // Remote server desktop can SSH into
   export type Ssh = {
     type: "ssh"
+    stage?: SshItem["stage"]
+    connecting?: boolean
+    authenticationRequired?: boolean
+    id?: string
     host: string
     // SSH client exposes an HTTP server for the app to use as a proxy
     http: HttpBase
+    reconnect?: (signal: AbortSignal) => Promise<HttpBase>
   } & Base
 
   export type Any =
@@ -178,7 +185,7 @@ export namespace ServerConnection {
         return Key.make("sidecar")
       }
       case "ssh":
-        return Key.make(`ssh:${conn.host}`)
+        return Key.make(`ssh:${conn.id ?? conn.host}`)
     }
   }
 

packages/app/src/servers/registry/controller.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { useSettings } from "@/settings/model"
 import { useTabs } from "@/shell/tabs/tabs"
 import { type ServerHealth } from "@/runtime/server/health"
 import { showToast } from "@/shell/notifications/toast"
+import { useSsh } from "../ssh/context"
 
 function showRequestError(language: ReturnType<typeof useLanguage>, err: unknown) {
   showToast({
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@ function useDefaultServer() {
 
 export function useServerActionsController() {
   const server = useServers()
+  const ssh = useSsh()
   const tabs = useTabs()
   const platform = usePlatform()
   const language = useLanguage()
@@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ export function useServerActionsController() {
   const remove = async (key: ServerConnection.Key) => {
     try {
       if (key.startsWith("wsl:")) await platform.wslServers?.removeServer(key)
+      if (key.startsWith("ssh:")) await ssh.forget(key.slice(4))
       tabs.removeServer(key)
       server.remove(key)
       if ((await platform.getDefaultServer?.()) === key) await defaults.set(null)

packages/app/src/servers/registry/row-menu.tsx

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { type Component, Show } from "solid-js"
 import type { ServerActionsController } from "@/servers/registry/controller"
 import { useLanguage } from "@/runtime/i18n/language"
 import { ServerConnection } from "@/runtime/server/registry"
+import { SshMenu } from "../ssh/menu"
 
 export const ServerRowMenu: Component<{
   server: ServerConnection.Any
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ export const ServerRowMenu: Component<{
 }> = (props) => {
   const language = useLanguage()
   const key = ServerConnection.key(props.server)
+  if (props.server.type === "ssh" && props.server.id) return <SshMenu id={props.server.id} domain={props.domain} />
   return (
     <ServerRowMenuView
       server={props.server}

packages/app/src/servers/registry/row.stories.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { For } from "solid-js"
+import { ServerHealthIndicator } from "./row"
+import type { ServerHealth } from "@/runtime/server/health"
+
+const states: { label: string; connecting?: boolean; authenticationRequired?: boolean; health?: ServerHealth }[] = [
+  {
+    label: "Authentication required (overrides failed health)",
+    authenticationRequired: true,
+    health: { healthy: false },
+  },
+  {
+    label: "Authentication required (overrides pending health)",
+    authenticationRequired: true,
+    health: { healthy: false, checking: true },
+  },
+  { label: "Connecting (previous health check failed)", connecting: true, health: { healthy: false } },
+  { label: "Tunnel ready, checking its new endpoint", health: { healthy: false, checking: true } },
+  { label: "Connected", health: { healthy: true } },
+  { label: "Failed", health: { healthy: false } },
+  { label: "Incompatible", health: { healthy: false, incompatible: true } },
+  { label: "Not checked" },
+]
+
+export default { title: "App/Servers/Health indicator", id: "app-server-health" }
+export const States = {
+  render: () => (
+    <div class="flex flex-col gap-4">
+      <For each={states}>
+        {(state) => (
+          <div class="flex items-center gap-2">
+            <div class="flex size-4 shrink-0 items-center justify-center">
+              <ServerHealthIndicator
+                health={state.health}
+                connecting={state.connecting}
+                authenticationRequired={state.authenticationRequired}
+              />
+            </div>
+            <span>{state.label}</span>
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </For>
+    </div>
+  ),
+}

packages/app/src/servers/registry/row.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import { Tooltip } from "@opencode/ui/tooltip"
 import { Icon } from "@opencode/ui/icon"
+import { Spinner } from "@opencode/ui/spinner"
+import { useLanguage } from "@/runtime/i18n/language"
 import { createResizeObserver } from "@solid-primitives/resize-observer"
 import {
   children,
@@ -102,22 +104,53 @@ export function ServerRow(props: ServerRowProps) {
   )
 }
 
