refactor(app): port the settings store to plain codecs

Migration shapes use preserving structs so undeclared stored fields survive, as Effect's onExcessProperty preserve did at every level; explicit-but-invalid legacy values still decode to null rather than absent; persisted() encodes through encodeOrThrow so an invalid in-memory value fails instead of being written.

packages/ai/src/protocols/open-responses-channel.ts

@@ -73,11 +73,6 @@ const driver = (options: Options, body: string): WebSocketChannelDriver => {
           )
         if (event.type === "error") {
           terminal = true
-          yield* OpenResponses.decodeKnownErrorEvent(event).pipe(
-            Effect.mapError((cause) =>
-              ProviderShared.eventError(options.id, `${options.name} returned a malformed error event`, frame, cause),
-            ),
-          )
           return {
             type: "provider-failure",
             error: OpenResponses.providerFailure(event, `${options.name} stream error`, frame),

packages/ai/src/protocols/open-responses-continuation.ts

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ const incremental = (
   return input.slice(baseline.length)
 }
 
-const code = (event: OpenResponses.Event) => event.code || event.error?.code || event.response?.error?.code || undefined
+const code = (event: OpenResponses.Event) => OpenResponses.errorDetail(event).code
 
 const rejected = (
   observation: Extract<ChannelObservation, { readonly type: "provider-failure" }>,

packages/ai/src/protocols/open-responses.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Effect, Option, Schema, SchemaGetter } from "effect"
+import { Effect, Option, Schema } from "effect"
 import type { Content } from "@opencode/schema/tool"
 import { HttpTransport } from "../route/transport/index.js"
 import { Protocol } from "../route/protocol.js"
@@ -333,53 +333,13 @@ export const StreamItem = Schema.StructWithRest(
 export type StreamItem = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof StreamItem>
 export type OutputItem = StreamItem & { readonly id: string }
 
-// Responses-compatible providers put streaming error details at the top level or
-// under `error`, and response failures under `response.error`. Accept all three shapes.
+// Responses-compatible providers put error details at the top level, under `error`, or under
+// `response.error`, and gateways reshape them freely: strings, numeric codes, extra fields. Those
+// fields decode as opaque values and `errorDetail` reads them defensively, so an error frame can
+// only fail on invalid JSON and otherwise always classifies with the raw body as the fallback.
 // https://www.openresponses.org/specification
-const OpenResponsesErrorObject = Schema.Struct({
-  type: optionalNull(Schema.String),
-  code: optionalNull(Schema.String),
-  message: optionalNull(Schema.String),
-  param: optionalNull(Schema.String),
-})
-const OpenResponsesErrorPayload = Schema.Union([Schema.String, OpenResponsesErrorObject]).pipe(
-  Schema.decodeTo(OpenResponsesErrorObject, {
-    decode: SchemaGetter.transform((error) => (typeof error === "string" ? { message: error } : error)),
-    encode: SchemaGetter.passthrough(),
-  }),
-)
-type OpenResponsesErrorPayload = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof OpenResponsesErrorPayload>
-
-const WebSocketErrorHeader = Schema.Union([Schema.String, Schema.Number, Schema.Boolean])
-export const WebSocketErrorEvent = Schema.StructWithRest(
-  Schema.Struct({
-    type: Schema.tag("error"),
-    status: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
-    status_code: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
-    code: optionalNull(Schema.String),
-    message: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-    param: optionalNull(Schema.String),
-    error: optionalNull(OpenResponsesErrorPayload),
-    headers: Schema.optional(Schema.Record(Schema.String, WebSocketErrorHeader)),
-  }),
-  [Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)],
-)
-const decodeWebSocketErrorEvent = Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(WebSocketErrorEvent)
-
-export const decodeKnownErrorEvent = (event: Event) =>
-  decodeWebSocketErrorEvent({
-    ...event,
-    status: typeof event.status === "number" ? event.status : undefined,
-    status_code: typeof event.status_code === "number" ? event.status_code : undefined,
-    headers: ProviderShared.isRecord(event.headers)
-      ? Object.fromEntries(
-          Object.entries(event.headers).filter(
-            (entry): entry is [string, string | number | boolean] =>
-              typeof entry[1] === "string" || typeof entry[1] === "number" || typeof entry[1] === "boolean",
-          ),
-        )
-      : undefined,
-  })
+const asText = (value: unknown) =>
+  typeof value === "string" && value.length > 0 ? value : typeof value === "number" ? String(value) : undefined
 
 export const Event = Schema.StructWithRest(
   Schema.Struct({
@@ -400,31 +360,18 @@ export const Event = Schema.StructWithRest(
           incomplete_details: optionalNull(Schema.Struct({ reason: Schema.optional(Schema.String) })),
           output: Schema.optional(Schema.Array(StreamItem)),
           usage: optionalNull(OpenResponsesUsage),
-          error: optionalNull(OpenResponsesErrorPayload),
+          error: Schema.optional(Schema.Unknown),
         }),
         [Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)],
       ),
     ),
-    code: optionalNull(Schema.String),
-    message: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-    param: optionalNull(Schema.String),
-    error: optionalNull(OpenResponsesErrorPayload),
+    code: Schema.optional(Schema.Unknown),
+    message: Schema.optional(Schema.Unknown),
+    error: Schema.optional(Schema.Unknown),
     status: Schema.optional(Schema.Unknown),
     status_code: Schema.optional(Schema.Unknown),
-    headers: Schema.optional(Schema.Unknown),
   }),
   [Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)],
-).pipe(
-  Schema.decode({
-    decode: SchemaGetter.transform((event) => {
-      if (event.type !== "error" || event.error != null) return event
-      const { code, message, param, ...rest } = event
-      if (code === undefined && message === undefined && param === undefined) return event
-      // Flat errors (for example, Meta's) can also arrive through generic Responses endpoints.
-      return { ...rest, error: { code, message, param } }
-    }),
-    encode: SchemaGetter.passthrough(),
-  }),
 )
 export type Event = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof Event>
 export type NormalizedEvent = Event & { readonly item?: OutputItem | null }
@@ -433,16 +380,15 @@ const decodeEventValue = Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(Event)
 const decodeFrame = Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(ProviderShared.Json)
 
 /**
- * Decodes one WebSocket frame. xAI answers a rejected `response.create` with `{ "error": { "message", "type" } }` and no
- * event type; that envelope reads as an error event so the failure classifies instead of failing decoding.
+ * Decodes one WebSocket frame. Some providers and gateways answer a rejected `response.create` with a bare
+ * `{ "error": ... }` envelope and no event type; that reads as an error event so it classifies instead of
+ * failing decoding.
  */
 export const decodeChannelEvent = (frame: string) =>
   decodeFrame(frame).pipe(
     Effect.flatMap((value) =>
       decodeEventValue(
-        ProviderShared.isRecord(value) &&
-          value.type === undefined &&
-          (typeof value.error === "string" || ProviderShared.isRecord(value.error))
+        ProviderShared.isRecord(value) && value.type === undefined && value.error != null
           ? { ...value, type: "error" }
           : value,
       ),
@@ -1422,22 +1368,21 @@ const onResponseFinish = Effect.fn("OpenResponses.onResponseFinish")(function* (
   return [{ ...current, lifecycle }, events] satisfies StepResult
 })
 
-// Build the prettiest summary available from whatever the provider supplied.
-// When both code and message are present, prefix the code so consumers see
-// the failure mode (e.g. `rate_limit_exceeded: Slow down`) instead of just
-// the bare message — production rate limits and context-length failures used
-// to be indistinguishable from generic stream drops. Returns undefined when
-// the payload carries no usable summary.
-const providerErrorMessage = (event: Event, nested: OpenResponsesErrorPayload | undefined): string | undefined => {
-  const message = event.message || nested?.message || undefined
-  const code = event.code || nested?.code || undefined
-  if (message && code) return `${code}: ${message}`
-  return message || code
+/** Error code and message from wherever the frame put them; top-level fields win over nested ones. */
+export const errorDetail = (event: Event) => {
+  const raw = event.error ?? event.response?.error
+  const nested = typeof raw === "string" ? { message: raw } : ProviderShared.isRecord(raw) ? raw : undefined
+  return {
+    message: asText(event.message) ?? asText(nested?.message),
+    code: asText(event.code) ?? asText(nested?.code),
+  }
 }
 
+// Prefix the code when both are present (`rate_limit_exceeded: Slow down`) so the failure mode is
+// visible; fall back to the raw frame rather than a generic message when neither decodes.
 export const providerFailure = (event: Event, fallback: string, body = ProviderShared.encodeJson(event)) => {
-  const nested = event.error ?? event.response?.error ?? undefined
-  const summary = providerErrorMessage(event, nested)
+  const detail = errorDetail(event)
+  const summary = detail.message && detail.code ? `${detail.code}: ${detail.message}` : (detail.message ?? detail.code)
   const message = summary ?? (body === "{}" ? fallback : body)
   const status =
     typeof event.status === "number"
@@ -1520,18 +1465,7 @@ export const step = (state: ParserState, event: NormalizedEvent) => {
   if (event.type === "response.output_item.done") return onOutputItemDone(state, event.item)
   if (event.type === "response.completed" || event.type === "response.incomplete") return onResponseFinish(state, event)
   if (event.type === "response.failed") return providerFailure(event, `${state.name} response failed`)
-  if (event.type === "error")
-    return decodeKnownErrorEvent(event).pipe(
-      Effect.mapError((cause) =>
-        ProviderShared.eventError(
-          state.id,
-          `${state.name} returned a malformed error event`,
-          ProviderShared.encodeJson(event),
-          cause,
-        ),
-      ),
-      Effect.flatMap(() => providerFailure(event, `${state.name} stream error`)),
-    )
+  if (event.type === "error") return providerFailure(event, `${state.name} stream error`)
   return Effect.succeed<StepResult>([state, NO_EVENTS])
 }
 

packages/ai/src/route/transport/websocket.ts

@@ -215,7 +215,9 @@ export const fromWebSocket = (
 ): Effect.Effect<WebSocketConnection, AIError> =>
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     yield* waitOpen(ws, input)
-    const messages = yield* Queue.bounded<string | Uint8Array, AIError | Cause.Done<void>>(128)
+    // The socket pushes frames synchronously and cannot be paused, so the hand-off to the consumer
+    // fiber must absorb whole read buffers. Bun delivers over a thousand small frames in one tick.
+    const messages = yield* Queue.unbounded<string | Uint8Array, AIError | Cause.Done<void>>()
 
     const oversized = (message: string | Uint8Array) =>
       typeof message === "string" ? new Blob([message]).size > MAX_FRAME_BYTES : message.byteLength > MAX_FRAME_BYTES
@@ -238,19 +240,7 @@ export const fromWebSocket = (
     }
     const offer = (message: string | Uint8Array) => {
       if (rejectOversized(message)) return
-      if (Queue.offerUnsafe(messages, message)) return
-      Queue.failCauseUnsafe(
-        messages,
-        Cause.fail(
-          transportError("WebSocket inbound queue overflow", {
-            body: typeof message === "string" ? message : new TextDecoder().decode(message),
-            url: input.url,
-            operation: "read",
-            code: "queue-overflow",
-            phase: "receive",
-          }),
-        ),
-      )
+      Queue.offerUnsafe(messages, message)
     }
 
     const onMessage = (event: MessageEvent) => {

packages/ai/test/provider/open-responses-errors.test.ts

@@ -11,66 +11,78 @@ import { sseEvents } from "../lib/sse.js"
 
 const decodeEvent = Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(OpenResponses.protocol.stream.event)
 
-it.effect("normalizes flat errors in shared SSE and WebSocket decoding", () =>
+it.effect("decodes error frames verbatim in shared SSE and WebSocket decoding", () =>
   Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const frame = {
-      type: "error",
-      sequence_number: 4,
-      code: "server_shutting_down",
-      message: "Server is shutting down. Please retry your request.",
-      param: null,
-    }
     for (const decode of [decodeEvent, OpenResponses.decodeChannelEvent]) {
-      const event = yield* decode(JSON.stringify(frame))
-      expect(event).toEqual({
-        type: "error",
-        sequence_number: 4,
-        error: { code: frame.code, message: frame.message, param: null },
-      })
-
-      for (const unchanged of [
-        event,
+      for (const frame of [
+        { type: "error", sequence_number: 4, code: "server_shutting_down", message: "Shutting down", param: null },
         { type: "error" },
+        { type: "error", error: "Gateway failed" },
+        { type: "error", error: { code: 429, message: "slow down" } },
+        { type: "error", error: 42 },
+        { type: "error", code: 500, message: ["not", "a", "string"] },
+        { type: "response.failed", response: { id: "resp_failed", error: "Gateway failed" } },
+        { type: "response.failed", response: { id: "resp_failed", error: ["weird"] } },
         {
           type: "response.failed",
           response: { id: "resp_failed", error: { code: "server_error", message: "Internal server error" } },
         },
         { type: "response.output_text.delta", item_id: "msg_text", delta: "Hello" },
       ]) {
-        expect(yield* decode(JSON.stringify(unchanged))).toEqual(unchanged)
+        expect(yield* decode(JSON.stringify(frame))).toEqual(frame)
       }
     }
   }),
 )
 
-it.effect("continues to normalize untyped xAI WebSocket errors", () =>
+it.effect("reads bare WebSocket error envelopes as error events", () =>
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     const message = "gRPC error: Response with id=resp_missing not found"
-    for (const error of [{ type: "api_error", message }, message]) {
-      expect(yield* OpenResponses.decodeChannelEvent(JSON.stringify({ error }))).toEqual({
-        type: "error",
-        error: typeof error === "string" ? { message } : error,
-      })
+    for (const error of [{ type: "api_error", message }, message, 42]) {
+      expect(yield* OpenResponses.decodeChannelEvent(JSON.stringify({ error }))).toEqual({ type: "error", error })
+    }
+    for (const frame of [{ error: null }, { message }]) {
+      expect(yield* OpenResponses.decodeChannelEvent(JSON.stringify(frame)).pipe(Effect.flip)).toBeDefined()
     }
   }),
 )
 
-it.effect("normalizes string errors in shared SSE and WebSocket decoding", () =>
+it.effect("extracts error details from every shape and falls back to the raw frame", () =>
   Effect.gen(function* () {
-    for (const decode of [decodeEvent, OpenResponses.decodeChannelEvent]) {
-      expect(yield* decode(JSON.stringify({ type: "error", error: "Gateway failed" }))).toEqual({
-        type: "error",
-        error: { message: "Gateway failed" },
-      })
-      expect(
-        yield* decode(
-          JSON.stringify({ type: "response.failed", response: { id: "resp_failed", error: "Gateway failed" } }),
-        ),
-      ).toEqual({
-        type: "response.failed",
-        response: { id: "resp_failed", error: { message: "Gateway failed" } },
-      })
+    const cases: Array<[frame: Record<string, unknown>, message: string, tag: string]> = [
+      [
+        { type: "error", code: "server_shutting_down", message: "Shutting down" },
+        "server_shutting_down: Shutting down",
+        "UnknownProvider",
+      ],
+      [{ type: "error", error: "Gateway failed" }, "Gateway failed", "UnknownProvider"],
+      [{ type: "error", error: { code: 429, message: "slow down" } }, "429: slow down", "UnknownProvider"],
+      [{ type: "error", error: { message: "slow down" }, status: 429 }, "slow down", "RateLimit"],
+      [{ type: "error", code: 500, message: ["not", "a", "string"] }, "500", "UnknownProvider"],
+      [
+        { type: "response.failed", response: { id: "resp_failed", error: "Gateway failed" } },
+        "Gateway failed",
+        "UnknownProvider",
+      ],
+    ]
+    for (const [frame, message, tag] of cases) {
+      const event = yield* OpenResponses.decodeChannelEvent(JSON.stringify(frame))
+      const error = OpenResponses.providerFailure(event, "fallback", JSON.stringify(frame))
+      expect(error.message).toBe(message)
+      expect(error.reason._tag).toBe(tag)
+      expect(error.reason.body).toBe(JSON.stringify(frame))
     }
+    for (const frame of [
+      { type: "error", error: 42 },
+      { type: "response.failed", response: { id: "resp_failed", error: ["weird"] } },
+    ]) {
+      const event = yield* OpenResponses.decodeChannelEvent(JSON.stringify(frame))
+      const error = OpenResponses.providerFailure(event, "fallback", JSON.stringify(frame))
+      expect(error.message).toBe(JSON.stringify(frame))
+      expect(error.reason._tag).toBe("UnknownProvider")
+    }
+    expect(OpenResponses.providerFailure({ type: "error" }, "fallback", "{}").message).toBe("fallback")
+    expect(OpenResponses.providerFailure({ type: "error" }, "fallback", "{}").reason._tag).toBe("ProviderInternal")
   }),
 )
 

packages/app/src/runtime/persistence/codec-types.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { Codec } from "./codec"
+
+// Type-level checks: these compile only if inference matches what `typeof schema.Type` gave callers.
+test("struct types infer optional and required fields", () => {
+  const s = Codec.struct({ id: Codec.string, tab: Codec.optional(Codec.string), n: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.number) })
+  const value: typeof s.Type = { id: "x" }
+  const tab: string | undefined = value.tab
+  const n: number | undefined = value.n
+  const t = Codec.transform(s, { decode: (old) => old.tab ?? old.id, encode: (v) => ({ id: v }) })
+  const out: string | Codec.Invalid = t.decode({ id: "a" })
+  const onlyOptional = Codec.struct({ tab: Codec.optional(Codec.string) })
+  const empty: typeof onlyOptional.Type = {}
+  const maybe: string | undefined = empty.tab
+  const viaTransform = Codec.transform(onlyOptional, { decode: (old) => old.tab, encode: (tab) => ({ tab }) })
+  expect([tab, n, out, maybe, viaTransform.decode({})]).toEqual([undefined, undefined, "a", undefined, undefined])
+})

packages/app/src/runtime/persistence/codec.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { Codec } from "./codec"
+
+describe("Codec", () => {
+  test("primitives reject the wrong shape and finite numbers only", () => {
+    expect(Codec.string.decode("a")).toBe("a")
+    expect(Codec.string.decode(1)).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+    expect(Codec.number.decode(1.5)).toBe(1.5)
+    expect(Codec.number.decode(Number.NaN)).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+    expect(Codec.nonNegativeInt.decode(-1)).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+    expect(Codec.literals(["a", "b"]).decode("c")).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+    expect(Codec.literal("x").decode("x")).toBe("x")
+  })
+
+  test("struct keeps optional fields absent and rejects invalid required ones", () => {
+    const codec = Codec.struct({ id: Codec.string, title: Codec.optional(Codec.string), n: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.number) })
+    expect(codec.decode({ id: "1" })).toEqual({ id: "1" })
+    expect(codec.decode({ id: "1", title: "t", n: "bad" })).toEqual({ id: "1", title: "t" })
+    expect(codec.decode({ id: "1", title: 3 })).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+    expect(codec.decode({ title: "t" })).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+    expect(codec.decode([])).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+    expect(codec.encode({ id: "1" })).toEqual({ id: "1" })
+    const value: typeof codec.Type = { id: "1", title: undefined }
+    expect(value.id).toBe("1")
+  })
+
+  test("lenient collections recover what they can", () => {
+    const items = Codec.lenientArray(Codec.struct({ id: Codec.string }))
+    expect(items.decode([{ id: "a" }, { id: 1 }, "x", { id: "b" }])).toEqual([{ id: "a" }, { id: "b" }])
+    expect(items.decode("nope")).toEqual([])
+    expect(Codec.array(Codec.string).decode(["a", 1])).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+    const map = Codec.lenientRecord(Codec.boolean)
+    expect(map.decode({ a: true, b: "x" })).toEqual({})
+    expect(map.decode({ a: true })).toEqual({ a: true })
+  })
+
+  test("union, transform and fallback compose", () => {
+    const session = Codec.struct({ type: Codec.literal("session"), id: Codec.string })
+    const draft = Codec.struct({ type: Codec.literal("draft"), directory: Codec.string })
+    const tab = Codec.union([session, draft])
+    expect(tab.decode({ type: "draft", directory: "/x" })).toEqual({ type: "draft", directory: "/x" })
+    expect(tab.decode({ type: "other" })).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+    const upper = Codec.transform(Codec.string, { decode: (s) => s.toUpperCase(), encode: (s) => s.toLowerCase() })
+    expect(upper.decode("ab")).toBe("AB")
+    expect(upper.encode("AB")).toBe("ab")
+    const safe = Codec.fallback(Codec.number, () => 7)
+    expect(safe.decode("x")).toBe(7)
+    expect(safe.decode(undefined)).toBe(7)
+    expect(safe.decode(2)).toBe(2)
+  })
+
+  test("brand constructs and decodes as its base", () => {
+    const Key = Codec.brand<"ServerConnection.Key">()
+    const key = Key.make("http://a")
+    expect(Key.decode(key)).toBe(key)
+    expect(Key.decode(3)).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+  })
+
+  test("withInitial recovers field by field and merges new defaults", () => {
+    const layout = Codec.struct({
+      sidebar: Codec.struct({ opened: Codec.boolean, width: Codec.number }),
+      theme: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.literals(["light", "dark"])),
+    })
+    const initial: typeof layout.Type = { sidebar: { opened: true, width: 240 } }
+    const codec = Codec.fromJsonString(Codec.withInitial(layout, initial))
+    expect(codec.decode(JSON.stringify({ sidebar: { opened: false, width: "wide" }, theme: "dark" }))).toEqual({
+      sidebar: { opened: false, width: 240 },
+      theme: "dark",
+    })
+    expect(codec.decode(JSON.stringify({ sidebar: 5 }))).toEqual(initial)
+    expect(codec.decode("{not json")).toBe(Codec.INVALID)
+    expect(JSON.parse(codec.encode({ sidebar: { opened: true, width: 1 } }))).toEqual({ sidebar: { opened: true, width: 1 } })
+  })
+
+  test("migrate reads the old shape first", () => {
+    const current = Codec.struct({ tabs: Codec.array(Codec.string) })
+    const previous = Codec.struct({ tab: Codec.optional(Codec.string) })
+    const read = Codec.transform(previous, {
+      decode: (old) => ({ tabs: old.tab ? [old.tab] : [] }),
+      encode: (value) => ({ tab: value.tabs[0] }),
+    })
+    const codec = Codec.withInitial(Codec.migrate(current, read), { tabs: [] })
+    expect(codec.decode({ tab: "a" })).toEqual({ tabs: ["a"] })
+  })
+})

