fix(core): diff long path selections in groups on Windows

Revert diffs every restored path, passing them as git diff arguments. Past Windows' 32,767-character command line the spawn failed, after the files were already restored. On Windows, a selection over 24,000 characters is now diffed in byte-sorted groups that share the patch cap, so output matches a single call. Other platforms keep a single call.
perf(core): never spawn more git processes than before, and respect the Windows command-line limit
2026-10-06 23:46:19 +00:00 · 2026-10-06 17:01:49 +05:30 · 2026-10-06 16:31:26 +05:30 · 2026-10-06 03:59:57 +05:30 · 2026-10-05 14:26:49 +05:30 · 2026-10-05 11:46:42 +05:30
97 changed files with 5190 additions and 629 deletions
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
    },
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      "name": "@opencode/ai",
-      "version": "2.0.22",
+      "version": "2.0.23",
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        "@opencode/schema": "workspace:*",
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
    },
    "packages/app": {
      "name": "@opencode/app",
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+      "version": "2.0.23",
      "dependencies": {
        "@corvu/drawer": "catalog:",
        "@dnd-kit/abstract": "0.5.0",
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
    },
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      "name": "@opencode/cli",
-      "version": "2.0.22",
+      "version": "2.0.23",
      "bin": {
        "opencode": "./bin/opencode.cjs",
        "opencode2": "./bin/opencode2.cjs",
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@
    },
    "packages/client": {
      "name": "@opencode/client",
-      "version": "2.0.22",
+      "version": "2.0.23",
      "dependencies": {
        "@opencode/protocol": "workspace:*",
        "@opencode/schema": "workspace:*",
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@
    },
    "packages/codemode": {
      "name": "@opencode/codemode",
-      "version": "2.0.22",
+      "version": "2.0.23",
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        "effect": "catalog:",
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
    },
    "packages/console/app": {
      "name": "@opencode/console-app",
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+      "version": "2.0.23",
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@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@
    },
    "packages/console/core": {
      "name": "@opencode/console-core",
-      "version": "2.0.22",
+      "version": "2.0.23",
      "dependencies": {
        "@aws-sdk/client-sts": "3.782.0",
        "@jsx-email/render": "1.1.1",
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@
    },
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      "name": "@opencode/console-function",
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+      "version": "2.0.23",
      "dependencies": {
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        "@opencode/console-core": "workspace:*",
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@
    },
    "packages/console/mail": {
      "name": "@opencode/console-mail",
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+      "version": "2.0.23",
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@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@
    },
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      "name": "@opencode/console-support",
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+      "version": "2.0.23",
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@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@
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      "name": "@opencode/core",
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+      "version": "2.0.23",
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@@ -383,7 +383,6 @@
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@@ -411,7 +410,7 @@
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      "name": "@opencode/desktop",
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+      "version": "2.0.23",
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@@ -456,7 +455,7 @@
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    "packages/enterprise": {
      "name": "@opencode/enterprise",
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+      "version": "2.0.23",
      "dependencies": {
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        "@opencode-ai/sdk": "1.18.21",
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@
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+      "version": "2.0.23",
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@@ -509,7 +508,7 @@
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+      "version": "2.0.23",
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@@ -554,7 +553,7 @@
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@@ -573,7 +572,7 @@
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@@ -586,7 +585,7 @@
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      "name": "@opencode/latex",
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@@ -600,7 +599,7 @@
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@@ -615,7 +614,7 @@
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@@ -654,7 +653,7 @@
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        "@opencode/plugin": "workspace:*",
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@@ -684,7 +683,7 @@
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+      "version": "2.0.23",
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@@ -699,7 +698,7 @@
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+      "version": "2.0.23",
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@@ -723,7 +722,7 @@
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+      "version": "2.0.23",
      "dependencies": {
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        "@opencode/core": "workspace:*",
@@ -744,7 +743,7 @@
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    "packages/server": {
      "name": "@opencode/server",
-      "version": "2.0.22",
+      "version": "2.0.23",
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        "@effect/platform-node-shared": "catalog:",
@@ -766,7 +765,7 @@
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    "packages/session-ui": {
      "name": "@opencode/session-ui",
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+      "version": "2.0.23",
      "dependencies": {
        "@kobalte/core": "catalog:",
        "@opencode/client": "workspace:*",
@@ -801,7 +800,7 @@
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    "packages/simulation": {
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@@ -821,7 +820,7 @@
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    "packages/stats/app": {
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        "@kobalte/core": "catalog:",
@@ -855,7 +854,7 @@
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@@ -874,7 +873,7 @@
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@@ -920,7 +919,7 @@
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+      "version": "2.0.23",
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        "effect": "catalog:",
@@ -934,7 +933,7 @@
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+      "version": "2.0.23",
      "dependencies": {
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@@ -968,7 +967,7 @@
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+      "version": "2.0.23",
      "dependencies": {
        "@kobalte/core": "catalog:",
        "@pierre/diffs": "catalog:",
@@ -1003,7 +1002,7 @@
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    "packages/util": {
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+      "version": "2.0.23",
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        "@effect/opentelemetry": "catalog:",
        "@effect/platform-node": "catalog:",
@@ -1041,7 +1040,7 @@
    },
    "packages/web": {
      "name": "@opencode/web",
-      "version": "2.0.22",
+      "version": "2.0.23",
      "dependencies": {
        "@astrojs/cloudflare": "12.6.3",
        "@astrojs/markdown-remark": "6.3.1",
@@ -1082,7 +1081,7 @@
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    "services/update": {
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-      "version": "2.0.22",
+      "version": "2.0.23",
      "dependencies": {
        "jose": "6.0.11",
        "semver": "catalog:",
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@@ -7557,10 +7536,6 @@

    "tw-to-css/tailwindcss/postcss": ["postcss@8.5.26", "", { "dependencies": { "nanoid": "^3.3.17", "picocolors": "^1.1.1", "source-map-js": "^1.2.1" } }, "sha512-u82N74LFzG8ca+dD8puPnplTXoGH4fTPpVGuIbt36G3qvNlkvfD0lEAZSxaly3KX8TS/L1A1gsCEmvKmBcVbkQ=="],

-    "venice-ai-sdk-provider/@ai-sdk/openai-compatible/@ai-sdk/provider": ["@ai-sdk/provider@3.0.15", "", { "dependencies": { "json-schema": "^0.4.0" } }, "sha512-XeZW1CcDF2GMbH4wejW6xBRI2QCOgnkVYUnxoeDadB1mf85riL2bMUeDoh+6gJ/r4mjNfzUPW8OjLjvwTP0u1Q=="],
-
-    "venice-ai-sdk-provider/@ai-sdk/openai-compatible/@ai-sdk/provider-utils": ["@ai-sdk/provider-utils@4.0.46", "", { "dependencies": { "@ai-sdk/provider": "3.0.15", "@standard-schema/spec": "^1.1.0", "eventsource-parser": "^3.0.8", "undici": "^6.28.0" }, "peerDependencies": { "zod": "^3.25.76 || ^4.1.8" } }, "sha512-tEtld97plCFiYevsJuOkGkeuhQndeMWFBVrJS4AjnbD5AqrNSXRCe0p+BZ3Cju/sxDeeZ9ym3q9YUV8fASA7aQ=="],
-
    "vitest/@vitest/expect/chai": ["chai@6.2.2", "", {}, "sha512-NUPRluOfOiTKBKvWPtSD4PhFvWCqOi0BGStNWs57X9js7XGTprSmFoz5F0tWhR4WPjNeR9jXqdC7/UpSJTnlRg=="],

    "vscode-languageserver/vscode-languageserver-protocol/vscode-jsonrpc": ["vscode-jsonrpc@8.2.0", "", {}, "sha512-C+r0eKJUIfiDIfwJhria30+TYWPtuHJXHtI7J0YlOmKAo7ogxP20T0zxB7HZQIFhIyvoBPwWskjxrvAtfjyZfA=="],
@@ -8439,8 +8414,6 @@

    "tw-to-css/tailwindcss/chokidar/readdirp": ["readdirp@3.6.0", "", { "dependencies": { "picomatch": "^2.2.1" } }, "sha512-hOS089on8RduqdbhvQ5Z37A0ESjsqz6qnRcffsMU3495FuTdqSm+7bhJ29JvIOsBDEEnan5DPu9t3To9VRlMzA=="],

-    "venice-ai-sdk-provider/@ai-sdk/openai-compatible/@ai-sdk/provider-utils/undici": ["undici@6.28.0", "", {}, "sha512-LIY910g9TI13YS95lrMFrs8Rm/u/irgHeTWoKCoteeJ04CUJ92eEfj0rVn+7VKMPBpUPiUoBKfhNyLI23EE/KA=="],
-
    "yargs/string-width/strip-ansi/ansi-regex": ["ansi-regex@5.0.1", "", {}, "sha512-quJQXlTSUGL2LH9SUXo8VwsY4soanhgo6LNSm84E1LBcE8s3O0wpdiRzyR9z/ZZJMlMWv37qOOb9pdJlMUEKFQ=="],

    "@astrojs/cloudflare/@cloudflare/vite-plugin/miniflare/sharp/@img/sharp-darwin-arm64": ["@img/sharp-darwin-arm64@0.35.2", "", { "optionalDependencies": { "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64": "1.3.1" }, "os": "darwin", "cpu": "arm64" }, "sha512-eEieHsMksAW4IiO5NzauESRl2D2qz3J/kwUxUrSfV06A93eEaRfMpHXyUb1mAqrR7i8U9A0GRqE9pjn6u1Jjpg=="],
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "nodeModules": {
-    "x86_64-linux": "sha256-2RlbJRTEKSliuUbAE2lAktX63JFR/RKAuLkcCou8wb4=",
-    "aarch64-linux": "sha256-P7DAE018lTJNGmttg87U9oaTAuw/wHlnMStdnXYKCr0=",
-    "aarch64-darwin": "sha256-N+NfV1ObOTnW+ez7As+CS+6ci/iRGCQ6cslvyQFCp6E="
+    "x86_64-linux": "sha256-4AqU8dPEwo0ukoyEX1SuDVzsXQ7G/fIPnxoL400zH4M=",
+    "aarch64-linux": "sha256-p75sJYtR8a4oVKb1+Dgp8Kl+1onSmUw5NRv95bbV1+E=",
+    "aarch64-darwin": "sha256-Psyvbw/lGulysQlhK/MqcHVIwx2aCDTr+Pfr+gRWsG4="
  }
 }
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "opencode",
  "description": "AI-powered development tool",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "private": true,
  "type": "module",
  "packageManager": "bun@1.4.2",
@@ -106,6 +106,41 @@ for await (const event of ai.llm.stream(ai.llm.request(input))) {
 await ai.dispose()
 ```

+## Venice AI
+
+`Venice` provides native Chat Completions with streaming tools and reasoning. `model` and `chat`
+select the same API; credentials default to `VENICE_API_KEY`.
+
+```ts
+import { LLM } from "@opencode/ai"
+import { Venice } from "@opencode/ai/providers"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+
+const program = Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const response = yield* LLM.generate({
+    model: Venice.configure({ apiKey: process.env.VENICE_API_KEY }).chat("qwen3-6-27b"),
+    prompt: "Explain this design.",
+    providerOptions: {
+      reasoningEffort: "high",
+      veniceParameters: { includeVeniceSystemPrompt: false },
+    },
+  })
+  console.log(response.text)
+})
+```
+
+Effort lowers to `reasoning.effort`; `reasoning.enabled` and `reasoning.summary` are also available.
+Supported effort levels and toggles depend on the selected model. Omitted controls preserve its defaults.
+Venice's added system prompt is disabled by default, matching the previous OpenCode Venice SDK behavior.
+
+Replay complete `response.message` values to retain signed/encrypted reasoning and Gemini thought
+signatures, including per-tool signatures. Venice's encrypted scalar trailers are excluded from visible
+reasoning but retained in provider metadata for replay. Cache affinity uses `promptCacheKey`, and cache-write
+usage reads Venice's `cache_creation_input_tokens` field.
+
+The native package entrypoint is `@opencode/ai/providers/venice`. Image generation, embeddings, Responses, and
+client-side E2EE are not implemented by this provider.
+
 ## Experimental evaluation

 Evaluation models compare shared state with typed choice, score, and boolean questions. The API is
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "name": "@opencode/ai",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
@@ -584,10 +584,7 @@ const serverToolResultType = (name: string): AnthropicServerToolResultType | und
  return undefined
 }

-const lowerServerToolResult = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
-  part: ToolResultPart,
-  providerMetadataKey: string,
-) {
+const lowerServerToolResult = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (part: ToolResultPart, providerMetadataKey: string) {
  const wireType = serverToolResultType(part.name)
  if (!wireType)
    return yield* invalid(`Anthropic Messages does not know how to round-trip server tool result for ${part.name}`)
@@ -657,10 +654,7 @@ const citationsFromMetadata = (metadata: MediaPart["metadata"]): AnthropicDocume

 const isHttpUrl = (value: string) => /^https?:\/\//i.test(value.trim())

-const lowerMedia = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
-  part: MediaPart,
-  breakpoints?: Cache.Breakpoints,
-) {
+const lowerMedia = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (part: MediaPart, breakpoints?: Cache.Breakpoints) {
  const mime = part.media.mediaType.toLowerCase()
  const cacheControlValue = breakpoints ? cacheControl(breakpoints, part.cache) : undefined
  const fileId = fileIdFromMetadata(part.metadata)
@@ -804,9 +798,6 @@ const requireThinkingSignature = (request: LLMRequest) => {
  return true
 }

-// Mid-conversation system messages became available with Opus 4.8 and version
-// 5 of the other supported Claude families. Treat later family versions as
-// compatible without assuming that every Anthropic Messages model is Claude.
 // Opus 4.8 and every Claude 5 model accept mid-conversation system messages; later versions inherit support.
 const supportsNativeSystemUpdates = (request: LLMRequest) => {
  const version = claudeVersion(String(request.model.id))
@@ -815,25 +806,9 @@ const supportsNativeSystemUpdates = (request: LLMRequest) => {
  return version.major >= 5
 }

-const endsInServerToolUse = (message: LLMRequest["messages"][number]) => {
-  const last = message.content.at(-1)
-  return message.role === "assistant" && last?.type === "tool-call" && last.providerExecuted === true
-}
-
-const canUseNativeSystemUpdate = (request: LLMRequest, index: number) => {
-  const previous = request.messages[index - 1]
-  const next = request.messages[index + 1]
-  // Vertex currently rejects/404s for a system message after local tool results,
-  // so fold it into the user tool-result turn across continuations and history.
-  if (request.model.route.id === "google-vertex-messages" && previous?.role === "tool") return false
-  return (
-    previous !== undefined &&
-    previous.role !== "system" &&
-    (previous.role === "user" || previous.role === "tool" || endsInServerToolUse(previous)) &&
-    next?.role !== "system" &&
-    (next === undefined || next.role === "assistant")
-  )
-}
+// Native system messages must follow a user turn (tool results count) or a paused server-tool turn.
+const acceptsNativeSystemAfter = (message: AnthropicMessage | undefined) =>
+  message?.role === "user" || (message?.role === "assistant" && message.content.at(-1)?.type === "server_tool_use")

 const splitsLocalToolResults = (messages: LLMRequest["messages"], index: number) => {
  const pending = new Set<string>()
@@ -862,12 +837,34 @@ const lowerNativeSystemUpdate = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
  }
 })

-const lowerMessages = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
-  request: LLMRequest,
+const lowerWrappedSystemUpdate = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
+  message: LLMRequest["messages"][number],
  breakpoints: Cache.Breakpoints,
 ) {
+  const part = yield* ProviderShared.wrappedSystemUpdate("Anthropic Messages", message)
+  return { type: "text" as const, text: part.text, cache_control: cacheControl(breakpoints, part.cache) }
+})
+
+const appendToUserTurn = (messages: AnthropicMessage[], block: AnthropicUserBlock) => {
+  const last = messages.at(-1)
+  if (last?.role === "user") messages[messages.length - 1] = { role: "user", content: [...last.content, block] }
+  else messages.push({ role: "user", content: [block] })
+}
+
+const lowerMessages = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (request: LLMRequest, breakpoints: Cache.Breakpoints) {
  const messages: AnthropicMessage[] = []
  const providerMetadataKey = request.model.route.providerMetadataKey ?? String(request.model.provider)
+  // Text updates stay where they are unless a user turn follows them; then they move after the latest
+  // user turn, the nearest spot where Anthropic accepts a native system message.
+  const holdUpdates = supportsNativeSystemUpdates(request)
+  const held: Array<LLMRequest["messages"][number]> = []
+  const releaseHeld = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
+    const native = acceptsNativeSystemAfter(messages.findLast((message) => message.role !== "system"))
+    for (const update of held.splice(0)) {
+      if (native) messages.push(yield* lowerNativeSystemUpdate(update, breakpoints))
+      else appendToUserTurn(messages, yield* lowerWrappedSystemUpdate(update, breakpoints))
+    }
+  })

  for (const [index, message] of request.messages.entries()) {
    if (message.role === "system") {
@@ -879,16 +876,8 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
      }
      if (splitsLocalToolResults(request.messages, index))
        return yield* invalid("Anthropic Messages system updates cannot split a local tool call from its tool result")
-      if (supportsNativeSystemUpdates(request) && canUseNativeSystemUpdate(request, index)) {
-        messages.push(yield* lowerNativeSystemUpdate(message, breakpoints))
-        continue
-      }
-      const part = yield* ProviderShared.wrappedSystemUpdate("Anthropic Messages", message)
-      const block = { type: "text" as const, text: part.text, cache_control: cacheControl(breakpoints, part.cache) }
-      const previous = messages.at(-1)
-      if (previous?.role === "user")
-        messages[messages.length - 1] = { role: "user", content: [...previous.content, block] }
-      else messages.push({ role: "user", content: [block] })
+      if (holdUpdates) held.push(message)
+      else appendToUserTurn(messages, yield* lowerWrappedSystemUpdate(message, breakpoints))
      continue
    }

@@ -964,7 +953,9 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
          `Anthropic Messages assistant messages only support text, reasoning, and tool-call content for now`,
        )
      }
-      if (content.length > 0) messages.push({ role: "assistant", content })
+      if (content.length === 0) continue
+      yield* releaseHeld()
+      messages.push({ role: "assistant", content })
      continue
    }

@@ -985,6 +976,7 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
      messages[messages.length - 1] = { role: "user", content: [...previous.content, ...content] }
    else messages.push({ role: "user", content })
  }
+  yield* releaseHeld()

  return messages
 })
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ const ExtraContent = Schema.Struct({
 })
 const decodeExtraContent = (value: unknown) => Option.getOrUndefined(Schema.decodeUnknownOption(ExtraContent)(value))

-const OpenAIChatAssistantToolCall = Schema.Struct({
+export const OpenAIChatAssistantToolCall = Schema.Struct({
  id: Schema.String,
  type: Schema.tag("function"),
  function: Schema.Struct({
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ const OpenAIChatUserContent = Schema.Union([
 ])
 type OpenAIChatUserContent = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof OpenAIChatUserContent>

-const OpenAIChatMessage = Schema.Union([
+export const OpenAIChatMessage = Schema.Union([
  Schema.Struct({
    role: Schema.Literal("system"),
    content: Schema.Union([Schema.String, Schema.Array(OpenAIChatUserContent)]),
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ export type OpenAIChatBody = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof OpenAIChatBody>
 // The event schema is one decoded SSE `data:` payload. `Framing.sse` splits the
 // byte stream into strings, then `Protocol.jsonEvent` decodes each string into
 // this provider-native event shape.
-const OpenAIChatUsage = Schema.StructWithRest(
+export const OpenAIChatUsage = Schema.StructWithRest(
  Schema.Struct({
    prompt_tokens: optionalNull(Schema.Number),
    completion_tokens: optionalNull(Schema.Number),
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ const OpenAIChatToolCallDeltaFunction = Schema.Struct({
  arguments: optionalNull(Schema.String),
 })

-const OpenAIChatToolCallDelta = Schema.Struct({
+export const OpenAIChatToolCallDelta = Schema.Struct({
  index: optionalNull(Schema.Number),
  id: optionalNull(Schema.String),
  function: optionalNull(OpenAIChatToolCallDeltaFunction),
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ const OpenAIChatToolCallDelta = Schema.Struct({
 })
 type OpenAIChatToolCallDelta = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof OpenAIChatToolCallDelta>

-const OpenAIChatDelta = Schema.StructWithRest(
+export const OpenAIChatDelta = Schema.StructWithRest(
  Schema.Struct({
    content: optionalNull(Schema.String),
    refusal: optionalNull(Schema.String),
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ const OpenAIChatDelta = Schema.StructWithRest(
  [Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)],
 )

-const OpenAIChatChoice = Schema.StructWithRest(
+export const OpenAIChatChoice = Schema.StructWithRest(
  Schema.Struct({
    delta: optionalNull(OpenAIChatDelta),
    finish_reason: optionalNull(Schema.String),
@@ -326,6 +326,8 @@ export interface ParserState {
 interface LoweringOptions {
  readonly cacheControl?: (cache: CacheHint | undefined) => OpenAIChatCacheControl | undefined
  readonly toolCallID?: (id: string) => string
+  /** Project provider-specific fields from the exact source, even when other messages are dropped during lowering. */
+  readonly assistant?: (source: LLMRequest["messages"][number], message: OpenAIChatMessage) => OpenAIChatMessage
 }

 const lowerTool = (tool: ToolDefinition, options: LoweringOptions, supportsStrictMode: boolean): OpenAIChatTool => ({
@@ -539,8 +541,10 @@ const lowerMessage = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
  options: LoweringOptions & { readonly providerMetadataKey: string },
 ) {
  if (message.role === "user") return [yield* lowerUserMessage(message, options)]
-  if (message.role === "assistant")
-    return [yield* lowerAssistantMessage(message, reasoningField, requireReasoning, options)]
+  if (message.role === "assistant") {
+    const lowered = yield* lowerAssistantMessage(message, reasoningField, requireReasoning, options)
+    return [options.assistant?.(message, lowered) ?? lowered]
+  }
  return (yield* lowerToolMessages(message, options)).messages
 })

@@ -1214,7 +1218,7 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: OpenAIChatEvent) =>
    ] as const
  })

-const finishEvents = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (state: ParserState) {
+export const finishEvents = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (state: ParserState) {
  if (state.finishReason === undefined && state.requireFinishReason)
    return yield* new AIError({
      reason: new InvalidProviderOutputError({
@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
+import { Protocol } from "../route/protocol.js"
+import { AIError, LLMEvent, type LanguageModelCompatibility, type LLMRequest } from "../schema/index.js"
+import { classifyProviderFailure } from "../provider-error.js"
+import { OpenAIChat } from "./openai-chat.js"
+import { JsonObject, optionalArray, optionalNull, ProviderShared } from "./shared.js"
+import { cacheControl } from "./utils/cache.js"
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Public options and request body
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export type ReasoningEffort = "none" | "minimal" | "low" | "medium" | "high" | "xhigh" | "max" | (string & {})
+
+const Parameters = Schema.Struct({
+  enableWebSearch: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  enableWebScraping: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  enableWebCitations: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  enableXSearch: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  stripThinkingResponse: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  disableThinking: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  includeVeniceSystemPrompt: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  characterSlug: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  includeSearchResultsInStream: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  returnSearchResultsAsDocuments: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+})
+
+const Reasoning = Schema.Struct({
+  effort: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  enabled: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  summary: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+})
+
+export type OptionsInput = {
+  readonly reasoningEffort?: ReasoningEffort
+  readonly reasoning?: {
+    readonly effort?: ReasoningEffort
+    readonly enabled?: boolean
+    readonly summary?: "auto" | "concise" | "detailed" | (string & {})
+  }
+  readonly veniceParameters?: Omit<typeof Parameters.Type, "enableWebSearch"> & {
+    readonly enableWebSearch?: "off" | "on" | "auto" | (string & {})
+  }
+  readonly promptCacheKey?: string
+  readonly promptCacheRetention?: "default" | "extended" | "24h" | (string & {})
+  readonly parallelToolCalls?: boolean
+  readonly maxCompletionTokens?: number
+  readonly maxTokens?: number
+  readonly minP?: number
+  readonly repetitionPenalty?: number
+  readonly stopTokenIds?: readonly number[]
+  readonly logprobs?: boolean
+  readonly topLogprobs?: number
+  readonly maxTemp?: number
+  readonly minTemp?: number
+  readonly responseFormat?: Readonly<Record<string, unknown>>
+  readonly user?: string
+}
+
+const Options = Schema.Struct({
+  reasoningEffort: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  reasoning: Schema.optional(Reasoning),
+  veniceParameters: Schema.optional(Parameters),
+  promptCacheKey: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  promptCacheRetention: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  parallelToolCalls: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  maxCompletionTokens: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
+  maxTokens: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
+  minP: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
+  repetitionPenalty: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
+  stopTokenIds: Schema.optional(Schema.Array(Schema.Number)),
+  logprobs: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  topLogprobs: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
+  maxTemp: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
+  minTemp: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
+  responseFormat: Schema.optional(JsonObject),
+  user: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+})
+
+const ToolCall = Schema.Struct({
+  ...OpenAIChat.OpenAIChatAssistantToolCall.fields,
+  thought_signature: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+})
+const Assistant = Schema.StructWithRest(
+  Schema.Struct({
+    ...OpenAIChat.OpenAIChatMessage.cases.assistant.schema.fields,
+    tool_calls: optionalArray(ToolCall),
+    thought_signature: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  }),
+  [Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)],
+)
+const Messages = Schema.Array(
+  Schema.Union([
+    OpenAIChat.OpenAIChatMessage.cases.system,
+    OpenAIChat.OpenAIChatMessage.cases.user,
+    Assistant,
+    OpenAIChat.OpenAIChatMessage.cases.tool,
+  ]),
+)
+const Body = Schema.Struct({
+  ...OpenAIChat.bodyFields,
+  messages: Messages,
+  reasoning: Schema.optional(Reasoning),
+  venice_parameters: Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Union([Schema.String, Schema.Boolean])),
+  prompt_cache_retention: Options.fields.promptCacheRetention,
+  parallel_tool_calls: Options.fields.parallelToolCalls,
+  min_p: Options.fields.minP,
+  top_k: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
+  repetition_penalty: Options.fields.repetitionPenalty,
+  stop_token_ids: Options.fields.stopTokenIds,
+  logprobs: Options.fields.logprobs,
+  top_logprobs: Options.fields.topLogprobs,
+  max_temp: Options.fields.maxTemp,
+  min_temp: Options.fields.minTemp,
+  response_format: Options.fields.responseFormat,
+  user: Options.fields.user,
+})
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Streaming schemas and state
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const ToolDelta = Schema.Struct({
+  ...OpenAIChat.OpenAIChatToolCallDelta.fields,
+  thought_signature: optionalNull(Schema.String),
+})
+const Delta = Schema.StructWithRest(
+  Schema.Struct({
+    ...OpenAIChat.OpenAIChatDelta.schema.fields,
+    tool_calls: optionalNull(Schema.Array(ToolDelta)),
+    thought_signature: optionalNull(Schema.String),
+  }),
+  [Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)],
+)
+const Choice = Schema.StructWithRest(
+  Schema.Struct({ ...OpenAIChat.OpenAIChatChoice.schema.fields, delta: optionalNull(Delta) }),
+  [Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)],
+)
+const Usage = Schema.StructWithRest(
+  Schema.Struct({
+    ...OpenAIChat.OpenAIChatUsage.schema.fields,
+    prompt_tokens_details: optionalNull(
+      Schema.StructWithRest(
+        Schema.Struct({
+          cached_tokens: optionalNull(Schema.Number),
+          cache_write_tokens: optionalNull(Schema.Number),
+          cache_creation_input_tokens: optionalNull(Schema.Number),
+        }),
+        [Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)],
+      ),
+    ),
+  }),
+  [Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)],
+)
+const Event = Schema.StructWithRest(
+  Schema.Struct({
+    ...OpenAIChat.OpenAIChatEvent.schema.fields,
+    choices: optionalNull(Schema.Array(Choice)),
+    usage: optionalNull(Usage),
+    error: optionalNull(Schema.Union([Schema.String, OpenAIChat.OpenAIChatEvent.schema.fields.error.schema])),
+    issues: optionalArray(
+      Schema.Struct({
+        message: Schema.String,
+        path: Schema.optional(Schema.Array(Schema.Union([Schema.String, Schema.Number]))),
+      }),
+    ),
+  }),
+  [Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)],
+)
+
+interface State {
+  readonly shared: OpenAIChat.ParserState
+  readonly pending: string
+  readonly reasoning: string
+  readonly encrypted: boolean
+  readonly signature?: string
+  readonly tools: Readonly<Record<string, string>>
+}
+
+const MARKER = "__ENCRYPTED_REASONING__"
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Request lowering
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const fromRequest = Effect.fn("VeniceChat.fromRequest")(function* (request: LLMRequest) {
+  const options = yield* ProviderShared.validateWith(Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(Options))(request.providerOptions ?? {})
+  const body = yield* OpenAIChat.fromRequest(request, {
+    cacheControl: cacheControl(),
+    assistant: (source, message) => {
+      if (message.role !== "assistant") return message
+      const parts = source.content.filter(
+        (part) => part.type === "text" || part.type === "reasoning" || part.type === "tool-call",
+      )
+      const calls = source.content.filter((part) => part.type === "tool-call")
+      const signature = parts
+        .map((part) => part.providerMetadata?.venice?.messageThoughtSignature)
+        .find((value) => typeof value === "string")
+      const raw = parts
+        .map((part) => part.providerMetadata?.venice?.encryptedReasoningContent)
+        .find((value) => typeof value === "string")
+      return {
+        ...message,
+        ...(signature === undefined ? {} : { thought_signature: signature }),
+        ...(raw === undefined ? {} : { reasoning_content: raw }),
+        tool_calls: message.tool_calls?.map((call, index) => {
+          const signature = calls[index]?.providerMetadata?.venice?.thoughtSignature
+          return { ...call, ...(typeof signature === "string" ? { thought_signature: signature } : {}) }
+        }),
+      }
+    },
+  })
+  return {
+    ...body,
+    max_completion_tokens: options.maxCompletionTokens ?? options.maxTokens ?? request.generation?.maxTokens,
+    reasoning_effort: undefined,
+    reasoning:
+      options.reasoningEffort === undefined
+        ? options.reasoning
+        : { ...options.reasoning, effort: options.reasoningEffort },
+    // Match the previous Venice SDK default, not the gateway's added prompt.