-export function ServerHealthIndicator(props: { health?: ServerHealth }) {
+export function ServerHealthIndicator(props: {
+  health?: ServerHealth
+  connecting?: boolean
+  authenticationRequired?: boolean
+}) {
+  const language = useLanguage()
   return (
     <Show
-      when={props.health?.incompatible}
+      when={props.authenticationRequired}
       fallback={
-        <div
-          classList={{
-            "size-1.5 rounded-full shrink-0 my-[3.5px]": true,
-            "bg-icon-success-base": props.health?.healthy === true,
-            "bg-icon-critical-base": props.health?.healthy === false,
-            "bg-border-weak-base": props.health === undefined,
-          }}
-        />
+        <Show
+          when={props.connecting || props.health?.checking}
+          fallback={
+            <Show
+              when={props.health?.incompatible}
+              fallback={
+                <div
+                  classList={{
+                    "size-1.5 rounded-full shrink-0 my-[3.5px]": true,
+                    "bg-icon-success-base": props.health?.healthy === true,
+                    "bg-icon-critical-base": props.health?.healthy === false,
+                    "bg-border-weak-base": props.health === undefined,
+                  }}
+                />
+              }
+            >
+              <Icon name="warning" size="small" class="shrink-0 text-icon-warning-base" />
+            </Show>
+          }
+        >
+          <span
+            role="status"
+            aria-label={language.t("ssh.stage.connecting")}
+            class="inline-flex h-3.5 w-1.5 shrink-0 items-center justify-center text-v2-icon-icon-muted"
+          >
+            <Spinner class="size-3 shrink-0" />
+          </span>
+        </Show>
       }
     >
-      <Icon name="warning" size="small" class="shrink-0 text-icon-warning-base" />
+      <span
+        role="status"
+        aria-label={language.t("ssh.stage.authentication")}
+        class="inline-flex h-3.5 w-1.5 shrink-0 items-center justify-center text-v2-icon-icon-muted"
+      >
+        <Icon name="lock" size="small" class="shrink-0" />
+      </span>
     </Show>
   )
 }

packages/app/src/servers/ssh/authenticate.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { useSsh } from "./context"
+import type { ServerConnection } from "@/runtime/server/registry"
+
+export function useSshAuthenticate() {
+  const ssh = useSsh()
+  return (server: ServerConnection.Any, onConnected?: () => void) => {
+    if (server.type !== "ssh" || !server.authenticationRequired) return false
+    const item = ssh.servers.find((item) => item.config.id === server.id)
+    if (!item) return false
+    ssh.connect(item.config, { onConnected })
+    return true
+  }
+}

packages/app/src/servers/ssh/authentication-state.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import { createEffect } from "solid-js"
+import type { SshItem } from "./types"
+
+// Offer authentication once per selected tab. Cancelling must not immediately
+// reopen the prompt; background hosts never open a dialog here.
+export function createSshAuthentication(input: {
+  selection: () => string | undefined
+  item: () => SshItem | undefined
+  busy: () => boolean
+  open: (item: SshItem) => void
+}) {
+  const state = { selection: undefined as string | undefined, offered: false }
+  createEffect(() => {
+    const selection = input.selection()
+    if (state.selection !== selection) {
+      state.selection = selection
+      state.offered = false
+    }
+    const item = input.item()
+    if (!selection || state.offered || item?.stage !== "authentication" || item.authenticatingElsewhere || input.busy())
+      return
+    state.offered = true
+    input.open(item)
+  })
+}