packages/app/src/runtime/persistence/codec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+export * as Codec from "./codec"
+
+// Plain codecs for persisted state. They replace Effect Schema in the renderer's initial module
+// graph, where Effect's own module initialisation was the single largest startup cost that was not
+// rendering. Semantics mirror the Persistence helpers: decoding never throws, `INVALID` marks a
+// value that cannot be recovered, and the lenient combinators recover what they can.
+
+export const INVALID: unique symbol = Symbol.for("opencode/persistence/codec/invalid")
+export type Invalid = typeof INVALID
+
+const tag: unique symbol = Symbol.for("opencode/persistence/codec")
+
+export interface Of<T, E = unknown> {
+  readonly [tag]: true
+  /** Phantom: `typeof codec.Type` is the decoded type, as with Effect schemas. */
+  readonly Type: T
+  readonly Encoded: E
+  readonly optional?: boolean
+  decode(input: unknown): T | Invalid
+  encode(value: T): E
+}
+
+export type Any = Of<any, any>
+export type Type<C extends Any> = C["Type"]
+
+export function isCodec(value: unknown): value is Any {
+  return typeof value === "object" && value !== null && tag in value
+}
+
+export function make<T, E = unknown>(decode: (input: unknown) => T | Invalid, encode: (value: T) => E): Of<T, E> {
+  return { [tag]: true, decode, encode } as Of<T, E>
+}
+
+export function is<T>(codec: Of<T>, input: unknown): input is T {
+  return codec.decode(input) !== INVALID
+}
+
+export function decodeOption<T>(codec: Of<T>, input: unknown): T | undefined {
+  const value = codec.decode(input)
+  return value === INVALID ? undefined : value
+}
+
+export function decodeOrThrow<T>(codec: Of<T>, input: unknown): T {
+  const value = codec.decode(input)
+  if (value === INVALID) throw new Error("Value does not match its codec")
+  return value
+}
+
+/** Encodes and checks the result decodes, so an invalid in-memory value fails loudly instead of persisting. */
+export function encodeOrThrow<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>, value: T): E {
+  const encoded = codec.encode(value)
+  if (codec.decode(encoded) === INVALID) throw new Error("Value does not match its codec")
+  return encoded
+}
+
+const identity = <T>(value: T) => value
+
+export const string: Of<string, string> = make((v) => (typeof v === "string" ? v : INVALID), identity)
+export const boolean: Of<boolean, boolean> = make((v) => (typeof v === "boolean" ? v : INVALID), identity)
+export const unknown: Of<unknown, unknown> = make((v) => v, identity)
+/** Finite numbers only: NaN and infinities are not JSON and never valid state. */
+export const number: Of<number, number> = make((v) => (typeof v === "number" && Number.isFinite(v) ? v : INVALID), identity)
+export const int: Of<number, number> = make((v) => (typeof v === "number" && Number.isInteger(v) ? v : INVALID), identity)
+export const nonNegativeInt: Of<number, number> = make(
+  (v) => (typeof v === "number" && Number.isInteger(v) && v >= 0 ? v : INVALID),
+  identity,
+)
+
+export function literal<const L extends string | number | boolean | null>(value: L): Of<L, L> {
+  return make((v) => (v === value ? value : INVALID), identity)
+}
+
+export function literals<const L extends ReadonlyArray<string | number | boolean | null>>(values: L): Of<L[number], L[number]> {
+  const set = new Set<unknown>(values)
+  return make((v) => (set.has(v) ? (v as L[number]) : INVALID), identity)
+}
+
+/** A string carrying a nominal brand, with the constructor Effect's `Schema.brand` gave callers. */
+export function brand<B extends string>(): Of<string & { readonly [K in B]: B }, string> & {
+  make(value: string): string & { readonly [K in B]: B }
+} {
+  return Object.assign(make<string & { readonly [K in B]: B }, string>((v) => (typeof v === "string" ? (v as never) : INVALID), identity), {
+    make: (value: string) => value as never,
+  })
+}
+
+export function nullOr<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>): Of<T | null, E | null> {
+  return make((v) => (v === null ? null : codec.decode(v)), (v) => (v === null ? null : codec.encode(v)))
+}
+
+export function undefinedOr<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>): Of<T | undefined, E | undefined> {
+  return make((v) => (v === undefined ? undefined : codec.decode(v)), (v) => (v === undefined ? undefined : codec.encode(v)))
+}
+
+/** A struct field that may be absent. Present but invalid values make the struct invalid. */
+export function optional<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>): Of<T | undefined, E | undefined> & { readonly optional: true } {
+  return { ...undefinedOr(codec), optional: true } as never
+}
+
+/** A struct field that may be absent, and whose invalid values are dropped rather than rejected. */
+export function lenientOptional<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>): Of<T | undefined, E | undefined> & { readonly optional: true } {
+  return {
+    ...make<T | undefined, E | undefined>(
+      (v) => {
+        if (v === undefined) return undefined
+        const value = codec.decode(v)
+        return value === INVALID ? undefined : value
+      },
+      (v) => (v === undefined ? undefined : codec.encode(v)),
+    ),
+    optional: true,
+  } as never
+}
+
+type Fields = Record<string, Any>
+type OptionalKeys<F extends Fields> = { [K in keyof F]: F[K] extends { optional: true } ? K : never }[keyof F]
+type RequiredKeys<F extends Fields> = Exclude<keyof F, OptionalKeys<F>>
+type Simplify<T> = { [K in keyof T]: T[K] } & {}
+export type StructType<F extends Fields> = Simplify<
+  { [K in RequiredKeys<F>]: F[K]["Type"] } & { [K in OptionalKeys<F>]?: F[K]["Type"] }
+>
+export type StructEncoded<F extends Fields> = Simplify<
+  { [K in RequiredKeys<F>]: F[K]["Encoded"] } & { [K in OptionalKeys<F>]?: F[K]["Encoded"] }
+>
+
+export interface Struct<F extends Fields> extends Of<StructType<F>, StructEncoded<F>> {
+  readonly fields: F
+}
+
+// `preserve` keeps keys the struct does not declare, for migration shapes that only describe the
+// fields they rewrite (Effect's `onExcessProperty: "preserve"`); the current schema then decides.
+export function struct<const F extends Fields>(fields: F, options?: { preserve?: boolean }): Struct<F> {
+  const entries = Object.entries(fields)
+  return {
+    ...make<StructType<F>, StructEncoded<F>>(
+      (input) => {
+        if (typeof input !== "object" || input === null || Array.isArray(input)) return INVALID
+        const record = input as Record<string, unknown>
+        const out: Record<string, unknown> = options?.preserve ? { ...record } : {}
+        for (const [key, codec] of entries) {
+          const present = Object.hasOwn(record, key)
+          if (!present && codec.optional) continue
+          const value = codec.decode(record[key])
+          if (value === INVALID) return INVALID
+          if (value !== undefined || present) out[key] = value
+          else delete out[key]
+        }
+        return out as StructType<F>
+      },
+      (value) => {
+        const out: Record<string, unknown> = {}
+        for (const [key, codec] of entries) {
+          const field = (value as Record<string, unknown>)[key]
+          if (field === undefined && !Object.hasOwn(value as object, key)) continue
+          out[key] = codec.encode(field)
+        }
+        return out as StructEncoded<F>
+      },
+    ),
+    fields,
+  }
+}
+
+export function array<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>): Of<T[], E[]> {
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      if (!Array.isArray(input)) return INVALID
+      const out: T[] = []
+      for (const item of input) {
+        const value = codec.decode(item)
+        if (value === INVALID) return INVALID
+        out.push(value)
+      }
+      return out
+    },
+    (value) => value.map((item) => codec.encode(item)),
+  )
+}
+
+/** Keeps the items that decode and drops the rest, like `Persistence.array`. */
+export function lenientArray<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>): Of<T[], E[]> {
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      if (!Array.isArray(input)) return []
+      return input.flatMap((item) => {
+        const value = codec.decode(item)
+        return value === INVALID ? [] : [value]
+      })
+    },
+    (value) => value.map((item) => codec.encode(item)),
+  )
+}
+
+export function record<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>): Of<Record<string, T>, Record<string, E>> {
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      if (typeof input !== "object" || input === null || Array.isArray(input)) return INVALID
+      const out: Record<string, T> = {}
+      for (const [key, item] of Object.entries(input)) {
+        const value = codec.decode(item)
+        if (value === INVALID) return INVALID
+        out[key] = value
+      }
+      return out
+    },
+    (value) => Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(value).map(([key, item]) => [key, codec.encode(item)])),
+  )
+}
+
+/** A record that drops entries whose values are invalid, the replacement for `catchDecoding` to none. */
+export function sparseRecord<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>): Of<Record<string, T>, Record<string, E>> {
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      if (typeof input !== "object" || input === null || Array.isArray(input)) return INVALID
+      const out: Record<string, T> = {}
+      for (const [key, item] of Object.entries(input)) {
+        const value = codec.decode(item)
+        if (value !== INVALID) out[key] = value
+      }
+      return out
+    },
+    (value) => Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(value).map(([key, item]) => [key, codec.encode(item)])),
+  )
+}
+
+/** An invalid record becomes empty rather than failing the whole store, like `Persistence.record`. */
+export function lenientRecord<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>): Of<Record<string, T>, Record<string, E>> {
+  const strict = record(codec)
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      const value = strict.decode(input)
+      return value === INVALID ? {} : value
+    },
+    strict.encode,
+  )
+}
+
+export function union<const C extends ReadonlyArray<Any>>(codecs: C): Of<C[number]["Type"], C[number]["Encoded"]> {
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      for (const codec of codecs) {
+        const value = codec.decode(input)
+        if (value !== INVALID) return value
+      }
+      return INVALID
+    },
+    (value) => {
+      // Encode with the first member that accepts the value's shape; members are disjoint in practice.
+      for (const codec of codecs) if (codec.decode(value) !== INVALID) return codec.encode(value)
+      return value as C[number]["Encoded"]
+    },
+  )
+}
+
+/** Maps a decoded value into another shape, the replacement for `decodeTo` + `SchemaGetter.transform`. */
+export function transform<T, E, T2>(
+  codec: Of<T, E>,
+  options: { decode: (value: T) => T2; encode: (value: T2) => T },
+): Of<T2, E> {
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      const value = codec.decode(input)
+      return value === INVALID ? INVALID : options.decode(value)
+    },
+    (value) => codec.encode(options.encode(value)),
+  )
+}
+
+/** Decodes with `source`, maps, then validates with `target`: Effect's `decodeTo` with a transform. */
+export function decodeTo<T, E, T2, E2>(
+  source: Of<T, E>,
+  target: Of<T2, E2>,
+  options: { decode: (value: T) => E2; encode: (value: T2) => T },
+): Of<T2, E> {
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      const value = source.decode(input)
+      return value === INVALID ? INVALID : target.decode(options.decode(value))
+    },
+    (value) => source.encode(options.encode(value)),
+  )
+}
+
+/** Invalid and missing values become `value()`, like `Persistence.fallback`. */
+export function fallback<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>, value: () => NoInfer<T>): Of<T, E> {
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      if (input === undefined) return value()
+      const decoded = codec.decode(input)
+      return decoded === INVALID ? value() : decoded
+    },
+    codec.encode,
+  )
+}
+
+export function fromJsonString<T, E>(codec: Of<T, E>): Of<T, string> {
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      if (typeof input !== "string") return INVALID
+      try {
+        return codec.decode(JSON.parse(input))
+      } catch {
+        return INVALID
+      }
+    },
+    (value) => JSON.stringify(codec.encode(value)),
+  )
+}
+
+export type Decoder = Pick<Of<unknown>, "decode">
+export type Migrated<C extends Any> = { readonly current: C; readonly read: Decoder }
+
+/** Older stored shapes go through `read` first; `current` describes what the store holds today. */
+export function migrate<C extends Any>(current: C, read: Decoder): Migrated<C> {
+  return { current, read }
+}
+
+function isMigrated<C extends Any>(definition: C | Migrated<C>): definition is Migrated<C> {
+  return !isCodec(definition) && "current" in definition
+}
+
+// Stored values recover field by field against the initial value: an object's valid fields are
+// kept, invalid or missing ones take their initial counterpart, and the result is merged over the
+// initial so new fields appear with their defaults. Mirrors `Persistence.withInitial`.
+export function withInitial<C extends Any>(definition: C | Migrated<C>, initial: Type<C>): Of<Type<C>, unknown> {
+  const codec = isMigrated(definition) ? definition.current : definition
+  const read = isMigrated(definition) ? definition.read : unknown
+  return make(
+    (input) => {
+      const stored = read.decode(input)
+      if (stored === INVALID) return INVALID
+      return merge(initial, recover(codec, stored, initial))
+    },
+    (value) => codec.encode(value),
+  )
+}
+
+function recover(codec: Any, value: unknown, initial: unknown): unknown {
+  if (value === undefined) return initial
+  if ("fields" in codec && isObject(value)) {
+    const fields = (codec as Struct<Fields>).fields
+    return Object.fromEntries(
+      Object.entries(fields).flatMap(([name, field]) => {
+        const defaults = isObject(initial) ? initial[name] : undefined
+        const next = recover(field, value[name], defaults)
+        if (next === undefined && !Object.hasOwn(value, name) && defaults === undefined) return []
+        return [[name, next]]
+      }),
+    )
+  }
+  const decoded = codec.decode(value)
+  return decoded === INVALID ? initial : decoded
+}
+
+function merge(initial: unknown, value: unknown): unknown {
+  if (value === undefined) return initial
+  if (!isObject(initial) || !isObject(value)) return value
+  return Object.fromEntries(
+    [...new Set([...Object.keys(initial), ...Object.keys(value)])].map((key) => [key, merge(initial[key], value[key])]),
+  )
+}
+
+function isObject(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
+  return typeof value === "object" && value !== null && !Array.isArray(value)
+}
+

packages/app/src/runtime/persistence/storage.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { createStore, type SetStoreFunction, type Store } from "solid-js/store"
 import { Option, Schema } from "effect"
 import { pathKey } from "@/workspaces/path-key"
 import { ScopedKey, ServerScope } from "@/runtime/server/scope"
+import { Codec } from "./codec"
 import { persistStore } from "./persist"
 import { Persistence } from "./schema"
 
@@ -472,25 +473,57 @@ export function removePersisted(
   }
 }
 
-export function persisted<S extends Schema.ConstraintCodec<object, unknown>>(
+type Definition<S extends Schema.ConstraintCodec<object, unknown> | Codec.Any> =
+  | S
+  | Persistence.Migrated<Extract<S, Schema.ConstraintCodec<object, unknown>>>
+  | Codec.Migrated<Extract<S, Codec.Any>>
+
+// Persisted stores are moving from Effect Schema to the plain codecs in ./codec so the renderer
+// stops paying for Effect at startup; both are accepted while the migration is underway.
+function serializer<S extends Schema.ConstraintCodec<object, unknown> | Codec.Any>(
+  definition: Definition<S>,
+  initial: S["Type"],
+) {
+  if (Codec.isCodec(definition) || (!("current" in definition) ? false : Codec.isCodec(definition.current))) {
+    const codec = Codec.withInitial(definition as Codec.Any | Codec.Migrated<Codec.Any>, initial)
+    const json = Codec.fromJsonString(codec)
+    return {
+      decode: (raw: string) => Codec.decodeOption(json, raw) as S["Type"] | undefined,
+      deserialize: (raw: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(json, raw) as S["Type"],
+      serialize: (value: S["Type"]) => Codec.encodeOrThrow(json, value),
+      encode: (value: S["Type"]) => Codec.encodeOrThrow(codec, value),
+      initial: Codec.decodeOrThrow(codec, codec.encode(initial)) as S["Type"],
+    }
+  }
+  const schema = definition as Schema.ConstraintCodec<object, unknown> | Persistence.Migrated<Schema.ConstraintCodec<object, unknown>>
+  const initialized = Persistence.withInitial(schema, initial as object)
+  const json = Schema.fromJsonString(initialized)
+  const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownOption(json)
+  return {
+    decode: (raw: string) => Option.getOrUndefined(decode(raw)) as S["Type"] | undefined,
+    deserialize: Schema.decodeUnknownSync(json) as (raw: unknown) => S["Type"],
+    serialize: Schema.encodeSync(json) as (value: S["Type"]) => string,
+    encode: Schema.encodeSync(initialized) as (value: S["Type"]) => unknown,
+    initial: Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Schema.toType(initialized))(initial as object) as S["Type"],
+  }
+}
+
+export function persisted<S extends Schema.ConstraintCodec<object, unknown> | Codec.Any>(
   target: string | PersistTarget,
-  schema: S | Persistence.Migrated<S>,
+  schema: Definition<S>,
   initial: NoInfer<S["Type"]>,
   platformOverride?: Platform,
 ): PersistedWithReady<S["Type"]> {
   const platform = platformOverride ?? usePlatform()
   const config = resolveTarget(typeof target === "string" ? { key: target } : target, platform)
 
-  const initialized = Persistence.withInitial(schema, initial)
-  const json = Schema.fromJsonString(initialized)
-  const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownOption(json)
-  const encode = Schema.encodeSync(initialized)
-  const serialize = Schema.encodeSync(json)
+  const codec = serializer<S>(schema, initial)
+  const { encode, serialize } = codec
   const normalize = (raw: string) => {
-    const value = decode(raw)
-    if (Option.isSome(value)) return serialize(value.value)
+    const value = codec.decode(raw)
+    if (value !== undefined) return serialize(value)
   }
-  const store = createStore<S["Type"]>(Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Schema.toType(initialized))(initial))
+  const store = createStore<S["Type"]>(codec.initial)
   const isDesktop = platform.platform === "desktop" && !!platform.storage
   const draft = config.draft ? platform.draftStore : undefined
   const prefix = `${config.storage ?? "default"}:`
@@ -602,7 +635,7 @@ export function persisted<S extends Schema.ConstraintCodec<object, unknown>>(
     name: config.key,
     storage,
     serialize,
-    deserialize: Schema.decodeUnknownSync(json),
+    deserialize: codec.deserialize,
     sync: channel ? messageSync(channel) : undefined,
     // Drafts take the encoded document itself so large text is externalized without the store
     // re-parsing the serialized form on every save.