+    venice_parameters: Object.fromEntries(
+      Object.entries({
+        ...options.veniceParameters,
+        includeVeniceSystemPrompt: options.veniceParameters?.includeVeniceSystemPrompt ?? false,
+      })
+        .filter(([, value]) => value !== undefined)
+        .map(([key, value]) => [key.replace(/[A-Z]/g, (letter) => `_${letter.toLowerCase()}`), value]),
+    ),
+    prompt_cache_retention: options.promptCacheRetention,
+    parallel_tool_calls: options.parallelToolCalls,
+    min_p: options.minP,
+    top_k: request.generation?.topK,
+    repetition_penalty: options.repetitionPenalty,
+    stop_token_ids: options.stopTokenIds,
+    logprobs: options.logprobs,
+    top_logprobs: options.topLogprobs,
+    max_temp: options.maxTemp,
+    min_temp: options.minTemp,
+    response_format: options.responseFormat,
+    user: options.user,
+  }
+})
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Venice normalization around the shared Chat state machine
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const step = Effect.fn("VeniceChat.step")(function* (state: State, event: typeof Event.Type) {
+  if (typeof event.error === "string")
+    return yield* new AIError({
+      reason: classifyProviderFailure({
+        message: [
+          event.error,
+          ...(event.issues ?? []).map(
+            (issue) => `${issue.path?.length ? `${issue.path.join(".")}: ` : ""}${issue.message}`,
+          ),
+        ].join("; "),
+        rawBody: ProviderShared.encodeJson(event),
+      }),
+    })
+  const delta = event.choices?.[0]?.delta
+  const scalar = delta?.reasoning_content ?? ""
+  const text = state.pending + scalar
+  const marker = text.indexOf(MARKER)
+  const pending =
+    marker >= 0 || state.encrypted
+      ? 0
+      : (Array.from({ length: Math.min(text.length, MARKER.length - 1) }, (_, index) => index + 1)
+          .filter((length) => text.endsWith(MARKER.slice(0, length)))
+          .at(-1) ?? 0)
+  const visible = state.encrypted ? "" : marker >= 0 ? text.slice(0, marker) : text.slice(0, text.length - pending)
+  const result = yield* OpenAIChat.protocol.stream.step(state.shared, {
+    ...event,
+    error: event.error,
+    usage: event.usage
+      ? {
+          ...event.usage,
+          prompt_tokens_details: event.usage.prompt_tokens_details
+            ? {
+                ...event.usage.prompt_tokens_details,
+                cache_write_tokens:
+                  event.usage.prompt_tokens_details.cache_write_tokens ??
+                  event.usage.prompt_tokens_details.cache_creation_input_tokens,
+              }
+            : event.usage.prompt_tokens_details,
+        }
+      : event.usage,
+    choices: event.choices?.map((choice, index) =>
+      index === 0 && choice.delta
+        ? {
+            ...choice,
+            delta: {
+              ...choice.delta,
+              reasoning_content: visible || undefined,
+              // Opaque-only scalar reasoning still needs a canonical part for replay.
+              reasoning_details: choice.delta.reasoning_details ?? (marker >= 0 ? [] : undefined),
+            },
+          }
+        : choice,
+    ),
+  })
+  const tools = { ...state.tools }
+  for (const call of delta?.tool_calls ?? []) {
+    if (!call.thought_signature) continue
+    const index = call.index ?? result[0].latestToolIndex
+    const id =
+      call.id ?? (index === undefined ? undefined : (result[0].tools[index]?.id ?? result[0].pendingTools[index]?.id))
+    if (id) tools[id] = call.thought_signature
+  }
+  return [
+    {
+      shared: result[0],
+      pending: pending ? text.slice(-pending) : "",
+      reasoning: state.reasoning + scalar,
+      encrypted: state.encrypted || marker >= 0,
+      signature: delta?.thought_signature ?? state.signature,
+      tools,
+    },
+    result[1],
+  ] as const
+})
+
+const onHalt = Effect.fn("VeniceChat.onHalt")(function* (state: State) {
+  const events = yield* OpenAIChat.finishEvents(state.shared)
+  return events.flatMap((event): LLMEvent[] => {
+    if (
+      event.type !== "reasoning-end" &&
+      event.type !== "text-end" &&
+      event.type !== "tool-call" &&
+      event.type !== "tool-input-end"
+    )
+      return [event]
+    const signature = event.type === "tool-call" || event.type === "tool-input-end" ? state.tools[event.id] : undefined
+    const providerMetadata = {
+      ...event.providerMetadata,
+      venice: {
+        ...event.providerMetadata?.venice,
+        ...(state.signature ? { messageThoughtSignature: state.signature } : {}),
+        ...(signature ? { thoughtSignature: signature } : {}),
+        ...(event.type === "reasoning-end" && state.encrypted ? { encryptedReasoningContent: state.reasoning } : {}),
+      },
+    }
+    if (event.type === "reasoning-end" && state.pending)
+      return [LLMEvent.reasoningDelta({ id: event.id, text: state.pending }), { ...event, providerMetadata }]
+    return [{ ...event, providerMetadata }]
+  })
+})
+
+export const compatibility = {
+  maxTokensField: "max_completion_tokens",
+  supportsStore: false,
+  supportsPromptCacheKey: true,
+} satisfies LanguageModelCompatibility
+
+export const protocol = Protocol.make({
+  id: "venice-chat",
+  body: { schema: Body, from: fromRequest },
+  stream: {
+    event: Schema.Union([Schema.Literal("[DONE]"), Protocol.jsonEvent(Event)]),
+    initial: (request): State => ({
+      shared: OpenAIChat.protocol.stream.initial(request),
+      pending: "",
+      reasoning: "",
+      encrypted: false,
+      tools: {},
+    }),
+    step: (state: State, event) => (event === "[DONE]" ? Effect.succeed([state, []] as const) : step(state, event)),
+    terminal: (event) => event === "[DONE]",
+    onHalt,
+  },
+})
+
+export * as VeniceChat from "./venice-chat.js"
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ const route = Route.make({
        ),
    },
    stream: AnthropicMessages.protocol.stream,
+    supportsEffortUpdates: AnthropicMessages.protocol.supportsEffortUpdates,
  }),
  endpoint: Endpoint.path(({ request }) => `/${request.model.id}:streamRawPredict`),
  auth: Auth.none,
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ export * as Stability from "./stability.js"
 export * as TogetherAI from "./togetherai.js"
 export * as TypeSafeAI from "./typesafe-ai.js"
 export * as VercelAIGateway from "./vercel-ai-gateway.js"
+export * as Venice from "./venice.js"
 export * as XAI from "./xai.js"
 export * as ZAI from "./zai.js"
 export * as ZAICodingPlan from "./zai-coding-plan.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import type { ProviderPackage } from "../provider-package.js"
+import { VeniceChat } from "../protocols/venice-chat.js"
+import { OpenAIChat } from "../protocols/openai-chat.js"
+import { AuthOptions, type ProviderAuthOption } from "../route/auth-options.js"
+import { Route, type RouteDefaultsInput } from "../route/client.js"
+import { Endpoint } from "../route/endpoint.js"
+import { ProviderID, type ModelID } from "../schema/index.js"
+
+export const id = ProviderID.make("venice")
+export type ChatOptionsInput = VeniceChat.OptionsInput
+export type Config = Omit<RouteDefaultsInput, "providerOptions"> &
+  ProviderAuthOption<"optional"> & {
+    readonly baseURL?: string
+    readonly queryParams?: Readonly<Record<string, string>>
+    readonly providerOptions?: ChatOptionsInput
+  }
+export type Settings = ProviderPackage.Settings &
+  ChatOptionsInput & {
+    readonly apiKey?: string
+    readonly baseURL?: string
+    readonly queryParams?: Readonly<Record<string, string>>
+  }
+
+const route = Route.make({
+  id: "venice-chat",
+  provider: id,
+  providerMetadataKey: "venice",
+  protocol: VeniceChat.protocol,
+  endpoint: Endpoint.path("/chat/completions", { baseURL: "https://api.venice.ai/api/v1" }),
+  framing: OpenAIChat.framing,
+})
+export const routes = [route]
+
+export const configure = (input: Config = {}) => {
+  const { apiKey: _apiKey, auth: _auth, baseURL, queryParams, ...rest } = input
+  const chat = (modelID: string | ModelID) =>
+    route
+      .with({
+        ...rest,
+        endpoint: { baseURL: baseURL ?? route.endpoint.baseURL, query: queryParams },
+        auth: AuthOptions.bearer(input, "VENICE_API_KEY"),
+      })
+      .model<ChatOptionsInput>({ id: modelID, compatibility: VeniceChat.compatibility })
+  return { id, model: chat, chat, configure }
+}
+
+export const provider = configure()
+export const chat = provider.chat
+export const model: ProviderPackage.Definition<Settings, ChatOptionsInput>["model"] = (
+  modelID,
+  { apiKey, baseURL, queryParams, body, headers, ...providerOptions },
+) =>
+  configure({
+    apiKey,
+    baseURL,
+    queryParams,
+    headers,
+    http: body === undefined ? undefined : { body: { ...body } },
+    providerOptions,
+  }).model(modelID)
+
+export * as Venice from "./venice.js"
@@ -171,6 +171,33 @@ describe("Anthropic Messages effort updates", () => {
    }),
  )

+  it.effect("releases a held system update next to an effort marker as one valid section", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const prepared = yield* compileRequest(
+        LLM.request({
+          model: opus5,
+          messages: [
+            Message.user("Fix it."),
+            Message.assistant("Done."),
+            lowFromHigh,
+            Message.system("Update."),
+            Message.user("Next."),
+          ],
+          providerOptions: { effort: "low" },
+          cache: "none",
+        }),
+      )
+
+      expect(prepared.body.messages).toEqual([
+        { role: "user", content: [{ type: "text", text: "Fix it." }] },
+        { role: "assistant", content: [{ type: "text", text: "Done." }] },
+        { role: "system", content: [], output_config: { effort: "low" } },
+        { role: "user", content: [{ type: "text", text: "Next." }] },
+        { role: "system", content: [{ type: "text", text: "Update.", cache_control: undefined }] },
+      ])
+    }),
+  )
+
  it.effect("falls back to a plain top-level effort when history drifted from the current effort", () =>
    Effect.gen(function* () {
      const drifted = yield* compileRequest(
@@ -266,20 +293,28 @@ describe("Anthropic Messages effort updates", () => {
    }),
  )

-  it.effect("strips markers on the Vertex Anthropic route, whose protocol wrapper does not forward support", () =>
+  it.effect("lowers markers on the Vertex Anthropic route for models that support them", () =>
    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const prepared = yield* compileRequest(
+      const vertex = GoogleVertexMessages.configure({ accessToken: "test", location: "global", project: "test" })
+      const opus5 = yield* compileRequest(
        LLM.request({
-          model: GoogleVertexMessages.configure({ accessToken: "test", location: "global", project: "test" }).model(
-            "claude-opus-5",
-          ),
+          model: vertex.model("claude-opus-5"),
+          messages: conversation,
+          providerOptions: { effort: "low" },
+        }),
+      )
+      const opus48 = yield* compileRequest(
+        LLM.request({
+          model: vertex.model("claude-opus-4-8"),
          messages: conversation,
          providerOptions: { effort: "low" },
        }),
      )

-      expect(systemMessages(prepared.body)).toHaveLength(0)
-      expect(prepared.body.output_config).toEqual({ effort: "low" })
+      expect(systemMessages(opus5.body)).toEqual([{ role: "system", content: [], output_config: { effort: "low" } }])
+      expect(opus5.body.output_config).toEqual({ effort: "high" })
+      expect(systemMessages(opus48.body)).toHaveLength(0)
+      expect(opus48.body.output_config).toEqual({ effort: "low" })
    }),
  )
 })
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "metadata": {
+    "model": "claude-opus-4-8",
+    "tags": [
+      "prefix:venice-chat",
+      "provider:venice",
+      "protocol:venice-chat",
+      "reasoning",
+      "tool",
+      "tool-loop",
+      "continuation",
+      "usage",
+      "signed"
+    ],
+    "name": "venice-chat/claude-opus-4-8-preserves-reasoning-through-a-tool-loop-and-follow-up",
+    "recordedAt": "2026-10-05T03:00:37.127Z"
+  },
+  "interactions": [
+    {
+      "transport": "http",
+      "request": {
+        "method": "POST",
+        "url": "https://api.venice.ai/api/v1/chat/completions",
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "application/json"
+        },
+        "body": "{\"model\":\"claude-opus-4-8\",\"messages\":[{\"role\":\"system\",\"content\":\"Use the provided tool for private data. After receiving the result, give only the requested number; do not call the tool again.\"},{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":\"Look up conversion rate for code ZEBRA. Then multiply that rate by 17 and add 9. You must use lookup_rate before answering.\"}],\"tools\":[{\"type\":\"function\",\"function\":{\"name\":\"lookup_rate\",\"description\":\"Retrieve the private conversion rate for a code. Only this tool knows the rate.\",\"parameters\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"properties\":{\"code\":{\"type\":\"string\",\"enum\":[\"ZEBRA\",\"MOOSE\"]}},\"required\":[\"code\"],\"additionalProperties\":false},\"strict\":false}}],\"stream\":true,\"stream_options\":{\"include_usage\":true},\"max_completion_tokens\":4096,\"reasoning\":{\"effort\":\"high\"},\"venice_parameters\":{\"include_venice_system_prompt\":false}}"
+      },
+      "response": {
+        "status": 200,
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "text/event-stream; charset=utf-8"
+        },
+        "body": "data: {\"id\":\"msg_011CfiLtM3Rj4dVUWFJAEjoy\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169233,\"model\":\"claude-opus-4-8\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"role\":\"assistant\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\n: processing\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"msg_011CfiLtM3Rj4dVUWFJAEjoy\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169234,\"model\":\"claude-opus-4-8\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\"I need to find the rate for\",\"reasoning_details\":[{\"type\":\"reasoning.text\",\"format\":\"anthropic-claude-v1\",\"index\":0,\"text\":\"I need to find the rate for\"}],\"content\":\"\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"msg_011CfiLtM3Rj4dVUWFJAEjoy\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169234,\"model\":\"claude-opus-4-8\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\" ZEBRA.\",\"reasoning_details\":[{\"type\":\"reasoning.text\",\"format\":\"anthropic-claude-v1\",\"index\":0,\"text\":\" ZEBRA.\"}],\"content\":\"\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"msg_011CfiLtM3Rj4dVUWFJAEjoy\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169234,\"model\":\"claude-opus-4-8\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\"\\n\\n\",\"reasoning_details\":[{\"type\":\"reasoning.text\",\"format\":\"anthropic-claude-v1\",\"index\":0,\"text\":\"\\n\\n\"}],\"content\":\"\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"msg_011CfiLtM3Rj4dVUWFJAEjoy\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169234,\"model\":\"claude-opus-4-8\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_details\":[{\"type\":\"reasoning.text\",\"format\":\"anthropic-claude-v1\",\"index\":0,\"text\":\"\",\"signature\":\"EsECCrwBCBIYAipASM082xA/ckQU1q1MLSuAGRD/F94kvqoBlyXoEKdxvH2f2kn+ESR0AZfmYtv8VB8ux7LQ+qq4DnODYQ2iBHemajIPY2xhdWRlLW9wdXMtNC04OABCCHRoaW5raW5nWiQ1YzJjNzI5YS0wMzVjLTQ5ZDYtODNiOC03NGNhZTAyMzU2NWRyEOtICOPsjcfgmcoVEjPetDWIAQGaAREKD2NsYXVkZS1vcHVzLTQtOKgB0qWM1gawAQISDFJE1AThUPJ/0OxIBxoMak46jCiQRsOzj1nIIjBV1UQ4WoUBtZX8F6kyFtKyRPkLdWp7WQKQYd+f4VT3GvmEqenUY2ANNJImtDj/BQAqMhz7JVFNqrlemYzJNRbF6ntHDPc2enCrd/tYXBG6nms1qbcfKWc7CYc2ZGogOqiItKNDGAE=\",\"id\":\"toolu_01KYDseHbTDZXSYg9bNwiwxU\"}],\"tool_calls\":[{\"index\":0,\"id\":\"toolu_01KYDseHbTDZXSYg9bNwiwxU\",\"type\":\"function\",\"function\":{\"name\":\"lookup_rate\",\"arguments\":\"\"}}],\"content\":\"\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"msg_011CfiLtM3Rj4dVUWFJAEjoy\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169234,\"model\":\"claude-opus-4-8\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"tool_calls\":[{\"index\":0,\"function\":{\"arguments\":\"{\\\"code\\\"\"}}]},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"msg_011CfiLtM3Rj4dVUWFJAEjoy\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169234,\"model\":\"claude-opus-4-8\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"tool_calls\":[{\"index\":0,\"function\":{\"arguments\":\": \\\"ZEBR\"}}]},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"msg_011CfiLtM3Rj4dVUWFJAEjoy\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169234,\"model\":\"claude-opus-4-8\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"tool_calls\":[{\"index\":0,\"function\":{\"arguments\":\"A\\\"}\"}}]},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"msg_011CfiLtM3Rj4dVUWFJAEjoy\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169234,\"model\":\"claude-opus-4-8\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{},\"finish_reason\":\"tool_calls\"}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"msg_011CfiLtM3Rj4dVUWFJAEjoy\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169234,\"model\":\"claude-opus-4-8\",\"choices\":[],\"usage\":{\"prompt_tokens\":499,\"completion_tokens\":74,\"total_tokens\":573,\"prompt_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":0}},\"cost\":{\"usd\":0.005214,\"diem\":0}}\n\ndata: [DONE]\n\n"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "transport": "http",
+      "request": {
+        "method": "POST",
+        "url": "https://api.venice.ai/api/v1/chat/completions",
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "application/json"
+        },
+        "body": "{\"model\":\"claude-opus-4-8\",\"messages\":[{\"role\":\"system\",\"content\":\"Use the provided tool for private data. After receiving the result, give only the requested number; do not call the tool again.\"},{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":\"Look up conversion rate for code ZEBRA. Then multiply that rate by 17 and add 9. You must use lookup_rate before answering.\"},{\"role\":\"assistant\",\"content\":null,\"tool_calls\":[{\"id\":\"toolu_01KYDseHbTDZXSYg9bNwiwxU\",\"type\":\"function\",\"function\":{\"name\":\"lookup_rate\",\"arguments\":\"{\\\"code\\\":\\\"ZEBRA\\\"}\"}}],\"reasoning_details\":[{\"type\":\"reasoning.text\",\"text\":\"I need to find the rate for ZEBRA.\\n\\n\",\"id\":\"toolu_01KYDseHbTDZXSYg9bNwiwxU\",\"format\":\"anthropic-claude-v1\",\"index\":0,\"signature\":\"EsECCrwBCBIYAipASM082xA/ckQU1q1MLSuAGRD/F94kvqoBlyXoEKdxvH2f2kn+ESR0AZfmYtv8VB8ux7LQ+qq4DnODYQ2iBHemajIPY2xhdWRlLW9wdXMtNC04OABCCHRoaW5raW5nWiQ1YzJjNzI5YS0wMzVjLTQ5ZDYtODNiOC03NGNhZTAyMzU2NWRyEOtICOPsjcfgmcoVEjPetDWIAQGaAREKD2NsYXVkZS1vcHVzLTQtOKgB0qWM1gawAQISDFJE1AThUPJ/0OxIBxoMak46jCiQRsOzj1nIIjBV1UQ4WoUBtZX8F6kyFtKyRPkLdWp7WQKQYd+f4VT3GvmEqenUY2ANNJImtDj/BQAqMhz7JVFNqrlemYzJNRbF6ntHDPc2enCrd/tYXBG6nms1qbcfKWc7CYc2ZGogOqiItKNDGAE=\"}],\"reasoning_content\":\"I need to find the rate for ZEBRA.\\n\\n\"},{\"role\":\"tool\",\"tool_call_id\":\"toolu_01KYDseHbTDZXSYg9bNwiwxU\",\"content\":\"{\\\"code\\\":\\\"ZEBRA\\\",\\\"rate\\\":23}\"}],\"tools\":[{\"type\":\"function\",\"function\":{\"name\":\"lookup_rate\",\"description\":\"Retrieve the private conversion rate for a code. Only this tool knows the rate.\",\"parameters\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"properties\":{\"code\":{\"type\":\"string\",\"enum\":[\"ZEBRA\",\"MOOSE\"]}},\"required\":[\"code\"],\"additionalProperties\":false},\"strict\":false}}],\"tool_choice\":\"none\",\"stream\":true,\"stream_options\":{\"include_usage\":true},\"max_completion_tokens\":4096,\"reasoning\":{\"effort\":\"high\"},\"venice_parameters\":{\"include_venice_system_prompt\":false}}"
+      },
+      "response": {
+        "status": 200,
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "text/event-stream; charset=utf-8"
+        },
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+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
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+}
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I’ll likely use the commentary channel for this tool call.\\n\\n__ENCRYPTED_REASONING__id=rs_014406f0f45e19c6016ac312f01d2487d2a5f2bdb7fbc42f76\\ngAAAAABqwxLxEN4vtmI2WcZ_aDDttdmPwAHgnV2gLZBo_f_mmTdGm4oZzE2JVzcj72AeXHyABmmo2VQN4nXaZK9GSSUZRlYL8mECMxKTj9AMgL8zlnuN5WDexxU-e9SduGP36RN9nH56-go4dz8eu5DEMvMf_TMoTnxz5AnC_UWbty63Vp8jEgkD-DoRjd0cg9LjthP_FLyMvP2Wj9qMJxEuO7Mw2_Pu4I3YeChnygLvmRfRR2QkamL5vjb9yHkl0Lb502vEGB2DW_czNEpHxisifvwRBjA7vk0mbn2dlhiR80aNHO71hC-QqrtUfPXx2HIbVLfbPdJf0saI0wD7ZuCJSQCBfB7fMCnj2ZLQeXa67lgXwsZDLBg4HmSJFvsMinx1IHIjUk7iebsKvmYx40cjqpXL3wj7htZWk2hO9OyGGUwlRsn5THdhTsgwg2SPbuHxb-sLPQnEFZ7bRp5lsVm31X2dlHDa1uZ7KLJZyy9g2CLIKsBwFFoCK7jY3HBXfL21ac5TAkOzVmz-XKl6OMPSl-PSdByOO15uHHpyOcJvJvuaea5Tj1nihtuDlhUP5EQPi7MiWpJMFo9AhDCafAbaQOEF5W8AQPeb_GXvPTzhySRAC8PxrhraEcZ4fjpjLqkv6mi_A1YHwbHEHHWjcK5VEKc3dadlIM_s6djclFBocVXrvnQQElVhWBDM-RtK9sgR07BFj5LVk6fYvg0b6gQnbDuQH18jhtPoj0SX0lN921XEQ1ebMCWGLANND2ew_wyNShYouJohefLULicWG57xh_yV1KEG1ufBedq2CPvCHA9Hm5UssbeJx5yBriyUA2Yh4D7j2UBT_KDWEHydDLQ4mWEyLTfQn0ZB3ZOqkU79z3HpK2w_VHUnkl5nEYEU2bmF5lsG33B4gtbQIBtZT76-fizXsvVZx__taOWXg96VMi3CD3DY0TS76B4U92KFmAFJ4aeiM8bkPuzf1Qd202EWE39CotUDoxAM6mzQu0NObTDnGQE776P6kzUoIKUmP8sDwYG5xot8ZTuXcBYysvj4-pFC_fvqMhsdfgonbke78SIjHtmePsOkfHBnCjSSUFKEbaM0nm8jJ6nYVwiYFuXBKD31QD462TAC7ORVIn32sWSgV2t3Sd7vq4ws2Yy7nUoILRAt_NYQUEXt7_R8J5YWj1L6Ruagk7Vtt-CAWxT6FhVyU4JhMb6-tJrYHgdmtunYrjpHBiOVdQR25aOmLbc_WlDvpO4azcRazpgkASAjPaaDycYceKcheiyUDBgFrvcSYrS1fJb6YZrTzOKw1Ztd0YsklS4nc3jffLNLrBQVvnkajj0OHjGcW8wkP93TCMJyt8tfIH0Rd5hIZLY5EqUWj9yZgXO7CuDKQZIEI0oZXef3mjfQqH8Q9rZsSgS3DI3mCF3CN003R_ZKKLGWkG8VzwlvdocNxaV_Z-ujp_O0YMyOcmEoTJI-j3JP3nefNboyP7EWND6VWDjJbqg64dvu0PK0EW5L0lnAu0l-WVb2qmXLYao_7bOlD8JLFZOyUgHAWmetmnm0NuxzevJEVBkNUu1jQatPzf2Jzf9SGKM_3bM_z0TM5McCZ2Pikzwp96QlaiEEWV_j2g02PT5Y3td-lfpoKxoFD5tltGNY9TlPzK-4a9Iz0hloiCprxWMLGKw2JzctrPF1xr42PKGNgPE84xAQ3sQ4mQ==\"},{\"role\":\"tool\",\"tool_call_id\":\"call_onp7EArhOgXu0hGRF6Y5WHLu\",\"content\":\"{\\\"code\\\":\\\"ZEBRA\\\",\\\"rate\\\":23}\"},{\"role\":\"assistant\",\"content\":\"400\",\"reasoning_details\":[{\"type\":\"reasoning.encrypted\",\"data\":\"gAAAAABqwxL0Nl6Jl5EZuOLine truncated
+      },
+      "response": {
+        "status": 200,
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "text/event-stream; charset=utf-8"
+        },
+        "body": "data: {\"id\":\"resp_014406f0f45e19c6016ac312f49b9c87d2afc60121b8910612\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169269,\"model\":\"openai-gpt-54-mini\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\"**Calculating a simple addition**\\n\\nThe\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"resp_014406f0f45e19c6016ac312f49b9c87d2afc60121b8910612\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169269,\"model\":\"openai-gpt-54-mini\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\" user\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"resp_014406f0f45e19c6016ac312f49b9c87d2afc60121b8910612\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169269,\"model\":\"openai-gpt-54-mini\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\" wants\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"resp_014406f0f45e19c6016ac312f49b9c87d2afc60121b8910612\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169269,\"model\":\"openai-gpt-54-mini\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\" me\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"resp_014406f0f45e19c6016ac312f49b9c87d2afc60121b8910612\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169269,\"model\":\"openai-gpt-54-mini\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\" to\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"resp_014406f0f45e19c6016ac312f49b9c87d2afc60121b8910612\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169269,\"model\":\"openai-gpt-54-mini\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\" add\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"resp_014406f0f45e19c6016ac312f49b9c87d2afc60121b8910612\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169269,\"model\":\"openai-gpt-54-mini\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\" 7\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"resp_014406f0f45e19c6016ac312f49b9c87d2afc60121b8910612\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169269,\"model\":\"openai-gpt-54-mini\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\" to\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"resp_014406f0f45e19c6016ac312f49b9c87d2afc60121b8910612\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169269,\"model\":\"openai-gpt-54-mini\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\" the\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"resp_014406f0f45e19c6016ac312f49b9c87d2afc60121b8910612\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169269,\"model\":\"openai-gpt-54-mini\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\" previous\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"resp_014406f0f45e19c6016ac312f49b9c87d2afc60121b8910612\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169269,\"model\":\"openai-gpt-54-mini\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\" final\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"resp_014406f0f45e19c6016ac312f49b9c87d2afc60121b8910612\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169269,\"model\":\"openai-gpt-54-mini\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\" answer\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"resp_014406f0f45e19c6016ac312f49b9c87d2afc60121b8910612\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169269,\"model\":\"openai-gpt-54-mini\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\",\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"resp_014406f0f45e19c6016ac312f49b9c87d2afc60121b8910612\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169269,\"model\":\"openai-gpt-54-mini\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\" which\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"resp_014406f0f45e19c6016ac312f49b9c87d2afc60121b8910612\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169269,\"model\":\"openai-gpt-54-mini\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\" was\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"resp_014406f0f45e19c6016ac312f49b9c87d2afc60121b8910612\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169269,\"model\":\"openai-gpt-54-mini\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\" 400\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"resp_014406f0f45e19c6016ac312f49b9c87d2afc60121b8910612\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169269,\"model\":\"openai-gpt-54-mini\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\".\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"resp_014406f0f45e19c6016ac312f49b9c87d2afc60121b8910612\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169269,\"model\":\"openai-gpt-54-mini\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"reasoning_content\":\" This\"},\"finish_reason\":null}]}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"resp_014406f0f45e19c6016ac312f49b9c87d2afc60121b8910612\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169269,\"model\":\"openai-gpt-54-mini\",\"Line truncated
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "metadata": {
+    "tags": [
+      "prefix:venice-chat",
+      "provider:venice",
+      "protocol:venice-chat",
+      "text",
+      "reasoning",
+      "toggle"
+    ],
+    "name": "venice-chat/qwen-disables-reasoning",
+    "recordedAt": "2026-10-05T02:59:04.614Z"
+  },
+  "interactions": [
+    {
+      "transport": "http",
+      "request": {
+        "method": "POST",
+        "url": "https://api.venice.ai/api/v1/chat/completions",
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "application/json"
+        },
+        "body": "{\"model\":\"qwen3-6-27b\",\"messages\":[{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":\"What is 23 multiplied by 17 plus 9? Reply with just the number.\"}],\"stream\":true,\"stream_options\":{\"include_usage\":true},\"max_completion_tokens\":4096,\"reasoning\":{\"enabled\":false},\"venice_parameters\":{\"include_venice_system_prompt\":false}}"
+      },
+      "response": {
+        "status": 200,
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "text/event-stream; charset=utf-8"
+        },
+        "body": "data: {\"service_tier\":null,\"id\":\"chatcmpl-RxYUpStKYw7YgEZcXjsb2dOt\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169144,\"model\":\"qwen3-6-27b\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"role\":\"assistant\",\"content\":\"\",\"reasoning_content\":null,\"tool_calls\":null},\"logprobs\":null,\"finish_reason\":null}],\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-RxYUpStKYw7YgEZcXjsb2dOt\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169144,\"model\":\"qwen3-6-27b\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"role\":\"assistant\",\"content\":\"\",\"reasoning_content\":null,\"tool_calls\":null},\"logprobs\":null,\"finish_reason\":null}],\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-RxYUpStKYw7YgEZcXjsb2dOt\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169144,\"model\":\"qwen3-6-27b\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"role\":null,\"content\":\"4\",\"reasoning_content\":null,\"tool_calls\":null},\"logprobs\":null,\"finish_reason\":null}],\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-RxYUpStKYw7YgEZcXjsb2dOt\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169144,\"model\":\"qwen3-6-27b\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"role\":null,\"content\":\"0\",\"reasoning_content\":null,\"tool_calls\":null},\"logprobs\":null,\"finish_reason\":null}],\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-RxYUpStKYw7YgEZcXjsb2dOt\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169144,\"model\":\"qwen3-6-27b\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"role\":null,\"content\":\"0\",\"reasoning_content\":null,\"tool_calls\":null},\"logprobs\":null,\"finish_reason\":null}],\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-RxYUpStKYw7YgEZcXjsb2dOt\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169144,\"model\":\"qwen3-6-27b\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"role\":null,\"content\":\"\",\"reasoning_content\":null,\"tool_calls\":null},\"logprobs\":null,\"finish_reason\":\"stop\"}]}\n\ndata: {\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-RxYUpStKYw7YgEZcXjsb2dOt\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1791169144,\"model\":\"qwen3-6-27b\",\"choices\":[],\"usage\":{\"prompt_tokens\":32,\"completion_tokens\":4,\"total_tokens\":36},\"cost\":{\"usd\":0.0000234,\"diem\":0}}\n\ndata: [DONE]\n\n"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "metadata": {
+    "tags": [
+      "prefix:venice-chat",
+      "provider:venice",
+      "protocol:venice-chat",
+      "error"
+    ],
+    "name": "venice-chat/surfaces-venice-model-errors",
+    "recordedAt": "2026-10-05T02:59:11.768Z"
+  },
+  "interactions": [
+    {
+      "transport": "http",
+      "request": {
+        "method": "POST",
+        "url": "https://api.venice.ai/api/v1/chat/completions",
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "application/json"
+        },
+        "body": "{\"model\":\"no-such-model-xyz\",\"messages\":[{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":\"Hello\"}],\"stream\":true,\"stream_options\":{\"include_usage\":true},\"venice_parameters\":{\"include_venice_system_prompt\":false}}"
+      },
+      "response": {
+        "status": 404,
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "application/json; charset=utf-8"
+        },
+        "body": "{\"error\":\"Specified model not found: no-such-model-xyz. Did you mean: z-ai-glm-5-3, z-ai-glm-5-3-flash, z-ai-glm-5-turbo?\"}"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import { LLM } from "../../src/index.js"
+import { Venice } from "../../src/providers.js"
+
+LLM.request({
+  model: Venice.chat("qwen3-6-27b"),
+  providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "high", reasoning: { summary: "concise" }, veniceParameters: { includeVeniceSystemPrompt: false } },
+})
+LLM.request({
+  model: Venice.configure({ providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "future-effort" } }).model("future-model"),
+  providerOptions: { reasoning: { enabled: false }, promptCacheRetention: "future-retention", parallelToolCalls: false },
+})
+LLM.request({
+  model: Venice.chat("qwen3-6-27b"),
+  // @ts-expect-error Thinking toggles are boolean.