packages/app/src/servers/ssh/authentication.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import { useDialog } from "@opencode/ui/context/dialog"
+import { createMemo, Show, type ParentProps } from "solid-js"
+import { useCurrentRoute } from "@/shell/state/layout"
+import { useTabs } from "@/shell/tabs/tabs"
+import { useSsh } from "./context"
+import { createSshAuthentication } from "./authentication-state"
+import { SshConnectionPanel } from "./connection-panel"
+
+export function SshAuthentication(props: ParentProps) {
+  const ssh = useSsh()
+  const route = useCurrentRoute()
+  const tabs = useTabs()
+  const dialog = useDialog()
+  const item = createMemo(() => {
+    const current = route()
+    const key =
+      current.type === "session"
+        ? current.server
+        : current.type === "draft"
+          ? tabs.store.find((tab) => tab.type === "draft" && tab.draftID === current.draftID)?.server
+          : undefined
+    return ssh.servers.find((item) => `ssh:${item.config.id}` === key && item.stage !== "ready")
+  })
+  createSshAuthentication({
+    selection: () => {
+      const current = route()
+      if (current.type === "session") return `${current.server}:${current.sessionId}`
+      if (current.type === "draft") return current.draftID
+      return undefined
+    },
+    item,
+    busy: () => !!dialog.active,
+    open: (item) => ssh.connect(item.config),
+  })
+  return (
+    <div class="relative flex size-full min-h-0 min-w-0 flex-col">
+      {/* Keep the route mounted so reconnecting preserves its draft and local UI state. */}
+      <div
+        class="flex size-full min-h-0 min-w-0 flex-col"
+        classList={{ invisible: !!item() }}
+        inert={!!item()}
+        aria-hidden={item() ? true : undefined}
+      >
+        {props.children}
+      </div>
+      <Show when={item()}>
+        {(item) => (
+          <div class="absolute inset-0">
+            <SshConnectionPanel
+              item={item()}
+              pending={ssh.pending(item().config.id)}
+              onReconnect={() => ssh.connect(item().config)}
+            />
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </Show>
+    </div>
+  )
+}

packages/app/src/servers/ssh/connection-panel.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import { Button } from "@opencode/ui/button"
+import { Icon } from "@opencode/ui/icon"
+import { Spinner } from "@opencode/ui/spinner"
+import { Show } from "solid-js"
+import { useLanguage } from "@/runtime/i18n/language"
+import { sshName } from "./name"
+import { isSshConnecting } from "./status"
+import type { SshItem } from "./types"
+
+export function SshConnectionPanel(props: { item: SshItem; pending?: boolean; onReconnect: () => void }) {
+  const language = useLanguage()
+  const connecting = () => props.pending || isSshConnecting(props.item.stage)
+  return (
+    <section
+      data-component="ssh-connection-panel"
+      class="flex h-full min-h-0 flex-col items-center justify-center gap-4 overflow-y-auto bg-v2-background-bg-base px-6 py-8 text-center"
+    >
+      <Icon name="lock" size="large" class="text-v2-icon-icon-muted" />
+      <div class="flex max-w-sm flex-col items-center gap-2" role="status" aria-live="polite">
+        <h2 class="text-16-medium text-v2-text-text-base">{language.t("ssh.session.disconnected")}</h2>
+        <bdi dir="auto" class="max-w-full break-all text-13-regular text-v2-text-text-muted">
+          {sshName(props.item.config)}
+        </bdi>
+        <p class="text-13-regular text-v2-text-text-muted">{language.t("ssh.session.reconnectDescription")}</p>
+      </div>
+      <Show when={props.item.error}>
+        {(error) => (
+          <p role="alert" class="max-w-sm text-13-regular text-v2-text-text-muted">
+            {language.t(`ssh.error.${error()}`)}
+          </p>
+        )}
+      </Show>
+      <Button variant="neutral" disabled={connecting()} aria-busy={connecting()} onClick={props.onReconnect}>
+        <Show when={connecting()}>
+          <Spinner class="size-3.5" />
+        </Show>
+        {language.t(
+          connecting()
+            ? "ssh.session.connecting"
+            : props.item.stage === "authentication"
+              ? "ssh.action.authenticate"
+              : "ssh.session.reconnect",
+        )}
+      </Button>
+    </section>
+  )
+}