packages/app/src/runtime/server/key.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import type { Brand } from "effect"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
+
+// The server key's brand is shared with the Effect schema in ./persistence.ts (type only, so this
+// module loads nothing of Effect), letting stores port to plain codecs one at a time.
+export type ServerKey = string & Brand.Brand<"ServerConnection.Key">
+
+export const ServerKey: Codec.Of<ServerKey, string> & { make(value: string): ServerKey } = Object.assign(
+  Codec.make<ServerKey, string>((v) => (typeof v === "string" ? (v as ServerKey) : Codec.INVALID), (v) => v),
+  { make: (value: string) => value as ServerKey },
+)

packages/app/src/runtime/server/persistence.test.ts

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { IconState, ModelState, ProjectState, VcsState, serverState } from "./persistence"
 import { createRoot } from "solid-js"
 import { isServer } from "solid-js/web"
 import { Persist, persisted } from "@/runtime/persistence/storage"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
 
 const initial = { list: [], hidden: {}, projects: {}, lastProject: {}, recentlyClosed: {} }
 
 function serverSchema(canonical?: () => string | undefined) {
-  return Persistence.withInitial(serverState(canonical), initial)
+  return Codec.withInitial(serverState(canonical), initial)
 }
 
 describe("server persistence schema", () => {
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ describe("server persistence schema", () => {
       ],
       projects: { local: [{ worktree: "/project", expanded: true }] },
     }
-    const state = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(schema)(input)
+    const state = Codec.decodeOrThrow(schema, input)
     expect(state).toEqual({
       list: [
         { type: "http", http: { url: "http://localhost:4096" } },
@@ -48,13 +47,13 @@ describe("server persistence schema", () => {
       recentlyClosed: {},
     })
     expect(input.list[1]).toHaveProperty("username", "legacy")
-    const encoded = Schema.encodeSync(schema)(state)
+    const encoded = schema.encode(state)
     expect(encoded).toEqual(state)
-    expect(Schema.decodeUnknownSync(schema)(encoded)).toEqual(state)
+    expect(Codec.decodeOrThrow(schema, encoded)).toEqual(state)
   })
 
   test("defaults missing or malformed fields and drops invalid entries independently", () => {
-    const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(serverSchema())
+    const decode = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(serverSchema(), input))
     const empty = { list: [], hidden: {}, projects: {}, lastProject: {}, recentlyClosed: {} }
     expect(decode({})).toEqual(empty)
     expect(decode({ list: null, hidden: [], projects: false, lastProject: 1, recentlyClosed: "bad" })).toEqual(empty)
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@ describe("server persistence schema", () => {
 
   test("moves canonical project buckets without changing server keys or unrelated scopes", () => {
     const schema = serverSchema(() => "https://opencode.example.com")
-    const state = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(schema)({
+    const state = Codec.decodeOrThrow(schema, {
       list: ["https://opencode.example.com"],
       hidden: { "https://opencode.example.com": true },
       projects: {
@@ -100,14 +99,14 @@ describe("server persistence schema", () => {
     expect(state.list[0]?.http.url).toBe("https://opencode.example.com")
     expect(state.hidden).toEqual({ "https://opencode.example.com": true })
     expect(state.recentlyClosed).toEqual({ local: ["/closed"], "https://opencode.example.com": ["/old-closed"] })
-    expect(Schema.encodeSync(schema)(state)).toEqual(state)
-    expect(Schema.decodeUnknownSync(schema)(state)).toEqual(state)
+    expect(schema.encode(state)).toEqual(state)
+    expect(Codec.decodeOrThrow(schema, state)).toEqual(state)
   })
 
   test("reads the latest canonical local prop on each decode", () => {
     const props: { canonicalLocalServer?: string } = {}
     const schema = serverSchema(() => props.canonicalLocalServer)
-    const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(schema)
+    const decode = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(schema, input))
     const input = {
       projects: { remote: [{ worktree: "/project", expanded: true }] },
       lastProject: { remote: "/project" },
@@ -122,7 +121,7 @@ describe("server persistence schema", () => {
   })
 
   test("migrates a last project without a project list", () => {
-    expect(Schema.decodeUnknownSync(serverSchema(() => "remote"))({ lastProject: { remote: "/project" } })).toEqual({
+    expect(Codec.decodeOrThrow(serverSchema(() => "remote"), { lastProject: { remote: "/project" } })).toEqual({
       list: [],
       hidden: {},
       projects: {},
@@ -134,7 +133,7 @@ describe("server persistence schema", () => {
 
 describe("model persistence schema", () => {
   test("defaults missing state and keeps valid entries beside malformed entries", () => {
-    const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(ModelState, { user: [], recent: [], variant: {} }))
+    const decode = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(ModelState, { user: [], recent: [], variant: {} }), input))
     expect(decode({})).toEqual({ user: [], recent: [], variant: {} })
     expect(decode({ user: null, recent: 1, variant: [] })).toEqual({ user: [], recent: [], variant: {} })
     const state = decode({
@@ -155,24 +154,24 @@ describe("model persistence schema", () => {
       recent: [{ providerID: "provider", modelID: "model" }],
       variant: { model: "high" },
     })
-    expect(Schema.encodeSync(ModelState)(state)).toEqual(state)
+    expect(ModelState.encode(state)).toEqual(state)
   })
 })
 
 describe("directory cache schemas", () => {
   test("defaults missing and malformed VCS caches but retains optional branch metadata", () => {
-    const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(VcsState, { value: undefined }))
+    const decode = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(VcsState, { value: undefined }), input))
     expect(decode({})).toEqual({ value: undefined })
     expect(decode({ value: null })).toEqual({ value: undefined })
     expect(decode({ value: { branch: 1 } })).toEqual({ value: undefined })
     expect(decode({ value: { default_branch: "main" } })).toEqual({ value: { default_branch: "main" } })
     const state = decode({ value: { branch: "feature", default_branch: "main", obsolete: true } })
     expect(state).toEqual({ value: { branch: "feature", default_branch: "main" } })
-    expect(Schema.encodeSync(VcsState)(state)).toEqual(state)
+    expect(VcsState.encode(state)).toEqual(state)
   })
 
   test("validates project name, icon overrides and startup commands", () => {
-    const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(ProjectState, { value: undefined }))
+    const decode = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(ProjectState, { value: undefined }), input))
     expect(decode({})).toEqual({ value: undefined })
     expect(decode({ value: [] })).toEqual({ value: undefined })
     expect(decode({ value: { icon: { override: 1 } } })).toEqual({ value: undefined })
@@ -185,7 +184,7 @@ describe("directory cache schemas", () => {
         commands: { start: "bun dev" },
       },
     })
-    expect(Schema.encodeSync(ProjectState)(state)).toEqual(state)
+    expect(ProjectState.encode(state)).toEqual(state)
     expect(state.value).toEqual({
       name: "Project",
       icon: { override: "data:image/png;base64,abc", color: "blue" },
@@ -194,12 +193,12 @@ describe("directory cache schemas", () => {
   })
 
   test("validates optional icon strings", () => {
-    const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(IconState, { value: undefined }))
+    const decode = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(IconState, { value: undefined }), input))
     expect(decode({})).toEqual({ value: undefined })
     expect(decode({ value: 42 })).toEqual({ value: undefined })
     expect(decode({ value: null })).toEqual({ value: undefined })
     expect(decode({ value: "" })).toEqual({ value: "" })
-    expect(Schema.encodeSync(IconState)(decode({ value: "data:image/png;base64,abc" }))).toEqual({
+    expect(IconState.encode(decode({ value: "data:image/png;base64,abc" }))).toEqual({
       value: "data:image/png;base64,abc",
     })
   })
@@ -255,7 +254,7 @@ test.skipIf(isServer)(
       const stored = values.get("opencode.global.dat:server")
       expect(stored).toBeDefined()
       if (!stored) throw new Error("server state was not written")
-      const decoded = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Schema.fromJsonString(serverSchema()))(stored)
+      const decoded = Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.fromJsonString(serverSchema()), stored)
       expect(decoded.projects.local).toEqual([{ worktree: "/project", expanded: true }])
       expect(stored).not.toContain("username")
       expect(decoded.list).toEqual(root.state[0].list)
@@ -264,3 +263,4 @@ test.skipIf(isServer)(
     }
   },
 )
+

packages/app/src/runtime/server/persistence.ts

@@ -1,136 +1,127 @@
-import { Effect, Option, Schema, SchemaGetter } from "effect"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
+import { ServerKey } from "./key"
 
-export const ServerKey = Schema.String.pipe(Schema.brand("ServerConnection.Key"))
+export { ServerKey }
 
-export const ServerHttpBase = Persistence.struct({
-  url: Schema.String,
-  password: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+export const ServerHttpBase = Codec.struct({
+  url: Codec.string,
+  password: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
 })
 
-export const ServerHttp = Persistence.struct({
-  type: Schema.Literal("http"),
+export const ServerHttp = Codec.struct({
+  type: Codec.literal("http"),
   http: ServerHttpBase,
-  authToken: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
-  displayName: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  label: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  authToken: Codec.optional(Codec.boolean),
+  displayName: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
+  label: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
 })
 
-const StoredServer = Schema.Union([ServerHttp, ServerHttpBase, Schema.String]).pipe(
-  Schema.decodeTo(ServerHttp, {
-    decode: SchemaGetter.transform((value) => {
-      if (typeof value === "string") return { type: "http", http: { url: value } }
-      if ("http" in value) return value
-      return { type: "http", http: value }
-    }),
-    encode: SchemaGetter.transform((value) => value),
-  }),
-)
-
-const ProjectList = Persistence.array(
-  Persistence.struct({
-    worktree: Schema.String,
-    expanded: Persistence.fallback(Schema.Boolean, () => true),
-  }),
-)
-const Projects = Persistence.record(ProjectList)
-const LastProject = Persistence.record(Schema.String.pipe(Schema.catchDecoding(() => Effect.succeed(Option.none()))))
-
-const State = Persistence.struct({
-  list: Persistence.array(StoredServer),
-  hidden: Schema.Record(
-    Schema.String,
-    Schema.mutableKey(Schema.Boolean.pipe(Schema.catchDecoding(() => Effect.succeed(Option.none())))),
-  ),
-  projects: Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.mutableKey(ProjectList)),
-  lastProject: Schema.Record(
-    Schema.String,
-    Schema.mutableKey(Schema.String.pipe(Schema.catchDecoding(() => Effect.succeed(Option.none())))),
-  ),
-  recentlyClosed: Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.mutableKey(Persistence.array(Schema.String))),
+// Servers were stored as a URL string, then as the HTTP block alone, before the current shape.
+const StoredServer = Codec.decodeTo(Codec.union([ServerHttp, ServerHttpBase, Codec.string]), ServerHttp, {
+  decode: (value) => {
+    if (typeof value === "string") return { type: "http" as const, http: { url: value } }
+    if ("http" in value) return value
+    return { type: "http" as const, http: value }
+  },
+  encode: (value) => value,
 })
 
+const ProjectList = Codec.lenientArray(
+  Codec.struct({
+    worktree: Codec.string,
+    expanded: Codec.fallback(Codec.boolean, () => true),
+  }),
+)
+const Projects = Codec.lenientRecord(ProjectList)
+const LastProject = Codec.fallback(Codec.sparseRecord(Codec.string), () => ({}))
+
+const State = Codec.struct({
+  list: Codec.lenientArray(StoredServer),
+  hidden: Codec.sparseRecord(Codec.boolean),
+  projects: Codec.record(ProjectList),
+  lastProject: Codec.sparseRecord(Codec.string),
+  recentlyClosed: Codec.record(Codec.lenientArray(Codec.string)),
+})
+
+const StoredState = Codec.struct({ projects: Projects, lastProject: LastProject }, { preserve: true })
+
+// Projects and last-opened entries recorded under the canonical local server's URL move under
+// "local" when that URL is known, so they survive the server changing address.
 export function serverState(canonicalLocalServer: () => string | undefined = () => undefined) {
-  return Persistence.migrate(
+  return Codec.migrate(
     State,
-    Schema.Struct({ projects: Projects, lastProject: LastProject }).pipe(
-      Schema.decode({
-        decode: SchemaGetter.transform((value) => {
-          const canonical = canonicalLocalServer()
-          if (!canonical || canonical === "local") return value
-          const previous = value.projects[canonical]
-          const last = value.lastProject[canonical]
-          if (!previous && last === undefined) return value
+    Codec.transform(StoredState, {
+      decode: (value) => {
+        const canonical = canonicalLocalServer()
+        if (!canonical || canonical === "local") return value
+        const previous = value.projects[canonical]
+        const last = value.lastProject[canonical]
+        if (!previous && last === undefined) return value
 
-          const projects = { ...value.projects }
-          if (previous) {
-            const local = projects.local ?? []
-            const worktrees = new Set(local.map((project) => project.worktree))
-            projects.local = [
-              ...local,
-              ...previous.filter((project) => {
-                if (worktrees.has(project.worktree)) return false
-                worktrees.add(project.worktree)
-                return true
-              }),
-            ]
-            delete projects[canonical]
-          }
-          const lastProject = { ...value.lastProject }
-          if (last !== undefined) {
-            lastProject.local ??= last
-            delete lastProject[canonical]
-          }
-          return { ...value, projects, lastProject }
-        }),
-        encode: SchemaGetter.transform((value) => value),
-      }),
-    ),
+        const projects = { ...value.projects }
+        if (previous) {
+          const local = projects.local ?? []
+          const worktrees = new Set(local.map((project) => project.worktree))
+          projects.local = [
+            ...local,
+            ...previous.filter((project) => {
+              if (worktrees.has(project.worktree)) return false
+              worktrees.add(project.worktree)
+              return true
+            }),
+          ]
+          delete projects[canonical]
+        }
+        const lastProject = { ...value.lastProject }
+        if (last !== undefined) {
+          lastProject.local ??= last
+          delete lastProject[canonical]
+        }
+        return { ...value, projects, lastProject }
+      },
+      encode: (value) => value,
+    }),
   )
 }
 
-export const ModelState = Persistence.struct({
-  user: Persistence.array(
-    Persistence.struct({
-      providerID: Schema.String,
-      modelID: Schema.String,
-      visibility: Schema.Literals(["show", "hide"]),
-      favorite: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+export const ModelState = Codec.struct({
+  user: Codec.lenientArray(
+    Codec.struct({
+      providerID: Codec.string,
+      modelID: Codec.string,
+      visibility: Codec.literals(["show", "hide"]),
+      favorite: Codec.optional(Codec.boolean),
     }),
   ),
-  recent: Persistence.array(Persistence.struct({ providerID: Schema.String, modelID: Schema.String })),
-  variant: Schema.Record(
-    Schema.String,
-    Schema.mutableKey(
-      Schema.UndefinedOr(Schema.String).pipe(Schema.catchDecoding(() => Effect.succeed(Option.none()))),
-    ),
-  ),
+  recent: Codec.lenientArray(Codec.struct({ providerID: Codec.string, modelID: Codec.string })),
+  variant: Codec.sparseRecord(Codec.undefinedOr(Codec.string)),
 })
 
-export const VcsState = Persistence.struct({
-  value: Schema.optional(
-    Persistence.struct({
-      branch: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-      default_branch: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+export const VcsState = Codec.struct({
+  value: Codec.optional(
+    Codec.struct({
+      branch: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
+      default_branch: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
     }),
   ),
 })
 
-const ProjectMeta = Persistence.struct({
-  name: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  icon: Schema.optional(
-    Persistence.struct({
-      override: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-      color: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+const ProjectMeta = Codec.struct({
+  name: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
+  icon: Codec.optional(
+    Codec.struct({
+      override: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
+      color: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
     }),
   ),
-  commands: Schema.optional(Persistence.struct({ start: Schema.optional(Schema.String) })),
+  commands: Codec.optional(Codec.struct({ start: Codec.optional(Codec.string) })),
 })
 
-export const ProjectState = Persistence.struct({
-  value: Schema.optional(ProjectMeta),
+export const ProjectState = Codec.struct({
+  value: Codec.optional(ProjectMeta),
 })
 
-export const IconState = Persistence.struct({
-  value: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+export const IconState = Codec.struct({
+  value: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
 })
+

packages/app/src/runtime/server/registry.test.ts

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
 import { canRemoveServer, createServerProjects, resolveServerList, ServerConnection } from "./registry"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { serverState } from "./persistence"
 import { createStore } from "solid-js/store"
 import { ServerScope } from "./scope"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
 
 function serverSchema() {
-  return Persistence.withInitial(serverState(), {
+  return Codec.withInitial(serverState(), {
     list: [],
     hidden: {},
     projects: {},
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ function serverSchema() {
 describe("resolveServerList", () => {
   test("lets startup auth_token credentials override a persisted same-url server", () => {
     const list = resolveServerList({
-      stored: Schema.decodeUnknownSync(serverSchema())({ list: [{ url: "https://server.example.test" }] }).list,
+      stored: Codec.decodeOrThrow(serverSchema(), { list: [{ url: "https://server.example.test" }] }).list,
       props: [
         {
           type: "http",
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ describe("resolveServerList", () => {
 
   test("keeps persisted credentials when startup has no auth_token", () => {
     const list = resolveServerList({
-      stored: Schema.decodeUnknownSync(serverSchema())({
+      stored: Codec.decodeOrThrow(serverSchema(), {
         list: [{ url: "https://server.example.test", password: "saved" }],
       }).list,
       props: [{ type: "http", http: { url: "https://server.example.test" } }],
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ test("treats WSL sidecars as remote server connections", () => {
 })
 
 test("keeps exact persisted server identities and prevents removing provided servers", () => {
-  const stored = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(serverSchema())({
+  const stored = Codec.decodeOrThrow(serverSchema(), {
     list: ["http://localhost:4096", "http://localhost:4096/", "http://127.0.0.1:4096"],
   }).list
   expect(resolveServerList({ stored }).map((server) => String(ServerConnection.key(server)))).toEqual([
@@ -91,7 +90,7 @@ test("keeps exact persisted server identities and prevents removing provided ser
 })
 
 test("project actions update schema-derived state and follow dynamic server scopes", () => {
-  const [store, setStore] = createStore(Schema.decodeUnknownSync(serverSchema())({}))
+  const [store, setStore] = createStore(Codec.decodeOrThrow(serverSchema(), {}))
   const props: { server: ServerConnection.Key; canonicalLocalServer?: ServerConnection.Key } = {
     server: ServerConnection.Key.make("https://remote.example"),
   }
@@ -115,3 +114,4 @@ test("project actions update schema-derived state and follow dynamic server scop
   expect(store.projects.local).toEqual([{ worktree: "/local", expanded: true }])
   expect(store.projects[props.server]).toEqual([{ worktree: "/remote", expanded: false }])
 })
+

packages/app/src/settings/model.test.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { timelinePresets } from "@opencode/session-ui/timeline/detail"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
 import {
   settingsSchema,
   settingsPersistence,
@@ -13,9 +12,9 @@ import {
   terminalFontFamily,
 } from "./model"
 
-const schema = Persistence.withInitial(settingsPersistence, defaultSettings)
-const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(schema)
-const encode = Schema.encodeSync(schema)
+const schema = Codec.withInitial(settingsPersistence, defaultSettings)
+const decode = (input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(schema, input)
+const encode = (value: typeof settingsSchema.Type) => schema.encode(value)
 
 describe("settings timeline detail migration", () => {
   test("migrates saved switches and round trips the current settings", () => {
@@ -51,14 +50,14 @@ describe("settings schema", () => {
       general: { ...defaultSettings.general, timelineDetail: timelinePresets[4].value, autoSave: false },
       appearance: { ...defaultSettings.appearance, fontSize: 20 },
     }
-    const restore = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(settingsPersistence, initial))
+    const restore = (input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(settingsPersistence, initial), input)
     expect(restore({})).toEqual(initial)
     expect(restore({ general: { reasoningMode: "invalid", showReasoningSummaries: true } })).toEqual(initial)
     expect(restore({ general: { showReasoningSummaries: true } }).general.timelineDetail.thinking).toEqual({
       placement: "separate",
       details: "expanded",
     })
-    expect(() => Schema.decodeUnknownSync(settingsSchema)({})).toThrow()
+    expect(() => Codec.decodeOrThrow(settingsSchema, {})).toThrow()
   })
 
   test("supplies the existing defaults for an empty document", () => {
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ describe("settings schema", () => {
 
   test("does not silently repair invalid values during encoding", () => {
     expect(() =>
-      Schema.encodeUnknownSync(settingsSchema)({ ...decode({}), appearance: { fontSize: "large" } }),
+      Codec.encodeOrThrow(settingsSchema, { ...decode({}), appearance: { fontSize: "large" } } as never),
     ).toThrow()
   })
 })
@@ -203,3 +202,6 @@ describe("settings font families", () => {
     expect(terminalFontFamily(undefined)).toStartWith('"JetBrainsMono Nerd Font Mono", ')
   })
 })
+
+
+

packages/app/src/shell/state/layout.test.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
 import { createRoot, createSignal } from "solid-js"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { ServerConnection } from "@/runtime/server/registry"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
 import { currentRoute, initialLayout, layoutPersistence, layoutSchema } from "./layout"
 import { createSessionKeyReader, ensureSessionKey, pruneSessionKeys } from "./helpers"
 
@@ -11,21 +10,21 @@ test("settings has its own layout route", () => {
 })
 
 describe("layout persistence", () => {
-  const schema = Persistence.withInitial(layoutPersistence, initialLayout(ServerConnection.Key.make("local")))
-  const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(schema)
+  const schema = Codec.withInitial(layoutPersistence, initialLayout(ServerConnection.Key.make("local")))
+  const decode = (input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(schema, input)
 
   test("uses supplied initial preferences after legacy migration", () => {
     const initial = initialLayout(ServerConnection.Key.make("remote"))
     initial.sidebar.width = 420
     initial.fileTree.width = 300
     initial.review.panelOpened = true
-    const restore = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(layoutPersistence, initial))
+    const restore = (input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(layoutPersistence, initial), input)
     expect(restore({})).toEqual(initial)
     expect(restore({ sidebar: { width: "bad" } }).sidebar.width).toBe(420)
     expect(restore({ fileTree: { width: 260 } }).fileTree.width).toBe(200)
     expect(restore({ fileTree: {} }).fileTree.width).toBe(300)
     expect(restore({ review: {}, fileTree: { opened: false } }).review.panelOpened).toBe(false)
-    expect(() => Schema.decodeUnknownSync(layoutSchema)({})).toThrow()
+    expect(() => Codec.decodeOrThrow(layoutSchema, {})).toThrow()
   })
 
   test("restores shipped defaults for missing and invalid fields", () => {
@@ -56,8 +55,8 @@ describe("layout persistence", () => {
     expect(value.sidebar).toEqual({ opened: false, width: 344, workspaces: {}, workspacesDefault: true })
     expect(value.review).toEqual({ diffStyle: "split", panelOpened: true })
     expect(value.fileTree).toEqual({ opened: true, width: 200, tab: "changes" })
-    expect(Schema.encodeSync(schema)(value)).toEqual(value)
-    expect(decode(Schema.encodeSync(schema)(value))).toEqual(value)
+    expect(schema.encode(value)).toEqual(value)
+    expect(decode(schema.encode(value))).toEqual(value)
     expect(decode({ fileTree: { opened: true } }).review.panelOpened).toBe(false)
   })
 
@@ -169,3 +168,4 @@ describe("pruneSessionKeys", () => {
     expect(drop).toEqual([])
   })
 })
+

packages/app/src/shell/tabs/schema.ts

@@ -1,63 +1,58 @@
 export * as TabStorage from "./schema"
 
-import { Schema, SchemaGetter } from "effect"
-import { ServerKey } from "@/runtime/server/persistence"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
+import { ServerKey } from "@/runtime/server/key"
 
 export { ServerKey }
 
-export const Session = Persistence.struct({
-  type: Schema.Literal("session"),
+export const Session = Codec.struct({
+  type: Codec.literal("session"),
   server: ServerKey,
-  sessionId: Schema.String,
-  routeSessionId: Persistence.optional(Schema.String),
-  routeParentId: Persistence.optional(Schema.String),
+  sessionId: Codec.string,
+  routeSessionId: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.string),
+  routeParentId: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.string),
 })
 