+  providerOptions: { reasoning: { enabled: "false" } },
+})
+LLM.request({
+  model: Venice.chat("qwen3-6-27b"),
+  // @ts-expect-error Venice uses nested reasoning, not Anthropic thinking controls.
+  providerOptions: { thinking: { type: "disabled" } },
+})
+LLM.request({
+  model: Venice.chat("qwen3-6-27b"),
+  // @ts-expect-error Venice's system-prompt toggle is boolean.
+  providerOptions: { veniceParameters: { includeVeniceSystemPrompt: "false" } },
+})
@@ -431,42 +431,115 @@ describe("Anthropic Messages route", () => {
        (yield* compileRequest(
          LLM.request({
            model: opus48,
-            messages: [Message.user("Before."), Message.system("One."), Message.system("Two.")],
+            messages: [
+              Message.user("Start."),
+              Message.assistant("One."),
+              Message.system("Update."),
+              Message.assistant("Two."),
+            ],
            cache: "none",
          }),
        )).body.messages,
      ).toEqual([
-        {
-          role: "user",
-          content: [
-            { type: "text", text: "Before." },
-            { type: "text", text: "<system-update>\nOne.\n</system-update>" },
-            { type: "text", text: "<system-update>\nTwo.\n</system-update>" },
-          ],
-        },
+        { role: "user", content: [{ type: "text", text: "Start." }] },
+        { role: "assistant", content: [{ type: "text", text: "One." }] },
+        { role: "user", content: [{ type: "text", text: "<system-update>\nUpdate.\n</system-update>" }] },
+        { role: "assistant", content: [{ type: "text", text: "Two." }] },
      ])
    }),
  )

-  it.effect("keeps a terminal Vertex system update in the tool-result turn", () =>
+  it.effect("moves system updates to the next assistant turn and sends consecutive updates together", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const lower = (messages: ReadonlyArray<Message>) =>
+        compileRequest(LLM.request({ model: opus48, messages: [...messages], cache: "none" })).pipe(
+          Effect.map((prepared) => prepared.body.messages),
+        )
+      const system = (text: string) => ({ role: "system", content: [{ type: "text", text, cache_control: undefined }] })
+      const user = (text: string) => ({ role: "user", content: [{ type: "text", text }] })
+      const assistant = (text: string) => ({ role: "assistant", content: [{ type: "text", text }] })
+
+      expect(
+        yield* lower([
+          Message.user("Fix it."),
+          Message.assistant("Done."),
+          Message.system("Update."),
+          Message.user("Next."),
+        ]),
+      ).toEqual([user("Fix it."), assistant("Done."), user("Next."), system("Update.")])
+      expect(yield* lower([Message.user("Before."), Message.system("One."), Message.system("Two.")])).toEqual([
+        user("Before."),
+        system("One."),
+        system("Two."),
+      ])
+      expect(
+        yield* lower([
+          Message.user("Fix it."),
+          Message.assistant("Done."),
+          Message.system("One."),
+          Message.user("Next."),
+          Message.system("Two."),
+          Message.assistant("After."),
+        ]),
+      ).toEqual([
+        user("Fix it."),
+        assistant("Done."),
+        user("Next."),
+        system("One."),
+        system("Two."),
+        assistant("After."),
+      ])
+      expect(
+        yield* lower([
+          Message.user("Use the tool."),
+          Message.assistant([ToolCallPart.make({ id: "call_1", name: "lookup", input: {} })]),
+          Message.tool({ id: "call_1", name: "lookup", result: "Done." }),
+          Message.system("Update."),
+          Message.user("Also check tests."),
+        ]),
+      ).toEqual([
+        user("Use the tool."),
+        { role: "assistant", content: [{ type: "tool_use", id: "call_1", name: "lookup", input: {} }] },
+        { role: "user", content: [{ type: "tool_result", tool_use_id: "call_1", content: '"Done."' }] },
+        user("Also check tests."),
+        system("Update."),
+      ])
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("keeps wrapped system updates in place for models without native system updates", () =>
    Effect.gen(function* () {
      const prepared = yield* compileRequest(
        LLM.request({
-          model: vertexOpus48,
+          model,
          messages: [
-            Message.assistant([ToolCallPart.make({ id: "call_1", name: "lookup", input: {} })]),
-            Message.tool({ id: "call_1", name: "lookup", result: "Done." }),
-            Message.system("Operator update."),
+            Message.user("Fix it."),
+            Message.assistant("Done."),
+            Message.system("Update."),
+            Message.user("Next."),
          ],
          cache: "none",
        }),
      )

      expect(prepared.body.messages).toEqual([
-        {
-          role: "assistant",
-          content: [{ type: "tool_use", id: "call_1", name: "lookup", input: {} }],
-        },
+        { role: "user", content: [{ type: "text", text: "Fix it." }] },
+        { role: "assistant", content: [{ type: "text", text: "Done." }] },
+        { role: "user", content: [{ type: "text", text: "<system-update>\nUpdate.\n</system-update>" }] },
+        { role: "user", content: [{ type: "text", text: "Next." }] },
+      ])
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("sends Vertex system updates after local tool results as native system messages", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const toolTurn = [
+        Message.assistant([ToolCallPart.make({ id: "call_1", name: "lookup", input: {} })]),
+        Message.tool({ id: "call_1", name: "lookup", result: "Done." }),
+        Message.system("Operator update."),
+      ]
+      const lowered = [
+        { role: "assistant", content: [{ type: "tool_use", id: "call_1", name: "lookup", input: {} }] },
        {
          role: "user",
          content: [
@@ -477,55 +550,23 @@ describe("Anthropic Messages route", () => {
              is_error: undefined,
              cache_control: undefined,
            },
-            {
-              type: "text",
-              text: "<system-update>\nOperator update.\n</system-update>",
-              cache_control: undefined,
-            },
          ],
        },
-      ])
-    }),
-  )
+        { role: "system", content: [{ type: "text", text: "Operator update.", cache_control: undefined }] },
+      ]

-  it.effect("preserves folded tool-result system updates across multi-turn Vertex history", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const prepared = yield* compileRequest(
+      const terminal = yield* compileRequest(LLM.request({ model: vertexOpus48, messages: toolTurn, cache: "none" }))
+      const history = yield* compileRequest(
        LLM.request({
          model: vertexOpus48,
-          messages: [
-            Message.assistant([ToolCallPart.make({ id: "call_1", name: "lookup", input: {} })]),
-            Message.tool({ id: "call_1", name: "lookup", result: "Done." }),
-            Message.system("Operator update."),
-            Message.assistant("Acknowledged."),
-            Message.user("Next step."),
-          ],
+          messages: [...toolTurn, Message.assistant("Acknowledged."), Message.user("Next step.")],
          cache: "none",
        }),
      )

-      expect(prepared.body.messages).toEqual([
-        {
-          role: "assistant",
-          content: [{ type: "tool_use", id: "call_1", name: "lookup", input: {} }],
-        },
-        {
-          role: "user",
-          content: [
-            {
-              type: "tool_result",
-              tool_use_id: "call_1",
-              content: '"Done."',
-              is_error: undefined,
-              cache_control: undefined,
-            },
-            {
-              type: "text",
-              text: "<system-update>\nOperator update.\n</system-update>",
-              cache_control: undefined,
-            },
-          ],
-        },
+      expect(terminal.body.messages).toEqual(lowered)
+      expect(history.body.messages).toEqual([
+        ...lowered,
        { role: "assistant", content: [{ type: "text", text: "Acknowledged." }] },
        { role: "user", content: [{ type: "text", text: "Next step." }] },
      ])
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+import { expect } from "bun:test"
+import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
+import { LLM, LLMEvent, LLMRequest, Message, ToolChoice, ToolDefinition } from "../../src/index.js"
+import { Venice } from "../../src/providers.js"
+import { LLMClient } from "../../src/route.js"
+import { compileRequest } from "../../src/route/client.js"
+import { recordedTests } from "../recorded-test.js"
+
+const apiKey = process.env.VENICE_API_KEY ?? "fixture"
+const recorded = recordedTests({
+  prefix: "venice-chat",
+  provider: "venice",
+  protocol: "venice-chat",
+  requires: ["VENICE_API_KEY"],
+})
+const lookup = ToolDefinition.make({
+  name: "lookup_rate",
+  description: "Retrieve the private conversion rate for a code. Only this tool knows the rate.",
+  inputSchema: {
+    type: "object",
+    properties: { code: { type: "string", enum: ["ZEBRA", "MOOSE"] } },
+    required: ["code"],
+    additionalProperties: false,
+  },
+})
+
+for (const item of [
+  { model: "deepseek-v4-flash", reasoning: "scalar" },
+  { model: "claude-opus-4-8", reasoning: "signed", effort: "high" },
+  { model: "gemini-3-1-pro-preview", reasoning: "details", effort: "high" },
+  { model: "openai-gpt-54-mini", reasoning: "encrypted" },
+] as const) {
+  recorded.effect.with(
+    `${item.model} preserves reasoning through a tool loop and follow-up`,
+    {
+      tags: ["reasoning", "tool", "tool-loop", "continuation", "usage", item.reasoning],
+      metadata: { model: item.model },
+    },
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const request = LLM.request({
+          model: Venice.configure({ apiKey }).chat(item.model),
+          system:
+            "Use the provided tool for private data. After receiving the result, give only the requested number; do not call the tool again.",
+          prompt:
+            "Look up conversion rate for code ZEBRA. Then multiply that rate by 17 and add 9. You must use lookup_rate before answering.",
+          tools: [lookup],
+          generation: { maxTokens: 4096 },
+          providerOptions: "effort" in item ? { reasoningEffort: item.effort } : undefined,
+        })
+        const first = yield* LLMClient.generate(request)
+        expect(first.toolCalls).toMatchObject([{ name: "lookup_rate", input: { code: "ZEBRA" } }])
+        expect(first.finishReason.normalized).toBe("tool-calls")
+        expect(first.events.filter(LLMEvent.is.finish)).toHaveLength(1)
+        const continuation = LLMRequest.update(request, {
+          toolChoice: ToolChoice.make("none"),
+          messages: [
+            ...request.messages,
+            first.message,
+            ...first.toolCalls.map((call) =>
+              Message.tool({ id: call.id, name: call.name, result: { code: "ZEBRA", rate: 23 } }),
+            ),
+          ],
+        })
+        const compiled = yield* compileRequest(continuation)
+        const assistant = compiled.body.messages.find((message) => message.role === "assistant")
+        expect(assistant).toBeDefined()
+        // Some models call a tool immediately and only reason after its result.
+        if (item.reasoning === "scalar" && first.reasoning.length > 0) {
+          expect(assistant).toMatchObject({ reasoning_content: first.reasoning })
+        }
+        if (item.reasoning === "signed") {
+          const details = first.message.content
+            .filter((part) => part.type === "reasoning")
+            .flatMap((part) => part.providerMetadata?.venice?.reasoningDetails ?? [])
+          expect(details).toEqual(
+            expect.arrayContaining([
+              expect.objectContaining({ type: "reasoning.text", signature: expect.any(String) }),
+            ]),
+          )
+          expect(assistant).toMatchObject({ reasoning_details: details })
+        }
+        if (item.reasoning === "details")
+          expect(assistant).toMatchObject({
+            reasoning_details: expect.arrayContaining([
+              expect.objectContaining({ type: "reasoning.encrypted", data: expect.any(String) }),
+            ]),
+          })
+        if (item.reasoning === "encrypted") {
+          expect(first.reasoning).not.toContain("__ENCRYPTED_REASONING__")
+          const details = first.message.content
+            .filter((part) => part.type === "reasoning")
+            .flatMap((part) => part.providerMetadata?.venice?.reasoningDetails ?? [])
+          if (details.length > 0) expect(assistant).toMatchObject({ reasoning_details: details })
+        }
+        const second = yield* LLMClient.generate(continuation)
+        expect(second.text).toContain("400")
+        expect(second.reasoning).not.toContain("__ENCRYPTED_REASONING__")
+        expect(second.toolCalls).toHaveLength(0)
+        expect(second.finishReason.normalized).toBe("stop")
+        expect(second.usage?.inputTokens).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+        expect(second.usage?.outputTokens).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+        const followUp = LLMRequest.update(continuation, {
+          messages: [
+            ...continuation.messages,
+            second.message,
+            Message.user("Add 7 to your previous final answer. Reply with just the number."),
+          ],
+        })
+        const third = yield* LLMClient.generate(followUp)
+        expect(third.text).toContain("407")
+        expect(third.finishReason.normalized).toBe("stop")
+        if (item.reasoning === "encrypted") {
+          expect(
+            [first, second, third].flatMap((response) =>
+              response.message.content
+                .filter((part) => part.type === "reasoning")
+                .flatMap((part) => part.providerMetadata?.venice?.reasoningDetails ?? []),
+            ),
+          ).toEqual(
+            expect.arrayContaining([
+              expect.objectContaining({ type: "reasoning.encrypted", data: expect.any(String) }),
+            ]),
+          )
+        }
+      }),
+    180_000,
+  )
+}
+
+recorded.effect.with(
+  "Gemini preserves per-call signatures through parallel tools",
+  { tags: ["tool", "parallel", "signature"] },
+  () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const request = LLM.request({
+        model: Venice.configure({ apiKey }).chat("gemini-3-8-flash"),
+        prompt:
+          "Look up private rates for both ZEBRA and MOOSE using two calls to lookup_rate. Then add the rates and multiply by 7. Use parallel calls if possible.",
+        tools: [lookup],
+        providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "high", parallelToolCalls: true },
+        generation: { maxTokens: 4096 },
+      })
+      const first = yield* LLMClient.generate(request)
+      expect(first.toolCalls).toHaveLength(2)
+      const continuation = LLMRequest.update(request, {
+        toolChoice: ToolChoice.make("none"),
+        messages: [
+          ...request.messages,
+          first.message,
+          ...first.toolCalls.map((call) =>
+            Message.tool({
+              id: call.id,
+              name: call.name,
+              result: {
+                rate:
+                  Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Schema.Struct({ code: Schema.String }))(call.input).code === "ZEBRA"
+                    ? 23
+                    : 31,
+              },
+            }),
+          ),
+        ],
+      })
+      const compiled = yield* compileRequest(continuation)
+      expect(compiled.body.messages).toEqual(
+        expect.arrayContaining([
+          expect.objectContaining({
+            tool_calls: first.toolCalls.map((call) =>
+              expect.objectContaining({
+                id: call.id,
+                ...(call.providerMetadata?.venice?.thoughtSignature === undefined
+                  ? {}
+                  : { thought_signature: call.providerMetadata.venice.thoughtSignature }),
+              }),
+            ),
+          }),
+        ]),
+      )
+      const second = yield* LLMClient.generate(continuation)
+      expect(second.text).toContain("378")
+      const signature = second.message.content
+        .filter((part) => part.type === "text")
+        .map((part) => part.providerMetadata?.venice?.messageThoughtSignature)
+        .find((value) => value !== undefined)
+      expect(signature).toEqual(expect.any(String))
+      const followUp = LLMRequest.update(continuation, {
+        messages: [
+          ...continuation.messages,
+          second.message,
+          Message.user("Add 7 to your previous final answer. Reply with just the number."),
+        ],
+      })
+      expect((yield* compileRequest(followUp)).body.messages).toEqual(
+        expect.arrayContaining([expect.objectContaining({ role: "assistant", thought_signature: signature })]),
+      )
+      expect((yield* LLMClient.generate(followUp)).text).toContain("385")
+    }),
+  180_000,
+)
+
+recorded.effect.with(
+  "Qwen disables reasoning",
+  { tags: ["text", "reasoning", "toggle"] },
+  () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(
+        LLM.request({
+          model: Venice.configure({ apiKey }).chat("qwen3-6-27b"),
+          prompt: "What is 23 multiplied by 17 plus 9? Reply with just the number.",
+          providerOptions: { reasoning: { enabled: false } },
+          generation: { maxTokens: 4096 },
+        }),
+      )
+      expect(response.text).toContain("400")
+      expect(response.reasoning).toBe("")
+    }),
+  120_000,
+)
+
+recorded.effect.with("surfaces Venice model errors", { tags: ["error"] }, () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const result = yield* LLMClient.generate(
+      LLM.request({ model: Venice.configure({ apiKey }).chat("no-such-model-xyz"), prompt: "Hello" }),
+    ).pipe(Effect.result)
+    expect(result._tag).toBe("Failure")
+    if (result._tag === "Failure") {
+      expect(result.failure.reason._tag).toBe("InvalidRequest")
+      expect(result.failure.message).toContain("Specified model not found")
+      expect(result.failure.reason.http?.status).toBe(404)
+    }
+  }),
+)
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+import { expect } from "bun:test"
+import { ConfigProvider, Effect } from "effect"
+import { Headers } from "effect/unstable/http"
+import { Auth, LLM, LLMClient, Message } from "../../src/index.js"
+import { OpenAI, Venice } from "../../src/providers.js"
+import { compileRequest } from "../../src/route/client.js"
+import { Endpoint } from "../../src/route/endpoint.js"
+import { it } from "../lib/effect.js"
+import { fixedResponse } from "../lib/http.js"
+import { sseEvents } from "../lib/sse.js"
+
+const model = Venice.configure({ apiKey: "fixture" }).chat("fixture-model")
+const frame = (delta: Record<string, unknown>, finish_reason: string | null = null) => ({
+  choices: [{ delta, finish_reason }],
+})
+
+it.effect("Venice owns its endpoint, environment auth, aliases, and SDK-compatible prompt default", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    expect(Venice.provider.model).toBe(Venice.provider.chat)
+    const selected = Venice.chat("qwen3-6-27b")
+    const request = LLM.request({ model: selected, prompt: "Hello", promptCacheKey: "session-123" })
+    const compiled = yield* compileRequest(request)
+    const url = Endpoint.render(selected.route.endpoint, { request, body: compiled.body }).toString()
+    expect(url).toBe("https://api.venice.ai/api/v1/chat/completions")
+    expect(selected.provider).toBe("venice")
+    expect(compiled.body.venice_parameters).toEqual({ include_venice_system_prompt: false })
+    expect(compiled.body.prompt_cache_key).toBe("session-123")
+    expect(compiled.body.store).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(compiled.body.stream_options).toEqual({ include_usage: true })
+    const headers = yield* selected.route.auth.apply({
+      request,
+      method: "POST",
+      url,
+      body: "{}",
+      headers: Headers.empty,
+    })
+    expect(headers.authorization).toBe("Bearer fixture")
+    const custom = Venice.configure({
+      baseURL: "https://gateway.example/v1",
+      queryParams: { deployment: "private" },
+      auth: Auth.header("x-key", "fixture"),
+    }).chat("qwen3-6-27b")
+    expect(Endpoint.render(custom.route.endpoint, { request, body: compiled.body }).toString()).toBe(
+      "https://gateway.example/v1/chat/completions?deployment=private",
+    )
+  }).pipe(Effect.provide(ConfigProvider.layer(ConfigProvider.fromEnv({ env: { VENICE_API_KEY: "fixture" } })))),
+)
+
+it.effect("Venice lowers typed options, model defaults, and explicit reasoning overrides", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const compiled = yield* compileRequest(
+      LLM.request({
+        model: Venice.configure({ apiKey: "fixture", providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "low" } }).model(
+          "qwen3-6-27b",
+        ),
+        generation: { maxTokens: 200, topK: 20 },
+        providerOptions: {
+          reasoningEffort: "future-effort",
+          reasoning: { effort: "high", enabled: true, summary: "concise" },
+          veniceParameters: { includeVeniceSystemPrompt: true, enableWebSearch: "auto", stripThinkingResponse: false },
+          parallelToolCalls: false,
+          maxCompletionTokens: 123,
+          minP: 0.1,
+          repetitionPenalty: 1.1,
+          stopTokenIds: [12],
+          promptCacheRetention: "24h",
+          logprobs: true,
+          topLogprobs: 2,
+          minTemp: 0.1,
+          maxTemp: 1.5,
+          responseFormat: { type: "json_object" },
+          user: "user-123",
+        },
+      }),
+    )
+    expect(compiled.body).toMatchObject({
+      max_completion_tokens: 123,
+      top_k: 20,
+      min_p: 0.1,
+      repetition_penalty: 1.1,
+      reasoning: { effort: "future-effort", enabled: true, summary: "concise" },
+      venice_parameters: {
+        include_venice_system_prompt: true,
+        enable_web_search: "auto",
+        strip_thinking_response: false,
+      },
+      parallel_tool_calls: false,
+      stop_token_ids: [12],
+      prompt_cache_retention: "24h",
+      logprobs: true,
+      top_logprobs: 2,
+      min_temp: 0.1,
+      max_temp: 1.5,
+      response_format: { type: "json_object" },
+      user: "user-123",
+    })
+    expect(compiled.body.reasoning_effort).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(compiled.body.max_tokens).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(
+      (yield* compileRequest(LLM.request({ model, providerOptions: { reasoning: { enabled: false } } }))).body
+        .reasoning,
+    ).toEqual({ enabled: false })
+    expect(
+      (yield* compileRequest(LLM.request({ model, cache: "none", promptCacheKey: "session-123" }))).body
+        .prompt_cache_key,
+    ).toBeUndefined()
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("Venice hides encrypted trailers across every marker split while preserving exact replay", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const marker = "__ENCRYPTED_REASONING__"
+    for (const split of Array.from({ length: marker.length + 1 }, (_, index) => index)) {
+      const raw = `Visible summary\n${marker}id=rs_123\nopaque-payload`
+      const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(LLM.request({ model, prompt: "Hello" })).pipe(
+        Effect.provide(
+          fixedResponse(
+            sseEvents(
+              frame({ reasoning_content: `Visible summary\n${marker.slice(0, split)}` }),
+              frame({
+                reasoning_content: `${marker.slice(split)}id=rs_123\nopaque-payload`,
+                reasoning_details: [
+                  {
+                    type: "reasoning.encrypted",
+                    data: "opaque-payload",
+                    format: "openai-responses-v1",
+                    id: "rs_123",
+                    index: 0,
+                  },
+                ],
+              }),
+              frame({ content: "42" }, "stop"),
+            ),
+          ),
+        ),
+      )
+      expect(response.reasoning).toBe("Visible summary\n")
+      expect(
+        response.events
+          .filter((event) => event.type === "reasoning-delta")
+          .map((event) => event.text)
+          .join(""),
+      ).toBe("Visible summary\n")
+      const replay = yield* compileRequest(LLM.request({ model, messages: [Message.user("Hello"), response.message] }))
+      expect(replay.body.messages).toEqual(
+        expect.arrayContaining([
+          expect.objectContaining({
+            role: "assistant",
+            reasoning_content: raw,
+            reasoning_details: [
+              {
+                type: "reasoning.encrypted",
+                data: "opaque-payload",
+                format: "openai-responses-v1",
+                id: "rs_123",
+                index: 0,
+              },
+            ],
+          }),
+        ]),
+      )
+    }
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("Venice preserves opaque-only reasoning and does not eat an incomplete marker prefix", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    for (const scalar of ["__ENCRYPTED_REASONING__opaque", "normal _", "normal __ENCRYPTED_"]) {
+      const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(LLM.request({ model, prompt: "Hello" })).pipe(
+        Effect.provide(
+          fixedResponse(sseEvents(frame({ reasoning_content: scalar }), frame({ content: "42" }, "stop"))),
+        ),
+      )
+      expect(response.reasoning).toBe(scalar.startsWith("__ENCRYPTED_REASONING__") ? "" : scalar)
+      const body = (yield* compileRequest(LLM.request({ model, messages: [response.message] }))).body
+      expect(body.messages).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining([expect.objectContaining({ reasoning_content: scalar })]))
+    }
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("Venice encrypted trailers do not change the base OpenAI Chat protocol", () =>
+  LLMClient.generate(
+    LLM.request({ model: OpenAI.configure({ apiKey: "fixture" }).chat("gpt-4o"), prompt: "Hello" }),
+  ).pipe(
+    Effect.provide(
+      fixedResponse(
+        sseEvents(
+          frame({ reasoning_content: "text __ENCRYPTED_REASONING__payload" }),
+          frame({ content: "42" }, "stop"),
+        ),
+      ),
+    ),
+    Effect.tap((response) => Effect.sync(() => expect(response.reasoning).toBe("text __ENCRYPTED_REASONING__payload"))),
+  ),
+)
+
+it.effect("Venice keeps late Gemini signatures attached to the correct parallel call", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(LLM.request({ model, prompt: "Lookup" })).pipe(
+      Effect.provide(
+        fixedResponse(
+          sseEvents(
+            frame({
+              tool_calls: [
+                { index: 0, id: "call_0", function: { name: "lookup", arguments: '{"key":"A"}' } },
+                { index: 1, id: "call_1", function: { name: "lookup", arguments: '{"key":"B"}' } },
+              ],
+            }),
+            frame({ tool_calls: [{ index: 0, thought_signature: "signed-first-call" }] }),
+            frame({}, "tool_calls"),
+          ),
+        ),
+      ),
+    )
+    expect(response.toolCalls).toHaveLength(2)
+    expect(response.toolCalls[0].providerMetadata?.venice?.thoughtSignature).toBe("signed-first-call")
+    expect(response.toolCalls[1].providerMetadata?.venice?.thoughtSignature).toBeUndefined()
+    const replay = yield* compileRequest(LLM.request({ model, messages: [Message.user("Lookup"), response.message] }))
+    expect(replay.body.messages).toEqual(
+      expect.arrayContaining([
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          tool_calls: [
+            expect.objectContaining({ id: "call_0", thought_signature: "signed-first-call" }),
+            expect.not.objectContaining({ thought_signature: expect.anything() }),
+          ],
+        }),
+      ]),
+    )
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("Venice preserves message signatures even for identical answers and empty intervening messages", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(LLM.request({ model, prompt: "Hello" })).pipe(
+      Effect.provide(
+        fixedResponse(
+          sseEvents(frame({ content: "42" }), frame({ thought_signature: "second-signature" }), frame({}, "stop")),
+        ),
+      ),
+    )
+    const request = LLM.request({
+      model,
+      messages: [
+        Message.assistant([
+          { type: "text", text: "42", providerMetadata: { venice: { messageThoughtSignature: "first-signature" } } },
+        ]),
+        Message.assistant(""),
+        response.message,
+      ],
+    })
+    expect((yield* compileRequest(request)).body.messages).toEqual([
+      { role: "assistant", content: "42", thought_signature: "first-signature" },
+      { role: "assistant", content: "42", thought_signature: "second-signature" },
+    ])
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("Venice merges signed Claude reasoning without losing its final signature", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(LLM.request({ model, prompt: "Hello" })).pipe(
+      Effect.provide(
+        fixedResponse(
+          sseEvents(
+            frame({
+              reasoning_content: "Think ",
+              reasoning_details: [{ type: "reasoning.text", text: "Think ", format: "anthropic-claude-v1", index: 0 }],
+            }),
+            frame({
+              reasoning_content: "carefully",
+              reasoning_details: [
+                { type: "reasoning.text", text: "carefully", format: "anthropic-claude-v1", index: 0 },
+              ],
+            }),
+            frame({
+              reasoning_details: [
+                {
+                  type: "reasoning.text",
+                  text: "",
+                  signature: "claude-signature",
+                  format: "anthropic-claude-v1",
+                  index: 0,
+                },
+              ],
+            }),
+            frame({ content: "42" }, "stop"),
+          ),
+        ),
+      ),
+    )
+    expect(response.reasoning).toBe("Think carefully")
+    expect((yield* compileRequest(LLM.request({ model, messages: [response.message] }))).body.messages).toEqual(
+      expect.arrayContaining([
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          reasoning_details: [
+            {
+              type: "reasoning.text",
+              text: "Think carefully",
+              signature: "claude-signature",
+              format: "anthropic-claude-v1",
+              index: 0,
+            },
+          ],
+        }),
+      ]),
+    )
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("Venice maps cache-write usage and retains the raw wire spelling", () =>
+  LLMClient.generate(LLM.request({ model, prompt: "Hello" })).pipe(
+    Effect.provide(
+      fixedResponse(
+        sseEvents(frame({ content: "42" }, "stop"), {
+          choices: [],
+          usage: {
+            prompt_tokens: 100,
+            completion_tokens: 20,
+            total_tokens: 120,
+            prompt_tokens_details: { cached_tokens: 40, cache_creation_input_tokens: 30 },
+            completion_tokens_details: { reasoning_tokens: 10 },
+          },
+        }),
+      ),
+    ),
+    Effect.tap((response) =>
+      Effect.sync(() => {
+        expect(response.usage).toMatchObject({
+          inputTokens: 100,
+          outputTokens: 20,
+          nonCachedInputTokens: 30,
+          cacheReadInputTokens: 40,
+          cacheWriteInputTokens: 30,
+          reasoningTokens: 10,
+        })
+        expect(response.usage?.providerMetadata?.venice).toMatchObject({
+          prompt_tokens_details: { cache_creation_input_tokens: 30 },
+        })
+      }),
+    ),
+  ),
+)
+
+it.effect("Venice surfaces HTTP string errors and streaming validation details without losing the payload", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const http = yield* LLMClient.generate(LLM.request({ model, prompt: "Hello" })).pipe(
+      Effect.provide(
+        fixedResponse('{"error":"Specified model not found"}', {
+          status: 404,
+          headers: { "content-type": "application/json" },
+        }),
+      ),
+      Effect.result,
+    )
+    expect(http._tag).toBe("Failure")
+    if (http._tag === "Failure") expect(http.failure.message).toContain("Specified model not found")
+    const payload = {
+      error: "Invalid request parameters",
+      issues: [{ message: "Unsupported value", path: ["reasoning", "effort"] }],
+    }
+    const streamed = yield* LLMClient.generate(LLM.request({ model, prompt: "Hello" })).pipe(
+      Effect.provide(fixedResponse(sseEvents(payload))),
+      Effect.result,
+    )
+    expect(streamed._tag).toBe("Failure")
+    if (streamed._tag === "Failure") {
+      expect(streamed.failure.message).toContain("reasoning.effort: Unsupported value")
+      expect(JSON.parse(streamed.failure.reason.body ?? "{}")).toEqual(payload)
+    }
+  }),
+)
@@ -650,6 +650,43 @@ test.describe("Working", () => {
    })
  }

+  test("keeps Working while a new read joins a standalone read group", async ({ page }) => {
+    const timeline = await setupTimeline(page, {
+      messages: [
+        userMessage(),
+        assistantMessage(
+          ["one", "two", "three"].map((name) =>
+            toolPart(`prt_read_${name}`, "read", "completed", { path: `src/${name}.ts` }),
+          ),
+          { completed: false },
+        ),
+      ],
+      settings: { timelineDetail: timelinePresets[0].value },
+    })
+
+    const working = page.locator('[data-component="session-working"]')
+    const group = page.locator('[data-component="read-tool-group"]')
+    const shimmer = group.locator('[data-component="text-shimmer"]')
+    await expect(group).toHaveAttribute("data-timeline-part-ids", "prt_read_one,prt_read_two,prt_read_three")
+    await expect(working).toBeVisible()
+
+    await timeline.send(partUpdated(toolPart("prt_read_four", "read", "streaming", { path: "src/four.ts" })))
+    await expect(group).toHaveAttribute(
+      "data-timeline-part-ids",
+      "prt_read_one,prt_read_two,prt_read_three,prt_read_four",
+    )
+    await expect(shimmer).toHaveAttribute("data-active", "true")
+    await expect(working).toBeVisible()
+
+    await timeline.send(partUpdated(toolPart("prt_read_four", "read", "running", { path: "src/four.ts" })))
+    await expect(group.locator('[data-slot="basic-tool-tool-subtitle"]')).toHaveText("one.ts, two.ts, three.ts, four.ts")
+    await expect(working).toBeVisible()
+
+    await timeline.send(partUpdated(toolPart("prt_read_four", "read", "completed", { path: "src/four.ts" })))
+    await expect(shimmer).toHaveAttribute("data-active", "false")
+    await expect(working).toBeVisible()
+  })
+
  for (const grouped of [false, true]) {
    test(`uses ${grouped ? "grouped" : "standalone"} background shell presentation`, async ({ page }) => {
      await setupTimeline(page, {
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@opencode/app",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "description": "",
  "type": "module",
  "exports": {
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { IconButton } from "@opencode/ui/icon-button"
 import { Menu } from "@opencode/ui/menu"
 import { TextShimmer } from "@opencode/ui/text-shimmer"
 import { createMemo, For, Show } from "solid-js"
+import { createStore } from "solid-js/store"
 import { useLanguage } from "@/runtime/i18n/language"
 import { useServerSDK } from "@/runtime/server/client"
 import { useServer } from "@/runtime/server/current"
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ export function SessionRunningMenu(props: {
  const openRoute = useOpenSessionRoute()
  const server = useServer()
  const sdk = useServerSDK()
+  const [menu, setMenu] = createStore({ open: false })
  const sessionAgent = (id: string | undefined) => (id ? server.ctx.data.session.get(id)?.agent : undefined)

  // Foreground shells stay out: the timeline already shows them at the bottom.