packages/app/src/servers/ssh/context.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import { createSimpleContext } from "@opencode/ui/context"
+import { useDialog } from "@opencode/ui/context/dialog"
+import { queryOptions, useQuery, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/solid-query"
+import { createEffect, onCleanup, untrack, type ParentProps } from "solid-js"
+import { usePlatform } from "@/runtime/platform/platform"
+import { useLanguage } from "@/runtime/i18n/language"
+import { showToast } from "@/shell/notifications/toast"
+import { createSshController } from "./controller"
+import { DialogSsh } from "./dialog"
+import type { SshState } from "./types"
+
+const key = ["platform", "sshServers"] as const
+const context = createSimpleContext({
+  name: "Ssh",
+  init: () => {
+    const platform = usePlatform()
+    const client = useQueryClient()
+    const language = useLanguage()
+    const query = useQuery(() =>
+      queryOptions<SshState>({
+        queryKey: key,
+        queryFn: () => platform.sshServers?.getState() ?? Promise.resolve({ servers: [] }),
+        staleTime: Infinity,
+      }),
+    )
+    createEffect(() => {
+      const off = platform.sshServers?.subscribe((state) => client.setQueryData(key, state))
+      if (off) onCleanup(off)
+    })
+    return {
+      get servers() {
+        return query.data?.servers ?? []
+      },
+      get loading() {
+        return query.isLoading
+      },
+      ...createSshController({
+        items: () => query.data?.servers ?? [],
+        api: platform.sshServers,
+        refresh: () => query.refetch({ throwOnError: true }),
+        error: () => showToast({ variant: "error", title: language.t("common.requestFailed") }),
+      }),
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+export const useSsh = () => context.use()
+
+export function SshProvider(props: ParentProps) {
+  return (
+    <context.provider>
+      <SshDialogs />
+      {props.children}
+    </context.provider>
+  )
+}
+
+function SshDialogs() {
+  const ssh = useSsh()
+  // Capture an owner inside the SSH context, independent of transient rows and menus.
+  const dialog = useDialog()
+  createEffect(() => {
+    const item = ssh.dialog.next()
+    if (!item || dialog.active) return
+    ssh.dialog.opened(item.config.id)
+    untrack(() => void dialog.push(() => <DialogSsh config={item.config} promptOnly />))
+  })
+  return null
+}