-export const Draft = Persistence.struct({
-  type: Schema.Literal("draft"),
-  draftID: Schema.String,
+export const Draft = Codec.struct({
+  type: Codec.literal("draft"),
+  draftID: Codec.string,
   server: ServerKey,
-  directory: Schema.String,
-  worktree: Persistence.optional(Schema.String),
-  branch: Persistence.optional(Schema.String),
-  mcp: Persistence.optional(Persistence.struct({ target: Schema.String, states: Persistence.record(Schema.Boolean) })),
+  directory: Codec.string,
+  worktree: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.string),
+  branch: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.string),
+  mcp: Codec.lenientOptional(Codec.struct({ target: Codec.string, states: Codec.lenientRecord(Codec.boolean) })),
 })
 
-const SessionCodec = Session.pipe(
-  Schema.decodeTo(Schema.toType(Session), {
-    decode: SchemaGetter.transform((tab) => ({
-      type: tab.type,
-      server: tab.server,
-      sessionId: tab.sessionId,
-      ...(tab.routeSessionId && tab.routeSessionId !== tab.sessionId
-        ? { routeSessionId: tab.routeSessionId, ...(tab.routeParentId ? { routeParentId: tab.routeParentId } : {}) }
-        : {}),
-    })),
-    encode: SchemaGetter.transform((tab) => tab),
+// A stored route that only repeats the session id carries nothing; drop it and its parent.
+const SessionCodec = Codec.transform(Session, {
+  decode: (tab) => ({
+    type: tab.type,
+    server: tab.server,
+    sessionId: tab.sessionId,
+    ...(tab.routeSessionId && tab.routeSessionId !== tab.sessionId
+      ? { routeSessionId: tab.routeSessionId, ...(tab.routeParentId ? { routeParentId: tab.routeParentId } : {}) }
+      : {}),
+  }),
+  encode: (tab) => tab,
+})
+
+export const Tab = Codec.union([Session, Draft])
+export const Tabs = Codec.lenientArray(Codec.union([SessionCodec, Draft]))
+export const Recent = Codec.struct({
+  key: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
+})
+export const Info = Codec.struct({
+  title: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
+  directory: Codec.optional(Codec.string),
+})
+export const Infos = Codec.record(Info)
+export const Panes = Codec.record(
+  Codec.struct({
+    terminal: Codec.optional(Codec.boolean),
+    review: Codec.optional(Codec.boolean),
+    terminalHeight: Codec.optional(Codec.number),
+    sessionWidth: Codec.optional(Codec.number),
   }),
 )
-
-export const Tab = Schema.Union([Session, Draft])
-export const Tabs = Persistence.array(Schema.Union([SessionCodec, Draft]))
-export const Recent = Persistence.struct({
-  key: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-})
-export const Info = Persistence.struct({
-  title: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  directory: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-})
-export const Infos = Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.mutableKey(Info))
-export const Panes = Schema.Record(
-  Schema.String,
-  Schema.mutableKey(
-    Persistence.struct({
-      terminal: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
-      review: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
-      terminalHeight: Schema.optional(Schema.Finite),
-      sessionWidth: Schema.optional(Schema.Finite),
-    }),
-  ),
-)
-export const ClosedTab = Schema.Struct({ tab: SessionCodec, index: Schema.Int.check(Schema.isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(0)) })
-export const Closed = Persistence.array(ClosedTab)
+export const ClosedTab = Codec.struct({ tab: SessionCodec, index: Codec.nonNegativeInt })
+export const Closed = Codec.lenientArray(ClosedTab)

packages/app/src/shell/tabs/tabs.test.ts

@@ -3,13 +3,12 @@ import { createRoot, getOwner, onCleanup } from "solid-js"
 import { createTabMemory } from "./memory"
 import { nextTabAfterClose, pushClosedTab, removeClosedTabs, takeClosedTab, type ClosedTab } from "./closed"
 import { findSessionTab, sessionIDHasOpenTab, tabHref, tabKey, type SessionTab, type Tab } from "./tabs"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { TabStorage } from "./schema"
 import type { ServerConnection } from "@/runtime/server/registry"
-import { Persistence } from "@/runtime/persistence/schema"
+import { Codec } from "@/runtime/persistence/codec"
 
 const server = "local\nhttp://localhost:4096" as ServerConnection.Key
-const decodeTabs = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(TabStorage.Tabs, []))
+const decodeTabs = ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(TabStorage.Tabs, []), input))
 
 function sessionTab(sessionId: string): SessionTab {
   return { type: "session", server, sessionId }
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ describe("tab migration", () => {
     }
     const restored = decodeTabs([legacy, draft])
     expect(restored).toEqual([legacy, draft])
-    expect(decodeTabs(Schema.encodeSync(TabStorage.Tabs)(restored))).toEqual([legacy, draft])
+    expect(decodeTabs(TabStorage.Tabs.encode(restored))).toEqual([legacy, draft])
   })
 
   test("drops null and malformed persisted tabs", () => {
@@ -64,13 +63,13 @@ describe("tab migration", () => {
       draft,
     ])
     expect(tabs).toEqual([sessionTab("root"), draft])
-    expect(Schema.encodeSync(TabStorage.Tabs)(tabs)).toEqual(tabs)
-    expect(decodeTabs(Schema.encodeSync(TabStorage.Tabs)(tabs))).toEqual(tabs)
+    expect(TabStorage.Tabs.encode(tabs)).toEqual(tabs)
+    expect(decodeTabs(TabStorage.Tabs.encode(tabs))).toEqual(tabs)
   })
 
   test("salvages valid closed session tabs", () => {
     expect(
-      Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(TabStorage.Closed, []))([
+      ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(TabStorage.Closed, []), input))([
         { tab: sessionTab("a"), index: 1 },
         { tab: sessionTab("b"), index: -1 },
         { tab: { type: "draft", server, draftID: "d", directory: "/project" }, index: 0 },
@@ -81,16 +80,16 @@ describe("tab migration", () => {
 
   test("validates auxiliary tab state", () => {
     expect(
-      Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Persistence.withInitial(TabStorage.Recent, { key: undefined }))({ key: 1 }),
+      ((input: unknown) => Codec.decodeOrThrow(Codec.withInitial(TabStorage.Recent, { key: undefined }), input))({ key: 1 }),
     ).toEqual({ key: undefined })
-    expect(Schema.decodeUnknownSync(TabStorage.Infos)({})).toEqual({})
-    expect(Schema.decodeUnknownSync(TabStorage.Panes)({})).toEqual({})
-    expect(Schema.decodeUnknownSync(TabStorage.Infos)({ tab: { title: "Title", directory: "/project" } })).toEqual({
+    expect(Codec.decodeOrThrow(TabStorage.Infos, {})).toEqual({})
+    expect(Codec.decodeOrThrow(TabStorage.Panes, {})).toEqual({})
+    expect(Codec.decodeOrThrow(TabStorage.Infos, { tab: { title: "Title", directory: "/project" } })).toEqual({
       tab: { title: "Title", directory: "/project" },
     })
-    const panes = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(TabStorage.Panes)({ tab: { terminal: true, terminalHeight: 300 } })
-    expect(Schema.encodeSync(TabStorage.Panes)(panes)).toEqual({ tab: { terminal: true, terminalHeight: 300 } })
-    expect(() => Schema.decodeUnknownSync(TabStorage.Panes)({ tab: { terminal: "yes" } })).toThrow()
+    const panes = Codec.decodeOrThrow(TabStorage.Panes, { tab: { terminal: true, terminalHeight: 300 } })
+    expect(TabStorage.Panes.encode(panes)).toEqual({ tab: { terminal: true, terminalHeight: 300 } })
+    expect(() => Codec.decodeOrThrow(TabStorage.Panes, { tab: { terminal: "yes" } })).toThrow()
   })
 })
 
@@ -209,3 +208,5 @@ describe("closed tab stack", () => {
     expect(nextTabAfterClose([sessionTab("a")], 0, true)).toBeNull()
   })
 })
+
+

packages/client/src/effect/api/api.ts

@@ -241,7 +241,6 @@ export type SessionSwitchModelOperation<E = never> = (
 export type SessionUpdateInput = {
   readonly sessionID: Session.ID
   readonly title?: string | undefined
-  readonly metadata?: Session.Metadata | undefined
   readonly permissions?: Permission.Ruleset | undefined
 }
 export type SessionUpdateOutput = void
@@ -517,20 +516,6 @@ export type SessionLogOutput =
             | undefined
           readonly data: { readonly sessionID: Session.ID; readonly title: string }
         }
-      | {
-          readonly id: Event.ID
-          readonly created: number
-          readonly metadata?: { readonly [x: string]: unknown } | undefined
-          readonly type: "session.metadata.updated"
-          readonly durable: { readonly aggregateID: string; readonly seq: Event.Seq; readonly version: Event.Version }
-          readonly location?:
-            | {
-                readonly directory: AbsolutePath
-                readonly workspaceID?: (string & Brand.Brand<"Workspace.ID">) | undefined
-              }
-            | undefined
-          readonly data: { readonly sessionID: Session.ID; readonly metadata: Session.Metadata }
-        }
       | {
           readonly id: Event.ID
           readonly created: number

packages/client/src/effect/generated/client.ts

@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ const EndpointSessionUpdate = (raw: RawClient["server.session"]) => (input: Sess
   preserveEffect<SessionUpdateOutput>()(
     raw["session.update"]({
       params: { sessionID: input["sessionID"] },
-      payload: { title: input["title"], metadata: input["metadata"], permissions: input["permissions"] },
+      payload: { title: input["title"], permissions: input["permissions"] },
     }).pipe(Effect.mapError(mapClientError)),
   )
 

packages/client/src/promise/generated/client.ts

@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ export function make(options: ClientOptions) {
           {
             method: "PATCH",
             path: `/api/session/${encodeURIComponent(input.sessionID)}`,
-            body: { title: input["title"], metadata: input["metadata"], permissions: input["permissions"] },
+            body: { title: input["title"], permissions: input["permissions"] },
             successStatus: 204,
             declaredStatuses: [400, 401, 404],
             empty: true,

packages/client/src/promise/generated/types.ts

@@ -1221,16 +1221,6 @@ export type SessionMoved = {
 
 export type SessionInboxMovePayload1 = { location: LocationRef; projectID: string; subpath?: string }
 
-export type SessionMetadataUpdated = {
-  id: string
-  created: number
-  metadata?: { [x: string]: any }
-  type: "session.metadata.updated"
-  durable: { aggregateID: string; seq: number; version: 1 }
-  location?: LocationRef
-  data: { sessionID: string; metadata: SessionMetadata }
-}
-
 export type SessionShellStarted = {
   id: string
   created: number
@@ -2318,7 +2308,6 @@ export type SessionEventDurable =
   | SessionModelSelected
   | SessionMoved
   | SessionRenamed
-  | SessionMetadataUpdated
   | SessionPermissions
   | SessionViewed
   | SessionDeleted
@@ -2381,7 +2370,6 @@ export type V2Event =
   | SessionModelSelected
   | SessionMoved
   | SessionRenamed
-  | SessionMetadataUpdated
   | SessionPermissions
   | SessionViewed
   | SessionUsageUpdated
@@ -3958,21 +3946,12 @@ export type SessionUpdateInput = {
   readonly sessionID: { readonly sessionID: string }["sessionID"]
   readonly title?: {
     readonly title?: string | undefined
-    readonly metadata?: { readonly [x: string]: JsonValue } | undefined
     readonly permissions?:
       | ReadonlyArray<{ readonly action: string; readonly resource: string; readonly effect: "allow" | "deny" | "ask" }>
       | undefined
   }["title"]
-  readonly metadata?: {
-    readonly title?: string | undefined
-    readonly metadata?: { readonly [x: string]: JsonValue } | undefined
-    readonly permissions?:
-      | ReadonlyArray<{ readonly action: string; readonly resource: string; readonly effect: "allow" | "deny" | "ask" }>
-      | undefined
-  }["metadata"]
   readonly permissions?: {
     readonly title?: string | undefined
-    readonly metadata?: { readonly [x: string]: JsonValue } | undefined
     readonly permissions?:
       | ReadonlyArray<{ readonly action: string; readonly resource: string; readonly effect: "allow" | "deny" | "ask" }>
       | undefined

packages/codemode/interpreter-support.md

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
 - [x] `NaN` and `Infinity` globals.
 - [ ] BigInt literals and in-interpreter BigInt arithmetic; BigInt remains invalid at JSON-like host boundaries.
 - [ ] Arbitrary Symbol primitive values and symbol-keyed properties. The confined `Symbol.iterator` and
-      `Symbol.asyncIterator` keys are available only for custom iterator protocols.
+      `Symbol.asyncIterator` keys are available only for the iterator protocols.
 - [ ] Tagged-template calls.
 - [ ] Getter and setter definitions in object literals.
 
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
 - [x] `if`/`else` and conditional expressions.
 - [x] `switch`, including default clauses and fallthrough.
 - [x] `for`, `while`, and `do...while`.
-- [x] `for...of` over arrays, strings, Maps, Sets, URLSearchParams, Headers, custom synchronous iterators, and
-      confined synchronous generators. Abrupt completion invokes the iterator's optional `return()`.
+- [x] `for...of` over arrays, strings, Maps, Sets, URLSearchParams, Headers, Uint8Arrays, built-in iterators, custom
+      synchronous iterators, and confined synchronous generators. Abrupt completion invokes the iterator's optional `return()`.
 - [x] `for...in` over own keys of plain objects, arrays, strings, and tool references; other values iterate nothing.
 - [x] Unlabeled `break` and `continue`.
 - [x] `try`, `catch`, optional catch bindings, and `finally`.
@@ -287,7 +287,10 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
 - [x] Ordering: `sort`, `toSorted`, `reverse`, and `toReversed`.
 - [x] Access/copying: `at`, `slice`, `concat`, `flat`, `with`, and `join`.
 - [x] Mutation: `push`, `pop`, `shift`, `unshift`, `splice`, `fill`, and `copyWithin`.
-- [x] Materialized iteration helpers: `keys`, `values`, and `entries` return arrays rather than iterators.
+- [x] `keys`, `values`, `entries`, and `[Symbol.iterator]` (the same function as `values`) return live iterator objects
+      with `next()` and `[Symbol.iterator]`, as in JS. Iterator objects are opaque references: they print as
+      `[opaque reference]`, serialize to `{}`, and cannot be passed to extensions. Every built-in collection iterator
+      shares one prototype, which is only observable through `getPrototypeOf`.
 - [x] `length`, numeric indexing, index assignment, spread, and `for...of`.
 - [x] The `thisArg` argument of `Array.from` is accepted and ignored, like JS arrows.
 - [x] `Array.prototype.toSpliced`.
@@ -302,7 +305,6 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
       separator: JavaScript applies ToIntegerOrInfinity/ToString (including `valueOf`, strings, and `undefined`), the
       interpreter requires numbers and strings; `includes()`/`indexOf()` with no argument should search for
       `undefined`.
-- [ ] Iterator objects from `keys`, `values`, and `entries` with a live `next()`.
 
 ## Strings
 
@@ -314,7 +316,7 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
 - [x] Regular-expression integration: `match`, materialized `matchAll`, `replace`, `replaceAll`, `split`, and `search`.
 - [x] `localeCompare`; locale and options arguments are currently ignored.
 - [x] `isWellFormed` and `toWellFormed`.
-- [x] `toString`, `length`, numeric indexing, spread, and `for...of` by Unicode code point.
+- [x] `toString`, `length`, numeric indexing, spread, `for...of`, and `[Symbol.iterator]` by Unicode code point.
 - [x] Static `String.fromCharCode` and `String.fromCodePoint`.
 - [x] Native argument coercion for supported String methods; for example, `includes(1)` and `slice("1")` coerce like
       native JS, `split(undefined)` returns the whole string, and `includes`/`startsWith`/`endsWith` reject regular
@@ -405,7 +407,8 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
 - [x] Map `get`, `set`, `has`, `delete`, `clear`, `size`, and `forEach`.
 - [x] `new Set()` from synchronous iterables.
 - [x] Set `add`, `has`, `delete`, `clear`, `size`, and `forEach`.
-- [x] Materialized `keys`, `values`, and `entries` arrays for Map and Set.
+- [x] Live `keys`, `values`, `entries`, and `[Symbol.iterator]` iterators for Map and Set; a Set-like operand's `keys()`
+      may return a built-in iterator or an array.
 - [x] Spread, `for...of`, `Array.from`, and `Object.fromEntries` integration.
 - [x] Map and Set values serialize to `{}` at host/JSON boundaries.
 - [x] Set composition and relation methods: `union`, `intersection`, `difference`, `symmetricDifference`, `isSubsetOf`,
@@ -421,7 +424,7 @@ ultimate source of truth. Upstream test262 files run verbatim from `test/test262
 - [x] Writable URL fields except `origin`.
 - [x] `new URLSearchParams()` from query strings, data objects, synchronous iterables of pairs, and URLSearchParams.
 - [x] URLSearchParams `append`, `delete`, `get`, `getAll`, `has`, `set`, `sort`, `forEach`, `keys`, `values`,
-      `entries`, `toString`, and `size`.
+      `entries`, `[Symbol.iterator]`, `toString`, and `size`.
 - [x] URL values serialize to their href; URLSearchParams serialize to `{}`.
 
 ## Uint8Array
@@ -434,7 +437,8 @@ with a hint to encode as text first (`TextDecoder`, `toBase64`, `toHex`).
 - [x] Index reads and writes with JS byte semantics: values wrap modulo 256, out-of-range writes are ignored, indexes
       cannot be deleted. `length` is a prototype accessor, so `Object.keys` lists only indexes.
 - [x] `at`, `slice`, `subarray` (a view on the same bytes), `set`, `fill`, `reverse`, `indexOf`, `lastIndexOf`,
-      `includes`, `join`, `toString`, `toBase64`, `toHex`, and materialized `keys`, `values`, and `entries` arrays.
+      `includes`, `join`, `toString`, `toBase64`, `toHex`, and live `keys`, `values`, `entries`, and `[Symbol.iterator]`
+      iterators.
 - [x] Spread, destructuring, `for...of`, `yield*`, `Array.from`, and `new Set(bytes)`. `Array.isArray` is false.
 - [x] String coercion joins with commas; `JSON.stringify` gives `{"0":1,...}`; `console.log` prints
       `Uint8Array(n) [...]`.
@@ -450,8 +454,8 @@ with a hint to encode as text first (`TextDecoder`, `toBase64`, `toHex`).
       `fatal` and `ignoreBOM` options; `decode` takes a Uint8Array or nothing.
 - [x] `new Headers()` from records, synchronous iterables of pairs, and Headers, wrapping the host's `Headers`: names
       fold to lowercase, values are normalized and combined, and invalid names or values throw a `TypeError`.
-- [x] Headers `append`, `delete`, `get`, `getSetCookie`, `has`, `set`, `forEach`, `keys`, `values`, and `entries`;
-      iteration is live and sorted by name, with `set-cookie` values kept apart.
+- [x] Headers `append`, `delete`, `get`, `getSetCookie`, `has`, `set`, `forEach`, `keys`, `values`, `entries`, and
+      `[Symbol.iterator]`; iteration is live and sorted by name, with `set-cookie` values kept apart.
 - [x] Headers serialize to a `{ name: value }` object in JSON, in results, and in tool arguments.
 - [ ] `Request`, `Response`, and `Blob`.
 - [ ] `crypto.subtle` and `TextDecoder` streaming or non-UTF-8 encodings.

packages/codemode/src/interpreter/extensions.ts

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import {
   DateObj,
   ErrorObj,
   GeneratorObj,
+  IteratorObj,
   MapObj,
   Obj,
   PromiseObj,
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ export const extensionGlobals = <R>(
       !(value instanceof Obj) ||
       value instanceof Callable ||
       value instanceof GeneratorObj ||
+      value instanceof IteratorObj ||
       value instanceof PromiseObj
     ) {
       throw typeError(`${label} contains ${describeValue(value)}, which cannot be passed to an extension.`)

packages/codemode/src/interpreter/globals.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import { regexpGlobal } from "../stdlib/regexp.js"
 import { stringGlobal } from "../stdlib/string.js"
 import { uriGlobal, urlGlobal, urlSearchParamsGlobal } from "../stdlib/url.js"
 import { headersGlobal } from "../stdlib/headers.js"
+import { iteratorGlobals } from "../stdlib/iterator.js"
 import { coercion } from "../stdlib/value.js"
 import { base64Global, cryptoGlobal } from "../stdlib/web.js"
 import { ToolReference } from "../tool-runtime.js"
@@ -101,5 +102,6 @@ export const globalNames: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(Object.keys(table))
 /** The immutable global bindings of every program, in declaration order. */
 export const globals = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>): ReadonlyArray<readonly [string, unknown]> => {
   generatorGlobals(ctx)
+  iteratorGlobals(ctx)
   return Object.entries(table).map(([name, factory]) => [name, factory(ctx)] as const)
 }

packages/codemode/src/interpreter/interpreter.ts

@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ import {
   DateObj,
   Fn,
   GeneratorObj,
+  IteratorObj,
   MapObj,
   Obj,
   PromiseObj,
@@ -650,8 +651,8 @@ class Frame<R> {
       if (declared?.lexical) self.predeclarePattern(declared.pattern, declared.mutable, left)
       const right = yield* self.evaluateExpression(node.right)
 