@@ -105,7 +107,7 @@ export function SessionRunningMenu(props: {

  return (
    <Show when={items().length > 0}>
-      <Menu gutter={6} placement="bottom-start">
+      <Menu gutter={6} placement="bottom-start" open={menu.open} onOpenChange={(open) => setMenu("open", open)}>
        <Menu.Trigger
          as="button"
          type="button"
@@ -123,7 +125,12 @@ export function SessionRunningMenu(props: {
                  class="group/running-item"
                  classList={{ "!bg-v2-overlay-simple-overlay-hover": viewing(item) }}
                  aria-current={viewing(item) ? "page" : undefined}
-                  onSelect={() => open(item)}
+                  onSelect={() => {
+                    // Close before navigating: the router's transition would hold the close until this
+                    // timeline detaches, and the menu would flash at the viewport origin.
+                    setMenu("open", false)
+                    open(item)
+                  }}
                  onKeyDown={(event) => {
                    if ((event.key !== "Delete" && event.key !== "Backspace") || !stoppable(item)) return

@@ -374,8 +374,9 @@ function MessageTimelineView(
        return message?.type === "compaction" && message.status === "running"
      }

-      // Used groups keep the fallback regardless of disclosure state.
-      if (!Predicate.isTagged(row, "AssistantPart") || row.group.type === "context") return false
+      // Used and read groups keep the fallback, so each new read does not swap Working out for its short call.
+      if (!Predicate.isTagged(row, "AssistantPart") || row.group.type === "context" || row.group.type === "read")
+        return false

      return (row.group.type === "part" ? [row.group.ref] : row.group.refs).some((ref) => {
        const content = Timeline.resolveContent(messageByID().get(ref.messageID), ref.partID)
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/cli",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
  "bin": {
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 export * as ServerProcess from "./server-process"

 import { NodeServices } from "@effect/platform-node"
-import { Service, type DiscoverOptions } from "@opencode/client/effect/service"
+import { Service } from "@opencode/client/effect/service"
 import { LayerNode } from "@opencode/util/effect/layer-node"
 import { Global } from "@opencode/util/global"
 import { OPENCODE_ARTIFACT, OPENCODE_CHANNEL, OPENCODE_VERSION } from "./version"
 import { AppProcess } from "@opencode/util/process"
 import { randomBytes, randomUUID } from "node:crypto"
-import { Effect, Option, Redacted, Schedule, Schema } from "effect"
+import { Effect, Option, Redacted, Schema } from "effect"
 import { PersistentPty } from "@opencode/schema/persistent-pty"
 import { HttpServer } from "effect/unstable/http"
 import { Env } from "./env"
@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ const processEffect = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (options: Options) {
      const config = options.mode === "service" ? yield* ServiceConfig.read() : {}
      const hostname = options.hostname ?? config.hostname ?? "127.0.0.1"
      const port = options.port ?? config.port ?? (options.mode === "service" ? ServiceConfig.defaultPort() : undefined)
-      const incumbent =
+      const findIncumbent =
        serviceOptions !== undefined && port !== undefined
-          ? yield* Service.incumbent({ ...serviceOptions, url: serviceURL(hostname, port) })
+          ? Service.incumbent({ ...serviceOptions, url: serviceURL(hostname, port) })
          : undefined
-      if (incumbent !== undefined) return
+      if (findIncumbent !== undefined && (yield* findIncumbent) !== undefined) return
      // Keep a package-manager or curl install replaceable while the service runs; Desktop updates its own copy.
      if (options.mode === "service" && process.platform === "win32" && RetainedImage.installed(global.home))
        yield* RetainedImage.retain(global.cache, "service")
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ const processEffect = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (options: Options) {
      if (!password) return yield* Effect.fail(new Error("Missing server password"))
      const instanceID = randomUUID()
      const transform = yield* WebUi.handler()
-      const server = yield* start(
+      const launch = start(
        {
          app: {
            name: process.env.OPENCODE_CLIENT ?? OPENCODE_ARTIFACT,
@@ -144,22 +144,29 @@ const processEffect = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (options: Options) {
                }),
            },
        transform,
-      ).pipe(
+      )
+      const server = yield* launch.pipe(
        Effect.catch((error) => {
-          if (serviceOptions === undefined || port === undefined || !addressInUse(error)) return Effect.fail(error)
-          return recognizeIncumbent(serviceOptions, hostname, port).pipe(
-            Effect.flatMap((found) =>
-              found
-                ? Effect.void
-                : Effect.fail(
-                    new Error(
-                      `Managed service port ${port} on ${hostname} is already in use by another process. ` +
-                        "Configure another port with `opencode service set port <port>` and start the service again.",
-                      { cause: error },
-                    ),
-                  ),
-            ),
-          )
+          if (findIncumbent === undefined || !addressInUse(error)) return Effect.fail(error)
+          return Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const deadline = Date.now() + 15_000
+            while (Date.now() < deadline) {
+              const found = yield* findIncumbent.pipe(Effect.timeoutOption(deadline - Date.now()))
+              if (Option.isSome(found) && found.value !== undefined) return
+              yield* Effect.sleep("100 millis")
+              if (Date.now() >= deadline) break
+              // Failed binds close their scope; a successful bind may take longer than this window to boot.
+              const server = yield* launch.pipe(Effect.catchIf(addressInUse, () => Effect.void))
+              if (server !== undefined) return server
+            }
+            return yield* Effect.fail(
+              new Error(
+                `Managed service port ${port} on ${hostname} is already in use by another process. ` +
+                  "Configure another port with `opencode service set port <port>` and start the service again.",
+                { cause: error },
+              ),
+            )
+          })
        }),
      )
      if (server === undefined) return
@@ -175,15 +182,6 @@ const processEffect = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (options: Options) {
  )
 })

-const recognizeIncumbent = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (options: DiscoverOptions, hostname: string, port: number) {
-  const found = yield* Service.incumbent({ ...options, url: serviceURL(hostname, port) }).pipe(
-    Effect.filterOrFail((value) => value !== undefined),
-    Effect.retry(Schedule.spaced("100 millis")),
-    Effect.timeoutOption("15 seconds"),
-  )
-  return Option.isSome(found)
-})
-
 function serviceURL(hostname: string, port: number) {
  return `http://${hostname.includes(":") ? `[${hostname}]` : hostname}:${port}`
 }
@@ -58,8 +58,10 @@ function isRouteNotFound(error: unknown) {
  return error instanceof HttpServerError.HttpServerError && error.reason._tag === "RouteNotFound"
 }

+// qr-scanner decodes in a worker it creates from a blob: URL whenever the browser has no BarcodeDetector (Safari, desktop
+// Chrome on Windows and Linux). Without worker-src that worker falls under script-src 'self' and never starts.
 function csp(hash = "") {
-  return `default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'wasm-unsafe-eval'${hash ? ` 'sha256-${hash}'` : ""}; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; img-src 'self' data: https: blob:; font-src 'self' data:; media-src 'self' data:; connect-src * data: blob:`
+  return `default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'wasm-unsafe-eval'${hash ? ` 'sha256-${hash}'` : ""}; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; img-src 'self' data: https: blob:; font-src 'self' data:; media-src 'self' data:; connect-src * data: blob:; worker-src 'self' blob:`
 }

 function cspForHtml(body: string) {
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { Service, type Info } from "@opencode/client/effect/service"
 import { Global } from "@opencode/util/global"
 import { OPENCODE_VERSION } from "../src/version"
 import { expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { Effect, FileSystem, Schema } from "effect"
+import { Effect, FileSystem, Schedule, Schema } from "effect"
 import fs from "node:fs/promises"
 import os from "node:os"
 import path from "node:path"
@@ -403,6 +403,77 @@ test("unrelated managed port occupancy reports an actionable conflict", async ()
  }
 }, 30_000)

+test("the original managed service contender binds when the occupied port is released", async () => {
+  const root = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "opencode-service-bind-retry-"))
+  const recognizing = Promise.withResolvers<void>()
+  const requests: string[] = []
+  using listener = Bun.serve({
+    hostname: "127.0.0.1",
+    port: 0,
+    fetch(request) {
+      requests.push(new URL(request.url).pathname)
+      if (requests.length === 2) recognizing.resolve()
+      return Response.json({ unrelated: true })
+    },
+  })
+  const port = listener.port
+  if (port === undefined) throw new Error("Server did not bind a port")
+  const registration = path.join(root, "state", "opencode", "service-local.json")
+  await fs.mkdir(path.join(root, "config"), { recursive: true })
+  await fs.mkdir(path.dirname(registration), { recursive: true })
+  await fs.writeFile(path.join(root, "config", "service-local.json"), JSON.stringify({ port }))
+  await fs.writeFile(
+    registration,
+    JSON.stringify({
+      id: "stale",
+      version: OPENCODE_VERSION,
+      url: "http://127.0.0.1:1",
+      pid: 2_147_483_647,
+      password: "stale",
+    }),
+  )
+  const contender = Bun.spawn([process.execPath, path.join(import.meta.dir, "../src/index.ts"), "serve", "--service"], {
+    env: isolatedEnv(root),
+    stderr: "pipe",
+    stdout: "ignore",
+  })
+  const stderr = new Response(contender.stderr).text()
+  try {
+    // The first probe is preflight; the second only happens after start() fails to bind.
+    expect(await Promise.race([recognizing.promise.then(() => true), Bun.sleep(20_000).then(() => false)])).toBe(true)
+    expect(requests).toEqual(["/api/info", "/api/info"])
+    await listener.stop(true)
+
+    const info = await Promise.race([
+      waitForInfo(registration, (info) => info.pid === contender.pid),
+      contender.exited.then(() => undefined),
+    ])
+    expect(info?.pid, contender.exitCode === null ? undefined : await stderr).toBe(contender.pid)
+    const endpoint = await Effect.runPromise(
+      Service.discover({ file: registration }).pipe(
+        Effect.filterOrFail((value) => value !== undefined),
+        Effect.retry({ times: 400, schedule: Schedule.spaced("50 millis") }),
+        Effect.provide(NodeFileSystem.layer),
+      ),
+    )
+    expect(new URL(endpoint.url).port).toBe(String(port))
+    expect(
+      await fetch(new URL("/api/info", endpoint.url), { headers: Service.headers(endpoint) }).then((response) =>
+        response.json(),
+      ),
+    ).toMatchObject({ pid: contender.pid, version: OPENCODE_VERSION, urls: [endpoint.url] })
+    expect(contender.exitCode).toBe(null)
+    await Effect.runPromise(Service.stop({ file: registration }).pipe(Effect.provide(NodeFileSystem.layer)))
+    expect(await waitForExit(contender)).toBe(true)
+    expect(await Bun.file(registration).exists()).toBe(false)
+    await expectPortAvailable(port)
+  } finally {
+    contender.kill("SIGTERM")
+    await contender.exited
+    await fs.rm(root, { recursive: true, force: true })
+  }
+}, 45_000)
+
 test("unresponsive managed port occupancy reports a bounded conflict", async () => {
  const root = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "opencode-service-unresponsive-conflict-"))
  const recognizing = Promise.withResolvers<void>()
@@ -171,6 +171,7 @@ describe("web UI", () => {
          expect(yield* Effect.promise(() => fallback.text())).toContain("embedded")
          expect(fallback.headers.get("content-security-policy")).toContain("default-src 'self'")
          expect(fallback.headers.get("content-security-policy")).toContain("connect-src * data: blob:")
+          expect(fallback.headers.get("content-security-policy")).toContain("worker-src 'self' blob:")

          const dotted = yield* Effect.promise(() => fetch(`${origin}/workspace/example.js`))
          expect(dotted.status).toBe(200)
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/client",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
  "repository": {
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 import { Effect, FileSystem, Option, Schedule, Schema } from "effect"
-import { homedir } from "node:os"
-import { join } from "node:path"
-import type { DiscoverOptions, Endpoint, EnsureOptions, StopOptions } from "../service.js"
+import type { DiscoverOptions, EnsureOptions, StopOptions } from "../service.js"
 import {
  contenderFailure,
  contenderFinished,
@@ -11,8 +9,10 @@ import {
 import { defaultEnsureTiming, ensureTiming, type EnsureTiming } from "../service-timing.js"
 import { matchesVersion } from "../service-version.js"
 import { PtyHandoff } from "../pty-handoff.js"
+import { fallback, headers, type LocalService, probeResult, same } from "../service-probe.js"

 export * from "../service.js"
+export { headers }
 /** Contents of the local service registration file. */
 export type Info = import("../service.js").Info

@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ export const incumbent = Effect.fn("service.incumbent")(function* (
  options: DiscoverOptions & { readonly url: string },
 ) {
  const info = yield* read(options.file)
-  const found = info === undefined ? undefined : yield* probe({ ...info, url: options.url })
-  if (found === undefined) return undefined
-  if (!found.compatible) return undefined
+  if (info === undefined) return undefined
+  const found = (yield* Effect.promise(() => probeResult({ ...info, url: options.url }))).service
+  if (!found?.compatible) return undefined
  if (!matchesVersion(found.version, options)) return undefined
  return { endpoint: found.endpoint, state: found.state }
 })
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ export const ensure = Effect.fn("service.ensure")(function* (options: EnsureOpti
  let announced = false
  let lastSpawn = 0
  let spawnDelay = timing.spawnDelay
+  let failure: Error | undefined
  const announce = (reason: "missing" | "version-mismatch", previousVersion?: string) =>
    Effect.sync(() => {
      if (announced) return
@@ -89,6 +90,13 @@ export const ensure = Effect.fn("service.ensure")(function* (options: EnsureOpti
        yield* Effect.logWarning("Background service is unresponsive; recovery cannot preserve persistent terminals")
        yield* Effect.tryPromise(() => PtyHandoff.clear(options.file ?? fallback()))
        yield* terminate(info, options, timing)
+        for (const item of contenders) {
+          if (item.child.pid === info.pid || contenderFinished(item)) {
+            item.release()
+            contenders.delete(item)
+          }
+        }
+        failure = undefined
        timeouts = undefined
        lastSpawn = Date.now() - spawnDelay
      }
@@ -117,19 +125,27 @@ export const ensure = Effect.fn("service.ensure")(function* (options: EnsureOpti
        file: options.file,
        pty: service.state === "ready" ? "handoff" : "clear",
      }).pipe(Effect.ignore)
+      for (const item of contenders) {
+        if (item.child.pid === service.info.pid || contenderFinished(item)) {
+          item.release()
+          contenders.delete(item)
+        }
+      }
+      failure = undefined
      lastSpawn = 0
      return Option.none<LocalService>()
    } else if (lastSpawn === 0 && info !== undefined) lastSpawn = Date.now()

    const finished = [...contenders].filter(contenderFinished)
-    const failure = finished.map(contenderFailure).find((error): error is Error => error !== undefined)
+    failure ??= finished.map(contenderFailure).find((error): error is Error => error !== undefined)
    if (finished.some((item) => item.child.exitCode === 0)) {
      spawnDelay = Math.min(spawnDelay * 2, timing.maxSpawnDelay)
    }
    finished.forEach((item) => contenders.delete(item))
    if (failure !== undefined && contenders.size === 0) return yield* Effect.fail(failure)
-    // Keep one candidate plus one lock probe so a pre-lock stall cannot block recovery.
-    if (contenders.size < 2 && Date.now() - lastSpawn >= spawnDelay) {
+    // Keep one candidate plus one lock probe for pre-lock stalls. After a failure, let the
+    // survivors finish without recruiting replacements that could hide the error indefinitely.
+    if (failure === undefined && contenders.size < 2 && Date.now() - lastSpawn >= spawnDelay) {
      yield* announce("missing")
      contenders.add(yield* spawnContender)
      lastSpawn = Date.now()
@@ -145,7 +161,7 @@ export const ensure = Effect.fn("service.ensure")(function* (options: EnsureOpti
    Effect.ensuring(Effect.sync(() => contenders.forEach((contender) => contender.release()))),
  )
  if (Option.isNone(found))
-    return yield* Effect.fail(new Error("Timed out waiting for the background service to start"))
+    return yield* Effect.fail(failure ?? new Error("Timed out waiting for the background service to start"))
  return found.value.endpoint
 })

@@ -157,23 +173,10 @@ export const stop = Effect.fn("service.stop")(function* (options: StopOptions =
    options.pty === "handoff" && info !== undefined
      ? PtyHandoff.prepare(options.file ?? fallback(), info, defaultEnsureTiming.requestTimeout)
      : PtyHandoff.clear(options.file ?? fallback()),
-  ).pipe(
-    Effect.catch((cause) => Effect.logWarning("Failed to prepare persistent terminals for replacement", cause)),
-  )
-  if (info !== undefined) yield* terminate(info, options, defaultEnsureTiming)
+  ).pipe(Effect.catch((cause) => Effect.logWarning("Failed to prepare persistent terminals for replacement", cause)))
+  if (info !== undefined) yield* terminate(info, options, ensureTiming(options))
 })

-function fallback() {
-  const state = process.env["XDG_STATE_HOME"] ?? join(homedir(), ".local", "state")
-  return join(state, "opencode", "service.json")
-}
-
-/** Create HTTP authentication headers for a service endpoint. */
-export function headers(endpoint: Endpoint) {
-  if (endpoint.auth === undefined) return undefined
-  return { authorization: "Basic " + btoa(endpoint.auth.username + ":" + endpoint.auth.password) }
-}
-
 /** Schema for the local service registration file. */
 export const Info = Schema.Struct({
  id: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
@@ -184,13 +187,6 @@ export const Info = Schema.Struct({
 })

 const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(Schema.fromJsonString(Info))
-const decodeInfo = Schema.decodeUnknownOption(
-  Schema.Struct({
-    version: Schema.String,
-    pid: Schema.Int.check(Schema.isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(0)),
-  }),
-)
-
 // A missing or corrupt file means no valid info; callers treat both
 // the same (the registering server self-evicts, clients rediscover).
 const read = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (file?: string) {
@@ -200,77 +196,10 @@ const read = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (file?: string) {
  return yield* decode(text.value).pipe(Effect.option, Effect.map(Option.getOrUndefined))
 })

-type LocalService = {
-  readonly info: Info
-  readonly endpoint: Endpoint
-  readonly version?: string
-  readonly state: "ready" | "waiting" | "failed"
-  readonly compatible: boolean
-}
-
-const probe = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (info: Info) {
-  return (yield* probeResult(info)).service
-})
-
-const probeResult = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (info: Info, timeout = defaultEnsureTiming.requestTimeout) {
-  const endpoint = {
-    url: info.url,
-    auth:
-      info.password === undefined
-        ? undefined
-        : { type: "basic" as const, username: "opencode", password: info.password },
-  } satisfies Endpoint
-  const signal = AbortSignal.timeout(timeout)
-  const result = yield* Effect.promise(() =>
-    fetch(new URL("/api/info", info.url), { headers: headers(endpoint), signal })
-      .then(async (response) => ({
-        response,
-        body: response.status === 404 ? undefined : ((await response.json()) as unknown),
-      }))
-      .then(
-        (value) => ({ value }),
-        (cause: unknown) => ({ cause }),
-      ),
-  )
-  if ("cause" in result) return { service: undefined, timedOut: signal.aborted }
-  const response = result.value.response
-  // A missing health endpoint identifies protocol incompatibility, not an older
-  // version. Only an unmet version requirement lets ensure replace this owner.
-  if (response.status === 404)
-    return {
-      service: {
-        info,
-        endpoint,
-        version: info.version,
-        state: "ready" as const,
-        compatible: false,
-      } satisfies LocalService,
-      timedOut: false,
-    }
-  const body = result.value.body
-  const serverInfo = decodeInfo(body)
-  if (Option.isSome(serverInfo)) {
-    if (serverInfo.value.pid !== info.pid) return { service: undefined, timedOut: false }
-    if (info.version !== undefined && serverInfo.value.version !== info.version)
-      return { service: undefined, timedOut: false }
-    return {
-      service: {
-        info,
-        endpoint,
-        version: serverInfo.value.version,
-        state: response.ok ? "ready" : response.status === 500 ? "failed" : "waiting",
-        compatible: true,
-      } satisfies LocalService,
-      timedOut: false,
-    }
-  }
-  return { service: undefined, timedOut: false }
-})
-
 const registered = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (file?: string, timeout?: number) {
  const info = yield* read(file)
  if (info === undefined) return { info: undefined, service: undefined, timedOut: false }
-  return { info, ...(yield* probeResult(info, timeout)) }
+  return { info, ...(yield* Effect.promise(() => probeResult(info, timeout))) }
 })

 // 50ms cadence bounded at ~5s, shared by stop escalation and each ensure
@@ -289,18 +218,14 @@ const stopped = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (pid: number) {
  return yield* Effect.fail(new Error(`Server process ${pid} is still running`))
 })

-function same(left: Info, right: Info) {
-  return left.id === right.id && left.version === right.version && left.url === right.url && left.pid === right.pid
-}
-
 const terminate = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (info: Info, options: { readonly file?: string }, timing: EnsureTiming) {
  const current = yield* read(options.file)
  if (current === undefined || !same(current, info)) return
  yield* signal(info.pid, "SIGTERM")
  const done = yield* stopped(info.pid).pipe(Effect.retry(poll(timing)), Effect.option)
+  // The registration can disappear or change hands before this process exits. Only the PID we
+  // signalled can tell us whether it has stopped, so escalate based on that process.
  if (Option.isNone(done)) {
-    const latest = yield* read(options.file)
-    if (latest === undefined || !same(latest, info)) return
    yield* signal(info.pid, "SIGKILL")
    yield* stopped(info.pid).pipe(Effect.retry(poll(timing)))
  }
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 import { readFile, rm } from "node:fs/promises"
-import { homedir } from "node:os"
-import { join } from "node:path"
 import type { DiscoverOptions, Endpoint, Info, EnsureOptions, StopOptions } from "../service.js"
 import {
  contenderFailure,
@@ -11,8 +9,10 @@ import {
 import { defaultEnsureTiming, ensureTiming, type EnsureTiming } from "../service-timing.js"
 import { matchesVersion } from "../service-version.js"
 import { PtyHandoff } from "../pty-handoff.js"
+import { fallback, headers, probeResult, same } from "../service-probe.js"

 export * from "../service.js"
+export { headers }

 // Find, start, and stop the local opencode background service.
 //
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ export async function ensure(options: EnsureOptions = {}): Promise<Endpoint> {
  let announced = false
  let lastSpawn = 0
  let spawnDelay = timing.spawnDelay
+  let failure: Error | undefined

  const announce = (reason: "missing" | "version-mismatch", previousVersion?: string) => {
    if (announced) return
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ export async function ensure(options: EnsureOptions = {}): Promise<Endpoint> {

  try {
    while (true) {
-      if (Date.now() >= deadline) throw new Error("Timed out waiting for the background service to start")
+      if (Date.now() >= deadline) throw failure ?? new Error("Timed out waiting for the background service to start")
      const registration = await registered(options.file, timing.requestTimeout)
      if (registration.timedOut && registration.info !== undefined) {
        timeouts = {
@@ -68,6 +69,13 @@ export async function ensure(options: EnsureOptions = {}): Promise<Endpoint> {
          console.warn("Background service is unresponsive; recovery cannot preserve persistent terminals")
          await PtyHandoff.clear(options.file ?? fallback())
          await terminate(registration.info, options, timing)
+          for (const item of contenders) {
+            if (item.child.pid === registration.info.pid || contenderFinished(item)) {
+              item.release()
+              contenders.delete(item)
+            }
+          }
+          failure = undefined
          timeouts = undefined
          lastSpawn = Date.now() - spawnDelay
        }
@@ -95,19 +103,27 @@ export async function ensure(options: EnsureOptions = {}): Promise<Endpoint> {
            file: options.file,
            pty: service.state === "ready" ? "handoff" : "clear",
          }).catch(() => undefined)
+          for (const item of contenders) {
+            if (item.child.pid === service.info.pid || contenderFinished(item)) {
+              item.release()
+              contenders.delete(item)
+            }
+          }
+          failure = undefined
          lastSpawn = 0
        }
      } else {
        if (lastSpawn === 0 && registration.info !== undefined) lastSpawn = Date.now()
        const finished = [...contenders].filter(contenderFinished)
-        const failure = finished.map(contenderFailure).find((error) => error !== undefined)
+        failure ??= finished.map(contenderFailure).find((error) => error !== undefined)
        if (finished.some((item) => item.child.exitCode === 0)) {
          spawnDelay = Math.min(spawnDelay * 2, timing.maxSpawnDelay)
        }
        finished.forEach((item) => contenders.delete(item))
        if (failure !== undefined && contenders.size === 0) throw failure
-        // Keep one candidate plus one lock probe so a pre-lock stall cannot block recovery.
-        if (contenders.size < 2 && Date.now() - lastSpawn >= spawnDelay) {
+        // Keep one candidate plus one lock probe for pre-lock stalls. After a failure, let the
+        // survivors finish without recruiting replacements that could hide the error indefinitely.
+        if (failure === undefined && contenders.size < 2 && Date.now() - lastSpawn >= spawnDelay) {
          announce("missing")
          contenders.add(await spawnContender())
          lastSpawn = Date.now()
@@ -129,19 +145,7 @@ export async function stop(options: StopOptions = {}) {
      ? PtyHandoff.prepare(options.file ?? fallback(), info, defaultEnsureTiming.requestTimeout)
      : PtyHandoff.clear(options.file ?? fallback())
  ).catch((cause: unknown) => console.warn("Failed to prepare persistent terminals for replacement", cause))
-  if (info !== undefined) await terminate(info, options, defaultEnsureTiming)
-}
-
-function fallback() {
-  return join(process.env["XDG_STATE_HOME"] ?? join(homedir(), ".local", "state"), "opencode", "service.json")
-}
-
-/** Create HTTP authentication headers for a service endpoint. */
-export function headers(endpoint: Endpoint) {
-  if (endpoint.auth === undefined) return undefined
-  return {
-    authorization: "Basic " + Buffer.from(endpoint.auth.username + ":" + endpoint.auth.password).toString("base64"),
-  }
+  if (info !== undefined) await terminate(info, options, ensureTiming(options))
 }

 async function read(file?: string) {
@@ -154,73 +158,6 @@ async function read(file?: string) {
  }
 }

-type LocalService = {
-  readonly info: Info
-  readonly endpoint: Endpoint
-  readonly version?: string
-  readonly state: "ready" | "waiting" | "failed"
-  readonly compatible: boolean
-}
-
-async function probeResult(info: Info, timeout = defaultEnsureTiming.requestTimeout) {
-  const endpoint = {
-    url: info.url,
-    auth:
-      info.password === undefined
-        ? undefined
-        : { type: "basic" as const, username: "opencode", password: info.password },
-  } satisfies Endpoint
-  const signal = AbortSignal.timeout(timeout)
-  const result = await fetch(new URL("/api/info", info.url), { headers: headers(endpoint), signal })
-    .then(async (response) => ({
-      response,
-      body: response.status === 404 ? undefined : ((await response.json()) as unknown),
-    }))
-    .then(
-      (value) => ({ value }),
-      (cause: unknown) => ({ cause }),
-    )
-  if ("cause" in result) return { service: undefined, timedOut: signal.aborted }
-  const response = result.value.response
-  // A missing health endpoint identifies protocol incompatibility, not an older
-  // version. Only an unmet version requirement lets ensure replace this owner.