packages/app/src/servers/ssh/controller.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+import { Effect, Fiber } from "effect"
+import { createEffect, onCleanup } from "solid-js"
+import { createStore } from "solid-js/store"
+import type { SshConfig, SshItem, SshPlatform } from "./types"
+import { isSshConnecting } from "./status"
+
+export function createSshController(input: {
+  items: () => readonly SshItem[]
+  api: Pick<SshPlatform, "start" | "respond" | "cancel" | "disconnect" | "forget"> | undefined
+  refresh: () => Promise<unknown>
+  error: () => void
+}) {
+  const [attempts, setAttempts] = createStore<
+    Record<
+      string,
+      | {
+          active: boolean
+          submitting: boolean
+          prompted: boolean
+          answered?: string
+          error: boolean
+          onConnected?: () => void
+        }
+      | undefined
+    >
+  >({})
+  const tasks = new Map<string, Fiber.Fiber<void>>()
+  const item = (id: string) => input.items().find((item) => item.config.id === id)
+  const settle = (id: string) => {
+    const attempt = attempts[id]
+    if (!attempt?.active) return
+    const onConnected = attempt.onConnected
+    setAttempts(id, { active: false, onConnected: undefined })
+    if (item(id)?.stage === "ready" && onConnected) queueMicrotask(onConnected)
+  }
+  const run = (id: string, effect: Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown>) => {
+    setAttempts(id, { submitting: true, error: false })
+    tasks.set(
+      id,
+      Effect.runFork(
+        effect.pipe(
+          Effect.asVoid,
+          Effect.catch(() =>
+            Effect.sync(() => {
+              setAttempts(id, "error", true)
+              if (!attempts[id]?.prompted) input.error()
+            }),
+          ),
+          Effect.ensuring(
+            Effect.sync(() => {
+              tasks.delete(id)
+              setAttempts(id, "submitting", false)
+            }),
+          ),
+        ),
+      ),
+    )
+  }
+  onCleanup(() => {
+    Effect.runFork(Effect.forEach([...tasks.values()], Fiber.interrupt, { discard: true }))
+  })
+  createEffect(() => {
+    for (const item of input.items()) {
+      const attempt = attempts[item.config.id]
+      if (!attempt?.active || attempt.submitting) continue
+      if (
+        item.stage === "ready" ||
+        item.stage === "failed" ||
+        item.stage === "disconnected" ||
+        item.authenticatingElsewhere ||
+        (attempt.prompted && item.stage === "authentication" && !item.prompt)
+      ) {
+        settle(item.config.id)
+      }
+    }
+  })
+  return {
+    item,
+    submitting: (id: string) => !!attempts[id]?.submitting,
+    error: (id: string) => !!attempts[id]?.error,
+    answered: (id: string) =>
+      !!item(id)?.prompt && !attempts[id]?.error && attempts[id]?.answered === item(id)?.prompt?.id,
+    pending: (id: string) =>
+      !!attempts[id]?.submitting ||
+      !!item(id)?.authenticatingElsewhere ||
+      isSshConnecting(item(id)?.stage ?? "disconnected"),
+    dialog: {
+      next: () =>
+        input.items().find((item) => {
+          const attempt = attempts[item.config.id]
+          return (
+            attempt?.active &&
+            !attempt.submitting &&
+            !attempt.prompted &&
+            !attempt.error &&
+            (item.prompt || item.stage === "incompatible")
+          )
+        }),
+      opened: (id: string) => setAttempts(id, "prompted", true),
+    },
+    connect: (config: SshConfig, options?: { dialog?: boolean; replace?: boolean; onConnected?: () => void }) => {
+      const api = input.api
+      if (!api || item(config.id)?.authenticatingElsewhere) return
+      if (
+        attempts[config.id]?.submitting ||
+        (attempts[config.id]?.active && !attempts[config.id]?.error && !options?.replace)
+      )
+        return
+      setAttempts(config.id, {
+        active: true,
+        submitting: true,
+        prompted: !!options?.dialog,
+        answered: undefined,
+        error: false,
+        onConnected: options?.onConnected ?? (options?.replace ? attempts[config.id]?.onConnected : undefined),
+      })
+      run(
+        config.id,
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          yield* Effect.tryPromise(() => api.start({ ...config, replace: options?.replace }))
+          // Observe admission before treating an older disconnected snapshot as cancellation.
+          yield* Effect.tryPromise(input.refresh)
+        }),
+      )
+    },
+    respond: (id: string, prompt: string, value: string) => {
+      const api = input.api
+      if (!api || item(id)?.prompt?.id !== prompt || attempts[id]?.submitting) return
+      if (attempts[id]?.answered === prompt && !attempts[id]?.error) return
+      setAttempts(id, "answered", prompt)
+      run(
+        id,
+        Effect.tryPromise(() => api.respond(id, prompt, value)),
+      )
+    },
+    cancel: (id: string) => {
+      const task = tasks.get(id)
+      const api = input.api
+      Effect.runFork(
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          if (task) yield* Fiber.interrupt(task)
+          setAttempts(id, undefined)
+          if (!api) return
+          yield* Effect.tryPromise(() => api.cancel(id))
+          if (!item(id)?.saved) yield* Effect.tryPromise(() => api.forget(id))
+        }).pipe(Effect.ignore),
+      )
+    },
+    restore: (config: SshConfig) => input.api?.start({ ...config, background: true }),
+    disconnect: (id: string) => input.api?.disconnect(id),
+    forget: (id: string) => input.api?.forget(id),
+  }
+}