-      const iterator = yield* self.customIterator(right, node, awaiting)
-      const cursor = iterator === undefined ? yield* self.iterate(right, node) : undefined
+      const cursor = self.hostCursor(right)
+      const iterator = cursor === undefined ? yield* self.customIterator(right, node, awaiting) : undefined
       if (iterator === undefined && cursor === undefined) {
         throw invalidData(
           `${awaiting ? "for await...of" : "for...of"} requires an array, string, Map, Set, URLSearchParams, or Headers, or custom iterator value.`,
@@ -746,6 +747,20 @@ class Frame<R> {
   }
 
   iterate(value: unknown, node?: AstNode) {
+    const cursor = this.hostCursor(value)
+    if (cursor !== undefined) return Effect.succeed(cursor)
+    const self = this
+    return Effect.map(this.customIterator(value, node, false), (iterator) =>
+      iterator === undefined
+        ? undefined
+        : {
+            next: self.nextIteratorResult(iterator, node, false),
+            close: Effect.suspend(() => self.closeIterator(iterator, node, false)),
+          },
+    )
+  }
+
+  private hostCursor(value: unknown) {
     const iterator =
       value instanceof Arr
         ? value.items[Symbol.iterator]()
@@ -761,29 +776,21 @@ class Frame<R> {
                   ? value.headers.entries()
                   : value instanceof Bytes
                     ? value.bytes.values()
-                    : undefined
-    if (iterator !== undefined) {
-      const proto = this.ctx.builtins.Array
-      return Effect.succeed({
-        next: Effect.sync(() => {
-          const step = iterator.next()
-          return {
-            done: Boolean(step.done),
-            value: Array.isArray(step.value) ? new Arr(proto, step.value) : step.value,
-          }
-        }),
-        close: Effect.void,
-      })
+                    : value instanceof IteratorObj
+                      ? value.iterator
+                      : undefined
+    if (iterator === undefined) return undefined
+    const proto = this.ctx.builtins.Array
+    return {
+      next: Effect.sync(() => {
+        const step = iterator.next()
+        return {
+          done: Boolean(step.done),
+          value: Array.isArray(step.value) ? new Arr(proto, step.value) : step.value,
+        }
+      }),
+      close: Effect.void,
     }
-    const self = this
-    return Effect.map(this.customIterator(value, node, false), (iterator) =>
-      iterator === undefined
-        ? undefined
-        : {
-            next: self.nextIteratorResult(iterator, node, false),
-            close: Effect.suspend(() => self.closeIterator(iterator, node, false)),
-          },
-    )
   }
 
   private customIterator(value: unknown, node: AstNode | undefined, allowAsync = true) {

packages/codemode/src/interpreter/objects.ts

@@ -122,6 +122,16 @@ export class GeneratorObj extends Obj {
   }
 }
 
+/** A built-in collection iterator: live over the host collection, yielding program values. */
+export class IteratorObj extends Obj {
+  constructor(
+    proto: Obj,
+    readonly iterator: IteratorObject<unknown>,
+  ) {
+    super(proto)
+  }
+}
+
 export class DateObj extends Obj {
   constructor(
     proto: Obj,

packages/codemode/src/interpreter/references.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   Bytes,
   DateObj,
   GeneratorObj,
+  IteratorObj,
   MapObj,
   Obj,
   PromiseObj,
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ import {
 export const isRuntimeReference = (value: unknown): boolean =>
   value instanceof Callable ||
   value instanceof GeneratorObj ||
+  value instanceof IteratorObj ||
   value instanceof ToolReference ||
   value instanceof PromiseObj ||
   isWrapper(value)
@@ -89,6 +91,7 @@ export const describeValue = (value: unknown): string => {
   if (value instanceof HeadersObj) return "a Headers"
   if (value instanceof Bytes) return "a Uint8Array"
   if (value instanceof GeneratorObj) return "a generator"
+  if (value instanceof IteratorObj) return "an iterator"
   if (isRuntimeReference(value)) return "a function"
   if (typeof value === "object") return "a data object"
   return `a ${typeof value}`

packages/codemode/src/stdlib/array.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { constructor, type Method, methods, prototypeFrom, receiver } from "../interpreter/native.js"
 import { checkArrayLength, checkStringLength, MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH } from "../interpreter/limits.js"
-import { invalidData, rangeError, typeError } from "../interpreter/model.js"
-import { get, Arr, GeneratorObj, Obj } from "../interpreter/objects.js"
+import { invalidData, IteratorSymbol, rangeError, typeError } from "../interpreter/model.js"
+import { define, get, hidden, Arr, GeneratorObj, IteratorObj, Obj } from "../interpreter/objects.js"
 import { describeValue, rejectCircularInsertion } from "../interpreter/references.js"
 import { applyCollectionCallback, preserveConsumerError } from "../interpreter/callback.js"
 import type { Interpreter } from "../interpreter/interpreter.js"
@@ -340,13 +340,18 @@ export const arrayGlobal = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>) => {
         return target
       },
     ],
-    ["keys", 0, (thisValue) => wrap(Array.from(self(thisValue, "keys").items.keys()))],
-    ["values", 0, (thisValue) => wrap([...self(thisValue, "values").items])],
+    ["keys", 0, (thisValue) => new IteratorObj(builtins.Iterator, self(thisValue, "keys").items.keys())],
+    ["values", 0, (thisValue) => new IteratorObj(builtins.Iterator, self(thisValue, "values").items.values())],
     [
       "entries",
       0,
       (thisValue) =>
-        wrap(Array.from(self(thisValue, "entries").items.entries(), ([index, item]) => wrap([index, item]))),
+        new IteratorObj(
+          builtins.Iterator,
+          self(thisValue, "entries")
+            .items.entries()
+            .map(([index, item]) => wrap([index, item])),
+        ),
     ],
     iterate("map", 1, (target, receiver, apply) =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -490,5 +495,6 @@ export const arrayGlobal = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>) => {
       }),
     ),
   ])
+  define(proto, IteratorSymbol, get(proto, "values"), hidden)
   return array
 }

packages/codemode/src/stdlib/bytes.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { checkArrayLength, checkStringLength } from "../interpreter/limits.js"
 import { constructor, methods, prototypeFrom, receiver, requiresNew } from "../interpreter/native.js"
-import { rangeError, syntaxError, typeError } from "../interpreter/model.js"
-import { defineAccessor, get, Arr, Bytes, Obj } from "../interpreter/objects.js"
+import { IteratorSymbol, rangeError, syntaxError, typeError } from "../interpreter/model.js"
+import { define, defineAccessor, get, hidden, Arr, Bytes, IteratorObj, Obj } from "../interpreter/objects.js"
 import { describeValue } from "../interpreter/references.js"
 import type { Interpreter } from "../interpreter/interpreter.js"
 import { coerceToNumber, coerceToString } from "./value.js"
@@ -173,15 +173,21 @@ export const uint8ArrayGlobal = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>) => {
     ["toString", 0, (thisValue) => self(thisValue, "toString").bytes.join(",")],
     ["toBase64", 0, (thisValue) => self(thisValue, "toBase64").bytes.toBase64()],
     ["toHex", 0, (thisValue) => self(thisValue, "toHex").bytes.toHex()],
-    ["keys", 0, (thisValue) => wrapAll(Array.from(self(thisValue, "keys").bytes.keys()))],
-    ["values", 0, (thisValue) => wrapAll(Array.from(self(thisValue, "values").bytes.values()))],
+    ["keys", 0, (thisValue) => new IteratorObj(builtins.Iterator, self(thisValue, "keys").bytes.keys())],
+    ["values", 0, (thisValue) => new IteratorObj(builtins.Iterator, self(thisValue, "values").bytes.values())],
     [
       "entries",
       0,
       (thisValue) =>
-        wrapAll(Array.from(self(thisValue, "entries").bytes.entries(), ([index, byte]) => wrapAll([index, byte]))),
+        new IteratorObj(
+          builtins.Iterator,
+          self(thisValue, "entries")
+            .bytes.entries()
+            .map(([index, byte]) => wrapAll([index, byte])),
+        ),
     ],
   ])
+  define(proto, IteratorSymbol, get(proto, "values"), hidden)
   return uint8Array
 }
 

packages/codemode/src/stdlib/collections.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { constructor, fn, type Method, methods, prototypeFrom, receiver, requiresNew } from "../interpreter/native.js"
-import { invalidData, typeError } from "../interpreter/model.js"
+import { invalidData, IteratorSymbol, typeError } from "../interpreter/model.js"
 import {
   define,
   defineAccessor,
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   hidden,
   isWrapper,
   Arr,
+  IteratorObj,
   MapObj,
   Obj,
   PromiseObj,
@@ -153,12 +154,18 @@ export const mapGlobal = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>) => {
         return undefined
       },
     ],
-    ["keys", 0, (thisValue) => wrap(Array.from(self(thisValue, "keys").map.keys()))],
-    ["values", 0, (thisValue) => wrap(Array.from(self(thisValue, "values").map.values()))],
+    ["keys", 0, (thisValue) => new IteratorObj(builtins.Iterator, self(thisValue, "keys").map.keys())],
+    ["values", 0, (thisValue) => new IteratorObj(builtins.Iterator, self(thisValue, "values").map.values())],
     [
       "entries",
       0,
-      (thisValue) => wrap(Array.from(self(thisValue, "entries").map.entries(), ([key, item]) => wrap([key, item]))),
+      (thisValue) =>
+        new IteratorObj(
+          builtins.Iterator,
+          self(thisValue, "entries")
+            .map.entries()
+            .map(([key, item]) => wrap([key, item])),
+        ),
     ],
     [
       "forEach",
@@ -173,6 +180,7 @@ export const mapGlobal = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>) => {
       },
     ],
   ])
+  define(proto, IteratorSymbol, get(proto, "entries"), hidden)
   return map
 }
 
@@ -218,7 +226,8 @@ const loadSetRecord = <R>(
       size: Math.max(Math.trunc(size), 0),
       has: (item: unknown) => Effect.map(ctx.call(has, source, [item]), Boolean),
       keys: () =>
-        Effect.flatMap(ctx.call(keys, source, []), (result) => {
+        Effect.flatMap(ctx.call(keys, source, []), (result): Effect.Effect<Iterable<unknown>> => {
+          if (result instanceof IteratorObj) return Effect.succeed(result.iterator)
           if (result instanceof Arr) return Effect.succeed(result.items)
           throw typeError(`Set.${name} expected 'keys' to return an iterator.`)
         }),
@@ -338,12 +347,18 @@ export const setGlobal = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>) => {
         return undefined
       },
     ],
-    ["keys", 0, (thisValue) => wrap(Array.from(self(thisValue, "keys").set.values()))],
-    ["values", 0, (thisValue) => wrap(Array.from(self(thisValue, "values").set.values()))],
+    ["keys", 0, (thisValue) => new IteratorObj(builtins.Iterator, self(thisValue, "keys").set.values())],
+    ["values", 0, (thisValue) => new IteratorObj(builtins.Iterator, self(thisValue, "values").set.values())],
     [
       "entries",
       0,
-      (thisValue) => wrap(Array.from(self(thisValue, "entries").set.values(), (item) => wrap([item, item]))),
+      (thisValue) =>
+        new IteratorObj(
+          builtins.Iterator,
+          self(thisValue, "entries")
+            .set.values()
+            .map((item) => wrap([item, item])),
+        ),
     ],
     [
       "forEach",
@@ -365,5 +380,6 @@ export const setGlobal = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>) => {
     operation("isSupersetOf"),
     operation("isDisjointFrom"),
   ])
+  define(proto, IteratorSymbol, get(proto, "values"), hidden)
   return set
 }

packages/codemode/src/stdlib/headers.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { constructor, methods, prototypeFrom, receiver, requiresNew } from "../interpreter/native.js"
-import { typeError } from "../interpreter/model.js"
-import { entries, Arr, HeadersObj, Obj } from "../interpreter/objects.js"
+import { IteratorSymbol, typeError } from "../interpreter/model.js"
+import { define, entries, get, hidden, Arr, HeadersObj, IteratorObj, Obj } from "../interpreter/objects.js"
 import { applyCollectionCallback } from "../interpreter/callback.js"
 import { isRuntimeReference } from "../interpreter/references.js"
 import type { Interpreter } from "../interpreter/interpreter.js"
@@ -93,13 +93,25 @@ export const headersGlobal = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>) => {
         return attempt(() => target.set(arg(args, 0), arg(args, 1)))
       },
     ],
-    ["keys", 0, (thisValue) => wrap(Array.from(self(thisValue, "keys").headers.keys()))],
-    ["values", 0, (thisValue) => wrap(Array.from(self(thisValue, "values").headers.values()))],
+    // Iterator.from because Bun's Headers typings predate iterator helpers; the runtime iterators already have them.
+    [
+      "keys",
+      0,
+      (thisValue) => new IteratorObj(builtins.Iterator, Iterator.from(self(thisValue, "keys").headers.keys())),
+    ],
+    [
+      "values",
+      0,
+      (thisValue) => new IteratorObj(builtins.Iterator, Iterator.from(self(thisValue, "values").headers.values())),
+    ],
     [
       "entries",
       0,
       (thisValue) =>
-        wrap(Array.from(self(thisValue, "entries").headers.entries(), ([key, value]) => wrap([key, value]))),
+        new IteratorObj(
+          builtins.Iterator,
+          Iterator.from(self(thisValue, "entries").headers.entries()).map(([key, value]) => wrap([key, value])),
+        ),
     ],
     [
       "forEach",
@@ -115,5 +127,6 @@ export const headersGlobal = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>) => {
       },
     ],
   ])
+  define(proto, IteratorSymbol, get(proto, "entries"), hidden)
   return headers
 }

packages/codemode/src/stdlib/iterator.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import { methods, receiver } from "../interpreter/native.js"
+import { IteratorObj, record } from "../interpreter/objects.js"
+import type { Interpreter } from "../interpreter/interpreter.js"
+
+// Every built-in collection iterator shares the Iterator prototype; JS gives each collection its own, which is only
+// observable through getPrototypeOf.
+export const iteratorGlobals = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>): void => {
+  const builtins = ctx.builtins
+  methods(builtins, builtins.Iterator, [
+    [
+      "next",
+      0,
+      (thisValue) => {
+        const step = receiver(IteratorObj, thisValue, "Iterator.prototype.next").iterator.next()
+        return record(builtins.Object, { value: step.value, done: Boolean(step.done) })
+      },
+    ],
+  ])
+}

packages/codemode/src/stdlib/string.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { constructor, type Method, methods } from "../interpreter/native.js"
+import { constructor, fn, type Method, methods } from "../interpreter/native.js"
 import { checkArrayLength, checkStringLength } from "../interpreter/limits.js"
-import { invalidData, rangeError, typeError } from "../interpreter/model.js"
-import { Arr, PromiseObj, RegExpObj, record } from "../interpreter/objects.js"
+import { invalidData, IteratorSymbol, rangeError, typeError } from "../interpreter/model.js"
+import { define, hidden, Arr, IteratorObj, PromiseObj, RegExpObj, record } from "../interpreter/objects.js"
 import { containsOpaqueReference, typeofValue } from "../interpreter/references.js"
 import { applyCollectionCallback, isSupportedCallback } from "../interpreter/callback.js"
 import type { Interpreter } from "../interpreter/interpreter.js"
@@ -258,5 +258,16 @@ export const stringGlobal = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>) => {
       return joined
     }),
   ])
+  define(
+    builtins.String,
+    IteratorSymbol,
+    fn(
+      builtins,
+      "[Symbol.iterator]",
+      0,
+      (thisValue) => new IteratorObj(builtins.Iterator, self(thisValue, "[Symbol.iterator]")[Symbol.iterator]()),
+    ),
+    hidden,
+  )
   return string
 }

packages/codemode/src/stdlib/url.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,19 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { constructor, fn, type Method, methods, prototypeFrom, receiver, requiresNew } from "../interpreter/native.js"
-import { PendingThrow, typeError, uriError } from "../interpreter/model.js"
-import { defineAccessor, entries, isWrapper, Arr, Obj, URLObj, URLSearchParamsObj } from "../interpreter/objects.js"
+import { IteratorSymbol, PendingThrow, typeError, uriError } from "../interpreter/model.js"
+import {
+  define,
+  defineAccessor,
+  entries,
+  get,
+  hidden,
+  isWrapper,
+  Arr,
+  IteratorObj,
+  Obj,
+  URLObj,
+  URLSearchParamsObj,
+} from "../interpreter/objects.js"
 import { isRuntimeReference } from "../interpreter/references.js"
 import { applyCollectionCallback, preserveConsumerError } from "../interpreter/callback.js"
 import type { Interpreter } from "../interpreter/interpreter.js"
@@ -258,13 +270,18 @@ export const urlSearchParamsGlobal = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>) => {
         return undefined
       },
     ],
-    ["keys", 0, (thisValue) => wrap(Array.from(self(thisValue, "keys").params.keys()))],
-    ["values", 0, (thisValue) => wrap(Array.from(self(thisValue, "values").params.values()))],
+    ["keys", 0, (thisValue) => new IteratorObj(builtins.Iterator, self(thisValue, "keys").params.keys())],
+    ["values", 0, (thisValue) => new IteratorObj(builtins.Iterator, self(thisValue, "values").params.values())],
     [
       "entries",
       0,
       (thisValue) =>
-        wrap(Array.from(self(thisValue, "entries").params.entries(), ([key, value]) => wrap([key, value]))),
+        new IteratorObj(
+          builtins.Iterator,
+          self(thisValue, "entries")
+            .params.entries()
+            .map(([key, value]) => wrap([key, value])),
+        ),
     ],
     ["toString", 0, (thisValue) => self(thisValue, "toString").params.toString()],
     [
@@ -281,5 +298,6 @@ export const urlSearchParamsGlobal = <R>(ctx: Interpreter<R>) => {
       },
     ],
   ])
+  define(proto, IteratorSymbol, get(proto, "entries"), hidden)
   return searchParams
 }

packages/codemode/test/array-core-test262.test.ts

@@ -298,21 +298,18 @@ const cases = [
   },
   {
     path: "test/built-ins/Array/prototype/keys/iteration.js",
-    code: `return ["a", "b", "c"].keys()`,
-    expected: [0, 1, 2],
+    code: `const it = ["a", "b", "c"].keys(); return [it.next(), it.next(), it.next(), it.next()]`,
+    expected: [{ value: 0, done: false }, { value: 1, done: false }, { value: 2, done: false }, { done: true }],
   },
   {
     path: "test/built-ins/Array/prototype/values/iteration.js",
-    code: `return ["a", "b", "c"].values()`,
-    expected: ["a", "b", "c"],
+    code: `const it = ["a", "b", "c"].values(); return [it.next(), it.next(), it.next(), it.next()]`,
+    expected: [{ value: "a", done: false }, { value: "b", done: false }, { value: "c", done: false }, { done: true }],
   },
   {
     path: "test/built-ins/Array/prototype/entries/iteration.js",
-    code: `return ["a", "b"].entries()`,
-    expected: [
-      [0, "a"],
-      [1, "b"],
-    ],
+    code: `const it = ["a", "b"].entries(); return [it.next(), it.next(), it.next()]`,
+    expected: [{ value: [0, "a"], done: false }, { value: [1, "b"], done: false }, { done: true }],
   },
   {
     path: "test/built-ins/Array/isArray/15.4.3.2-0-3.js",

packages/codemode/test/extensions.test.ts

@@ -220,8 +220,9 @@ describe("values are converted at the boundary, never shared", () => {
     expect(held[1]).toBeInstanceOf(Error)
   })
 
-  test("functions, promises, and symbols cannot be passed in", async () => {
+  test("functions, promises, iterators, and symbols cannot be passed in", async () => {
     expect((await failure(`keep(() => 1)`)).message).toContain("Argument 1 to keep contains a function")
+    expect((await failure(`keep([1].keys())`)).message).toContain("Argument 1 to keep contains an iterator")
     expect((await failure(`keep(later(1))`)).message).toContain("un-awaited Promise")
     expect((await failure(`keep(Symbol.iterator)`)).message).toContain("Argument 1 to keep contains a symbol")
   })

packages/codemode/test/groupby-test262.test.ts

@@ -122,10 +122,10 @@ describe("Map.groupBy Test262 parity", () => {
           grouped.get(1),
           grouped.get("1"),
           grouped.has(stringable),
-          grouped.keys().length,
+          [...grouped.keys()].length,
           parity.get("even"),
           parity.get("odd"),
-          lengths.keys(),
+          [...lengths.keys()],
           lengths.get(5),
           lengths.get(4),
         ]
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ describe("Map.groupBy Test262 parity", () => {
       await value(`
         const grouped = Map.groupBy("🥰💩🙏😈", (char) => char < "🙏" ? "before" : "after")
         const empty = Map.groupBy([], () => { throw new Error("not called") })
-        return [grouped.keys(), grouped.get("before"), grouped.get("after"), empty.size]
+        return [[...grouped.keys()], grouped.get("before"), grouped.get("after"), empty.size]
       `),
     ).toEqual([["after", "before"], ["💩", "😈"], ["🥰", "🙏"], 0])
   })

packages/codemode/test/parity.test.ts

@@ -502,9 +502,9 @@ describe("CodeMode-specific array behavior", () => {
     expect(err.message).toContain("circular")
   })
 