-  if (response.status === 404)
-    return {
-      service: {
-        info,
-        endpoint,
-        version: info.version,
-        state: "ready" as const,
-        compatible: false,
-      } satisfies LocalService,
-      timedOut: false,
-    }
-  const serverInfo = decodeInfo(result.value.body)
-  if (serverInfo !== undefined) {
-    if (serverInfo.pid !== info.pid) return { service: undefined, timedOut: false }
-    if (info.version !== undefined && serverInfo.version !== info.version)
-      return { service: undefined, timedOut: false }
-    return {
-      service: {
-        info,
-        endpoint,
-        version: serverInfo.version,
-        state: response.ok ? "ready" : response.status === 500 ? "failed" : "waiting",
-        compatible: true,
-      } satisfies LocalService,
-      timedOut: false,
-    }
-  }
-  return { service: undefined, timedOut: false }
-}
-
-function decodeInfo(input: unknown) {
-  if (typeof input !== "object" || input === null) return
-  if (!("version" in input) || typeof input.version !== "string") return
-  if (!("pid" in input) || typeof input.pid !== "number" || !Number.isInteger(input.pid) || input.pid < 0) return
-  return { version: input.version, pid: input.pid }
-}
-
 async function registered(file?: string, timeout?: number) {
  const info = await read(file)
  if (info === undefined) return { info: undefined, service: undefined, timedOut: false }
@@ -250,17 +187,13 @@ async function waitUntilStopped(pid: number, timing: EnsureTiming) {
  return false
 }

-function same(left: Info, right: Info) {
-  return left.id === right.id && left.version === right.version && left.url === right.url && left.pid === right.pid
-}
-
 async function terminate(info: Info, options: { readonly file?: string }, timing: EnsureTiming) {
  const current = await read(options.file)
  if (current === undefined || !same(current, info)) return
  signal(info.pid, "SIGTERM")
+  // The registration can disappear or change hands before this process exits. Only the PID we
+  // signalled can tell us whether it has stopped, so escalate based on that process.
  if (!(await waitUntilStopped(info.pid, timing))) {
-    const latest = await read(options.file)
-    if (latest === undefined || !same(latest, info)) return
    signal(info.pid, "SIGKILL")
    if (!(await waitUntilStopped(info.pid, timing))) throw new Error(`Server process ${info.pid} is still running`)
  }
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import { homedir } from "node:os"
+import { join } from "node:path"
+import type { Endpoint, Info } from "./service.js"
+import { defaultEnsureTiming } from "./service-timing.js"
+
+// Shared by the Effect and Promise clients. Keep this module free of Effect so the
+// Promise client never loads the Effect runtime.
+
+export type LocalService = {
+  readonly info: Info
+  readonly endpoint: Endpoint
+  readonly version?: string
+  readonly state: "ready" | "waiting" | "failed"
+  readonly compatible: boolean
+}
+
+/** The default registration file. */
+export function fallback() {
+  return join(process.env["XDG_STATE_HOME"] ?? join(homedir(), ".local", "state"), "opencode", "service.json")
+}
+
+/** Whether two registrations describe the same service instance. */
+export function same(left: Info, right: Info) {
+  return left.id === right.id && left.version === right.version && left.url === right.url && left.pid === right.pid
+}
+
+/** Ask a registered owner for its health and classify the answer. */
+export async function probeResult(info: Info, timeout = defaultEnsureTiming.requestTimeout) {
+  const endpoint = {
+    url: info.url,
+    auth: info.password === undefined ? undefined : { type: "basic", username: "opencode", password: info.password },
+  } satisfies Endpoint
+  const signal = AbortSignal.timeout(timeout)
+  const result = await fetch(new URL("/api/info", info.url), { headers: headers(endpoint), signal })
+    .then(async (response) => ({
+      response,
+      body: response.status === 404 ? undefined : ((await response.json()) as unknown),
+    }))
+    .catch(() => undefined)
+  if (result === undefined) return { service: undefined, timedOut: signal.aborted }
+  const response = result.response
+  // A missing health endpoint identifies protocol incompatibility, not an older
+  // version. Only an unmet version requirement lets ensure replace this owner.
+  if (response.status === 404)
+    return {
+      service: {
+        info,
+        endpoint,
+        version: info.version,
+        state: "ready",
+        compatible: false,
+      } satisfies LocalService,
+      timedOut: false,
+    }
+  const serverInfo = decodeInfo(result.body)
+  if (serverInfo === undefined) return { service: undefined, timedOut: false }
+  if (serverInfo.pid !== info.pid) return { service: undefined, timedOut: false }
+  if (info.version !== undefined && serverInfo.version !== info.version) return { service: undefined, timedOut: false }
+  return {
+    service: {
+      info,
+      endpoint,
+      version: serverInfo.version,
+      state: response.ok ? "ready" : response.status === 500 ? "failed" : "waiting",
+      compatible: true,
+    } satisfies LocalService,
+    timedOut: false,
+  }
+}
+
+/** Create HTTP authentication headers for a service endpoint. */
+export function headers(endpoint: Endpoint) {
+  if (endpoint.auth === undefined) return undefined
+  return {
+    authorization: "Basic " + Buffer.from(endpoint.auth.username + ":" + endpoint.auth.password).toString("base64"),
+  }
+}
+
+function decodeInfo(input: unknown) {
+  if (typeof input !== "object" || input === null) return
+  if (!("version" in input) || typeof input.version !== "string") return
+  if (!("pid" in input) || typeof input.pid !== "number" || !Number.isInteger(input.pid) || input.pid < 0) return
+  return { version: input.version, pid: input.pid }
+}
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { mkdtemp, rm } from "node:fs/promises"
+import { mkdtemp, rename, rm } from "node:fs/promises"
 import { tmpdir } from "node:os"
 import { join } from "node:path"
 import { waitForExit } from "./service-timing"
@@ -8,6 +8,16 @@ export async function serviceFixture() {
  const registration = join(directory, "service.json")
  const processes: Bun.Subprocess[] = []
  const pids = new Set<number>()
+  const starts = async () =>
+    (
+      await Bun.file(registration + ".starts")
+        .text()
+        .catch(() => "")
+    )
+      .trim()
+      .split("\n")
+      .filter(Boolean)
+      .map(Number)
  const command = (mode: string, ...args: string[]) => [
    process.execPath,
    join(import.meta.dir, "service.ts"),
@@ -20,11 +30,36 @@ export async function serviceFixture() {
    directory,
    registration,
    command,
+    starts,
+    async waitForStarts(count: number) {
+      for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 600; attempt++) {
+        const result = await starts()
+        if (result.length >= count) return result
+        await Bun.sleep(5)
+      }
+      throw new Error(`Timed out waiting for ${count} contenders`)
+    },
+    async release(pid: number, action: "fail" | "hang" | "ready") {
+      const file = registration + `.release-${pid}`
+      await Bun.write(file + ".tmp", action)
+      await rename(file + ".tmp", file)
+      if (action === "fail") await waitForExit(pid)
+    },
    spawn(mode: string, ...args: string[]) {
      const subprocess = Bun.spawn(command(mode, ...args), { stdout: "ignore", stderr: "inherit" })
      processes.push(subprocess)
      return subprocess
    },
+    // The service's parent execs `sleep`, which never reaps it, so SIGKILL leaves a zombie that
+    // still answers `kill(pid, 0)`. Terminating the returned parent lets init reap the service.
+    spawnUnreaped(mode: string, ...args: string[]) {
+      const subprocess = Bun.spawn(["sh", "-c", '"$@" & exec sleep 60', "sh", ...command(mode, ...args)], {
+        stdout: "ignore",
+        stderr: "inherit",
+      })
+      processes.push(subprocess)
+      return subprocess
+    },
    // Service.ensure detaches contenders; track the elected process before asserting.
    track(pid: number) {
      pids.add(pid)
@@ -37,6 +72,8 @@ export async function serviceFixture() {
      throw new Error(`Timed out waiting for ${file}`)
    },
    async [Symbol.asyncDispose]() {
+      // Include detached contenders that never registered, even when an assertion fails.
+      for (const pid of await starts()) pids.add(pid)
      await Promise.all([
        ...processes.map(async (subprocess) => {
          subprocess.kill("SIGTERM")
@@ -54,3 +91,8 @@ export async function serviceFixture() {
    },
  }
 }
+
+export async function expectPortAvailable(url: string) {
+  const server = Bun.serve({ port: Number(new URL(url).port), fetch: () => new Response() })
+  await server.stop(true)
+}
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { appendFile, rename, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises"
+import { appendFile, rename, rm, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises"

 const [registration, mode, delay] = process.argv.slice(2)
 if (registration === undefined || mode === undefined) throw new Error("Missing service fixture arguments")
@@ -17,6 +17,18 @@ if (mode === "environment") {
 }
 if (mode === "signal") process.kill(process.pid, process.platform === "win32" ? "SIGTERM" : "SIGKILL")

+let controlled = ""
+if (mode === "controlled") {
+  await appendFile(registration + ".starts", process.pid + "\n")
+  const release = registration + `.release-${process.pid}`
+  while (!(await Bun.file(release).exists())) await Bun.sleep(5)
+  controlled = await Bun.file(release).text()
+  if (controlled === "fail") {
+    process.stderr.write("actionable startup failure: storage initialization denied\n")
+    process.exit(23)
+  }
+}
+
 if (mode === "delayed" || mode === "delayed-failed" || mode === "coordinated" || mode === "coordinated-failed-loser") {
  await appendFile(registration + ".starts", process.pid + "\n")
  const owner = await writeFile(registration + ".owner", String(process.pid), { flag: "wx" })
@@ -63,7 +75,7 @@ const server = Bun.serve({
      return new Response(null, { status: 404 })
    requests += 1
    if (mode === "starting") await writeFile(registration + ".status-request", "")
-    if (mode === "hanging") {
+    if (mode === "hanging" || controlled === "hang") {
      await appendFile(registration + ".requests", process.pid + "\n")
      return new Promise<Response>(() => {})
    }
@@ -91,6 +103,12 @@ const server = Bun.serve({
  },
 })

+// Install handlers before publishing: a test may signal as soon as the registration appears.
+if (controlled !== "hang") {
+  process.on("SIGTERM", () => void shutdown("SIGTERM"))
+  process.on("SIGINT", () => void shutdown("SIGINT"))
+}
+
 await writeFile(
  registration + ".tmp",
  JSON.stringify({
@@ -106,8 +124,12 @@ await rename(registration + ".tmp", registration)

 async function shutdown(signal?: NodeJS.Signals) {
  if (signal !== undefined) await writeFile(registration + ".signal", signal)
+  // A lingering server unregisters on SIGTERM but keeps running, and holds its port, until killed.
+  if (mode === "lingering") {
+    await rm(registration, { force: true })
+    await writeFile(registration + ".unregistered", "")
+    await Bun.sleep(Number(delay))
+  }
  server.stop(true)
  process.exit()
 }
-process.on("SIGTERM", () => void shutdown("SIGTERM"))
-process.on("SIGINT", () => void shutdown("SIGINT"))
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import { expect, test } from "bun:test"
 import { Service, type EnsureReason } from "../src/promise/service"
-import { serviceFixture } from "./fixture/service-fixture"
+import { expectPortAvailable, serviceFixture } from "./fixture/service-fixture"
 import { accelerate } from "./fixture/service-timing"

 const ensure = accelerate(Service.ensure)
+const stop = accelerate(Service.stop)

 test("discovers a registered service", async () => {
  await using fixture = await serviceFixture()
@@ -111,6 +112,76 @@ test("reports a failed registered service", async () => {
  )
 })

+test("reports overlapping contender failures without recruiting replacements", async () => {
+  await using fixture = await serviceFixture()
+  const started = Date.now()
+  const pending = ensure({ file: fixture.registration, version: "test", command: fixture.command("controlled") }).catch(
+    (error: unknown) => error,
+  )
+  const [first, second] = await fixture.waitForStarts(2)
+  await fixture.release(first, "fail")
+  // Let discovery observe the exit across two accelerated spawn windows before the survivor exits.
+  await Bun.sleep(450)
+  await fixture.release(second, "fail")
+  const error = await pending
+
+  expect(Date.now() - started).toBeLessThan(3_000)
+  expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(Error)
+  if (!(error instanceof Error)) throw error
+  expect(error.message).toContain("Server process exited with code 23")
+  expect(error.message).toContain("storage initialization denied")
+  expect(await fixture.starts()).toHaveLength(2)
+})
+
+test("retains a contender failure until the deadline while its survivor stalls", async () => {
+  await using fixture = await serviceFixture()
+  const started = Date.now()
+  const pending = ensure({ file: fixture.registration, version: "test", command: fixture.command("controlled") }).catch(
+    (error: unknown) => error,
+  )
+  const [first, second] = await fixture.waitForStarts(2)
+  await fixture.release(first, "fail")
+  const error = await pending
+
+  expect(Date.now() - started).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(3_000)
+  expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(Error)
+  if (!(error instanceof Error)) throw error
+  expect(error.message).toContain("Server process exited with code 23")
+  expect(error.message).toContain("storage initialization denied")
+  expect(await fixture.starts()).toHaveLength(2)
+  expect(() => process.kill(second, 0)).not.toThrow()
+})
+
+test("accepts a surviving contender after a failure without recruiting replacements", async () => {
+  await using fixture = await serviceFixture()
+  const pending = ensure({ file: fixture.registration, version: "test", command: fixture.command("controlled") })
+  const [first, second] = await fixture.waitForStarts(2)
+  await fixture.release(first, "fail")
+  await Bun.sleep(450)
+  await fixture.release(second, "ready")
+  const endpoint = await pending
+
+  expect((await Service.discover({ file: fixture.registration, version: "test" }))?.url).toBe(endpoint.url)
+  expect((await Bun.file(fixture.registration).json()).pid).toBe(second)
+  expect(await fixture.starts()).toHaveLength(2)
+})
+
+test("recovers when an unresponsive contender is evicted after a prior failure", async () => {
+  await using fixture = await serviceFixture()
+  const pending = ensure({ file: fixture.registration, version: "test", command: fixture.command("controlled") })
+  const [first, second] = await fixture.waitForStarts(2)
+  await fixture.release(second, "hang")
+  await fixture.waitForFile()
+  await fixture.release(first, "fail")
+  const [, , third] = await fixture.waitForStarts(3)
+  await fixture.release(third, "ready")
+  const endpoint = await pending
+  fixture.track(third)
+
+  expect((await Service.discover({ file: fixture.registration, version: "test" }))?.url).toBe(endpoint.url)
+  expect((await Bun.file(fixture.registration).json()).pid).toBe(third)
+})
+
 test("reports a bounded contender stderr tail with native promises", async () => {
  await using fixture = await serviceFixture()
  const registration = fixture.registration
@@ -171,3 +242,66 @@ test("signals the registered service process", async () => {
  expect(await Bun.file(registration + ".signal").text()).toBe("SIGTERM")
  expect(await Bun.file(registration).exists()).toBe(false)
 })
+
+test("stop escalates when the registration disappears before the process exits", async () => {
+  await using fixture = await serviceFixture()
+  const registration = fixture.registration
+  const existing = fixture.spawn("lingering", "5000")
+  await fixture.waitForFile()
+  const original = await Bun.file(registration).json()
+
+  await stop({ file: registration })
+
+  expect(await Bun.file(registration + ".signal").text()).toBe("SIGTERM")
+  expect(() => process.kill(original.pid, 0)).toThrow()
+  await expectPortAvailable(original.url)
+  expect(await Bun.file(registration).exists()).toBe(false)
+  await existing.exited
+}, 15_000)
+
+test.skipIf(process.platform === "win32")(
+  "stop fails when the process survives SIGKILL",
+  async () => {
+    await using fixture = await serviceFixture()
+    const registration = fixture.registration
+    fixture.spawnUnreaped("lingering", "60000")
+    await fixture.waitForFile()
+    const original = await Bun.file(registration).json()
+
+    await expect(stop({ file: registration })).rejects.toThrow(`Server process ${original.pid} is still running`)
+    expect(await Bun.file(registration + ".signal").text()).toBe("SIGTERM")
+  },
+  15_000,
+)
+
+test("stop waits for the original process while preserving a newly registered successor", async () => {
+  await using fixture = await serviceFixture()
+  const registration = fixture.registration
+  const existing = fixture.spawn("lingering", "15000")
+  await fixture.waitForFile()
+  const original = await Bun.file(registration).json()
+  // Default timing keeps the grace period open long enough for the successor to register first.
+  const stopping = Service.stop({ file: registration })
+
+  try {
+    await fixture.waitForFile(registration + ".unregistered")
+    const successor = fixture.spawn("graceful")
+    await fixture.waitForFile()
+    const replacement = await Bun.file(registration).json()
+    expect(existing.exitCode).toBe(null)
+    expect(replacement.pid).toBe(successor.pid)
+
+    await stopping
+
+    expect(() => process.kill(original.pid, 0)).toThrow()
+    await expectPortAvailable(original.url)
+    expect(await Bun.file(registration).json()).toEqual(replacement)
+    expect(await fetch(new URL("/api/info", replacement.url)).then((response) => response.json())).toMatchObject({
+      pid: successor.pid,
+    })
+    expect(successor.exitCode).toBe(null)
+  } finally {
+    existing.kill("SIGKILL")
+    await stopping
+  }
+}, 20_000)
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@ import { expect, test } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect, FileSystem } from "effect"
 import { writeFile } from "node:fs/promises"
 import { Service, type EnsureReason } from "../src/effect/service"
-import { serviceFixture } from "./fixture/service-fixture"
+import { expectPortAvailable, serviceFixture } from "./fixture/service-fixture"
 import { accelerate } from "./fixture/service-timing"

 const ensure = accelerate(Service.ensure)
+const stop = accelerate(Service.stop)

 test("a concurrent same-version start cannot invalidate a resolved endpoint", async () => {
  await using fixture = await serviceFixture()
@@ -161,6 +162,67 @@ test("signals an unresponsive registered service process", async () => {
  expect(await Bun.file(registration).exists()).toBe(false)
 })

+test("stop escalates when the registration disappears before the process exits", async () => {
+  await using fixture = await serviceFixture()
+  const registration = fixture.registration
+  const existing = fixture.spawn("lingering", "5000")
+  await fixture.waitForFile()
+  const original = await Bun.file(registration).json()
+
+  await run(stop({ file: registration }))
+
+  expect(await Bun.file(registration + ".signal").text()).toBe("SIGTERM")
+  expect(() => process.kill(original.pid, 0)).toThrow()
+  await expectPortAvailable(original.url)
+  expect(await Bun.file(registration).exists()).toBe(false)
+  await existing.exited
+}, 15_000)
+
+test.skipIf(process.platform === "win32")(
+  "stop fails when the process survives SIGKILL",
+  async () => {
+    await using fixture = await serviceFixture()
+    const registration = fixture.registration
+    fixture.spawnUnreaped("lingering", "60000")
+    await fixture.waitForFile()
+    const original = await Bun.file(registration).json()
+
+    await expect(run(stop({ file: registration }))).rejects.toThrow(`Server process ${original.pid} is still running`)
+    expect(await Bun.file(registration + ".signal").text()).toBe("SIGTERM")
+  },
+  15_000,
+)
+
+test("stop waits for the original process while preserving a newly registered successor", async () => {
+  await using fixture = await serviceFixture()
+  const registration = fixture.registration
+  const existing = fixture.spawn("lingering", "15000")
+  await fixture.waitForFile()
+  const original = await Bun.file(registration).json()
+  // Default timing keeps the grace period open long enough for the successor to register first.
+  const stopping = run(Service.stop({ file: registration }))
+
+  try {
+    await fixture.waitForFile(registration + ".unregistered")
+    const successor = fixture.spawn("graceful")
+    await fixture.waitForFile()
+    const replacement = await Bun.file(registration).json()
+    expect(existing.exitCode).toBe(null)
+    expect(replacement.pid).toBe(successor.pid)
+
+    await stopping
+
+    expect(() => process.kill(original.pid, 0)).toThrow()
+    await expectPortAvailable(original.url)
+    expect(await Bun.file(registration).json()).toEqual(replacement)
+    expect(await status(replacement.url)).toMatchObject({ pid: successor.pid })
+    expect(successor.exitCode).toBe(null)
+  } finally {
+    existing.kill("SIGKILL")
+    await stopping
+  }
+}, 20_000)
+
 test("signals an incompatible service before starting its replacement", async () => {
  await using fixture = await serviceFixture()
  const registration = fixture.registration
@@ -228,6 +290,76 @@ test("reports a contender that fails to start", async () => {
  ).rejects.toThrow("Server process exited with code 1")
 })

+test("reports overlapping contender failures without recruiting replacements", async () => {
+  await using fixture = await serviceFixture()
+  const started = Date.now()
+  const pending = run(
+    ensure({ file: fixture.registration, version: "test", command: fixture.command("controlled") }),
+  ).catch((error: unknown) => error)
+  const [first, second] = await fixture.waitForStarts(2)
+  await fixture.release(first, "fail")
+  // Let discovery observe the exit across two accelerated spawn windows before the survivor exits.
+  await Bun.sleep(450)
+  await fixture.release(second, "fail")
+  const error = await pending
+
+  expect(Date.now() - started).toBeLessThan(3_000)
+  expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(Error)
+  if (!(error instanceof Error)) throw error
+  expect(error.message).toContain("Server process exited with code 23")
+  expect(error.message).toContain("storage initialization denied")
+  expect(await fixture.starts()).toHaveLength(2)
+})
+
+test("retains a contender failure until the deadline while its survivor stalls", async () => {
+  await using fixture = await serviceFixture()
+  const started = Date.now()
+  const pending = run(
+    ensure({ file: fixture.registration, version: "test", command: fixture.command("controlled") }),
+  ).catch((error: unknown) => error)
+  const [first, second] = await fixture.waitForStarts(2)
+  await fixture.release(first, "fail")
+  const error = await pending
+
+  expect(Date.now() - started).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(3_000)
+  expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(Error)
+  if (!(error instanceof Error)) throw error
+  expect(error.message).toContain("Server process exited with code 23")
+  expect(error.message).toContain("storage initialization denied")
+  expect(await fixture.starts()).toHaveLength(2)
+  expect(() => process.kill(second, 0)).not.toThrow()
+})
+
+test("accepts a surviving contender after a failure without recruiting replacements", async () => {
+  await using fixture = await serviceFixture()
+  const pending = run(ensure({ file: fixture.registration, version: "test", command: fixture.command("controlled") }))
+  const [first, second] = await fixture.waitForStarts(2)
+  await fixture.release(first, "fail")
+  await Bun.sleep(450)
+  await fixture.release(second, "ready")
+  const endpoint = await pending
+
+  expect((await run(Service.discover({ file: fixture.registration, version: "test" })))?.url).toBe(endpoint.url)
+  expect((await Bun.file(fixture.registration).json()).pid).toBe(second)
+  expect(await fixture.starts()).toHaveLength(2)
+})
+
+test("recovers when an unresponsive contender is evicted after a prior failure", async () => {
+  await using fixture = await serviceFixture()
+  const pending = run(ensure({ file: fixture.registration, version: "test", command: fixture.command("controlled") }))
+  const [first, second] = await fixture.waitForStarts(2)
+  await fixture.release(second, "hang")
+  await fixture.waitForFile()
+  await fixture.release(first, "fail")
+  const [, , third] = await fixture.waitForStarts(3)
+  await fixture.release(third, "ready")
+  const endpoint = await pending
+  fixture.track(third)
+
+  expect((await run(Service.discover({ file: fixture.registration, version: "test" })))?.url).toBe(endpoint.url)
+  expect((await Bun.file(fixture.registration).json()).pid).toBe(third)
+})
+
 test("reports a bounded contender stderr tail", async () => {
  await using fixture = await serviceFixture()
  const registration = fixture.registration
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/codemode",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "description": "Effect-native confined code execution over schema-described tools",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@opencode/console-app",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
  "scripts": {
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/console-core",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "private": true,
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@opencode/console-function",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "private": true,
  "type": "module",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@opencode/console-mail",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "dependencies": {
    "@jsx-email/all": "2.2.3",
    "@jsx-email/cli": "1.4.3",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@opencode/console-support",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
  "scripts": {
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "name": "@opencode/core",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
@@ -134,7 +134,6 @@
    "mime-types": "3.0.2",
    "tree-sitter-bash": "0.25.0",
    "tree-sitter-powershell": "0.25.10",
-    "venice-ai-sdk-provider": "2.1.1",
    "web-tree-sitter": "0.25.10",
    "which": "6.0.1",
    "zod": "catalog:"
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/**
+ * Copy existing snapshot stores and run the real object packing on the copies. Verifies
+ * that every locally stored object survives and reports size, time, and peak RSS
+ * of the Git child. The originals are only read.
+ *
+ *   bun run script/benchmark-snapshot-pack.ts <store>...
+ */
+import { $ } from "bun"
+import fs from "fs/promises"
+import os from "os"
+import path from "path"
+import { Effect, Logger } from "effect"
+import { AppNodeBuilder } from "../src/effect/app-node-builder"
+import { Git } from "../src/git"
+import { AbsolutePath } from "../src/schema"
+
+const root = path.join(process.env.SNAPSHOT_BENCH_ROOT ?? os.tmpdir(), "opencode-snapshot-pack")
+await fs.mkdir(root, { recursive: true })
+
+// Local objects only: alternates are hidden so borrowed source objects do not count.
+async function objects(store: string) {
+  const alternates = path.join(store, "objects", "info", "alternates")
+  const borrowed = await fs.readFile(alternates, "utf8").catch(() => undefined)
+  if (borrowed !== undefined) await fs.rm(alternates)
+  const listed =
+    await $`git --git-dir ${store} --work-tree ${store} cat-file --batch-all-objects ${"--batch-check=%(objectname)"}`
+      .quiet()
+      .text()
+  if (borrowed !== undefined) await fs.writeFile(alternates, borrowed)
+  return listed.split("\n").filter(Boolean).toSorted()
+}
+
+const size = async (directory: string) => Number((await $`du -sk ${directory}`.quiet().text()).split("\t")[0])
+const loose = async (store: string) =>
+  (await $`find ${path.join(store, "objects")} -path '*/objects/??/*' -type f`.quiet().text())
+    .split("\n")
+    .filter(Boolean).length
+
+let failed = false
+for (const source of process.argv.slice(2)) {
+  const copy = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(root, "store-"))
+  await $`cp -R ${source}/. ${copy}`.quiet()
+  const before = { objects: await objects(copy), size: await size(copy), loose: await loose(copy) }
+  const started = performance.now()
+  await Effect.runPromise(
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const git = yield* Git.Service
+      yield* git.objects.pack(
+        new Git.Repository({
+          worktree: AbsolutePath.make(copy),
+          gitDirectory: AbsolutePath.make(copy),
+          commonDirectory: AbsolutePath.make(copy),
+        }),
+      )
+    }).pipe(Effect.provide(AppNodeBuilder.build(Git.node)), Effect.provide(Logger.layer([]))),
+  )
+  const elapsed = performance.now() - started
+  const after = { objects: await objects(copy), size: await size(copy), loose: await loose(copy) }
+  const same = before.objects.join("\n") === after.objects.join("\n")
+  if (!same) failed = true
+  console.log(
+    `${path.basename(source)}  ${before.size} KiB -> ${after.size} KiB  loose ${before.loose} -> ${after.loose}  objects ${before.objects.length} -> ${after.objects.length} ${same ? "identical" : "MISMATCH"}  ${elapsed.toFixed(0)} ms`,
+  )
+  await fs.rm(copy, { recursive: true, force: true })
+}
+if (failed) process.exit(1)
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+/**
+ * Drives the real SessionStep.attempt through a scripted agent trace against a real
+ * snapshot store, then repeats it with snapshots disabled. The difference is the
+ * wall-clock cost snapshots add to the session.
+ *
+ *   bun run script/benchmark-snapshot-session.ts [--fixture opencode] [--ttft 400] [--rounds 2]
+ *
+ * Uses the fixtures generated by benchmark-snapshot.ts.
+ */
+import { $ } from "bun"
+import fs from "fs/promises"
+import os from "os"
+import path from "path"
+import { LanguageModel, LLM, LLMEvent } from "@opencode/ai"
+import { OpenAIChat } from "@opencode/ai/protocols/openai-chat"
+import { TestLLM } from "@opencode/ai/testing"
+import { Global } from "@opencode/util/global"
+import { AppProcess } from "@opencode/util/process"
+import { LayerNode } from "@opencode/util/effect/layer-node"
+import { Money } from "@opencode/schema/money"
+import { Effect, Layer, Logger, Stream } from "effect"
+import { Agent } from "../src/agent"
+import { Bus } from "../src/bus"
+import { Database } from "../src/database/database"
+import { AppNodeBuilder } from "../src/effect/app-node-builder"
+import { Location } from "../src/location"
+import { Project } from "../src/project"
+import { ProjectTable } from "../src/project/sql"
+import { AbsolutePath } from "../src/schema"
+import { Session } from "../src/session"
+import { SessionMessage } from "../src/session/message"
+import { SessionProjector } from "../src/session/projector"
+import { SessionRunnerModel } from "../src/session/runner/model"
+import { SessionStep } from "../src/session/runner/step"
+import { SessionTable } from "../src/session/sql"
+import { Snapshot } from "../src/snapshot"
+import { ToolOutput } from "../src/tool-output"
+
+const args = process.argv.slice(2)
+const flag = (name: string) => {
+  const index = args.indexOf(`--${name}`)
+  return index === -1 ? undefined : args[index + 1]
+}
+const fixture = flag("fixture") ?? "opencode"
+const ttft = Number(flag("ttft") ?? 400)
+const rounds = Number(flag("rounds") ?? 2)
+const root = path.join(process.env.SNAPSHOT_BENCH_ROOT ?? os.tmpdir(), "opencode-snapshot-bench")
+const directory = path.join(root, "fixtures", fixture)
+
+// A read-heavy coding loop: explore, edit, run checks, answer.
+const trace = [
+  "read",
+  "grep",
+  "read",
+  "glob",
+  "read",
+  "edit",
+  "shell",
+  "read",
+  "edit",
+  "shell",
+  "grep",
+  "read",
+  "edit",
+  "shell",
+  "text",
+] as const
+
+let spawns = 0
+const countingProcess = Layer.effect(
+  AppProcess.Service,
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const real = yield* AppProcess.Service
+    return AppProcess.Service.of({
+      ...real,
+      run: (command, options) => {
+        spawns++
+        return real.run(command, options)
+      },
+    })
+  }),
+).pipe(Layer.provide(AppNodeBuilder.build(AppProcess.node)))
+
+const snapshotLayer = (data: string) =>
+  AppNodeBuilder.build(Snapshot.node, [
+    Location.node.replace(Location.boundNode(Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(directory) }))),
+    Global.node.replace(Global.layerWith({ data, config: path.join(data, "config") })),
+    AppProcess.node.replace(countingProcess),
+  ])
+
+const files = (await $`git ls-files -z -- '*.ts'`.cwd(directory).text()).split("\0").filter(Boolean).slice(0, 50)
+
+const model = SessionRunnerModel.resolved(
+  LanguageModel.make({ id: "bench-model", provider: "test", route: OpenAIChat.route }),
+  {
+    capabilities: { tools: true, input: ["text"], output: ["text"] },
+    limit: { context: 100_000, output: 1_000 },
+    cost: [
+      {
+        input: Money.USDPerMillionTokens.make(1),
+        output: Money.USDPerMillionTokens.make(2),
+        cache: { read: Money.USDPerMillionTokens.make(0.1), write: Money.USDPerMillionTokens.make(0.5) },
+      },
+    ],
+  },
+)
+
+const delayed = (response: ReturnType<typeof TestLLM.stop>) =>
+  Stream.unwrap(Effect.sleep(ttft).pipe(Effect.as(Stream.fromIterable(response as Iterable<LLMEvent>))))
+
+const run = (snapshots: Layer.Layer<Snapshot.Service>) =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const db = (yield* Database.Service).db
+    const llm = yield* TestLLM.Test
+    const sessionID = Session.ID.create()
+    yield* db
+      .insert(ProjectTable)
+      .values({ id: Project.ID.global, worktree: AbsolutePath.make(directory), sandboxes: [] })
+      .onConflictDoNothing()
+      .run()
+    yield* db
+      .insert(SessionTable)
+      .values({ id: sessionID, project_id: Project.ID.global, slug: "bench", directory, version: "bench" })
+      .run()
+    const steps = yield* SessionStep.make
+    const snapshot = yield* Snapshot.Service
+    // Warm the snapshot store so the first step does not pay repository creation.