-  test("keys/values/entries return arrays usable with for...of and spread", async () => {
+  test("keys/values/entries return iterators usable with for...of and spread", async () => {
     expect(await value(`return [...["x","y","z"].keys()]`)).toEqual([0, 1, 2])
-    expect(await value(`return ["x","y"].values()`)).toEqual(["x", "y"])
+    expect(await value(`return [...["x","y"].values()]`)).toEqual(["x", "y"])
     expect(
       await value(`
       const out = []

packages/codemode/test/set-methods-test262.test.ts

@@ -198,10 +198,10 @@ describe("Set composition Test262 parity", () => {
           keys: () => [-0],
         }
         return [
-          1 / new Set([1]).union(setlike).values()[1] === Infinity,
-          1 / new Set([0, 1, 2]).intersection(setlike).values()[0] === Infinity,
+          1 / [...new Set([1]).union(setlike)][1] === Infinity,
+          1 / [...new Set([0, 1, 2]).intersection(setlike)][0] === Infinity,
           [...new Set([0, 1]).difference(setlike)],
-          1 / new Set([1, 2]).symmetricDifference(setlike).values()[2] === Infinity,
+          1 / [...new Set([1, 2]).symmetricDifference(setlike)][2] === Infinity,
         ]
       `),
     ).toEqual([true, true, [1], true])

packages/codemode/test/stdlib.test.ts

@@ -655,9 +655,9 @@ describe("Headers", () => {
           copied: [headers.get("content-type"), copy.get("content-type")],
           pairs: [...new Headers([["b", "2"], ["A", "1"]])],
           map: [...new Headers(new Map([["k", "v"]]))],
-          keys: headers.keys(),
-          values: headers.values(),
-          entries: headers.entries(),
+          keys: [...headers.keys()],
+          values: [...headers.values()],
+          entries: [...headers.entries()],
         }
       `),
     ).toEqual({
@@ -816,18 +816,28 @@ describe("Map", () => {
     expect((await error(`return new Map(["flat"])`)).message).toMatch(/\[key, value\] pairs/)
   })
 
-  test("keys/values/entries return arrays", async () => {
+  test("keys/values/entries return live iterators", async () => {
     expect(
       await value(`
       const m = new Map([["a", 1], ["b", 2]])
-      return { keys: m.keys(), values: m.values(), entries: m.entries() }
+      const keys = m.keys()
+      const first = keys.next()
+      m.set("c", 3)
+      return { first, rest: [...keys], values: [...m.values()], entries: [...m.entries()], same: [...m[Symbol.iterator]()] }
     `),
     ).toEqual({
-      keys: ["a", "b"],
-      values: [1, 2],
+      first: { value: "a", done: false },
+      rest: ["b", "c"],
+      values: [1, 2, 3],
       entries: [
         ["a", 1],
         ["b", 2],
+        ["c", 3],
+      ],
+      same: [
+        ["a", 1],
+        ["b", 2],
+        ["c", 3],
       ],
     })
   })
@@ -1119,6 +1129,108 @@ describe("TextEncoder and TextDecoder", () => {
   })
 })
 
+describe("built-in iterators", () => {
+  test("keys/values/entries and [Symbol.iterator] step with next() and stay live", async () => {
+    expect(
+      await value(`
+        const items = ["a"]
+        const it = items.entries()
+        items.push("b")
+        const steps = [it.next(), it.next(), it.next()]
+        items.push("c")
+        return { steps, after: it.next(), same: items[Symbol.iterator] === items.values }
+      `),
+    ).toEqual({
+      steps: [{ value: [0, "a"], done: false }, { value: [1, "b"], done: false }, { done: true }],
+      after: { done: true },
+      same: true,
+    })
+    expect(
+      await value(`
+        const s = new Set([1, 2])
+        const u = new URLSearchParams("a=1&b=2")
+        const h = new Headers({ b: "2", a: "1" })
+        const bytes = new Uint8Array([7, 8])
+        return [
+          [...s.entries()], [...s[Symbol.iterator]()], s[Symbol.iterator] === s.values,
+          [...u.keys()], [...u[Symbol.iterator]()], u[Symbol.iterator] === u.entries,
+          [...h.values()], [...h[Symbol.iterator]()], h[Symbol.iterator] === h.entries,
+          [...bytes.entries()], [...bytes[Symbol.iterator]()], bytes[Symbol.iterator] === bytes.values,
+          [..."ab"[Symbol.iterator]()],
+        ]
+      `),
+    ).toEqual([
+      [
+        [1, 1],
+        [2, 2],
+      ],
+      [1, 2],
+      true,
+      ["a", "b"],
+      [
+        ["a", "1"],
+        ["b", "2"],
+      ],
+      true,
+      ["1", "2"],
+      [
+        ["a", "1"],
+        ["b", "2"],
+      ],
+      true,
+      [
+        [0, 7],
+        [1, 8],
+      ],
+      [7, 8],
+      true,
+      ["a", "b"],
+    ])
+  })
+
+  test("iterators are consumed once by every iteration site", async () => {
+    expect(
+      await value(`
+        const it = [1, 2, 3, 4].values()
+        const picked = []
+        for (const item of it) { picked.push(item); if (item === 2) break }
+        const [third] = it
+        return { picked, third, rest: [...it], spent: Array.from(it), again: it[Symbol.iterator]() === it }
+      `),
+    ).toEqual({ picked: [1, 2], third: 3, rest: [4], spent: [], again: true })
+    expect(
+      await value(`
+        const m = new Map([["a", 1], ["b", 2]])
+        return [
+          Object.fromEntries(m.entries()), Array.from(m.keys(), (k) => k + "!"), new Set(m.values()).size,
+          await Promise.all([Promise.resolve(1), 2].values()),
+        ]
+      `),
+    ).toEqual([{ a: 1, b: 2 }, ["a!", "b!"], 2, [1, 2]])
+    expect(await value(`let s = 0; for await (const v of [Promise.resolve(1), 2].values()) s += v; return s`)).toBe(3)
+    expect(
+      await value(`return new Set([1, 2]).union({ size: 1, has: () => false, keys: () => new Set([3]).keys() })`),
+    ).toEqual([1, 2, 3])
+  })
+
+  test("iterators are opaque references", async () => {
+    expect(await value(`return [1].keys()`)).toEqual({})
+    expect(await value(`return JSON.stringify({ it: [1].keys() })`)).toBe('{"it":{}}')
+    expect(await value(`return [typeof [1].keys(), Array.isArray([1].keys()), Object.keys([1].keys())]`)).toEqual([
+      "object",
+      false,
+      [],
+    ])
+    const logged = await run(`console.log([1].keys()); return null`)
+    expect(logged.logs?.[0]).toBe("[opaque reference]")
+    expect((await error(`return [1].keys() + ""`)).message).toContain("Binary operators require data values")
+    expect((await error(`return [1].keys().next.call({})`)).message).toContain("is not a function")
+    expect((await error(`const it = [1].keys(); const next = it.next; return next()`)).message).toContain(
+      "Iterator.prototype.next called on incompatible receiver undefined",
+    )
+  })
+})
+
 describe("stdlib integration", () => {
   test("constructor follows own keys, shadowing, writes, and new", async () => {
     expect(

packages/codemode/test/test262/skipped.txt

@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@ built-ins/Array/prototype/copyWithin/coerced-values-target.js  # Array.copyWithi
 built-ins/Array/prototype/copyWithin/return-abrupt-from-end.js  # Expected a Test262Error but got a TypeError
 built-ins/Array/prototype/copyWithin/return-abrupt-from-start.js  # Expected a Test262Error but got a TypeError
 built-ins/Array/prototype/copyWithin/return-abrupt-from-target.js  # Expected a Test262Error but got a TypeError
-built-ins/Array/prototype/entries/iteration-mutable.js  # .next is not a function.
-built-ins/Array/prototype/entries/iteration.js  # .next is not a function.
 built-ins/Array/prototype/every/15.4.4.16-7-6.js  # res Expected SameValue(«true», «false») to be true
 built-ins/Array/prototype/every/15.4.4.16-7-c-i-8.js  # [, , , ].every(callbackfn) Expected SameValue(«true», «false») to be true
 built-ins/Array/prototype/every/15.4.4.16-8-10.js  # … cannot be constructed: user-defined constructors and classes are not supported. Call it as a funct
@@ -86,8 +84,6 @@ built-ins/Array/prototype/join/S15.4.4.5_A3.1_T2.js  # Array.join expects zero a
 built-ins/Array/prototype/join/S15.4.4.5_A3.2_T2.js  # x.join() must return "*" Expected SameValue(«"[object Object]"», «"*"») to be true
 built-ins/Array/prototype/join/S15.4.4.5_A4_T3.js  # Array.prototype.join called on incompatible receiver a data object.
 built-ins/Array/prototype/join/S15.4.4.5_A5_T1.js  # #1: Array.prototype[1] = 1; x = [0]; x.length = 2; x.join() === "0,1". Actual: 0,
-built-ins/Array/prototype/keys/iteration-mutable.js  # .next is not a function.
-built-ins/Array/prototype/keys/iteration.js  # .next is not a function.
 built-ins/Array/prototype/lastIndexOf/15.4.4.15-5-1.js  # Array.lastIndexOf expects start index to be a number.
 built-ins/Array/prototype/lastIndexOf/15.4.4.15-5-15.js  # Array.lastIndexOf expects start index to be a number.
 built-ins/Array/prototype/lastIndexOf/15.4.4.15-5-16.js  # Array.lastIndexOf expects start index to be a number.
@@ -241,9 +237,6 @@ built-ins/Array/prototype/unshift/S15.4.4.13_A2_T3.js  # Array.prototype.unshift
 built-ins/Array/prototype/unshift/S15.4.4.13_A3_T2.js  # Array.prototype.unshift called on incompatible receiver a data object.
 built-ins/Array/prototype/unshift/S15.4.4.13_A4_T1.js  # Array.prototype.unshift called on incompatible receiver a data object.
 built-ins/Array/prototype/unshift/S15.4.4.13_A4_T2.js  # #3: Array.prototype[0] = 1; x = []; x.length = 1; x.unshift(0); x[1] === 1. Actual: undefined
-built-ins/Array/prototype/values/iteration-mutable.js  # .next is not a function.
-built-ins/Array/prototype/values/iteration.js  # .next is not a function.
-language/statements/async-function/rest-params-trailing-comma-early-error.js  # expected SyntaxError but the program ran
 language/statements/async-generator/dflt-params-abrupt.js  # Expected a Test262Error to be thrown but no exception was thrown at all
 language/statements/async-generator/dflt-params-ref-later.js  # Expected a ReferenceError to be thrown but no exception was thrown at all
 language/statements/async-generator/dflt-params-ref-self.js  # Expected a ReferenceError to be thrown but no exception was thrown at all
@@ -291,16 +284,13 @@ language/statements/async-generator/dstr/obj-ptrn-prop-id-init-throws.js  # Expe
 language/statements/async-generator/dstr/obj-ptrn-prop-id-init-unresolvable.js  # Expected a ReferenceError to be thrown but no exception was thrown at all
 language/statements/async-generator/dstr/obj-ptrn-prop-obj-value-null.js  # Expected a TypeError to be thrown but no exception was thrown at all
 language/statements/async-generator/dstr/obj-ptrn-prop-obj-value-undef.js  # Expected a TypeError to be thrown but no exception was thrown at all
-language/statements/async-generator/rest-params-trailing-comma-early-error.js  # expected SyntaxError but the program ran
 language/statements/async-generator/return-undefined-implicit-and-explicit.js  # Actual ["tick 1", "tick 2", "g1 ret", "g2 ret", "g3 ret", "g4 ret"] and expected ["tick 1", "g1 ret"
 language/statements/const/dstr/ary-init-iter-get-err-array-prototype.js  # Expected a TypeError to be thrown but no exception was thrown at all
-language/statements/for-await-of/async-func-decl-dstr-array-elem-init-in.js  # Failed to parse TypeScript: '…' expected.
 language/statements/for-await-of/async-func-decl-dstr-obj-empty-bool.js  # TypeError: Object destructuring requires a data object or array value, received a boolean.
 language/statements/for-await-of/async-func-decl-dstr-obj-empty-num.js  # TypeError: Object destructuring requires a data object or array value, received a number.
 language/statements/for-await-of/async-func-decl-dstr-obj-empty-string.js  # TypeError: Object destructuring requires a data object or array value, received a string.
 language/statements/for-await-of/async-func-decl-dstr-obj-rest-number.js  # TypeError: Object destructuring requires a data object or array value, received a number.
 language/statements/for-await-of/async-func-decl-dstr-obj-rest-str-val.js  # TypeError: Object destructuring requires a data object or array value, received a string.
-language/statements/for-await-of/async-gen-decl-dstr-array-elem-init-in.js  # Failed to parse TypeScript: '…' expected.
 language/statements/for-await-of/async-gen-decl-dstr-array-elem-iter-rtrn-close-null.js  # "Promise incorrectly fulfilled."
 language/statements/for-await-of/async-gen-decl-dstr-obj-empty-bool.js  # TypeError: Object destructuring requires a data object or array value, received a boolean.
 language/statements/for-await-of/async-gen-decl-dstr-obj-empty-num.js  # TypeError: Object destructuring requires a data object or array value, received a number.
@@ -308,8 +298,6 @@ language/statements/for-await-of/async-gen-decl-dstr-obj-empty-string.js  # Type
 language/statements/for-await-of/async-gen-decl-dstr-obj-rest-number.js  # TypeError: Object destructuring requires a data object or array value, received a number.
 language/statements/for-await-of/async-gen-decl-dstr-obj-rest-str-val.js  # TypeError: Object destructuring requires a data object or array value, received a string.
 language/statements/for-in/head-lhs-member.js  # Unsupported for...in binding.
-language/statements/for-of/Array.prototype.Symbol.iterator.js  # The called value is not a function.
-language/statements/for-of/dstr/array-elem-init-in.js  # Failed to parse TypeScript: '…' expected.
 language/statements/for-of/dstr/array-elem-iter-rtrn-close-err.js  # Iterator next must be a function.
 language/statements/for-of/dstr/array-elem-iter-rtrn-close-null.js  # Expected a TypeError to be thrown but no exception was thrown at all
 language/statements/for-of/dstr/array-elem-iter-thrw-close-err.js  # Expected SameValue(«1», «0») to be true
@@ -355,7 +343,6 @@ language/statements/function/S14_A5_T1.js  # Identifier '…' has already been d
 language/statements/function/S14_A5_T2.js  # Identifier '…' has already been declared.
 language/statements/function/dstr/ary-init-iter-get-err-array-prototype.js  # Expected a TypeError to be thrown but no exception was thrown at all
 language/statements/function/dstr/dflt-ary-init-iter-get-err-array-prototype.js  # Expected a TypeError to be thrown but no exception was thrown at all
-language/statements/function/rest-params-trailing-comma-early-error.js  # expected SyntaxError but the program ran
 language/statements/generators/dflt-params-abrupt.js  # Expected a Test262Error to be thrown but no exception was thrown at all
 language/statements/generators/dflt-params-ref-later.js  # Expected a ReferenceError to be thrown but no exception was thrown at all
 language/statements/generators/dflt-params-ref-self.js  # Expected a ReferenceError to be thrown but no exception was thrown at all
@@ -406,8 +393,6 @@ language/statements/generators/dstr/obj-ptrn-prop-obj-value-undef.js  # Expected
 language/statements/generators/has-instance.js  # The right-hand side of '…' has no '…' object.
 language/statements/generators/prototype-typeof.js  # Expected SameValue(«"undefined"», «"object"») to be true
 language/statements/generators/prototype-uniqueness.js  # Expected true but got false
-language/statements/generators/rest-params-trailing-comma-early-error.js  # expected SyntaxError but the program ran
-language/statements/labeled/value-await-non-module-escaped.js  # Failed to parse TypeScript: Keywords cannot contain escape characters.
 language/statements/labeled/value-await-non-module.js  # Failed to parse TypeScript: Expression expected.
 language/statements/let/dstr/ary-init-iter-get-err-array-prototype.js  # Expected a TypeError to be thrown but no exception was thrown at all
 language/statements/return/S12.9_A1_T1.js  # expected SyntaxError but the program ran

packages/codemode/test/web-wpt.test.ts

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
  * Copyright © web-platform-tests contributors. Governed by the 3-Clause BSD license in LICENSE.wpt.
  *
  * `assert_throws_dom("InvalidCharacterError", …)` becomes a check for a TypeError: CodeMode has no DOMException.
- * Headers cases that need `Symbol.iterator`, iterator objects from `keys()`/`values()`/`entries()` (CodeMode returns
- * arrays), or a custom iterator on a Headers instance are left out.
+ * `checkIteratorProperties` (prototype chain and property descriptors) and the custom iterator on a Headers
+ * instance are left out.
  */
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
@@ -253,33 +253,64 @@ describe("Headers WPT parity (fetch/api/headers)", () => {
         }).sort()
         test(function() {
           var headers = new Headers(headerEntriesDict)
-          assert_array_equals(headers.keys(), sortedHeaderKeys)
+          var actual = headers.keys()
+          sortedHeaderKeys.forEach(function(key) {
+            const entry = actual.next()
+            assert_false(entry.done)
+            assert_equals(entry.value, key)
+          })
+          assert_true(actual.next().done)
+          assert_true(actual.next().done)
           for (const key of headers.keys()) assert_true(sortedHeaderKeys.indexOf(key) != -1)
         }, "Check keys method")
         test(function() {
           var headers = new Headers(headerEntriesDict)
-          assert_array_equals(headers.values(), sortedHeaderKeys.map((key) => sortedHeaderDict[key]))
+          var actual = headers.values()
+          sortedHeaderKeys.forEach(function(key) {
+            const entry = actual.next()
+            assert_false(entry.done)
+            assert_equals(entry.value, sortedHeaderDict[key])
+          })
+          assert_true(actual.next().done)
+          assert_true(actual.next().done)
           for (const value of headers.values()) assert_true(headerValues.indexOf(value) != -1)
         }, "Check values method")
         test(function() {
           var headers = new Headers(headerEntriesDict)
-          assert_array_equals(headers.entries(), sortedHeaderKeys.map((key) => [key, sortedHeaderDict[key]]))
+          var actual = headers.entries()
+          sortedHeaderKeys.forEach(function(key) {
+            const entry = actual.next()
+            assert_false(entry.done)
+            assert_equals(entry.value[0], key)
+            assert_equals(entry.value[1], sortedHeaderDict[key])
+          })
+          assert_true(actual.next().done)
+          assert_true(actual.next().done)
           for (const entry of headers.entries()) assert_equals(entry[1], sortedHeaderDict[entry[0]])
         }, "Check entries method")
         test(function() {
           var headers = new Headers(headerEntriesDict)
-          assert_array_equals([...headers], sortedHeaderKeys.map((key) => [key, sortedHeaderDict[key]]))
+          var actual = headers[Symbol.iterator]()
+          sortedHeaderKeys.forEach(function(key) {
+            const entry = actual.next()
+            assert_false(entry.done)
+            assert_equals(entry.value[0], key)
+            assert_equals(entry.value[1], sortedHeaderDict[key])
+          })
+          assert_true(actual.next().done)
+          assert_true(actual.next().done)
         }, "Check Symbol.iterator method")
         test(function() {
           var headers = new Headers(headerEntriesDict)
-          var index = 0
+          var reference = sortedHeaderKeys[Symbol.iterator]()
           headers.forEach(function(value, key, container) {
             assert_equals(headers, container)
-            assert_equals(key, sortedHeaderKeys[index])
-            assert_equals(value, sortedHeaderDict[sortedHeaderKeys[index]])
-            index++
+            const entry = reference.next()
+            assert_false(entry.done)
+            assert_equals(key, entry.value)
+            assert_equals(value, sortedHeaderDict[entry.value])
           })
-          assert_equals(index, sortedHeaderKeys.length)
+          assert_true(reference.next().done)
         }, "Check forEach method")
         test(() => {
           const headers = new Headers({"foo": "2", "baz": "1", "BAR": "0"})

packages/core/src/plugin/models-dev.ts

@@ -57,16 +57,19 @@ export const ModelsDevPlugin = define({
         })
       }
     })
+    const apply = (data: readonly ModelsDev.Snapshot[]) => {
+      loaded.data = snapshots(data)
+      return ctx.integration.reload().pipe(Effect.andThen(ctx.provider.reload()))
+    }
     yield* bus.subscribe(ModelsDev.Event.Refreshed).pipe(
-      Stream.runForEach(() =>
-        modelsDev.get().pipe(
-          Effect.tap((data) => Effect.sync(() => (loaded.data = snapshots(data)))),
-          Effect.andThen(ctx.integration.reload()),
-          Effect.andThen(ctx.provider.reload()),
-        ),
-      ),
+      Stream.runForEach(() => modelsDev.get().pipe(Effect.flatMap(apply))),
       Effect.forkScoped({ startImmediately: true }),
     )
+    // A refresh that landed between the initial read and the subscription above published
+    // Refreshed to nobody here. On a cold cache that read served the bundled snapshot, so
+    // re-read now instead of waiting for the next TTL refresh.
+    const latest = yield* modelsDev.get()
+    if (snapshots(latest) !== loaded.data) yield* apply(latest)
   }),
 })
 

packages/core/src/session.ts

@@ -170,10 +170,6 @@ export interface Interface {
   readonly switchAgent: (input: { sessionID: SessionSchema.ID; agent: Agent.ID }) => Effect.Effect<void, NotFoundError>
   readonly switchModel: (input: { sessionID: SessionSchema.ID; model: Model.Ref }) => Effect.Effect<void, NotFoundError>
   readonly rename: (input: { sessionID: SessionSchema.ID; title: string }) => Effect.Effect<void, NotFoundError>
-  readonly setMetadata: (input: {
-    sessionID: SessionSchema.ID
-    metadata: SessionSchema.Metadata
-  }) => Effect.Effect<void, NotFoundError>
   readonly setPermissions: (input: {
     sessionID: SessionSchema.ID
     permissions: Permission.Ruleset
@@ -421,7 +417,6 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
       switchAgent: (input) => sessions.forSession(input.sessionID).switchAgent(input),
       switchModel: (input) => sessions.forSession(input.sessionID).switchModel(input),
       rename: (input) => sessions.forSession(input.sessionID).rename(input),
-      setMetadata: (input) => sessions.forSession(input.sessionID).setMetadata(input),
       setPermissions: (input) => sessions.forSession(input.sessionID).setPermissions(input),
       move: moves.move,
       compact: (input) => sessions.forSession(input.sessionID).compact(input),

packages/core/src/session/message-updater.ts

@@ -131,7 +131,6 @@ export function update(adapter: Adapter, event: SessionEvent.DurableEvent) {
           )
         }),
       "session.renamed": () => Effect.void,
-      "session.metadata.updated": () => Effect.void,
       "session.permissions": () => Effect.void,
       "session.deleted": () => Effect.void,
       "session.forked": () => Effect.void,

packages/core/src/session/model-transport.ts

@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ import { SessionSchema } from "./schema.js"
 import { webSocketConstructor } from "../effect/app-node-platform.js"
 
 const ROTATE_AFTER_MS = 55 * 60 * 1000
-const INBOUND_CAPACITY = 128
-const CONNECT_TIMEOUT = "10 seconds"
+const CONNECT_TIMEOUT = "15 seconds"
 const IDLE_TIMEOUT = "5 minutes"
+/** Consecutive exchanges lost to the socket before the Session stays on HTTP. */
+const MAX_STREAM_FAILURES = 5
 const events = Metric.counter("opencode_session_websocket_events_total", {
   description: "Session WebSocket lifecycle events",
   incremental: true,
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@ interface State {
   readonly lock: Semaphore.Semaphore
   closed: boolean
   httpFallback: boolean
+  streamFailures: number
   channel?: Channel
 }
 
@@ -126,7 +128,7 @@ export const makeLayer = (connector: WebSocketConnector) =>
       const state = (sessionID: SessionSchema.ID) => {
         const current = states.get(sessionID)
         if (current) return current
-        const created = { lock: Semaphore.makeUnsafe(1), closed: false, httpFallback: false }
+        const created = { lock: Semaphore.makeUnsafe(1), closed: false, httpFallback: false, streamFailures: 0 }
         states.set(sessionID, created)
         return created
       }
@@ -168,15 +170,27 @@ export const makeLayer = (connector: WebSocketConnector) =>
           code: error.reason._tag === "Transport" ? error.reason.code : error.reason._tag,
           active: channel.active !== undefined,
         })
-        if (channel.active) Queue.failCauseUnsafe(channel.active.queue, Cause.fail(error))
-        yield* metric(
-          error.reason._tag === "Transport" && error.reason.code === "queue-overflow"
-            ? "queue_overflow"
-            : "protocol_failure",
-        )
+        if (channel.active) {
+          Queue.failCauseUnsafe(channel.active.queue, Cause.fail(error))
+          yield* streamFailure(owner)
+        }
+        yield* metric("protocol_failure")
         yield* channel.connection.close
       })
 
+      // A socket that keeps dying mid-exchange costs a retry every step; after enough consecutive
+      // losses the Session stays on HTTP.
+      const streamFailure = Effect.fn("SessionModelTransport.streamFailure")(function* (owner: State) {
+        owner.streamFailures++
+        if (owner.streamFailures < MAX_STREAM_FAILURES) return
+        owner.httpFallback = true
+        yield* Effect.logWarning("session websocket failed repeatedly; using http", {
+          sessionTransport: "websocket",
+          failures: owner.streamFailures,
+        })
+        yield* metric("fallback", { reason: "stream_failures" })
+      })
+
       const open = Effect.fn("SessionModelTransport.open")(function* (
         owner: State,
         exchange: WebSocketChannelExchange,
@@ -235,14 +249,7 @@ export const makeLayer = (connector: WebSocketConnector) =>
                       code: "message",
                       phase: "receive",
                     })
-                  if (Queue.offerUnsafe(active.queue, message)) return undefined
-                  return yield* transportError("Session WebSocket inbound queue overflow", {
-                    url: exchange.connect.url,
-                    operation: "read",
-                    code: "queue-overflow",
-                    phase: "receive",
-                    delivery: "accepted",
-                  })
+                  Queue.offerUnsafe(active.queue, message)
                 }),
               ),
               Effect.catch((error) =>
@@ -255,9 +262,7 @@ export const makeLayer = (connector: WebSocketConnector) =>
                         phase:
                           error.reason._tag === "Transport" && error.reason.phase === "close" ? "close" : "receive",
                         delivery:
-                          channel.active?.delivery === "provider-observed" ||
-                          channel.active?.delivery === "terminal" ||
-                          (error.reason._tag === "Transport" && error.reason.code === "queue-overflow")
+                          channel.active?.delivery === "provider-observed" || channel.active?.delivery === "terminal"
                             ? "accepted"
                             : error.reason._tag === "Transport" && error.reason.code === "1009"
                               ? "rejected"
@@ -370,7 +375,7 @@ export const makeLayer = (connector: WebSocketConnector) =>
           mode: create.mode,
         })
         const active: Active = {
-          queue: yield* Queue.bounded<string, AIError>(INBOUND_CAPACITY),
+          queue: yield* Queue.unbounded<string, AIError>(),
           delivery: "send-attempted",
         }
         channel.active = active
@@ -395,6 +400,7 @@ export const makeLayer = (connector: WebSocketConnector) =>
             return fallback(exchange)
           }
           yield* metric("ambiguous_delivery")
+          yield* streamFailure(owner)
           return yield* annotate(failure, { phase: "send", delivery: "ambiguous" })
         }
         yield* metric("send")
@@ -435,6 +441,7 @@ export const makeLayer = (connector: WebSocketConnector) =>
               const pending = yield* Queue.size(active.queue)
               yield* Queue.shutdown(active.queue)
               if (terminal && pending === 0) {
+                owner.streamFailures = 0
                 yield* metric("terminal", { type: terminal.type })
                 if (terminal.type === "rejected") yield* metric("rejection", { recovery: terminal.recovery })
                 // The Codex backend stops serving a connection after any error frame: the next request is

packages/core/src/session/projector.ts

@@ -573,14 +573,6 @@ const layer = Layer.effectDiscard(
         .run()
         .pipe(Effect.orDie),
     )
-    yield* bus.project(SessionEvent.MetadataUpdated, (event) =>
-      db
-        .update(SessionTable)
-        .set({ metadata: event.data.metadata, time_updated: event.created })
-        .where(eq(SessionTable.id, event.data.sessionID))
-        .run()
-        .pipe(Effect.orDie),
-    )
     yield* bus.project(SessionEvent.Permissions, (event) =>
       db
         .update(SessionTable)

packages/core/src/session/session.ts

@@ -73,13 +73,6 @@ export const make = Effect.fn("Session.make")(function* () {
     yield* get(sessionID)
     yield* bus.publish(SessionEvent.Renamed, { sessionID, title: input.title })
   })
-  const setMetadata = Effect.fn("Session.setMetadata")(function* (
-    sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
-    input: { metadata: SessionSchema.Metadata },
-  ) {
-    yield* get(sessionID)
-    yield* bus.publish(SessionEvent.MetadataUpdated, { sessionID, metadata: input.metadata })
-  })
   const setPermissions = Effect.fn("Session.setPermissions")(function* (
     sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
     input: { permissions: Permission.Ruleset },
@@ -349,7 +342,6 @@ export const make = Effect.fn("Session.make")(function* () {
     message,
     view,
     rename,
-    setMetadata,
     setPermissions,
     switchAgent,
     switchModel,
@@ -373,7 +365,6 @@ export const make = Effect.fn("Session.make")(function* () {
     const message = operations.message.bind(undefined, sessionID)
     const view = operations.view.bind(undefined, sessionID)
     const rename = operations.rename.bind(undefined, sessionID)
-    const setMetadata = operations.setMetadata.bind(undefined, sessionID)
     const setPermissions = operations.setPermissions.bind(undefined, sessionID)
     const switchAgent = operations.switchAgent.bind(undefined, sessionID)
     const switchModel = operations.switchModel.bind(undefined, sessionID)
@@ -400,7 +391,6 @@ export const make = Effect.fn("Session.make")(function* () {
       message,
       view,
       rename,
-      setMetadata,
       setPermissions,
       switchAgent,
       switchModel,

packages/core/test/plugin/models-dev.test.ts

@@ -290,6 +290,37 @@ describe("ModelsDevPlugin", () => {
     }),
   )
 
+  isolated.effect("adopts a refresh that completes between its initial read and its subscription", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const bundled = richSnapshot("Acme Bundled")
+      const fresh = richSnapshot("Acme Fresh")
+      const current = { snapshot: bundled.snapshot }
+      const location = yield* owner
+      // Cold cache: the first read serves the bundled snapshot, and the boot-time
+      // ModelsDev.refresh() lands right after it, before the plugin subscribes.
+      const source = ModelsDev.Service.of({
+        get: () =>
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const data = current.snapshot
+            if (data !== bundled.snapshot) return data
+            current.snapshot = fresh.snapshot
+            yield* location.bus.publish(ModelsDev.Event.Refreshed, {})
+            return data
+          }),
+        refresh: () => Effect.void,
+      })
+      yield* ModelsDevPlugin.effect(location.host).pipe(
+        Effect.provideService(ModelsDev.Service, source),
+        Effect.provideContext(location.context),
+      )
+      yield* TestClock.adjust("500 millis")
+      yield* TestClock.adjust("500 millis")
+      yield* TestClock.adjust("500 millis")
+
+      expect(required(yield* location.providers.get(bundled.providerID)).name).toBe("Acme Fresh")
+    }),
+  )
+
   real.effect("keeps the retained definition unchanged across model replay", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const providers = yield* Provider.Service

packages/core/test/session-create.test.ts

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { Money } from "@opencode/schema/money"
 import { Shell } from "@opencode/schema/shell"
 import { Skill } from "@opencode/schema/skill"
 import { Agent } from "@opencode/core/agent"
-import { and, asc, eq } from "drizzle-orm"
+import { asc, eq } from "drizzle-orm"
 import { Database } from "@opencode/core/database/database"
 import { AppNodeBuilder } from "@opencode/core/effect/app-node-builder"
 import { LayerNode } from "@opencode/util/effect/layer-node"
@@ -385,26 +385,6 @@ describe("Session.create", () => {
 
       // Absent stays absent: no empty-object normalization.
       expect((yield* session.create({ location })).metadata).toBeUndefined()
-
-      const replacement = { thread: "updated", owner: "host" }
-      yield* session.setMetadata({ sessionID: created.id, metadata: replacement })
-      expect((yield* session.get(created.id)).metadata).toEqual(replacement)
-      expect(
-        yield* db
-          .select({ data: EventTable.data })
-          .from(EventTable)
-          .where(
-            and(
-              eq(EventTable.aggregate_id, created.id),
-              eq(EventTable.type, Bus.versionedType(SessionEvent.MetadataUpdated.type, 1)),
-            ),
-          )
-          .get()
-          .pipe(Effect.orDie),
-      ).toMatchObject({ data: { metadata: replacement } })
-      expect(
-        yield* session.setMetadata({ sessionID: Session.ID.create(), metadata: replacement }).pipe(Effect.flip),
-      ).toBeInstanceOf(Session.NotFoundError)
     }),
   )
 

packages/core/test/session-model-transport.test.ts

@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ describe("SessionModelTransport", () => {
           Effect.forkChild({ startImmediately: true }),
         )
         yield* Effect.yieldNow
-        yield* TestClock.adjust("10 seconds")
+        yield* TestClock.adjust("15 seconds")
         expect(yield* Fiber.join(running)).toEqual(["fallback:slow"])
       }),
     )
@@ -731,6 +731,40 @@ describe("SessionModelTransport", () => {
     )
   })
 
+  test("keeps the Session on HTTP after repeated mid-stream socket losses", async () => {
+    let opens = 0
+    const connector: WebSocketConnector = {
+      open: () =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          opens++
+          const messages = yield* Queue.unbounded<string | Uint8Array, AIError>()
+          return {
+            sendText: () =>
+              Effect.sync(() => {
+                Queue.failCauseUnsafe(messages, Cause.fail(error("socket dropped")))
+              }),
+            messages: Stream.fromQueue(messages),
+            close: Queue.shutdown(messages).pipe(Effect.asVoid),
+          }
+        }),
+    }
+
+    await run(
+      connector,
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const transport = yield* SessionModelTransport.Service
+        const executor = transport.bind(session)
+        for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 5; attempt++) {
+          const result = yield* Effect.result(collect(executor, exchange(`attempt-${attempt}`)))
+          expect(result._tag).toBe("Failure")
+        }
+        expect(opens).toBe(5)
+        expect(yield* collect(executor, exchange("sixth"))).toEqual(["fallback:sixth"])
+        expect(opens).toBe(5)
+      }),
+    )
+  })
+
   test("falls back to HTTP after close code 1009 and keeps the Session on HTTP", async () => {
     const messages = queue<string | Uint8Array, AIError>()
     let opened = 0
@@ -915,24 +949,22 @@ describe("SessionModelTransport", () => {
     )
   })
 
-  test("poisons instead of dropping data when the inbound queue overflows", async () => {
+  test("buffers a synchronous burst of frames larger than any fixed capacity", async () => {
+    // Bun dispatches every frame in a read buffer in one tick; a large tool call streams thousands
+    // of small argument deltas, so the exchange must absorb the whole burst before it can consume.
+    const burst = 1500
     const messages = queue<string | Uint8Array, AIError>()
-    const poisoned = Deferred.makeUnsafe<void>()
     let closed = 0
     const connector: WebSocketConnector = {
       open: () =>
         Effect.succeed({
           sendText: () =>
-            // Hold consumption at the send boundary until the reader fills and poisons the inbound queue.
             Effect.sync(() => {
-              for (let index = 0; index <= 129; index++) Queue.offerUnsafe(messages, `frame:${index}`)
-            }).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(poisoned))),
-          messages: Stream.fromQueue(messages).pipe(Stream.tap(() => Effect.yieldNow)),
-          close: Effect.sync(() => closed++).pipe(
-            Effect.andThen(Deferred.succeed(poisoned, undefined)),
-            Effect.andThen(Queue.shutdown(messages)),
-            Effect.asVoid,
-          ),
+              for (let index = 0; index < burst; index++) Queue.offerUnsafe(messages, `frame:${index}`)
+              Queue.offerUnsafe(messages, "completed")
+            }),
+          messages: Stream.fromQueue(messages),
+          close: Effect.sync(() => closed++).pipe(Effect.andThen(Queue.shutdown(messages)), Effect.asVoid),
         }),
     }
 
@@ -941,20 +973,21 @@ describe("SessionModelTransport", () => {
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const transport = yield* SessionModelTransport.Service
         const item = exchange("first")
-        const result = yield* Effect.result(
-          collect(transport.bind(session), {
-            ...item,
-            driver: {
-              create: item.driver.create,
-              observe: (_create, frame) => Effect.succeed({ type: "frame" as const, frame }),
-            },
-          }),
-        )
-        expect(result).toMatchObject({
-          _tag: "Failure",
-          failure: { reason: { _tag: "Transport", code: "queue-overflow", delivery: "accepted" } },
+        const frames = yield* collect(transport.bind(session), {
+          ...item,
+          driver: {
+            create: item.driver.create,
+            observe: (_create, frame) =>
+              Effect.succeed(
+                frame === "completed" ? { type: "completed" as const, frame } : { type: "frame" as const, frame },
+              ),
+          },
         })
-        expect(closed).toBe(1)
+        expect(frames).toHaveLength(burst + 1)
+        expect(frames.slice(0, 3)).toEqual(["frame:0", "frame:1", "frame:2"])
+        expect(frames.at(-2)).toBe(`frame:${burst - 1}`)
+        expect(frames.at(-1)).toBe("completed")
+        expect(closed).toBe(0)
       }),
     )
   })

packages/desktop/electron.vite.config.ts

@@ -28,6 +28,29 @@ const sentry =
       })
     : false
 
+// Every module the entry reaches through static imports lands in one chunk. Automatic splitting
+// otherwise fragments the initial graph into ~50 files shared with lazy routes, and each file costs
+// the renderer a main-thread request round trip through the main process before first paint.
+type ChunkingContext = { getModuleInfo(id: string): { isEntry: boolean; importers: readonly string[] } | null }
+const initialGraph = new WeakMap<ChunkingContext, Map<string, boolean>>()
+function inInitialGraph(id: string, ctx: ChunkingContext) {
+  const memo = initialGraph.get(ctx) ?? new Map<string, boolean>()
+  initialGraph.set(ctx, memo)
+  const visit = (id: string, path: Set<string>): boolean => {
+    const known = memo.get(id)
+    if (known !== undefined) return known
+    if (path.has(id)) return false
+    const info = ctx.getModuleInfo(id)
+    if (!info) return false
+    path.add(id)
+    const result = info.isEntry || info.importers.some((importer) => visit(importer, path))
+    path.delete(id)
+    memo.set(id, result)
+    return result
+  }
+  return visit(id, new Set())
+}
+
 export default defineConfig(({ command }) => ({
   main: {
     resolve: {
@@ -110,6 +133,11 @@ const require = __cjs_mod__.createRequire(import.meta.url);
         input: {
           main: "src/renderer/index.html",
         },
+        output: {
+          codeSplitting: {
+            groups: [{ name: (id, ctx) => (inInitialGraph(id, ctx) ? "app" : null), priority: 10 }],
+          },
+        },
       },
     },
   },

packages/desktop/scripts/bench-startup.ts

@@ -191,8 +191,14 @@ const phaseOrder = [
   ["electron js init → entry", "nodeBootstrapped", "entryStart"],
   ["entry → chromium ready", "entryStart", "electronReady"],
   ["ready → window shown", "electronReady", "windowVisible"],
-  ["main bundle load + evaluate", "windowVisible", "bundleEvaluated"],
-  ["layers → first log line", "bundleEvaluated", "appStarting"],
+  ["window → renderer assets served", "windowVisible", "rendererAssetsServed"],
+  ["main bundle load + evaluate", "rendererAssetsServed", "bundleEvaluated"],
+  ["bundle → onboarding decided", "bundleEvaluated", "onboardingDecided"],
+  ["onboarding → logging ready", "onboardingDecided", "loggingReady"],
+  ["logging → first log line", "loggingReady", "appStarting"],
+  ["first log line → storage open", "appStarting", "storageOpen"],
+  ["storage → initialization done", "storageOpen", "initializationDone"],
+  ["initialization → layers ready", "initializationDone", "layersReady"],
   ["layers → renderer process", "appStarting", "rendererProcess"],
   ["renderer boot → first paint", "rendererProcess", "firstPaint"],
   ["first paint → shell", "firstPaint", "shellVisible"],
@@ -397,8 +403,15 @@ async function launch(build: { label: string; exe: string }, run: number): Promi
       nodeBootstrapped: boot && Math.round(boot.origin + boot.bootstrapComplete - spawnAt),
       entryStart: main.marks.entry && main.marks.entry - spawnAt,
       electronReady: main.marks.ready && main.marks.ready - spawnAt,
+      rendererAssetsServed: main.marks.served && main.marks.served - spawnAt,
       bundleEvaluated: main.marks.bundle && main.marks.bundle - spawnAt,
+      onboardingDecided: main.marks.onboarding && main.marks.onboarding - spawnAt,
+      loggingReady: main.marks.logging && main.marks.logging - spawnAt,
+      crashReporterStarted: main.marks.crash && main.marks.crash - spawnAt,
       appStarting: main.appStarting && main.appStarting - spawnAt,
+      storageOpen: main.marks.storage && main.marks.storage - spawnAt,
+      initializationDone: main.marks.init && main.marks.init - spawnAt,
+      layersReady: main.marks.layers && main.marks.layers - spawnAt,
       cliVersionStart: main.versionStart && main.versionStart - spawnAt,
       cliVersionDone: main.versionDone && main.versionDone - spawnAt,
       serviceStarting: main.serviceStarting && main.serviceStarting - spawnAt,
@@ -593,8 +606,8 @@ function mainLog() {
       // A window shown before the logger existed reports when it was shown; the line itself is later.
       const shown = /main window visible/.test(message) ? entry.match(/shownAt: (\d+)/)?.[1] : undefined
       if (shown) windowShownAt = Number(shown)
-      if (/app starting/.test(message))
-        for (const [, key, value] of entry.matchAll(/\b(entry|ready|window|bundle): (\d{10,})/g)) marks[key] = Number(value)
+      if (/app starting|layers ready/.test(message))
+        for (const [, key, value] of entry.matchAll(/\b(\w+): (\d{10,})/g)) marks[key] = Number(value)
       timeline.push([new Date(m[1].replace(" ", "T")).getTime(), name.replace(/\.log$/, ""), message])
     }
   }

packages/desktop/scripts/bench-variant.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+param([Parameter(Mandatory)][string]$Name, [int]$Runs = 5)
+$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+Set-Location $PSScriptRoot\..
+# electron-vite directly: the package's prebuild hook re-downloads the CLI, which the bench keeps fixed.
+bunx electron-vite build 2>&1 | Select-String -Pattern "built in|error" | Select-Object -Last 3
+if (-not (Test-Path out\main\index.js)) { throw "build failed" }
+bunx electron-builder --win --dir --config electron-builder.config.ts 2>&1 | Select-String -Pattern "error|signing with signtool.*OpenCode Dev" | Select-Object -Last 2
+if (Test-Path "dist\$Name-unpacked") { Remove-Item "dist\$Name-unpacked" -Recurse -Force }
+Rename-Item -Path dist\win-unpacked -NewName "$Name-unpacked"
+bun ./scripts/bench-startup.ts --exe "dist\base-unpacked\OpenCode Dev.exe" --compare "dist\$Name-unpacked\OpenCode Dev.exe" --runs $Runs --warmup 1 --window-at=-1700,20 --out "dist\bench-startup\$Name" 2>&1 | Select-String -Pattern "^warm service|^\s{2,}|^phases|^\S+\s+\d+\s+\(|^report|^warm-up|Error|error" | Select-Object -Last 45