+    yield* snapshot.capture()
+    const before = spawns
+    const start = performance.now()
+    let edits = 0
+    for (let round = 0; round < rounds; round++)
+      for (const kind of trace) {
+        const call = `call-${round}-${edits}-${kind}-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2)}`
+        yield* llm.push(
+          delayed(
+            kind === "text"
+              ? TestLLM.text("Done.", `text-${call}`)
+              : TestLLM.tool(call, kind, { path: files[edits % files.length] }),
+          ),
+        )
+        yield* steps.attempt({
+          isLocationClosed: () => false,
+          sessionID,
+          assistantMessageID: SessionMessage.ID.create(),
+          agent: Agent.defaultID,
+          model,
+          prepared: {
+            retry: () => Effect.void,
+            request: LLM.request({ model: model.model, prompt: "bench" }),
+            options: {},
+            executeTool: (input) =>
+              Effect.gen(function* () {
+                if (input.call.name === "edit")
+                  yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+                    Bun.write(path.join(directory, files[edits++ % files.length]!), `// bench ${edits}\n`),
+                  )
+                return { content: [{ type: "text" as const, text: "ok" }] }
+              }),
+          },
+          retry: () => Effect.succeed({ retry: false as const }),
+          recoverContinuation: false,
+          recoverOverflow: Effect.succeed(false),
+        })
+      }
+    return { ms: performance.now() - start, spawns: spawns - before }
+  }).pipe(
+    Effect.provide(snapshots),
+    Effect.provide(
+      Layer.merge(
+        AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node, SessionProjector.node, ToolOutput.node]), [
+          Bus.node.replace(Bus.configured({ persist: true })),
+        ]),
+        TestLLM.testLayer(),
+      ),
+    ),
+    Effect.provide(Logger.layer([])),
+  )
+
+await $`git -c core.fsmonitor=false reset -q --hard`.cwd(directory).quiet()
+const data = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(root, "session-data-"))
+const noop = await Effect.runPromise(run(Snapshot.noopLayer))
+await $`git -c core.fsmonitor=false reset -q --hard`.cwd(directory).quiet()
+const real = await Effect.runPromise(run(snapshotLayer(data)))
+await $`git -c core.fsmonitor=false reset -q --hard`.cwd(directory).quiet()
+await fs.rm(data, { recursive: true, force: true })
+
+const count = trace.length * rounds
+console.log(`fixture ${fixture}, ${count} steps, simulated time to first event ${ttft} ms`)
+console.log(`no snapshots   ${noop.ms.toFixed(0).padStart(7)} ms`)
+console.log(`snapshots      ${real.ms.toFixed(0).padStart(7)} ms   git ${real.spawns}`)
+console.log(
+  `overhead       ${(real.ms - noop.ms).toFixed(0).padStart(7)} ms   ${((real.ms - noop.ms) / count).toFixed(1)} ms/step   ${(real.spawns / count).toFixed(1)} git/step`,
+)
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Child process for the cross-process snapshot probe: edits its own file and captures repeatedly,
+// printing the number of failed captures.
+import path from "path"
+import { Effect, Logger } from "effect"
+import { AppNodeBuilder } from "../src/effect/app-node-builder"
+import { Location } from "../src/location"
+import { AbsolutePath } from "../src/schema"
+import { Snapshot } from "../src/snapshot"
+import { Global } from "@opencode/util/global"
+
+const [data, directory, id, count] = process.argv.slice(2)
+const layer = AppNodeBuilder.build(Snapshot.node, [
+  Location.node.replace(Location.boundNode(Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(directory!) }))),
+  Global.node.replace(Global.layerWith({ data: data!, config: path.join(data!, "config") })),
+])
+
+const failures = await Effect.runPromise(
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const snapshot = yield* Snapshot.Service
+    let failed = 0
+    for (let index = 0; index < Number(count); index++) {
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => Bun.write(path.join(directory!, `worker-${id}.txt`), `${index}\n`))
+      if ((yield* snapshot.capture()) === undefined) failed++
+    }
+    return failed
+  }).pipe(Effect.provide(layer), Effect.provide(Logger.layer([]))),
+)
+console.log(failures)
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+/**
+ * Snapshot benchmark + robustness probe.
+ *
+ *   bun run script/benchmark-snapshot.ts [--fixtures small,medium,large,opencode] [--iterations 10] [--json out.json]
+ *
+ * Fixtures are generated once under $TMPDIR/opencode-snapshot-bench and reset before each run.
+ * Every timed scenario also reports how many git processes it spawned.
+ */
+import { $ } from "bun"
+import fs from "fs/promises"
+import os from "os"
+import path from "path"
+import { Effect, Layer, Logger } from "effect"
+import { AppNodeBuilder } from "../src/effect/app-node-builder"
+import { Git } from "../src/git"
+import { Location } from "../src/location"
+import { AbsolutePath, RelativePath } from "../src/schema"
+import { Snapshot } from "../src/snapshot"
+import { Global } from "@opencode/util/global"
+import { AppProcess } from "@opencode/util/process"
+
+const args = process.argv.slice(2)
+const flag = (name: string) => {
+  const index = args.indexOf(`--${name}`)
+  return index === -1 ? undefined : args[index + 1]
+}
+const iterations = Number(flag("iterations") ?? 10)
+const selected = (flag("fixtures") ?? "small,medium,large,opencode").split(",")
+const jsonOut = flag("json")
+const root = path.join(process.env.SNAPSHOT_BENCH_ROOT ?? os.tmpdir(), "opencode-snapshot-bench")
+
+type Fixture = { name: string; tracked: number; ignored: number; dirs: number }
+const fixtures: Record<string, Fixture> = {
+  small: { name: "small", tracked: 1_000, ignored: 0, dirs: 20 },
+  medium: { name: "medium", tracked: 20_000, ignored: 20_000, dirs: 400 },
+  large: { name: "large", tracked: 100_000, ignored: 50_000, dirs: 2_000 },
+}
+
+// ---------- fixture generation ----------
+
+async function writeMany(files: Array<[string, string]>) {
+  const dirs = new Set(files.map(([file]) => path.dirname(file)))
+  await Promise.all([...dirs].map((dir) => fs.mkdir(dir, { recursive: true })))
+  for (let index = 0; index < files.length; index += 512)
+    await Promise.all(files.slice(index, index + 512).map(([file, content]) => Bun.write(file, content)))
+}
+
+async function generate(fixture: Fixture) {
+  const dir = path.join(root, "fixtures", fixture.name)
+  if (await Bun.file(path.join(dir, ".bench-ready")).exists()) return dir
+  await fs.rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true })
+  console.error(`generating fixture ${fixture.name} (${fixture.tracked} tracked, ${fixture.ignored} ignored)`)
+  const tracked = Array.from({ length: fixture.tracked }, (_, index) => {
+    const file = path.join(dir, "src", `d${index % fixture.dirs}`, `f${index}.ts`)
+    return [file, `export const value${index} = ${index}\n`.repeat(8)] as [string, string]
+  })
+  const ignored = Array.from({ length: fixture.ignored }, (_, index) => {
+    const file = path.join(dir, "node_modules", `pkg${index % 500}`, `f${index}.js`)
+    return [file, `module.exports = ${index}\n`] as [string, string]
+  })
+  await writeMany([...tracked, ...ignored, [path.join(dir, ".gitignore"), "node_modules\ndist\n"]])
+  await gitInit(dir)
+  await Bun.write(path.join(dir, ".bench-ready"), "")
+  return dir
+}
+
+async function cloneOpencode() {
+  const dir = path.join(root, "fixtures", "opencode")
+  if (await Bun.file(path.join(dir, ".bench-ready")).exists()) return dir
+  await fs.rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true })
+  const source = (await $`git rev-parse --show-toplevel`.cwd(import.meta.dir).text()).trim()
+  console.error(`cloning ${source} into fixture opencode`)
+  await $`git clone --quiet --local --no-hardlinks ${source} ${dir}`.quiet()
+  // A realistic ignored dependency tree without paying for a full install.
+  await writeMany(
+    Array.from({ length: 30_000 }, (_, index) => [
+      path.join(dir, "node_modules", `pkg${index % 700}`, `f${index}.js`),
+      `module.exports = ${index}\n`,
+    ]),
+  )
+  await Bun.write(path.join(dir, ".git", "info", "exclude"), ".bench-ready\n")
+  await Bun.write(path.join(dir, ".bench-ready"), "")
+  return dir
+}
+
+async function gitInit(dir: string) {
+  await $`git init -q`.cwd(dir).quiet()
+  await Bun.write(path.join(dir, ".git", "info", "exclude"), ".bench-ready\n")
+  await $`git -c core.fsmonitor=false add -A`.cwd(dir).quiet()
+  await $`git -c user.email=bench@opencode.test -c user.name=Bench commit -q --no-gpg-sign -m initial`.cwd(dir).quiet()
+}
+
+async function reset(dir: string) {
+  await $`git -c core.fsmonitor=false reset -q --hard`.cwd(dir).quiet()
+  await $`git -c core.fsmonitor=false clean -qfd`.cwd(dir).quiet()
+}
+
+// ---------- harness ----------
+
+let spawns = 0
+const countingProcess = Layer.effect(
+  AppProcess.Service,
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const real = yield* AppProcess.Service
+    return AppProcess.Service.of({
+      ...real,
+      run: (command, options) => {
+        spawns++
+        return real.run(command, options)
+      },
+    })
+  }),
+).pipe(Layer.provide(AppNodeBuilder.build(AppProcess.node)))
+
+function snapshotLayer(data: string, directory: string) {
+  return AppNodeBuilder.build(Snapshot.node, [
+    Location.node.replace(Location.boundNode(Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(directory) }))),
+    Global.node.replace(Global.layerWith({ data, config: path.join(data, "config") })),
+    AppProcess.node.replace(countingProcess),
+  ])
+}
+
+type Sample = { ms: number; spawns: number }
+const results: Array<{ fixture: string; scenario: string; samples: Sample[] }> = []
+
+const time = <A, E, R>(effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const before = spawns
+    const start = performance.now()
+    const value = yield* effect
+    return { value, sample: { ms: performance.now() - start, spawns: spawns - before } }
+  })
+
+function record(fixture: string, scenario: string, samples: Sample[]) {
+  results.push({ fixture, scenario, samples })
+  const sorted = samples.map((sample) => sample.ms).toSorted((a, b) => a - b)
+  const p = (value: number) => sorted[Math.min(Math.ceil(sorted.length * value) - 1, sorted.length - 1)] ?? 0
+  const mean = sorted.reduce((total, value) => total + value, 0) / sorted.length
+  const spawned = samples.reduce((total, sample) => total + sample.spawns, 0) / samples.length
+  console.log(
+    `${fixture.padEnd(9)} ${scenario.padEnd(22)} p50 ${p(0.5).toFixed(1).padStart(8)} ms  mean ${mean
+      .toFixed(1)
+      .padStart(8)} ms  max ${(sorted.at(-1) ?? 0).toFixed(1).padStart(8)} ms  git ${spawned.toFixed(1).padStart(5)}`,
+  )
+}
+
+const edit = (dir: string, files: string[], tag: string) =>
+  Effect.promise(() => Promise.all(files.map((file) => Bun.write(path.join(dir, file), `// ${tag}\n${file}\n`))))
+
+function trackedSample(dir: string, count: number) {
+  return $`git ls-files -z`
+    .cwd(dir)
+    .text()
+    .then((text) => {
+      const files = text.split("\0").filter((file) => file.endsWith(".ts") || file.endsWith(".md"))
+      const stride = Math.max(1, Math.floor(files.length / count))
+      return Array.from({ length: count }, (_, index) => files[(index * stride) % files.length]!)
+    })
+}
+
+const repeat = <A, E, R>(count: number, effect: (index: number) => Effect.Effect<Sample, E, R>) =>
+  Effect.forEach(
+    Array.from({ length: count }, (_, index) => index),
+    effect,
+  )
+
+async function bench(name: string, dir: string) {
+  await reset(dir)
+  const data = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(root, "data-"))
+  const sample = await trackedSample(dir, 100)
+  const program = Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const snapshot = yield* Snapshot.Service
+    const capture = snapshot
+      .capture()
+      .pipe(Effect.flatMap((id) => (id ? Effect.succeed(id) : Effect.die(new Error("capture returned undefined")))))
+
+    const cold = yield* time(capture)
+    record(name, "capture cold", [cold.sample])
+
+    record(
+      name,
+      "capture clean",
+      yield* repeat(iterations, () => time(capture).pipe(Effect.map((result) => result.sample))),
+    )
+
+    record(
+      name,
+      "capture edit 1",
+      yield* repeat(iterations, (index) =>
+        edit(dir, [sample[0]!], `edit-${index}`).pipe(
+          Effect.andThen(time(capture)),
+          Effect.map((result) => result.sample),
+        ),
+      ),
+    )
+
+    record(
+      name,
+      "capture add 1",
+      yield* repeat(iterations, (index) =>
+        edit(dir, [`src/new-${index}.ts`], "new").pipe(
+          Effect.andThen(time(capture)),
+          Effect.map((result) => result.sample),
+        ),
+      ),
+    )
+
+    const before = yield* capture
+    const edited = yield* repeat(Math.max(3, Math.ceil(iterations / 2)), (index) =>
+      edit(dir, sample, `bulk-${index}`).pipe(
+        Effect.andThen(time(capture)),
+        Effect.map((result) => result.sample),
+      ),
+    )
+    record(name, "capture edit 100", edited)
+    const after = yield* capture
+
+    record(
+      name,
+      "files (100 changed)",
+      yield* repeat(iterations, () =>
+        time(snapshot.files({ from: before, to: after })).pipe(Effect.map((result) => result.sample)),
+      ),
+    )
+    record(
+      name,
+      "diff (100 changed)",
+      yield* repeat(iterations, () =>
+        time(snapshot.diff({ from: before, to: after })).pipe(Effect.map((result) => result.sample)),
+      ),
+    )
+    const plan = new Map(sample.map((file) => [RelativePath.make(file), before] as const))
+    record(
+      name,
+      "restore 100",
+      yield* repeat(Math.max(3, Math.ceil(iterations / 2)), (index) =>
+        edit(dir, sample, `restore-${index}`).pipe(
+          Effect.andThen(time(snapshot.restore({ files: plan }))),
+          Effect.map((result) => result.sample),
+        ),
+      ),
+    )
+
+    // A read-mostly agent loop under the step policy: capture at attempt start, capture at settlement,
+    // then list changed files. One step in five edits two files.
+    const steps = yield* repeat(20, (index) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const before = spawns
+        const start = performance.now()
+        const from = yield* capture
+        if (index % 5 === 0) yield* edit(dir, [sample[index]!, sample[index + 1]!], `step-${index}`)
+        const to = yield* capture
+        if (from !== to) yield* snapshot.files({ from, to })
+        return { ms: performance.now() - start, spawns: spawns - before }
+      }),
+    )
+    record(name, "step loop (per step)", steps)
+  }).pipe(Effect.provide(snapshotLayer(data, dir)))
+  await Effect.runPromise(program.pipe(Effect.provide(Logger.layer([]))))
+  await reset(dir)
+  const store = (await $`find ${path.join(data, "snapshot")} -mindepth 2 -maxdepth 2 -type d`.text()).trim()
+  const before = Number((await $`du -sk ${store}`.text()).split("\t")[0])
+  const started = performance.now()
+  await Effect.runPromise(
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const git = yield* Git.Service
+      // The baseline worktree predates object packing.
+      if (!("objects" in git)) return
+      yield* git.objects.pack(
+        new Git.Repository({
+          worktree: AbsolutePath.make(dir),
+          gitDirectory: AbsolutePath.make(store),
+          commonDirectory: AbsolutePath.make(store),
+        }),
+      )
+    }).pipe(Effect.provide(AppNodeBuilder.build(Git.node)), Effect.provide(Logger.layer([]))),
+  )
+  const after = Number((await $`du -sk ${store}`.text()).split("\t")[0])
+  console.log(
+    `${name.padEnd(9)} packing                ${before} KiB -> ${after} KiB in ${(performance.now() - started).toFixed(0)} ms`,
+  )
+  const size = await $`du -sk ${data}`.text()
+  const loose = (await $`find ${data}/snapshot -path '*/objects/??/*' -type f`.text()).split("\n").filter(Boolean)
+  const files = (await $`find ${data}/snapshot -maxdepth 3 -type f`.text()).split("\n").filter(Boolean)
+  console.log(
+    `${name.padEnd(9)} snapshot store         ${size.split("\t")[0]} KiB, ${loose.length} loose objects, top-level files: ${files.map((file) => path.basename(file)).join(" ")}`,
+  )
+  await fs.rm(data, { recursive: true, force: true })
+}
+
+// ---------- robustness probes ----------
+
+async function probe(label: string, run: () => Promise<boolean>) {
+  const ok = await run().catch((error) => {
+    console.error(error)
+    return false
+  })
+  console.log(`probe     ${label.padEnd(44)} ${ok ? "PASS" : "FAIL"}`)
+  results.push({ fixture: "probe", scenario: label, samples: [{ ms: ok ? 1 : 0, spawns: 0 }] })
+}
+
+async function withRepo<A>(setup: (dir: string) => Promise<void>, body: (dir: string, data: string) => Promise<A>) {
+  const dir = await fs.realpath(await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(root, "probe-")))
+  const project = path.join(dir, "project")
+  await fs.mkdir(project)
+  await setup(project)
+  await gitInit(project)
+  const result = await body(project, path.join(dir, "data"))
+  await fs.rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true })
+  return result
+}
+
+const captureOnce = (data: string, directory: string) =>
+  Effect.runPromise(
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const snapshot = yield* Snapshot.Service
+      return yield* snapshot.capture()
+    }).pipe(Effect.provide(snapshotLayer(data, directory)), Effect.provide(Logger.layer([]))),
+  )
+
+async function snapshotGitDir(data: string) {
+  const projects = await fs.readdir(path.join(data, "snapshot"))
+  const project = path.join(data, "snapshot", projects[0]!)
+  return path.join(project, (await fs.readdir(project))[0]!)
+}
+
+async function probes() {
+  await probe("capture self-heals a zeroed index", () =>
+    withRepo(
+      (dir) => Bun.write(path.join(dir, "a.txt"), "a\n").then(() => {}),
+      async (dir, data) => {
+        await captureOnce(data, dir)
+        const gitDir = await snapshotGitDir(data)
+        await Bun.write(path.join(gitDir, "index"), new Uint8Array(1024))
+        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "a.txt"), "b\n")
+        return (await captureOnce(data, dir)) !== undefined
+      },
+    ),
+  )
+
+  await probe("capture survives a stale index.lock", () =>
+    withRepo(
+      (dir) => Bun.write(path.join(dir, "a.txt"), "a\n").then(() => {}),
+      async (dir, data) => {
+        await captureOnce(data, dir)
+        const gitDir = await snapshotGitDir(data)
+        await Bun.write(path.join(gitDir, "index.lock"), "")
+        await Bun.write(path.join(dir, "a.txt"), "b\n")
+        return (await captureOnce(data, dir)) !== undefined
+      },
+    ),
+  )
+
+  await probe("capture works in a `..scope` directory", () =>
+    withRepo(
+      (dir) => Bun.write(path.join(dir, "..scope", "a.txt"), "a\n").then(() => {}),
+      async (dir, data) => (await captureOnce(data, path.join(dir, "..scope"))) !== undefined,
+    ),
+  )
+
+  await probe("two processes capture concurrently (4x25)", () =>
+    withRepo(
+      (dir) => writeMany(Array.from({ length: 2000 }, (_, i) => [path.join(dir, `d${i % 20}`, `f${i}.txt`), `${i}\n`])),
+      async (dir, data) => {
+        await captureOnce(data, dir)
+        const worker = path.join(import.meta.dir, "benchmark-snapshot-worker.ts")
+        const outputs = await Promise.all(
+          Array.from({ length: 4 }, (_, id) => $`bun run ${worker} ${data} ${dir} ${id} 25`.nothrow().quiet()),
+        )
+        const failures = outputs.map((output) => Number(output.stdout.toString().trim() || "25"))
+        console.log(`          concurrent capture failures per process: ${failures.join(", ")}`)
+        return failures.every((count) => count === 0)
+      },
+    ),
+  )
+}
+
+await fs.mkdir(root, { recursive: true })
+for (const name of selected) {
+  if (name === "probes") continue
+  const dir = name === "opencode" ? await cloneOpencode() : await generate(fixtures[name]!)
+  await bench(name, dir)
+}
+if (selected.includes("probes") || !flag("fixtures")) await probes()
+if (jsonOut) await Bun.write(jsonOut, JSON.stringify(results, null, 2))
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Compare two snapshot-parity.ts outputs and print every diverging step per scenario.
+const [left, right] = await Promise.all(process.argv.slice(2, 4).map((file) => Bun.file(file!).json()))
+let divergent = 0
+for (const name of new Set([...Object.keys(left), ...Object.keys(right)])) {
+  const a: unknown[] = left[name] ?? []
+  const b: unknown[] = right[name] ?? []
+  const differences = Array.from({ length: Math.max(a.length, b.length) }, (_, index) => index).filter(
+    (index) => JSON.stringify(a[index]) !== JSON.stringify(b[index]),
+  )
+  if (!differences.length) {
+    console.log(`same      ${name}`)
+    continue
+  }
+  divergent++
+  console.log(`DIFFERENT ${name}`)
+  for (const index of differences) {
+    console.log(`  step ${index}`)
+    console.log(`    base: ${JSON.stringify(a[index])}`)
+    console.log(`    new:  ${JSON.stringify(b[index])}`)
+  }
+}
+console.log(divergent ? `${divergent} divergent scenarios` : "all scenarios identical")
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Run the snapshot parity corpus from two worktrees under every Git config variant and compare.
+#   script/snapshot-parity-run.sh <baseline-worktree> [variant...]
+set -e
+base="$1"
+shift
+here="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." && pwd)"
+out="${SNAPSHOT_BENCH_ROOT:-${TMPDIR:-/tmp}}/opencode-snapshot-parity-results"
+mkdir -p "$out"
+cp "$here/script/snapshot-parity.ts" "$base/packages/core/script/snapshot-parity.ts"
+variants="${*:-user empty split-index skip-hash autocrlf-and-no-untracked-cache fsmonitor template-hook}"
+status=0
+for name in $variants; do
+  variant="$(echo "$name" | tr '-' ' ')"
+  (cd "$base/packages/core" && PARITY_CONFIG="$variant" bun run script/snapshot-parity.ts "$out/$name-base.json" >/dev/null 2>&1)
+  (cd "$here" && PARITY_CONFIG="$variant" bun run script/snapshot-parity.ts "$out/$name-new.json" >/dev/null 2>&1)
+  echo "=== $variant"
+  bun run "$here/script/snapshot-parity-compare.ts" "$out/$name-base.json" "$out/$name-new.json" | grep -v "^same" || status=1
+done
+exit $status
@@ -0,0 +1,710 @@
+/**
+ * Differential corpus for the snapshot engine. Run the same file from two worktrees
+ * and compare the JSON: tree IDs, changed-file lists, diffs, and post-restore
+ * worktree digests must be byte-identical.
+ *
+ *   bun run script/snapshot-parity.ts <result.json> [scenario...]
+ */
+import { $ } from "bun"
+import crypto from "crypto"
+import fs from "fs/promises"
+import os from "os"
+import path from "path"
+import { Effect, Layer, Logger, ManagedRuntime } from "effect"
+import { AppNodeBuilder } from "../src/effect/app-node-builder"
+import { Location } from "../src/location"
+import { AbsolutePath, RelativePath } from "../src/schema"
+import { Snapshot } from "../src/snapshot"
+import { Global } from "@opencode/util/global"
+
+const root = path.join(process.env.SNAPSHOT_BENCH_ROOT ?? os.tmpdir(), "opencode-snapshot-parity")
+
+// User-level Git configuration reaches every snapshot command, so the corpus runs under several.
+const variants: Record<string, string | undefined> = {
+  user: undefined,
+  empty: "",
+  "split index": "[core]\n\tsplitIndex = true\n",
+  "skip hash": "[index]\n\tskipHash = true\n[feature]\n\tmanyFiles = true\n",
+  "autocrlf and no untracked cache": "[core]\n\tautocrlf = true\n\tuntrackedCache = false\n",
+  fsmonitor: "[core]\n\tfsmonitor = true\n",
+  "template hook": "[init]\n\ttemplateDir = TEMPLATE\n",
+}
+const variant = process.env.PARITY_CONFIG ?? "user"
+if (variants[variant] !== undefined) {
+  await fs.mkdir(root, { recursive: true })
+  const template = path.join(root, `template-${process.pid}`)
+  await fs.mkdir(path.join(template, "hooks"), { recursive: true })
+  await fs.writeFile(path.join(template, "hooks", "post-checkout"), '#!/bin/sh\necho "checkout $3" > .hooklog\n', {
+    mode: 0o755,
+  })
+  // Stores are created with `git init`, so template ignore rules must keep applying to them.
+  await fs.mkdir(path.join(template, "info"), { recursive: true })
+  await fs.writeFile(path.join(template, "info", "exclude"), "template-ignored/\n")
+  const config = path.join(root, `gitconfig-${process.pid}`)
+  await fs.writeFile(config, variants[variant]!.replace("TEMPLATE", template))
+  process.env.GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL = config
+}
+
+const env = {
+  ...process.env,
+  GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL: "file",
+  GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: "Parity",
+  GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL: "parity@opencode.test",
+  GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: "Parity",
+  GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL: "parity@opencode.test",
+  GIT_AUTHOR_DATE: "2026-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+  GIT_COMMITTER_DATE: "2026-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+}
+
+type Context = {
+  readonly dir: string
+  readonly write: (file: string, content: string | Uint8Array) => Promise<void>
+  readonly remove: (file: string) => Promise<void>
+  readonly git: (args: string[], cwd?: string) => Promise<string>
+  readonly capture: (label: string, location?: string) => Promise<void>
+  readonly files: (from: string, to: string) => Promise<void>
+  readonly diff: (from: string, to: string, paths?: string[]) => Promise<void>
+  readonly restore: (label: string, files: Record<string, string>) => Promise<void>
+  readonly digest: (label: string) => Promise<void>
+}
+
+type Scenario = (ctx: Context) => Promise<void>
+
+const commit = async (ctx: Context, message = "initial") => {
+  await ctx.git(["add", "-A"])
+  await ctx.git(["commit", "-q", "--no-gpg-sign", "--allow-empty", "-m", message])
+}
+
+const scenarios: Record<string, Scenario> = {
+  async basic(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("a.txt", "a\n")
+    await ctx.write("b.txt", "b\n")
+    await ctx.write("dir/c.txt", "c\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.write("a.txt", "a2\n")
+    await ctx.remove("b.txt")
+    await ctx.write("dir/new.txt", "new\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.capture("t1-again")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t1")
+    await ctx.diff("t0", "t1")
+    await ctx.diff("t0", "t1", ["a.txt"])
+    await ctx.restore("undo", { "a.txt": "t0", "b.txt": "t0", "dir/new.txt": "t0" })
+    await ctx.capture("t2")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t2")
+  },
+
+  async "rename directory"(ctx) {
+    for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) await ctx.write(`src/f${i}.ts`, `${i}\n`)
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await fs.rename(path.join(ctx.dir, "src"), path.join(ctx.dir, "lib"))
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t1")
+    await ctx.diff("t0", "t1")
+  },
+
+  async "file becomes directory"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("a", "file\n")
+    await ctx.write("keep.txt", "keep\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.remove("a")
+    await ctx.write("a/b", "nested\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t1")
+    await ctx.restore("undo", { a: "t0", "a/b": "t0" })
+    await ctx.capture("t2")
+  },
+
+  async "directory becomes file"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("d/x", "x\n")
+    await ctx.write("d/y", "y\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.remove("d")
+    await ctx.write("d", "file now\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t1")
+    await ctx.restore("undo", { "d/x": "t0", "d/y": "t0", d: "t0" })
+    await ctx.capture("t2")
+  },
+
+  async "embedded repository"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("top.txt", "top\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.write("sub/inner.txt", "inner\n")
+    await ctx.git(["init", "-q"], path.join(ctx.dir, "sub"))
+    await ctx.git(["add", "-A"], path.join(ctx.dir, "sub"))
+    await ctx.git(["commit", "-q", "--no-gpg-sign", "-m", "inner"], path.join(ctx.dir, "sub"))
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.write("sub/inner.txt", "changed\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t2")
+    await ctx.git(["commit", "-q", "--no-gpg-sign", "-am", "inner 2"], path.join(ctx.dir, "sub"))
+    await ctx.capture("t3")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t3")
+    await ctx.diff("t0", "t3")
+  },
+
+  async symlinks(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("target.txt", "target\n")
+    await ctx.write("dir/inside.txt", "inside\n")
+    await ctx.write("plain.txt", "plain\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await fs.symlink("target.txt", path.join(ctx.dir, "link"))
+    await fs.symlink("dir", path.join(ctx.dir, "dirlink"))
+    await fs.symlink("missing", path.join(ctx.dir, "dangling"))
+    await ctx.remove("plain.txt")
+    await fs.symlink("target.txt", path.join(ctx.dir, "plain.txt"))
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.write("target.txt", "target 2\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t2")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t2")
+    await ctx.diff("t0", "t2")
+    await ctx.restore("undo", { link: "t0", dirlink: "t0", dangling: "t0", "plain.txt": "t0", "target.txt": "t0" })
+    await ctx.capture("t3")
+  },
+
+  async "executable bit"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("run.sh", "echo hi\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await fs.chmod(path.join(ctx.dir, "run.sh"), 0o755)
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t1")
+    await ctx.diff("t0", "t1")
+    await ctx.restore("undo", { "run.sh": "t0" })
+    await ctx.capture("t2")
+  },
+
+  async "special names"(ctx) {
+    const names = [
+      "with space.txt",
+      "caf\u00e9.txt",
+      "cafe\u0301-nfd.txt",
+      'quote"s.txt',
+      "-rf",
+      ":colon.txt",
+      "!bang.txt",
+      "#hash.txt",
+      "app/[slug]/page.tsx",
+      "star*.txt",
+      "q?.txt",
+      "back\\slash.txt",
+      "tab\tname.txt",
+      "new\nline.txt",
+      "\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e/\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb.txt",
+    ]
+    for (const name of names) await ctx.write(name, `${name}\n`)
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    for (const name of names) await ctx.write(name, `${name} changed\n`)
+    await ctx.write("added [x].txt", "added\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t1")
+    await ctx.diff("t0", "t1")
+    await ctx.restore("undo", Object.fromEntries([...names, "added [x].txt"].map((name) => [name, "t0"])))
+    await ctx.capture("t2")
+  },
+
+  async "ignore rules"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write(".gitignore", "*.log\nbuild/\n!keep.log\n")
+    await ctx.write("keep.log", "keep\n")
+    await ctx.write("src/a.ts", "a\n")
+    await ctx.write("build/forced.txt", "forced\n")
+    await ctx.git(["add", "-A"])
+    await ctx.git(["add", "-f", "build/forced.txt"])
+    await ctx.git(["commit", "-q", "--no-gpg-sign", "-m", "initial"])
+    await ctx.write(".git/info/exclude", "secret/\n*.local\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.write("debug.log", "ignored\n")
+    await ctx.write("keep.log", "keep 2\n")
+    await ctx.write("build/forced.txt", "forced 2\n")
+    await ctx.write("build/out.js", "out\n")
+    await ctx.write("secret/key.txt", "key\n")
+    await ctx.write("config.local", "local\n")
+    await ctx.write("template-ignored/x.txt", "template\n")
+    await ctx.write("src/a.ts", "a2\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t1")
+    await ctx.diff("t0", "t1")
+    await ctx.write(".git/info/exclude", "")
+    await ctx.capture("t2")
+    await ctx.files("t1", "t2")
+  },
+
+  async "gitignore changes"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("gen/out.txt", "1\n")
+    await ctx.write("src.txt", "src\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.write(".gitignore", "gen/\n")
+    await ctx.write("gen/out.txt", "2\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t1")
+    await ctx.write(".gitignore", "")
+    await ctx.capture("t2")
+    await ctx.files("t1", "t2")
+  },
+
+  async "large files"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("tracked.bin", "small\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.write("big.bin", new Uint8Array(3 * 1024 * 1024).fill(7))
+    await ctx.write("tracked.bin", new Uint8Array(3 * 1024 * 1024).fill(9))
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t1")
+    await ctx.write("big.bin", "now small\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t2")
+    await ctx.files("t1", "t2")
+  },
+
+  async "line endings"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write(".gitattributes", "* text=auto\n*.bat eol=crlf\n")
+    await ctx.write("unix.txt", "one\ntwo\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.write("unix.txt", "one\r\ntwo\r\nthree\r\n")
+    await ctx.write("run.bat", "echo\r\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t1")
+    await ctx.diff("t0", "t1")
+    await ctx.restore("undo", { "unix.txt": "t0", "run.bat": "t0" })
+    await ctx.digest("after-undo")
+  },
+
+  async "merge conflict in source"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("c.txt", "base\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.git(["checkout", "-q", "-b", "other"])
+    await ctx.write("c.txt", "other\n")
+    await commit(ctx, "other")
+    await ctx.git(["checkout", "-q", "-"])
+    await ctx.write("c.txt", "main\n")
+    await commit(ctx, "main")
+    await ctx.git(["merge", "-q", "other"]).catch(() => "")
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.write("c.txt", "resolved\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t1")
+  },
+
+  async "case-only rename"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("Readme.md", "readme\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await fs.rename(path.join(ctx.dir, "Readme.md"), path.join(ctx.dir, "README.md"))
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t1")
+    await ctx.write("README.md", "changed\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t2")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t2")
+  },
+
+  async "location subdirectory"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("pkg/a.txt", "a\n")
+    await ctx.write("other/b.txt", "b\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0", "pkg")
+    await ctx.write("pkg/a.txt", "a2\n")
+    await ctx.write("pkg/new.txt", "new\n")
+    await ctx.write("other/b.txt", "b2\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t1", "pkg")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t1")
+    await ctx.capture("t2", ".")
+    await ctx.files("t1", "t2")
+    await ctx.capture("t3", "pkg")
+    await ctx.files("t2", "t3")
+  },
+
+  async "many untracked"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("seed.txt", "seed\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    for (let i = 0; i < 3000; i++) await ctx.write(`gen/d${i % 30}/f${i}.txt`, `${i}\n`)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.capture("t0-again")
+  },
+
+  async "empty directories and delete all"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("a/b/c.txt", "c\n")
+    await ctx.write("d.txt", "d\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await fs.mkdir(path.join(ctx.dir, "empty/nested"), { recursive: true })
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.remove("a")
+    await ctx.remove("d.txt")
+    await ctx.capture("t2")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t2")
+    await ctx.restore("undo", { "a/b/c.txt": "t0", "d.txt": "t0" })
+    await ctx.capture("t3")
+  },
+
+  async "restore with overlapping paths"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("a", "file a\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.remove("a")
+    await ctx.write("a/b", "nested b\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.remove("a")
+    await ctx.write("a", "file again\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t2")
+    await ctx.restore("order-1", { a: "t0", "a/b": "t0" })
+    await ctx.restore("order-2", { "a/b": "t1", a: "t1" })
+    await ctx.restore("order-3", { a: "t1", "a/b": "t1" })
+    await ctx.restore("order-4", { "a/b": "t0", a: "t2" })
+  },
+
+  async "restore from several trees"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("x.txt", "x0\n")
+    await ctx.write("y.txt", "y0\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.write("x.txt", "x1\n")
+    await ctx.write("z.txt", "z1\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.write("x.txt", "x2\n")
+    await ctx.write("y.txt", "y2\n")
+    await ctx.write("z.txt", "z2\n")
+    await ctx.write("w.txt", "w2\n")
+    await ctx.restore("mixed", { "x.txt": "t1", "y.txt": "t0", "z.txt": "t0", "w.txt": "t1" })
+  },
+
+  async "staged changes in source"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("a.txt", "a\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.write("a.txt", "staged\n")
+    await ctx.write("new.txt", "staged new\n")
+    await ctx.git(["add", "-A"])
+    await ctx.write("a.txt", "worktree\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.write("a.txt", "worktree 2\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t1")
+  },
+
+  async "binary and replaced types"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("img.bin", new Uint8Array([0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 255]))
+    await ctx.write("f.txt", "file\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.write("img.bin", new Uint8Array([0, 9, 9, 3, 0, 255, 1]))
+    await ctx.remove("f.txt")
+    await fs.symlink("img.bin", path.join(ctx.dir, "f.txt"))
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t1")
+    await ctx.diff("t0", "t1")
+    await ctx.remove("f.txt")
+    await ctx.write("f.txt", "file\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t2")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t2")
+  },
+
+  async "sparse checkout source"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("in/a.txt", "a\n")
+    await ctx.write("out/b.txt", "b\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.git(["sparse-checkout", "set", "in"])
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.write("in/a.txt", "a2\n")
+    await ctx.write("in/new.txt", "new\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t1")
+  },
+
+  async "unreadable file"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("ok.txt", "ok\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.write("locked.txt", "locked\n")
+    await fs.chmod(path.join(ctx.dir, "locked.txt"), 0o000)
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await fs.chmod(path.join(ctx.dir, "locked.txt"), 0o644)
+    await ctx.capture("t2")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t2")
+  },
+
+  async "no commits yet"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("a.txt", "a\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.git(["add", "a.txt"])
+    await ctx.write("b.txt", "b\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t1")
+  },
+
+  async "special files"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("a.txt", "a\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await $`mkfifo ${path.join(ctx.dir, "pipe")}`.quiet()
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.remove("pipe")
+    await ctx.capture("t2")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t2")
+  },
+
+  async "tracked submodule"(ctx) {
+    const other = path.join(path.dirname(ctx.dir), "library")
+    await fs.mkdir(other)
+    await ctx.git(["init", "-q"], other)
+    await fs.writeFile(path.join(other, "lib.txt"), "lib\n")
+    await ctx.git(["add", "-A"], other)
+    await ctx.git(["commit", "-q", "--no-gpg-sign", "-m", "lib"], other)
+    await ctx.git(["-c", "protocol.file.allow=always", "submodule", "add", "-q", other, "vendor/library"])
+    // The absolute temporary URL differs between runs; pin it so trees are comparable.
+    await ctx.git(["config", "-f", ".gitmodules", "submodule.vendor/library.url", "../library"])
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.write("vendor/library/lib.txt", "changed\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.git(["commit", "-q", "--no-gpg-sign", "-am", "bump"], path.join(ctx.dir, "vendor/library"))
+    await ctx.capture("t2")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t2")
+    await ctx.diff("t0", "t2")
+  },
+
+  async "index flags in source"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("assumed.txt", "a\n")
+    await ctx.write("skipped.txt", "s\n")
+    await ctx.write("plain.txt", "p\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.git(["update-index", "--assume-unchanged", "assumed.txt"])
+    await ctx.git(["update-index", "--skip-worktree", "skipped.txt"])
+    await ctx.write("intent.txt", "intent\n")
+    await ctx.git(["add", "-N", "intent.txt"])
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.write("assumed.txt", "a2\n")
+    await ctx.write("skipped.txt", "s2\n")
+    await ctx.write("intent.txt", "intent 2\n")
+    await ctx.write("plain.txt", "p2\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t1")
+  },
+
+  async "restore key spellings"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("Readme.md", "readme\n")
+    await ctx.write("dir/a.txt", "a\n")
+    await ctx.write("dir/b.txt", "b\n")
+    await ctx.write("caf\u00e9.txt", "nfc\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.write("Readme.md", "changed\n")
+    await ctx.write("dir/a.txt", "a2\n")
+    await ctx.write("dir/c.txt", "c2\n")
+    await ctx.write("caf\u00e9.txt", "nfc 2\n")
+    await ctx.restore("case", { "readme.md": "t0" })
+    await ctx.restore("directory", { dir: "t0" })
+    await ctx.restore("nfd", { "cafe\u0301.txt": "t0" })
+    await ctx.restore("dot-slash", { "./Readme.md": "t0" })
+  },
+
+  async "large batched restore"(ctx) {
+    for (let i = 0; i < 300; i++) await ctx.write(`src/m${i % 7}/f${i}.ts`, `export const v = ${i}\n`)
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    for (let i = 0; i < 300; i += 2) await ctx.write(`src/m${i % 7}/f${i}.ts`, `changed ${i}\n`)
+    for (let i = 0; i < 50; i++) await ctx.write(`src/new/n${i}.ts`, `new ${i}\n`)
+    for (let i = 1; i < 300; i += 3) await ctx.remove(`src/m${i % 7}/f${i}.ts`)
+    await ctx.capture("t1")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t1")
+    const changed = await Promise.resolve().then(async () => {
+      const files: Record<string, string> = {}
+      for (let i = 0; i < 300; i++) files[`src/m${i % 7}/f${i}.ts`] = "t0"
+      for (let i = 0; i < 50; i++) files[`src/new/n${i}.ts`] = "t0"
+      return files
+    })
+    await ctx.restore("all", changed)
+    await ctx.capture("t2")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t2")
+  },
+
+  async "restore blocked by a file"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("a/b.txt", "b\n")
+    await ctx.write("z.txt", "z\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.remove("a")
+    await ctx.write("a", "now a file\n")
+    await ctx.write("z.txt", "z2\n")
+    await ctx.restore("blocked", { "a/b.txt": "t0", "z.txt": "t0" })
+  },
+
+  async "location with pattern characters"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("app/[id]/page.tsx", "page\n")
+    await ctx.write("app/i/other.tsx", "other\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0", "app/[id]")
+    await ctx.write("app/[id]/page.tsx", "page 2\n")
+    await ctx.write("app/i/other.tsx", "other 2\n")
+    await ctx.capture("t1", "app/[id]")
+    await ctx.files("t0", "t1")
+  },
+
+  async "restore paths absent from both sides"(ctx) {
+    await ctx.write("a.txt", "a\n")
+    await commit(ctx)
+    await ctx.capture("t0")
+    await ctx.restore("missing", { "never.txt": "t0", "gone/deep/x.txt": "t0" })
+    await ctx.write("later.txt", "later\n")
+    await ctx.restore("remove-later", { "later.txt": "t0" })
+  },
+}
+
+async function run(name: string, scenario: Scenario) {
+  const base = await fs.realpath(await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(root, "case-")))
+  const dir = path.join(base, "project")
+  const data = path.join(base, "data")
+  await fs.mkdir(dir, { recursive: true })
+  const git = (args: string[], cwd = dir) =>
+    $`git -c core.fsmonitor=false -c core.splitIndex=false -c init.defaultBranch=main ${args}`
+      .cwd(cwd)
+      .env(env)
+      .quiet()
+      .text()
+  await git(["init", "-q"])
+  const log: unknown[] = []
+  const trees = new Map<string, Snapshot.ID | undefined>()
+  // One long-lived runtime per Location, as in production, so in-process caches are exercised.
+  const runtimes = new Map<string, ManagedRuntime.ManagedRuntime<Snapshot.Service, never>>()
+  const runtime = (location = ".") => {
+    const existing = runtimes.get(location)
+    if (existing) return existing
+    const created = ManagedRuntime.make(
+      Layer.provide(snapshotLayer(data, path.join(dir, location)), Logger.layer([])) as Layer.Layer<Snapshot.Service>,
+    )
+    runtimes.set(location, created)
+    return created
+  }
+  const use = <A>(location: string | undefined, body: (snapshot: Snapshot.Interface) => Effect.Effect<A, unknown>) =>
+    runtime(location)
+      .runPromise(
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          return yield* body(yield* Snapshot.Service)
+        }).pipe(Effect.exit),
+      )
+      .then((exit) => (exit._tag === "Success" ? { ok: exit.value } : { error: true }))
+  const tree = (label: string) => {
+    const id = trees.get(label)
+    if (!id) throw new Error(`no tree ${label}`)
+    return id
+  }
+  const ctx: Context = {
+    dir,
+    write: async (file, content) => {
+      await fs.mkdir(path.dirname(path.join(dir, file)), { recursive: true })
+      await fs.writeFile(path.join(dir, file), content)
+    },
+    remove: (file) => fs.rm(path.join(dir, file), { recursive: true, force: true }),
+    git,
+    capture: async (label, location) => {
+      const result = await use(location, (snapshot) => snapshot.capture())
+      const id = "ok" in result ? result.ok : undefined
+      trees.set(label, id)
+      log.push({ capture: label, tree: id ?? null, entries: id ? await listing(data, id) : null })
+    },
+    files: async (from, to) => {
+      if (!trees.get(from) || !trees.get(to)) return void log.push({ files: [from, to], skipped: true })
+      log.push({ files: [from, to], result: await use(undefined, (s) => s.files({ from: tree(from), to: tree(to) })) })
+    },
+    diff: async (from, to, paths) => {
+      if (!trees.get(from) || !trees.get(to)) return void log.push({ diff: [from, to], skipped: true })
+      const result = await use(undefined, (s) =>
+        s.diff({ from: tree(from), to: tree(to), paths: paths?.map((file) => RelativePath.make(file)) }),
+      )
+      log.push({
+        diff: [from, to, paths ?? null],
+        result:
+          "ok" in result && result.ok
+            ? result.ok.map((file) => ({
+                ...file,
+                patch: crypto.createHash("sha1").update(file.patch).digest("hex"),
+              }))
+            : result,
+      })
+    },
+    restore: async (label, files) => {
+      const plan = new Map(
+        Object.entries(files).flatMap(([file, from]) => {
+          const id = trees.get(from)
+          return id ? [[RelativePath.make(file), id] as const] : []
+        }),
+      )
+      const result = await use(undefined, (s) => s.restore({ files: plan }))
+      log.push({ restore: label, result: "ok" in result ? "ok" : result, worktree: await digest(dir) })
+    },
+    digest: async (label) => {
+      log.push({ digest: label, worktree: await digest(dir) })
+    },
+  }
+  const failure = await scenario(ctx).then(
+    () => undefined,
+    (error: unknown) => String(error),
+  )
+  if (failure) log.push({ scenarioError: failure })
+  await Promise.all([...runtimes.values()].map((item) => item.dispose()))
+  await $`chmod -R u+rwX ${base}`.quiet().nothrow()
+  if (process.env.PARITY_KEEP) console.error(`kept ${base}`)
+  if (!process.env.PARITY_KEEP) await fs.rm(base, { recursive: true, force: true })
+  return log
+}
+
+function snapshotLayer(data: string, directory: string) {
+  return AppNodeBuilder.build(Snapshot.node, [
+    Location.node.replace(Location.boundNode(Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(directory) }))),
+    Global.node.replace(Global.layerWith({ data, config: path.join(data, "config") })),
+  ])
+}
+
+/** The recursive listing of a captured tree, read from whichever snapshot store holds it. */
+async function listing(data: string, tree: string) {
+  const stores = (await $`find ${path.join(data, "snapshot")} -mindepth 2 -maxdepth 2 -type d`.quiet().text())
+    .split("\n")
+    .filter(Boolean)
+  for (const store of stores) {
+    const result = await $`git --git-dir ${store} ls-tree -r -z ${tree}`.quiet().nothrow()
+    if (result.exitCode === 0) return result.stdout.toString().split("\0").filter(Boolean)
+  }
+  return null
+}
+
+/** Paths, types, modes, and content hashes of the worktree, excluding `.git`. */
+async function digest(dir: string) {
+  const entries: string[] = []
+  const walk = async (current: string) => {
+    for (const entry of (await fs.readdir(current, { withFileTypes: true })).toSorted((a, b) =>
+      a.name < b.name ? -1 : 1,
+    )) {
+      const full = path.join(current, entry.name)
+      const relative = path.relative(dir, full)
+      if (relative === ".git" || relative.startsWith(".git/")) continue
+      const stat = await fs.lstat(full)
+      if (stat.isSymbolicLink()) entries.push(`L ${relative} -> ${await fs.readlink(full)}`)
+      else if (stat.isDirectory()) {
+        entries.push(`D ${relative}`)
+        await walk(full)
+      } else {
+        const content = await fs.readFile(full).catch(() => Buffer.from("<unreadable>"))
+        entries.push(
+          `F ${relative} ${stat.mode & 0o111 ? "x" : "-"} ${crypto.createHash("sha1").update(content).digest("hex")}`,
+        )
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  await walk(dir)
+  return entries
+}
+
+await fs.mkdir(root, { recursive: true })
+const [outputFile, ...selected] = process.argv.slice(2)
+const output: Record<string, unknown> = {}
+for (const [name, scenario] of Object.entries(scenarios)) {
+  if (selected.length && !selected.includes(name)) continue
+  output[name] = await run(name, scenario)
+}
+await Bun.write(outputFile!, JSON.stringify(output, null, 2))
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ const PACKAGES: Readonly<Record<string, string>> = {
  "@ai-sdk/xai": "@opencode/ai/providers/xai",
  "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider": "@opencode/ai/providers/openrouter",
  "ai-gateway-provider": "@opencode/ai/providers/cloudflare-ai-gateway",
+  "venice-ai-sdk-provider": "@opencode/ai/providers/venice",
 }

 const protocols = (name: string) => ({
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import { PoePlugin } from "./provider/poe.js"
 import { PromptCacheKeyPlugin } from "./provider/prompt-cache-key.js"
 import { SapAICorePlugin } from "./provider/sap-ai-core.js"
 import { VercelPlugin } from "./provider/vercel.js"
-import { VenicePlugin } from "./provider/venice.js"
 import { VLLMPlugin } from "./provider/vllm.js"
 import { XAIPlugin } from "./provider/xai.js"
 import { ZenmuxPlugin } from "./provider/zenmux.js"
@@ -60,7 +59,6 @@ export const ProviderPlugins: PluginInternal.InternalPlugin[] = [
  PromptCacheKeyPlugin,
  SapAICorePlugin,
  VercelPlugin,
-  VenicePlugin,
  VLLMPlugin,
  XAIPlugin,
  ZenmuxPlugin,
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-import { createProviderPlugin } from "./factory.js"
-
-export const VenicePlugin = createProviderPlugin({
-  id: "opencode.provider.venice",
-  package: "venice-ai-sdk-provider",
-  load: async (options) => {
-    const { createVenice } = await import("venice-ai-sdk-provider")
-    return createVenice(options)
-  },
-})
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ const builtins = new Map<string, () => Promise<unknown>>([
  ["@opencode/ai/providers/openai-compatible", () => import("@opencode/ai/providers/openai-compatible")],
  ["@opencode/ai/providers/openrouter", () => import("@opencode/ai/providers/openrouter")],
  ["@opencode/ai/providers/togetherai", () => import("@opencode/ai/providers/togetherai")],
+  ["@opencode/ai/providers/venice", () => import("@opencode/ai/providers/venice")],
  ["@opencode/ai/providers/xai", () => import("@opencode/ai/providers/xai")],
  ["@opencode/ai/providers/zai/chat", () => import("@opencode/ai/providers/zai/chat")],
  ["@opencode/ai/providers/zai-coding-plan/chat", () => import("@opencode/ai/providers/zai-coding-plan/chat")],
@@ -19,9 +19,11 @@ import type { SessionCompactionResult } from "@opencode/plugin/effect/session"
 import type { SessionError } from "@opencode/schema/session-error"
 import { makeLocationNode } from "@opencode/util/effect/app-node"
 import { Context, Effect, Layer, Result, Stream } from "effect"
+import { Agent } from "../agent.js"
 import { Bus } from "../bus.js"
 import { Database } from "../database/database.js"
 import { llmClient } from "../effect/app-node-platform.js"
+import { Model } from "../model.js"
 import { State } from "../state.js"
 import { Token } from "../util/token.js"
 import type { SessionContext } from "./context.js"
@@ -30,6 +32,7 @@ import { SessionHistory } from "./history.js"
 import type { SessionMessage } from "./message.js"
 import { SessionModelRequest } from "./model-request.js"
 import { SessionProviderContext } from "./provider-context.js"
+import { SessionRunnerModel } from "./runner/model.js"
 import { SessionRunnerRetry } from "./runner/retry.js"
 import { toLLMMessages } from "./runner/to-llm-message.js"
 import { contentFilterError, toSessionError } from "./to-session-error.js"
@@ -181,8 +184,11 @@ const LEGACY_HEADING = "## Additional Context"
 export const layer = Layer.effect(
  Service,
  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const agents = yield* Agent.Service
    const bus = yield* Bus.Service
    const llm = yield* LLMClient.Service
+    const catalog = yield* Model.Service
+    const models = yield* SessionRunnerModel.Service
    const db = (yield* Database.Service).db
    const requests = yield* SessionModelRequest.Service

@@ -202,24 +208,33 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(

      // Only the user compacts when automatic compaction is off, overflow included.
      if (trigger.reason !== "manual" && !settings.auto) return { status: "skipped" }
-      const ceiling = calculateCeiling(context.model.limit, settings.buffer)
-      if (trigger.reason === "auto" && !due(context, ceiling)) return { status: "skipped" }
+      if (trigger.reason === "auto" && !due(context, calculateCeiling(context.model.limit, settings.buffer)))
+        return { status: "skipped" }
+      const native = context.model.compaction?.type === "native"
+      const agent = native ? undefined : yield* agents.get(Agent.ID.make("compaction"))
+      const model =
+        (agent?.model &&
+          (yield* models
+            .resolve({ ...context.session, model: agent.model }, catalog.available)
+            .pipe(Effect.orElseSucceed(() => undefined)))) ??
+        context.model
+      const ceiling = calculateCeiling(model.limit, settings.buffer)
      // An unknown window never triggers auto compaction, but the compaction request still needs a size to aim for.
      const cap = Number.isFinite(ceiling)
        ? ceiling
-        : calculateCeiling({ ...context.model.limit, context: UNKNOWN_WINDOW }, settings.buffer)
+        : calculateCeiling({ ...model.limit, context: UNKNOWN_WINDOW }, settings.buffer)
      // The provider just rejected this context, so the estimate ran low; the first attempt already aims below it.
      const budget =
        trigger.reason === "overflow" ? Math.min(cap, Math.floor(estimateContext(context) * SHRINK_STEPS[0])) : cap

-      const compaction =
-        context.model.compaction?.type === "native"
-          ? compactNatively(trigger, budget, settings.keep)
-          : summarize(trigger, budget, settings.keep)
+      const selected = model === context.model ? trigger : { ...trigger, context: { ...context, model } }
+      const compaction = native
+        ? compactNatively(selected, budget, settings.keep)
+        : summarize(selected, budget, settings.keep)
      return yield* compaction.pipe(
        Effect.matchEffect({
-          onSuccess: (result) => publish(trigger, result),
-          onFailure: (failure) => publish(trigger, failure),
+          onSuccess: (result) => publish(selected, result),
+          onFailure: (failure) => publish(selected, failure),
        }),
      )
    })
@@ -662,7 +677,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
 export const node = makeLocationNode({
  service: Service,
  layer,
-  deps: [Bus.node, Database.node, llmClient, SessionModelRequest.node],
+  deps: [Agent.node, Bus.node, Database.node, llmClient, Model.node, SessionModelRequest.node, SessionRunnerModel.node],
 })

 /** History loads from the latest completed compaction, so a previous one is always the first message. */
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ type Input = {
  readonly agent: Agent.ID
  readonly model: Model.Ref
  readonly providerMetadataKey: string
-  readonly snapshot?: Snapshot.ID
+  /** The start snapshot, awaited before `Step.Started` so its capture can overlap the provider request. */
+  readonly pendingSnapshot?: Effect.Effect<Snapshot.ID | undefined>
  readonly started: number
  readonly assistantMessageID: SessionMessage.ID
 }
@@ -98,6 +99,9 @@ export const createLLMEventPublisher = (bus: Pick<Bus.Interface, "publish">, inp
  let stepSettlement: StepRecord["finish"]

  const startAssistant = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
+    if (stepStarted) return assistantMessageID
+    const snapshot = input.pendingSnapshot ? yield* input.pendingSnapshot : undefined
+    // Check again after the await, so the check and the mark below never straddle a yield.
    if (stepStarted) return assistantMessageID
    stepStarted = true
    yield* bus.publish(SessionEvent.Step.Started, {
@@ -105,7 +109,7 @@ export const createLLMEventPublisher = (bus: Pick<Bus.Interface, "publish">, inp
      agent: input.agent,
      model: input.model,
      assistantMessageID,
-      snapshot: input.snapshot,
+      snapshot,
      started: input.started,
    })
    return assistantMessageID
@@ -70,14 +70,16 @@ export const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
  const toolOutput = yield* ToolOutput.Service

  const attempt = Effect.fn("SessionStep.attempt")(function* (input: Input) {
-    const startSnapshot = yield* snapshots.capture()
+    // The start snapshot only has to exist before local tools run, which cannot happen before Step.Started,
+    // so it is captured while the provider request is in flight instead of delaying it.
+    const pendingStartSnapshot = yield* snapshots.capture().pipe(Effect.forkScoped)
    const publisher = createLLMEventPublisher(bus, {
      sessionID: input.sessionID,
      assistantMessageID: input.assistantMessageID,
      agent: input.agent,
      model: input.model.ref,
      providerMetadataKey: input.model.model.route.providerMetadataKey ?? input.model.model.provider,
-      snapshot: startSnapshot,
+      pendingSnapshot: Fiber.join(pendingStartSnapshot),
      started: yield* Clock.currentTimeMillis,
    })
    const toolRuns: Array<{
@@ -105,6 +107,8 @@ export const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
      Stream.runForEach((event) =>
        Effect.gen(function* () {
          if (overflowFailure || publisher.hasProviderError()) return
+          // Wait here, where cancellation still works, rather than inside the uninterruptible publish.
+          if (!publisher.hasStarted()) yield* Fiber.join(pendingStartSnapshot)
          if (
            LLMEvent.is.providerError(event) &&
            isContextOverflowFailure(event) &&
@@ -138,6 +142,9 @@ export const make = Effect.gen(function* () {
        const stream = yield* restore(providerStream).pipe(Effect.exit)
        const streamFailure = Option.getOrUndefined(Exit.findErrorOption(stream))
        const streamInterrupted = Exit.hasInterrupts(stream)
+        // Cancelled before the start snapshot existed: record nothing, as when the capture preceded the request.
+        if (streamInterrupted && !publisher.hasStarted() && !pendingStartSnapshot.pollUnsafe())
+          return yield* Effect.failCause(stream.cause)
        if (!overflowFailure && publisher.hasStarted()) yield* publisher.streamed()
        if (streamInterrupted) yield* interruptTools
        const joined = yield* restore(Fiber.awaitAll(toolRuns.map((run) => run.fiber))).pipe(Effect.exit)
@@ -224,6 +231,7 @@ export const make = Effect.gen(function* () {

        const record = publisher.record()
        if (record.finish || record.failure) {
+          const startSnapshot = yield* Fiber.join(pendingStartSnapshot)
          const snapshot = yield* snapshots.capture()
          const files =
            startSnapshot && snapshot
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ export * as Snapshot from "./snapshot.js"

 import { makeLocationNode } from "@opencode/util/effect/app-node"
 import path from "path"
-import { Context, Effect, Fiber, Layer, Schema, Scope } from "effect"
+import { Clock, Context, Effect, Fiber, Layer, Schema, Scope } from "effect"
 import { FileDiff } from "@opencode/schema/file-diff"
 import { FSUtil } from "@opencode/util/fs-util"
 import { Git } from "./git.js"
@@ -106,26 +106,37 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
    const repository = repositoryFiber.pipe(Effect.uninterruptible, Effect.flatMap(Fiber.join))

    const scope = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (worktree: AbsolutePath) {
-      const relative = path.relative(worktree, location.directory)
-      if (relative.startsWith("..") || path.isAbsolute(relative))
+      if (!FSUtil.contains(worktree, location.directory))
        return yield* new Error({ operation: "capture", message: "Location is outside the project" })
-      return RelativePath.make(relative.replaceAll("\\", "/") || ".")
+      return RelativePath.make(path.relative(worktree, location.directory).replaceAll("\\", "/") || ".")
    })

    const enabled = () => location.vcs?.type === "git" && state.get().enabled

+    // `objects.pack` takes a cross-process lock, so a run that outlasts the interval never overlaps the next.
+    let lastPackCheck = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY
+    const packWhenDue = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (repository: Git.Repository) {
+      const now = yield* Clock.currentTimeMillis
+      if (now - lastPackCheck < 10 * 60 * 1000) return
+      lastPackCheck = now
+      yield* git.objects.pack(repository).pipe(
+        Effect.catch((cause) => Effect.logWarning("failed to pack snapshot objects", { cause })),
+        Effect.forkIn(lifetime),
+      )
+    })
+
    const capture = Effect.fn("Snapshot.capture")(function* () {
      if (!enabled()) return undefined
      return yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
        const repo = yield* repository
-        return ID.make(
-          yield* git.tree.capture({
-            repository: repo.snapshotRepository,
-            scopes: [yield* scope(repo.worktree)],
-            ignores: repo.source,
-            maximumUntrackedFileBytes: 2 * 1024 * 1024,
-          }),
-        )
+        const tree = yield* git.tree.capture({
+          repository: repo.snapshotRepository,
+          scopes: [yield* scope(repo.worktree)],
+          ignores: repo.source,
+          maximumUntrackedFileBytes: 2 * 1024 * 1024,
+        })
+        yield* packWhenDue(repo.snapshotRepository)
+        return ID.make(tree)
      }).pipe(
        Effect.catch((cause) => Effect.logWarning("failed to capture snapshot", { cause }).pipe(Effect.as(undefined))),
      )
@@ -220,6 +220,14 @@ const openaiCompatible: Protocol = (model, support) => {
  return openaiChat(model, support)
 }

+const veniceChat: Protocol = (_, support) => {
+  if (support.type === "effort")
+    return efforts(support.values ?? EFFORTS, (effort) => ({ settings: { reasoningEffort: effort } }))
+  if (support.type === "toggle")
+    return toggle({ settings: { reasoning: { enabled: false } } }, { settings: { reasoning: { enabled: true } } })
+  return []
+}
+
 const moonshotChat: Protocol = (model, support) => {
  const id = modelID(model).toLowerCase()
  const toggleable = id.includes("k2.5") || id.includes("k2-5") || id.includes("k2.6") || id.includes("k2-6")
@@ -583,6 +591,7 @@ const PROTOCOLS: Readonly<Record<string, Protocol>> = {
  "@opencode/ai/providers/mistral": openaiChat,
  "@opencode/ai/providers/moonshot/chat": moonshotChat,
  "@opencode/ai/providers/togetherai": openaiChat,
+  "@opencode/ai/providers/venice": veniceChat,
  "@opencode/ai/providers/xai": xaiResponses,
  "@opencode/ai/providers/zai/chat": zaiChat,
  "@opencode/ai/providers/zai-coding-plan/chat": zaiChat,
@@ -602,7 +611,7 @@ const PROTOCOLS: Readonly<Record<string, Protocol>> = {
  "@opencode/ai/providers/cohere": cohere,
  "@opencode/ai/providers/openrouter": openrouter,

-  [Provider.aisdk("venice-ai-sdk-provider")]: openaiChat,
+  [Provider.aisdk("venice-ai-sdk-provider")]: veniceChat,
  "@opencode/ai/providers/cloudflare-ai-gateway": cloudflareAIGateway,
  [Provider.aisdk("@ai-sdk/gateway")]: vercelGateway,
  [Provider.aisdk("@jerome-benoit/sap-ai-provider-v2")]: sapAICore,
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ const it = testEffect(
        }),
      ),
      Config.node.replace(config),
+      Location.node.replace(Location.boundNode({ directory: AbsolutePath.make("/tmp") })),
    ]),
  ),
 )
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { $ } from "bun"
 import fs from "fs/promises"
 import path from "path"
-import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { Effect, Exit } from "effect"
 import { LayerNode } from "@opencode/util/effect/layer-node"
 import { Git } from "@opencode/core/git"
 import { AbsolutePath, RelativePath } from "@opencode/core/schema"
@@ -296,3 +296,214 @@ describe("Git trees", () => {
    }),
  )
 })
+
+describe("Git objects", () => {
+  it.live(
+    "packs loose objects and combines packs without losing or delegating any object",
+    () =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const root = yield* Effect.acquireRelease(
+          Effect.promise(() => tmpdir()),
+          (dir) => Effect.promise(() => dir[Symbol.asyncDispose]()),
+        )
+        const project = path.join(root.path, "project")
+        yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+          await fs.mkdir(project)
+          await initRepo(project)
+          await Bun.write(path.join(project, "seed.txt"), "seed\n")
+          await $`git add . && git commit -q -m initial`.cwd(project).quiet()
+        })
+        const git = yield* Git.Service
+        const source = yield* git.repo.discover(AbsolutePath.make(project))
+        if (!source) throw new Error("Repository not found")
+        const repository = yield* git.repo.create({
+          worktree: source.worktree,
+          gitDirectory: AbsolutePath.make(path.join(root.path, "storage")),
+          seed: source,
+        })
+        const capture = () => git.tree.capture({ repository, scopes: [RelativePath.make(".")], ignores: source })
+        const trees = [yield* capture()]
+        // Enough distinct content to cross the loose-object threshold.
+        yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+          Promise.all(
+            Array.from({ length: 2100 }, (_, index) =>
+              Bun.write(path.join(project, `gen/d${index % 20}/f${index}.txt`), `${index}\n`),
+            ),
+          ),
+        )
+        trees.push(yield* capture())
+        const objects = path.join(repository.gitDirectory, "objects")
+        const alternates = path.join(objects, "info", "alternates")
+        // Objects stored in the snapshot repository itself, excluding anything borrowed through alternates.
+        const everything = () =>
+          Effect.promise(async () => {
+            const borrowed = await fs.readFile(alternates, "utf8")
+            await fs.rm(alternates)
+            const listed =
+              await $`git --git-dir ${repository.gitDirectory} cat-file --batch-all-objects ${"--batch-check=%(objectname)"}`.text()
+            await fs.writeFile(alternates, borrowed)
+            return listed.split("\n").filter(Boolean).toSorted()
+          })
+        const loose = () => Effect.promise(() => looseObjectIDs(objects))
+        const before = yield* everything()
+        expect((yield* loose()).length).toBeGreaterThan(2048)
+
+        yield* git.objects.pack(repository)
+        expect(yield* loose()).toEqual([])
+        expect(yield* everything()).toEqual(before)
+
+        for (let batch = 0; batch < 16; batch++) {
+          yield* Effect.promise(() => Bun.write(path.join(project, `batch-${batch}.txt`), `${batch}\n`))
+          trees.push(yield* capture())
+          yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+            const list = await looseObjectIDs(objects)
+            await $`git --git-dir ${repository.gitDirectory} pack-objects -q ${path.join(objects, "pack", "pack")} < ${Buffer.from(list.join("\n") + "\n")}`.quiet()
+            await $`git --git-dir ${repository.gitDirectory} prune-packed`.quiet()
+          })
+        }
+        const packs = () =>
+          Effect.promise(async () =>
+            (await fs.readdir(path.join(objects, "pack"))).filter((file) => file.endsWith(".pack")),
+          )
+        expect((yield* packs()).length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(16)
+        const merged = yield* everything()
+
+        yield* git.objects.pack(repository)
+        expect((yield* packs()).length).toBe(1)
+        expect(yield* everything()).toEqual(merged)
+
+        expect((yield* git.tree.files({ repository, from: trees[0]!, to: trees.at(-1)! })).length).toBe(2100 + 16)
+      }),
+    { timeout: 60_000 },
+  )
+})
+
+describe("Git capture", () => {
+  it.live("applies both the store's own and the source's ignore rules and never splits the index", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const root = yield* Effect.acquireRelease(
+        Effect.promise(() => tmpdir()),
+        (dir) => Effect.promise(() => dir[Symbol.asyncDispose]()),
+      )
+      const project = path.join(root.path, "project")
+      yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+        await fs.mkdir(project)
+        await initRepo(project)
+        await Bun.write(path.join(project, "tracked.bin"), "small\n")
+        await $`git add . && git commit -q -m initial`.cwd(project).quiet()
+        await Bun.write(path.join(project, ".git", "info", "exclude"), "source-ignored/\n")
+      })
+      const git = yield* Git.Service
+      const source = yield* git.repo.discover(AbsolutePath.make(project))
+      if (!source) throw new Error("Repository not found")
+      const storage = AbsolutePath.make(path.join(root.path, "storage"))
+      const repository = yield* git.repo.create({ worktree: source.worktree, gitDirectory: storage, seed: source })
+      yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+        // Rules an init template left in the store keep applying, and a split index would lose entries.
+        await Bun.write(path.join(storage, "info", "exclude"), "store-ignored/\n")
+        await $`git --git-dir ${storage} config core.splitIndex true`.quiet()
+      })
+      const capture = () => git.tree.capture({ repository, scopes: [RelativePath.make(".")], ignores: source })
+      const before = yield* capture()
+      yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+        await Bun.write(path.join(project, "tracked.bin"), "changed\n")
+        await Bun.write(path.join(project, "store-ignored", "a.txt"), "a\n")
+        await Bun.write(path.join(project, "source-ignored", "b.txt"), "b\n")
+        await Bun.write(path.join(project, "kept.txt"), "kept\n")
+      })
+      const after = yield* capture()
+      expect(yield* git.tree.files({ repository, from: before, to: after })).toEqual([
+        RelativePath.make("kept.txt"),
+        RelativePath.make("tracked.bin"),
+      ])
+      expect(yield* capture()).toBe(after)
+      expect(yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.readFile(path.join(storage, "info", "exclude"), "utf8"))).toStartWith(
+        "store-ignored/\n",
+      )
+    }),
+  )
+})
+
+describe("Git capture recovery", () => {
+  const setup = Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const root = yield* Effect.acquireRelease(
+      Effect.promise(() => tmpdir()),
+      (dir) => Effect.promise(() => dir[Symbol.asyncDispose]()),
+    )
+    const project = path.join(root.path, "project")
+    yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+      await fs.mkdir(project)
+      await initRepo(project)
+      await Bun.write(path.join(project, "a.txt"), "a\n")
+      await Bun.write(path.join(project, "b.txt"), "b\n")
+      await $`git add . && git commit -q -m initial`.cwd(project).quiet()
+    })
+    const git = yield* Git.Service
+    const source = yield* git.repo.discover(AbsolutePath.make(project))
+    if (!source) throw new Error("Repository not found")
+    const repository = yield* git.repo.create({
+      worktree: source.worktree,
+      gitDirectory: AbsolutePath.make(path.join(root.path, "storage")),
+      seed: source,
+    })
+    const capture = () => git.tree.capture({ repository, scopes: [RelativePath.make(".")], ignores: source })
+    return { root, project, repository, capture }
+  })
+
+  it.live("sweeps abandoned temporary indexes by their creation time, not their mtime", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { repository, capture } = yield* setup
+      const twoHoursAgo = Date.now() - 2 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+      const live = path.join(repository.gitDirectory, `index.opencode-${Date.now()}-1-live`)
+      const abandoned = path.join(repository.gitDirectory, `index.opencode-${twoHoursAgo}-1-abandoned`)
+      yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+        await Bun.write(live, "")
+        await Bun.write(abandoned, "")
+        // A hard link to an index nobody wrote for hours carries that old mtime while in use.
+        await fs.utimes(live, new Date(twoHoursAgo), new Date(twoHoursAgo))
+      })
+      yield* capture()
+      expect(yield* Effect.promise(() => Bun.file(live).exists())).toBe(true)
+      expect(yield* Effect.promise(() => Bun.file(abandoned).exists())).toBe(false)
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.live("records a tracked file replaced by an embedded repository as a gitlink", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { project, repository, capture } = yield* setup
+      yield* capture()
+      yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+        await fs.rm(path.join(project, "a.txt"))
+        await Bun.write(path.join(project, "a.txt", "inner.txt"), "inner\n")
+        await initRepo(path.join(project, "a.txt"))
+        await $`git add . && git commit -q -m inner`.cwd(path.join(project, "a.txt")).quiet()
+      })
+      const tree = yield* capture()
+      const entry = yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+        $`git --git-dir ${repository.gitDirectory} ls-tree ${tree} a.txt`.text(),
+      )
+      expect(entry).toStartWith("160000 commit ")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.live("keeps the index when Git cannot even start", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { root, project, repository, capture } = yield* setup
+      const before = yield* capture()
+      const moved = path.join(root.path, "moved")
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.rename(project, moved))
+      expect(Exit.isFailure(yield* capture().pipe(Effect.exit))).toBe(true)
+      yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.rename(moved, project))
+      expect(yield* Effect.promise(() => Bun.file(path.join(repository.gitDirectory, "index")).exists())).toBe(true)
+      expect(yield* capture()).toBe(before)
+    }),
+  )
+})
+
+async function looseObjectIDs(objects: string) {
+  const prefixes = (await fs.readdir(objects)).filter((entry) => /^[0-9a-f]{2}$/.test(entry))
+  const listed = await Promise.all(
+    prefixes.map(async (prefix) => (await fs.readdir(path.join(objects, prefix))).map((entry) => prefix + entry)),
+  )
+  return listed.flat()
+}
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import { PluginHost } from "@opencode/core/plugin/host"
 import { CoherePlugin } from "@opencode/core/plugin/provider/cohere"
 import { GatewayPlugin } from "@opencode/core/plugin/provider/gateway"
 import { PerplexityPlugin } from "@opencode/core/plugin/provider/perplexity"
-import { VenicePlugin } from "@opencode/core/plugin/provider/venice"
 import { Provider } from "@opencode/core/provider"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
@@ -18,7 +17,6 @@ const providers = [
  { id: "cohere", plugin: CoherePlugin, package: "@ai-sdk/cohere", provider: "cohere.chat" },
  { id: "gateway", plugin: GatewayPlugin, package: "@ai-sdk/gateway", provider: "gateway" },
  { id: "perplexity", plugin: PerplexityPlugin, package: "@ai-sdk/perplexity", provider: "perplexity" },
-  { id: "venice", plugin: VenicePlugin, package: "venice-ai-sdk-provider", provider: "custom-provider.chat" },
 ] as const

 const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import { SessionRunnerModel } from "@opencode/core/session/runner/model"
 import { SessionTable } from "@opencode/core/session/sql"
 import { SessionStore } from "@opencode/core/session/store"
 import { Session } from "@opencode/core/session"
+import { Location } from "@opencode/core/location"
 import { Project } from "@opencode/core/project"
 import { ProjectTable } from "@opencode/core/project/sql"
 import { App } from "@opencode/core/app"
@@ -87,7 +88,11 @@ const it = testEffect(
      SessionModelRequest.node,
      PluginHooks.node,
    ]),
-    [Bus.node.replace(Bus.configured({ persist: true })), llmClient.replace(client)],
+    [
+      Bus.node.replace(Bus.configured({ persist: true })),
+      llmClient.replace(client),
+      Location.node.replace(Location.boundNode({ directory: AbsolutePath.make("/project") })),
+    ],
  ),
 )

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { AppNodeBuilder } from "@opencode/core/effect/app-node-builder"
 import { llmClient } from "@opencode/core/effect/app-node-platform"
 import { Instructions } from "@opencode/core/instructions/index"
 import { PluginHooks } from "@opencode/core/plugin/hooks"
+import { Location } from "@opencode/core/location"
 import { Project } from "@opencode/core/project"
 import { ProjectTable } from "@opencode/core/project/sql"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode/core/schema"
@@ -40,7 +41,10 @@ const it = testEffect(
      PluginHooks.node,
      llmClient,
    ]),
-    [Bus.node.replace(Bus.configured({ persist: true }))],
+    [
+      Bus.node.replace(Bus.configured({ persist: true })),
+      Location.node.replace(Location.boundNode({ directory: AbsolutePath.make("/project") })),
+    ],
  ),
 )

@@ -30,7 +30,11 @@ const base64 = "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAB"

 const capture = (
  providerMetadataKey = "anthropic",
-  options?: { readonly interruptProgress?: boolean; readonly beforeTextDelta?: Effect.Effect<void> },
+  options?: {
+    readonly interruptProgress?: boolean
+    readonly beforeTextDelta?: Effect.Effect<void>
+    readonly pendingSnapshot?: Effect.Effect<Snapshot.ID | undefined>
+  },
 ) => {
  const published: Array<{ readonly type: string; readonly data: unknown }> = []
  const bus: Pick<Bus.Interface, "publish"> = {
@@ -60,6 +64,7 @@ const capture = (
        providerID: Provider.ID.opencode,
      },
      providerMetadataKey,
+      pendingSnapshot: options?.pendingSnapshot,
      started: 0,
      assistantMessageID: SessionMessage.ID.create(),
    }),
@@ -580,6 +585,20 @@ test("success event data can carry provider-executed result state", () => {
  expect(decoded.resultState).toMatchObject({ result: { type: "content" } })
 })

+test("step start waits for the pending start snapshot", async () => {
+  const snapshot = Effect.runSync(Deferred.make<Snapshot.ID | undefined>())
+  const { published, publisher } = capture("anthropic", { pendingSnapshot: Deferred.await(snapshot) })
+  const started = Effect.runFork(publisher.publish(LLMEvent.stepStart({ index: 0 })))
+  await Effect.runPromise(Effect.yieldNow)
+  expect(published).toEqual([])
+
+  Effect.runSync(Deferred.succeed(snapshot, Snapshot.ID.make("tree-start")))
+  await Effect.runPromise(Fiber.join(started))
+  expect(published.map((event) => [event.type, (event.data as { snapshot?: string }).snapshot])).toEqual([
+    ["session.step.started.1", "tree-start"],
+  ])
+})
+
 test("step finish records settlement without publishing step ended", async () => {
  const { published, publisher } = capture()
  await Effect.runPromise(publisher.publish(LLMEvent.stepStart({ index: 0 })))
@@ -127,6 +127,219 @@ describe("Snapshot", () => {
    ),
  )

+  testEffect(Layer.empty).live("recovers from a corrupt index and ignores a stale index lock", () =>
+    Effect.acquireUseRelease(
+      Effect.promise(() => tmpdir()),
+      (tmp) =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const project = path.join(tmp.path, "project")
+          yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+            await fs.mkdir(project)
+            await fs.writeFile(path.join(project, "tracked.txt"), "one\n")
+            await initGit(project, true)
+          })
+          yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const snapshot = yield* Snapshot.Service
+            const before = yield* snapshot.capture()
+            const storage = yield* snapshotDirectory(tmp.path)
+            yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+              // A process killed mid-write in older releases left a zeroed index and a lock behind.
+              await fs.writeFile(path.join(storage, "index"), new Uint8Array(512))
+              await fs.writeFile(path.join(storage, "index.lock"), "")
+              await fs.writeFile(path.join(project, "tracked.txt"), "two\n")
+            })
+            const after = yield* snapshot.capture()
+            expect(after).toBeDefined()
+            if (!before || !after) return
+            expect(yield* snapshot.files({ from: before, to: after })).toEqual([RelativePath.make("tracked.txt")])
+          }).pipe(Effect.provide(snapshotLayer(tmp.path, project)))
+        }),
+      (tmp) => Effect.promise(() => tmp[Symbol.asyncDispose]()),
+    ),
+  )
+
+  testEffect(Layer.empty).live("captures concurrently from independent processes", () =>
+    Effect.acquireUseRelease(
+      Effect.promise(() => tmpdir()),
+      (tmp) =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const project = path.join(tmp.path, "project")
+          yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+            await fs.mkdir(project)
+            await Promise.all(
+              Array.from({ length: 200 }, (_, index) =>
+                fs.writeFile(path.join(project, `f${index}.txt`), `${index}\n`),
+              ),
+            )
+            await initGit(project, true)
+          })
+          // Each layer owns its own Git service, so their in-process locks do not coordinate.
+          const writer = (id: number) =>
+            Effect.gen(function* () {
+              const snapshot = yield* Snapshot.Service
+              return yield* Effect.forEach(
+                Array.from({ length: 8 }, (_, index) => index),
+                (index) =>
+                  Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(path.join(project, `writer-${id}.txt`), `${index}\n`)).pipe(
+                    Effect.andThen(snapshot.capture()),
+                  ),
+              )
+            }).pipe(Effect.provide(snapshotLayer(tmp.path, project)))
+          const results = yield* Effect.all([writer(0), writer(1), writer(2)], { concurrency: "unbounded" })
+          expect(results.flat().every((tree) => tree !== undefined)).toBe(true)
+        }),
+      (tmp) => Effect.promise(() => tmp[Symbol.asyncDispose]()),
+    ),
+  )
+
+  testEffect(Layer.empty).live("captures a Location in a directory whose name starts with two dots", () =>
+    Effect.acquireUseRelease(
+      Effect.promise(() => tmpdir()),
+      (tmp) =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const project = path.join(tmp.path, "project")
+          const location = path.join(project, "..scope")
+          yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+            await fs.mkdir(location, { recursive: true })
+            await fs.writeFile(path.join(location, "tracked.txt"), "one\n")
+            await initGit(project)
+          })
+          yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const snapshot = yield* Snapshot.Service
+            const before = yield* snapshot.capture()
+            yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(path.join(location, "tracked.txt"), "two\n"))
+            const after = yield* snapshot.capture()
+            expect(before).toBeDefined()
+            expect(after).toBeDefined()
+            if (!before || !after) return
+            expect(yield* snapshot.files({ from: before, to: after })).toEqual([
+              RelativePath.make("..scope/tracked.txt"),
+            ])
+          }).pipe(Effect.provide(snapshotLayer(tmp.path, location)))
+        }),
+      (tmp) => Effect.promise(() => tmp[Symbol.asyncDispose]()),
+    ),
+  )
+
+  testEffect(Layer.empty).live("restores many files from several trees and removes paths absent from them", () =>
+    Effect.acquireUseRelease(
+      Effect.promise(() => tmpdir()),
+      (tmp) =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const project = path.join(tmp.path, "project")
+          yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+            await fs.mkdir(project)
+            await fs.writeFile(path.join(project, "a.txt"), "a1\n")
+            await fs.writeFile(path.join(project, "b[1].txt"), "b1\n")
+            await initGit(project, true)
+          })
+          yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const snapshot = yield* Snapshot.Service
+            const first = yield* snapshot.capture()
+            yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+              await fs.writeFile(path.join(project, "a.txt"), "a2\n")
+              await fs.writeFile(path.join(project, "c.txt"), "c2\n")
+            })
+            const second = yield* snapshot.capture()
+            yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+              await fs.writeFile(path.join(project, "a.txt"), "a3\n")
+              await fs.writeFile(path.join(project, "b[1].txt"), "b3\n")
+              await fs.writeFile(path.join(project, "c.txt"), "c3\n")
+              await fs.writeFile(path.join(project, "d.txt"), "d3\n")
+            })
+            if (!first || !second) throw new globalThis.Error("capture failed")
+            yield* snapshot.restore({
+              files: new Map([
+                [RelativePath.make("a.txt"), second],
+                [RelativePath.make("b[1].txt"), first],
+                [RelativePath.make("c.txt"), first],
+                [RelativePath.make("d.txt"), second],
+              ]),
+            })
+            expect(yield* read(path.join(project, "a.txt"))).toBe("a2\n")
+            expect(yield* read(path.join(project, "b[1].txt"))).toBe("b1\n")
+            expect(yield* exists(path.join(project, "c.txt"))).toBe(false)
+            expect(yield* exists(path.join(project, "d.txt"))).toBe(false)
+          }).pipe(Effect.provide(snapshotLayer(tmp.path, project)))
+        }),
+      (tmp) => Effect.promise(() => tmp[Symbol.asyncDispose]()),
+    ),
+  )
+
+  testEffect(Layer.empty).live("restores and diffs a selection too long for one command line", () =>
+    Effect.acquireUseRelease(
+      Effect.promise(() => tmpdir()),
+      (tmp) =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const project = path.join(tmp.path, "project")
+          const names = Array.from({ length: 300 }, (_, index) => `deep/${"n".repeat(90)}-${index}.txt`)
+          yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+            await fs.mkdir(path.join(project, "deep"), { recursive: true })
+            await Promise.all(names.map((name) => fs.writeFile(path.join(project, name), "one\n")))
+            await initGit(project, true)
+          })
+          yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const snapshot = yield* Snapshot.Service
+            const first = yield* snapshot.capture()
+            if (!first) throw new globalThis.Error("capture failed")
+            yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+              Promise.all(names.map((name) => fs.writeFile(path.join(project, name), "two\n"))),
+            )
+            const second = yield* snapshot.capture()
+            if (!second) throw new globalThis.Error("capture failed")
+            const diffs = yield* snapshot.diff({
+              from: first,
+              to: second,
+              paths: names.map((name) => RelativePath.make(name)),
+            })
+            expect(diffs.map((diff) => diff.file).toSorted()).toEqual(names.toSorted())
+            expect(
+              diffs.every((diff) => diff.additions === 1 && diff.deletions === 1 && diff.patch.includes("+two")),
+            ).toBe(true)
+            yield* snapshot.restore({ files: new Map(names.map((name) => [RelativePath.make(name), first])) })
+            const contents = yield* Effect.forEach(names, (name) => read(path.join(project, name)))
+            expect(new Set(contents)).toEqual(new Set(["one\n"]))
+          }).pipe(Effect.provide(snapshotLayer(tmp.path, project)))
+        }),
+      (tmp) => Effect.promise(() => tmp[Symbol.asyncDispose]()),
+    ),
+  )
+
+  testEffect(Layer.empty).live("restores the other files when removing one path fails", () =>
+    Effect.acquireUseRelease(
+      Effect.promise(() => tmpdir()),
+      (tmp) =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const project = path.join(tmp.path, "project")
+          yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+            await fs.mkdir(project)
+            await fs.writeFile(path.join(project, "c.txt"), "old\n")
+            await initGit(project, true)
+          })
+          yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const snapshot = yield* Snapshot.Service
+            const first = yield* snapshot.capture()
+            if (!first) throw new globalThis.Error("capture failed")
+            // Removing `a/b` fails on POSIX because `a` is now a file.
+            yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+              await fs.writeFile(path.join(project, "c.txt"), "changed\n")
+              await fs.writeFile(path.join(project, "a"), "file\n")
+            })
+            yield* snapshot
+              .restore({
+                files: new Map([
+                  [RelativePath.make("a/b"), first],
+                  [RelativePath.make("c.txt"), first],
+                ]),
+              })
+              .pipe(Effect.exit)
+            expect(yield* read(path.join(project, "c.txt"))).toBe("old\n")
+          }).pipe(Effect.provide(snapshotLayer(tmp.path, project)))
+        }),
+      (tmp) => Effect.promise(() => tmp[Symbol.asyncDispose]()),
+    ),
+  )
+
  testEffect(Layer.empty).live("applies availability transforms", () =>
    Effect.acquireUseRelease(
      Effect.promise(() => tmpdir()),
@@ -219,6 +432,23 @@ function snapshotLayer(data: string, directory: string) {
  ])
 }

+function snapshotDirectory(data: string) {
+  return Effect.promise(async () => {
+    const projects = await fs.readdir(path.join(data, "snapshot"))
+    const project = path.join(data, "snapshot", projects[0]!)
+    return path.join(project, (await fs.readdir(project))[0]!)
+  })
+}
+
+function exists(file: string) {
+  return Effect.promise(() =>
+    fs.stat(file).then(
+      () => true,
+      () => false,
+    ),
+  )
+}
+
 function read(file: string) {
  return Effect.promise(() => fs.readFile(file, "utf8")).pipe(Effect.map((content) => content.replaceAll("\r\n", "\n")))
 }
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "name": "@opencode/desktop",
  "private": true,
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
  "homepage": "https://opencode.ai",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@opencode/enterprise",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "private": true,
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@opencode/function",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "private": true,
  "type": "module",
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/gui-extensions",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "private": true,
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "name": "@opencode/http-recorder",
  "description": "Record and replay Effect HTTP and WebSocket traffic with deterministic cassettes",
  "type": "module",
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/httpapi-codegen",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "private": true,
  "type": "module",
  "exports": {
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/latex",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "private": true,
  "type": "module",
  "exports": {
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/merman",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "private": true,
  "type": "module",
  "exports": {
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/plugin-browser",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "description": "OpenCode's desktop browser plugin",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/plugin",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
  "scripts": {
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/protocol",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
  "repository": {
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/schema",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
  "repository": {
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "name": "@opencode/sdk",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/server",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
  "repository": {
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@opencode/session-ui",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "private": true,
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/simulation",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
  "repository": {
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/stats-app",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "private": true,
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/stats-core",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "private": true,
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/stats-server",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "private": true,
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/theme",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
  "repository": {
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/tui",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "private": true,
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@opencode/ui",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
  "repository": {
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/util",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
  "repository": {
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  "name": "@opencode/web",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "astro dev",
    "dev:remote": "VITE_API_URL=https://api.opencode.ai astro dev",
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  "name": "opencode",
  "displayName": "opencode",
  "description": "opencode for VS Code",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "publisher": "sst-dev",
  "repository": {
    "type": "git",
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
  "name": "@opencode/update",
-  "version": "2.0.22",
+  "version": "2.0.23",
  "private": true,
  "type": "module",
  "scripts": {
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Shoubhit Dash	3260f19fb6	fix(core): diff long path selections in groups on Windows Revert diffs every restored path, passing them as git diff arguments. Past Windows' 32,767-character command line the spawn failed, after the files were already restored. On Windows, a selection over 24,000 characters is now diffed in byte-sorted groups that share the patch cap, so output matches a single call. Other platforms keep a single call.	2026-10-06 17:01:49 +05:30
Shoubhit Dash	20a0f4a93c	perf(core): never spawn more git processes than before, and respect the Windows command-line limit - Record an embedded repository's gitlink by repeating its path in the same update-index call instead of a second pass. - Read pack index object IDs in-process; packing runs a single pack-objects (show-index only for v1 or >2 GiB packs). - Restore runs one ls-tree per source tree: paths as arguments while they fit in 24,000 characters, otherwise the whole tree, so Windows' 32,767-character limit is never hit. - Diff passes --literal-pathspecs once instead of prefixing every path, keeping the command line as long as before.	2026-10-06 16:31:26 +05:30
Shoubhit Dash	cb039c3895	perf(core): keep the clean-capture shortcut when the source ignores untracked paths - Without exclude mirroring, a path ignored only by the source's info/exclude is listed as untracked on every scan, which defeated the clean-capture memo and cost check-ignore, update-index, and write-tree on every step. When the index is unchanged and nothing tracked changed, one check-ignore confirms every untracked path is ignored and returns the remembered tree; the result is reused on a miss. - Only tracked paths that became ignored need --force-remove; untracked paths are never in the index.	2026-10-06 03:59:57 +05:30
Shoubhit Dash	e293f57547	fix(core): close snapshot races found in review - Scan the temporary index that the capture writes, never the shared one, so a concurrent process cannot roll entries back into a snapshot. - Sweep abandoned temporary indexes by the creation time in their name; a hard link keeps the store index's old mtime while in use. - Rebuild the index only when Git itself reports it unreadable, and install the source index atomically instead of deleting first. - Record a tracked file replaced by an embedded repository as a gitlink. - Drop exclude mirroring, which changed how source negations apply. - Keep step cancellation responsive while the start snapshot is captured. - Restore checkouts before removals so one failed removal cannot block the rest. - Rename internals: objects.pack (not compact), withTemporaryIndex, lastCaptures, attemptCapture, canBatchRestore, pendingSnapshot; fold the capture's seed into ignores.	2026-10-05 14:26:49 +05:30
Shoubhit Dash	f5c246c11d	test(core): add snapshot parity and benchmark scripts	2026-10-05 11:46:42 +05:30
Shoubhit Dash	673360d6b9	perf(core): speed up and harden snapshot capture	2026-10-05 11:46:42 +05:30
Kit Langton	fad352c5d0	refactor(client): share the service health probe between clients (#53237 )	2026-10-04 22:58:58 -07:00
Luke Parker	e1b94a138e	fix(app): keep Working while reads join a read group (#53292 )	2026-10-05 05:39:32 +00:00
opencode	9e96aacd64	sync release versions for v2.0.23	2026-10-05 05:24:44 +00:00
Aiden Cline	e19263ca87	fix(ai): send effort updates on the Vertex Claude route (#53289 )	2026-10-05 00:11:18 -05:00
Luke Parker	63e33bc4dc	fix(cli): let the web app start the QR scanner worker (#53278 )	2026-10-05 14:53:49 +10:00
Kit Langton	999097bdac	fix(client): preserve background service startup failures (#50784 )	2026-10-04 21:53:34 -07:00
Kit Langton	515b3022ac	fix(cli): retry managed service binds after temporary conflicts (#50782 )	2026-10-04 21:33:43 -07:00
Aiden ClineandPadure Sergio	cb389aa679	fix(core): honor compaction agent model for summaries (#53276 ) Co-authored-by: Padure Sergio <70955746+sergiopadure@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-10-04 23:20:24 -05:00
Aiden Cline	30f4119459	fix(ai): place Anthropic system updates before the next assistant turn (#52568 )	2026-10-04 23:17:15 -05:00
opencode-agent[bot]	4d17cf719f	chore: update nix node_modules hashes	2026-10-05 04:15:19 +00:00
Aiden Cline	498b1deda3	feat(ai): add native Venice provider (#53271 )	2026-10-04 23:06:43 -05:00
Kit Langton	25c54cbdf7	fix(client): wait for service shutdown before restart (#50042 )	2026-10-04 20:59:19 -07:00
Luke Parker	ae57dd0cf5	fix(app): close the running menu before opening a subagent (#53273 )	2026-10-05 13:58:19 +10:00