packages/desktop/scripts/profile-by-source.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Attribute a renderer .cpuprofile's self time to original source files through the build's
+// source maps. Run with: bun scripts/profile-by-source.ts <profile.cpuprofile> [out/renderer/assets]
+import { readFileSync, readdirSync } from "node:fs"
+import { join } from "node:path"
+import { TraceMap, originalPositionFor } from "C:/Users/Lukem/.local/share/opencode/worktree/6c1049/quiet-wolf-2/node_modules/.bun/@jridgewell+trace-mapping@0.3.31/node_modules/@jridgewell/trace-mapping/dist/trace-mapping.mjs"
+
+const profilePath = process.argv[2]!
+const assets = process.argv[3] ?? "out/renderer/assets"
+const profile = JSON.parse(readFileSync(profilePath, "utf8"))
+const maps = new Map<string, TraceMap>()
+for (const name of readdirSync(assets).filter((f) => f.endsWith(".js.map"))) {
+  maps.set(name.slice(0, -4), new TraceMap(JSON.parse(readFileSync(join(assets, name), "utf8"))))
+}
+
+const nodes = new Map<number, any>()
+for (const n of profile.nodes) nodes.set(n.id, n)
+const self = new Map<string, number>()
+const byPkg = new Map<string, number>()
+const group = (source: string) => {
+  const n = source.replace(/\\/g, "/")
+  const nm = n.match(/node_modules\/(?:\.bun\/[^/]+\/node_modules\/)?((?:@[^/]+\/)?[^/]+)(?:\/dist\/([^/]+))?/)
+  if (nm) return nm[1] === "effect" ? `effect/${(nm[2] ?? "").replace(/\.js$/, "")}` : nm[1]
+  const pk = n.match(/packages\/([^/]+)\/src\/(.+)$/)
+  return pk ? `${pk[1]}/${pk[2]}` : n.slice(-50)
+}
+const parent = new Map<number, number>()
+for (const n of profile.nodes) for (const c of n.children ?? []) parent.set(c, n.id)
+const resolve = (frame: any) => {
+  const name = frame.functionName
+  if (name === "(program)" || name === "(garbage collector)") return { label: name, fn: name }
+  const file = frame.url.split("/").pop()
+  const map = maps.get(file)
+  if (!map) return { label: `(no map) ${file}`, fn: name }
+  const pos = originalPositionFor(map, { line: frame.lineNumber + 1, column: frame.columnNumber })
+  return { label: pos.source ? group(pos.source) : `(unmapped) ${file}`, fn: pos.name ?? name }
+}
+const labelOf = (frame: any) => resolve(frame).label
+// A sample belongs to the render phase once Solid's root is on the stack; everything before that is
+// module evaluation, everything after the first render is later work (hydration, effects, timers).
+const stackHas = (id: number, test: (label: string, fn: string) => boolean) => {
+  for (let cur: number | undefined = id; cur !== undefined; cur = parent.get(cur)) {
+    const resolved = resolve(nodes.get(cur).callFrame)
+    if (test(resolved.label, resolved.fn)) return true
+  }
+  return false
+}
+const phases = { evaluate: new Map<string, number>(), render: new Map<string, number>(), later: new Map<string, number>() }
+let phase: keyof typeof phases = "evaluate"
+let t = 0
+let total = 0
+for (let i = 0; i < profile.samples.length; i++) {
+  const dt = (profile.timeDeltas[i] ?? 0) / 1000
+  t += dt
+  const node = nodes.get(profile.samples[i])
+  if (node.callFrame.functionName === "(idle)") {
+    if (phase === "render" && dt > 5) phase = "later"
+    continue
+  }
+  total += dt
+  if (phase === "evaluate" && stackHas(node.id, (label, fn) => label === "solid-js" && (fn === "render" || fn === "createRoot")))
+    phase = "render"
+  const label = labelOf(node.callFrame)
+  const bucket = phases[phase]
+  bucket.set(label, (bucket.get(label) ?? 0) + dt)
+  self.set(label, (self.get(label) ?? 0) + dt)
+  const pkg = label.split("/").slice(0, label.startsWith("effect/") || label.startsWith("@") ? 2 : 1).join("/")
+  byPkg.set(pkg, (byPkg.get(pkg) ?? 0) + dt)
+}
+console.log(`busy ${total.toFixed(0)} ms over ${t.toFixed(0)} ms`)
+void phases
+// Timeline: 25 ms buckets with the top sources, so module evaluation, render and hydration show as bands.
+const buckets = new Map<number, Map<string, number>>()
+t = 0
+for (let i = 0; i < profile.samples.length; i++) {
+  const dt = (profile.timeDeltas[i] ?? 0) / 1000
+  t += dt
+  const node = nodes.get(profile.samples[i])
+  if (node.callFrame.functionName === "(idle)") continue
+  const b = Math.floor(t / 25) * 25
+  const m = buckets.get(b) ?? new Map()
+  const label = labelOf(node.callFrame).replace(/^(\.\.\/)+/, "")
+  m.set(label, (m.get(label) ?? 0) + dt)
+  buckets.set(b, m)
+}
+console.log("\n== timeline (25 ms buckets) ==")
+for (const [b, m] of [...buckets].sort((a, c) => a[0] - c[0])) {
+  const busy = [...m.values()].reduce((a, c) => a + c, 0)
+  if (busy < 1) continue
+  const top = [...m].sort((a, c) => c[1] - a[1]).slice(0, 4).map(([k, v]) => `${k} ${v.toFixed(0)}`).join(" | ")
+  console.log(String(b).padStart(5), busy.toFixed(0).padStart(3), top)
+}
+console.log("\n== by package (all) ==")
+for (const [k, v] of [...byPkg].sort((a, b) => b[1] - a[1]).slice(0, 20)) console.log(v.toFixed(1).padStart(7), k)
+

packages/desktop/src/main/desktop.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { Ipc } from "./ipc"
 import { DesktopInitialization } from "./lifecycle/desktop-initialization"
 import { installContextMenu } from "./lifecycle/environment"
 import { ApplicationLifecycle } from "./lifecycle"
+import { DesktopLogging } from "./native/logging"
 import { BackgroundService } from "./service/background-service"
 import { DesktopCli } from "./service/desktop-cli"
 import { UpdaterLive } from "./updater/live"
@@ -15,8 +16,15 @@ marks.bundle = Date.now()
 
 const runIpc = Effect.fn("Desktop.runIpc")(function* () {
   const lifecycle = yield* ApplicationLifecycle.Service
+  marks.layers = Date.now()
+  yield* Effect.logInfo("layers ready", { marks })
   const ipc = yield* Ipc.registerIpcHandlers
   if (lifecycle.restoreWindows().length) ipc.installMenu()
+  // The first window's renderer now has its IPC port and is hydrating its stores over it. The crash
+  // reporter (spawns a process) and the context menu (a dependency tree) are not worth answering late.
+  yield* Effect.sleep("500 millis")
+  const logging = yield* DesktopLogging.Service
+  yield* logging.startCrashReporter
   yield* installContextMenu
   yield* Effect.callback<void>((resume) => {
     const quit = () => resume(Effect.void)

packages/desktop/src/main/index.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@
 import { marks } from "./lifecycle/marks"
 import { app } from "electron"
 import { acquireApplicationLock, configureApplication } from "./lifecycle/configure"
+import { startSidecarProbe } from "./service/sidecar-probe"
+import { registerStorageSnapshotHandler } from "./storage/snapshot"
 import { createEarlyWindow } from "./windows/early"
+import { rendererAssetsServed } from "./windows/protocol"
 import { registerRendererScheme } from "./windows/scheme"
 
 // This module stays small on purpose. Electron holds the ready event until the entry module has
@@ -14,10 +17,16 @@ if (acquireApplicationLock()) {
   registerRendererScheme()
   // Window first, then the bundle: starting the import before ready delays ready itself, because the
   // module graph evaluates on the same thread Chromium needs to finish initialising.
-  void app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  void app.whenReady().then(async () => {
     marks.ready = Date.now()
+    registerStorageSnapshotHandler()
     createEarlyWindow()
     marks.window = Date.now()
+    startSidecarProbe()
+    // The window's renderer is already loading. Its HTML and preloaded chunks are served from this
+    // thread, so the bundle waits for that burst to be answered (or a cap) before it evaluates.
+    if (!process.env.ELECTRON_RENDERER_URL) await rendererAssetsServed({ quietMs: 40, capMs: 400 })
+    marks.served = Date.now()
     return import("./desktop")
   })
 }

packages/desktop/src/main/ipc-handlers/events.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { EventRpcs } from "../../shared/ipc-rpc"
 import { ipcEventStream } from "../ipc-events"
 import { IpcPortHandoff } from "../ipc-transport"
 import { Shutdown } from "../lifecycle/shutdown"
-import { isRendererUrl } from "../windows/protocol"
+import { isRendererUrl } from "../windows/scheme"
 import { DesktopStorage } from "../storage"
 import { sender } from "./context"
 

packages/desktop/src/main/ipc.ts

@@ -65,12 +65,15 @@ export const registerIpcHandlers = Effect.gen(function* () {
       if (input.type !== "keyDown" || input.key !== "Escape") return
       win.webContents.send(DragCancelEvent)
     })
-    win.webContents.on("did-finish-load", () => {
+    const post = () => {
       if (win.isDestroyed() || win.webContents.isDestroyed()) return
       const channel = new MessageChannelMain()
       handoff.bind(win.webContents, channel.port1)
       win.webContents.postMessage(IpcTransportPort, null, [channel.port2])
-    })
+    }
+    win.webContents.on("did-finish-load", post)
+    // The first window starts loading before the layers exist and may already be done.
+    if (!win.webContents.isLoading() && win.webContents.getURL()) post()
   }
   yield* Effect.sync(() => {
     app.on("browser-window-created", wire)

packages/desktop/src/main/lifecycle/configure.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto"
 import { mkdirSync, rmSync } from "node:fs"
+import { enableCompileCache } from "node:module"
 import { homedir, tmpdir } from "node:os"
 import path from "node:path"
 import { app } from "electron"
@@ -31,6 +32,8 @@ export function configureApplication() {
     app.setPath("sessionData", path.join(testRoot, "session"))
     if (testOnboarding) app.setPath("documents", path.join(testRoot, "documents"))
   }
+  // V8 bytecode for the main bundle survives between launches, like the renderer's code cache.
+  enableCompileCache(path.join(app.getPath("userData"), "compile-cache"))
 }
 
 export function acquireApplicationLock() {

packages/desktop/src/main/lifecycle/desktop-initialization.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { app } from "electron"
 import { Context, Effect, Layer } from "effect"
 import { DesktopLogging } from "../native/logging"
 import { getStore } from "../storage/store"
+import { marks } from "./marks"
 import {
   loadProxyEnvironment,
   preferApplicationEnvironment,
@@ -22,12 +23,15 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
   Service,
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     const logging = yield* DesktopLogging.Service
-    yield* prepareApplicationEnvironment
     yield* preferApplicationEnvironment
-    yield* loadProxyEnvironment
+    // System certificates, the proxy and the net log serve later network work; the first window and
+    // its IPC port do not wait for them.
+    yield* Effect.forkScoped(
+      prepareApplicationEnvironment.pipe(Effect.andThen(loadProxyEnvironment), Effect.andThen(logging.startNetwork)),
+    )
     yield* Effect.promise(() => app.whenReady())
-    yield* logging.startNetwork
     yield* prepareDesktop
+    marks.init = Date.now()
     return Service.of({
       version: app.getVersion(),
       updaterStore: getStore("opencode.updater"),

packages/desktop/src/main/lifecycle/environment.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ import { app } from "electron"
 import { Effect, Path } from "effect"
 import { DesktopPaths } from "../paths"
 import { getUserShell, loadShellEnv } from "../service/shell-env"
-import { registerRendererProtocol, setDockIcon } from "../windows"
+import { registerRendererProtocol, setDockIcon, setProtocolReporter } from "../windows"
+import { scoped } from "../native/logging"
 
 // electron-context-menu attaches to every existing and future window, so it can load once the first
 // window is up instead of holding up startup with its dependency tree.
@@ -37,7 +38,11 @@ export const prepareDesktop = Effect.gen(function* () {
   const paths = yield* DesktopPaths.resolve
   if (app.isPackaged || process.env.OPENCODE_DESKTOP_DISABLE_PROTOCOL_REGISTRATION !== "1")
     app.setAsDefaultProtocolClient("opencode")
-  yield* registerRendererProtocol()
+  const runFork = Effect.runForkWith(yield* Effect.context())
+  setProtocolReporter((level, message, data) =>
+    runFork(scoped("protocol", level === "error" ? Effect.logError(message, data) : Effect.logWarning(message, data))),
+  )
+  registerRendererProtocol(paths.rendererRoot)
   setDockIcon(path, paths)
 })
 

packages/desktop/src/main/lifecycle/index.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { DesktopLogging, scoped } from "../native/logging"
 import { DesktopStorage } from "../storage"
 import { safeWebContentsURL } from "../windows/state"
 import { getLastFocusedWindow, makeMainWindows, setAppQuitting, setRelaunchHandler } from "../windows"
+import { marks } from "./marks"
 import { initializeFirstLaunchOnboarding } from "./onboarding"
 import { Shutdown } from "./shutdown"
 
@@ -157,6 +158,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.unwrap(
     // Decide first-launch state before the storage layer creates drafts.sqlite, which would
     // otherwise read as evidence of an earlier launch on a fresh install.
     yield* initializeFirstLaunchOnboarding(app.getPath("userData"))
+    marks.onboarding = Date.now()
     return runtime.pipe(Layer.provideMerge(platform))
   }),
 )

packages/desktop/src/main/lifecycle/marks.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 // Startup marks, epoch ms. The entry module records them before any logger exists; the logging
-// layer reports them with "app starting" so the startup benchmark can split the time before the
-// first log line into Electron's own initialisation, our entry, and the main bundle.
-export const marks: { entry: number; ready?: number; window?: number; bundle?: number } = { entry: Date.now() }
+// layer reports the early ones with "app starting" and the rest with "layers ready", so the startup
+// benchmark can split the time before the renderer gets its IPC port into Electron's own
+// initialisation, our entry, the main bundle and each layer.
+export const marks: { entry: number } & Partial<
+  Record<"ready" | "window" | "served" | "bundle" | "onboarding" | "logging" | "crash" | "storage" | "init" | "layers", number>
+> = { entry: Date.now() }

packages/desktop/src/main/lifecycle/onboarding.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ import { getStore } from "../storage/store"
 const DEFAULT_PROJECT_DIR = "Default Project"
 
 export const initializeFirstLaunchOnboarding = Effect.fn("Onboarding.initialize")(function* (userDataPath: string) {
+  const store = getStore()
+  const current = store.get(FIRST_LAUNCH_ONBOARDING_COMPLETE_KEY)
+  if (typeof current === "boolean") return current
+
   const fs = yield* FileSystem.FileSystem
   const path = yield* Path.Path
   const names = (yield* fs.exists(userDataPath)) ? yield* fs.readDirectory(userDataPath) : []
@@ -17,11 +21,8 @@ export const initializeFirstLaunchOnboarding = Effect.fn("Onboarding.initialize"
       const info = yield* fs.stat(path.join(userDataPath, name)).pipe(Effect.option)
       return { name, directory: Option.isSome(info) && info.value.type === "Directory" }
     }),
+    { concurrency: "unbounded" },
   )
-  const store = getStore()
-  const current = store.get(FIRST_LAUNCH_ONBOARDING_COMPLETE_KEY)
-  if (typeof current === "boolean") return current
-
   const complete = hasExistingAppState(entries)
   store.set(FIRST_LAUNCH_ONBOARDING_COMPLETE_KEY, complete)
   return complete

packages/desktop/src/main/native/logging.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ let netLogPath: string | undefined
 
 export interface Interface {
   readonly startNetwork: Effect.Effect<void>
+  readonly startCrashReporter: Effect.Effect<void>
   readonly exportDebug: Effect.Effect<string>
 }
 
@@ -30,7 +31,9 @@ const serviceLayer = Layer.effect(
     const fs = yield* FileSystem.FileSystem
     const path = yield* Path.Path
     yield* initLogging(fs, path).pipe(Effect.orDie)
-    yield* initCrashReporter(fs, path).pipe(Effect.orDie)
+    // Old run directories go away in the background; listing them is not worth a wait at startup.
+    yield* Effect.forkScoped(cleanup(fs, path).pipe(Effect.catch(() => Effect.void)))
+    marks.logging = Date.now()
     yield* Effect.logInfo("app starting", {
       version: VERSION,
       packaged: app.isPackaged,
@@ -42,6 +45,12 @@ const serviceLayer = Layer.effect(
       startNetwork: startNetLog(path).pipe(
         Effect.catch((error) => Effect.logWarning("failed to start net log", { error })),
       ),
+      // Starting crashpad spawns its handler process, ~60 ms on the main thread, so the first window
+      // and its IPC port come first.
+      startCrashReporter: initCrashReporter(fs, path).pipe(
+        Effect.tap(() => Effect.sync(() => (marks.crash = Date.now()))),
+        Effect.catch((error) => Effect.logWarning("failed to start crash reporter", { error })),
+      ),
       exportDebug,
     })
   }),
@@ -99,7 +108,6 @@ function initLogging(fs: FileSystem.FileSystem, path: Path.Path) {
       log.initialize({ preload: false, spyRendererConsole: true })
       initConsoleTransport()
     })
-    yield* cleanup(fs, path)
   })
 }
 

packages/desktop/src/main/service/background-service.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { Context, Effect, FileSystem, Layer, Path } from "effect"
 import { BackgroundServiceState } from "./background-service-state"
 import { cleanStages, DesktopCli } from "./desktop-cli"
 import { SidecarCredentials } from "./sidecar-credentials"
+import { sidecarProbe } from "./sidecar-probe"
 
 export * as BackgroundService from "./background-service"
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ const connect = Effect.fn("BackgroundService.connect")(function* (mode: "initial
   const version = mode === "initial" ? cli.version : undefined
   if (isolated) process.env.XDG_STATE_HOME = app.getPath("userData")
   const client = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@opencode/client/service"))
-  const service = yield* Effect.tryPromise(() =>
+  const ensure = () =>
     client.Service.ensure({
       file:
         isolated && process.env.OPENCODE_DESKTOP_SERVER_CHANNEL === "local"
@@ -46,13 +47,18 @@ const connect = Effect.fn("BackgroundService.connect")(function* (mode: "initial
       command: [...cli.command, "serve", "--service", ...(isolated ? ["--port", "0"] : [])],
       onStart: (reason, previousVersion) =>
         runFork(Effect.logInfo("v2 CLI background service starting", { reason, previousVersion })),
-    }),
-  )
+    })
+  // A compatible service the entry module already found is adopted at once; ensure() still runs
+  // afterwards for its side effects (terminal handoff completion), off the renderer's path.
+  const early = mode === "initial" && !isolated ? yield* Effect.promise(sidecarProbe) : undefined
+  if (early) yield* Effect.sync(() => void ensure().catch(() => undefined))
+  const service = early ?? (yield* Effect.tryPromise(ensure))
   if (service.auth?.type !== "basic") throw new Error("V2 CLI background service did not provide authentication")
   const url = new URL(service.url)
   if (url.hostname === "0.0.0.0") url.hostname = "127.0.0.1"
   yield* Effect.logInfo("v2 CLI background service ready", {
     version,
+    probed: !!early,
     ...endpoint(url.origin),
   })
   if (mode === "initial" && isolated && cli.binary) yield* cleanStages(cli.binary).pipe(Effect.orDie)

packages/desktop/src/main/service/desktop-cli.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 export * as DesktopCli from "./desktop-cli"
 
 import { execFile, spawn } from "node:child_process"
+import { existsSync, readFileSync } from "node:fs"
 import { promisify } from "node:util"
 import { app } from "electron"
 import { Context, Effect, FileSystem, Layer, Option, Path } from "effect"
@@ -93,9 +94,15 @@ const resolveBundledCli = Effect.fn("DesktopCli.resolveBundled")(function* (isol
 const bundledVersion = Effect.fn("DesktopCli.bundledVersion")(function* (bundled: string) {
   const fs = yield* FileSystem.FileSystem
   const path = yield* Path.Path
-  const shipped = yield* fs
-    .readFileString(path.join(path.dirname(bundled), "opencode-cli.version"))
-    .pipe(Effect.map((text) => text.trim()), Effect.orElseSucceed(() => ""))
+  // Synchronous on purpose: this sits on the path to the first window's IPC port, and a queued
+  // async read waits behind everything else the main thread is doing at that moment.
+  const shipped = yield* Effect.sync(() => {
+    try {
+      return readFileSync(path.join(path.dirname(bundled), "opencode-cli.version"), "utf8").trim()
+    } catch {
+      return ""
+    }
+  })
   if (shipped) {
     yield* Effect.logInfo("v2 CLI version bundled", { version: shipped })
     return shipped
@@ -147,7 +154,7 @@ const installCli = Effect.fn("DesktopCli.install")(function* (source: string, ve
   const path = yield* Path.Path
   const directory = path.join(app.getPath("userData"), "cli", version.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9._-]/g, "-"))
   const destination = path.join(directory, executableName())
-  if (yield* fs.exists(destination)) {
+  if (existsSync(destination)) {
     yield* Effect.logInfo("v2 CLI staged executable reused", { path: destination, version })
     return destination
   }

packages/desktop/src/main/service/sidecar-probe.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import { readFileSync } from "node:fs"
+import path from "node:path"
+import { app } from "electron"
+import type { Endpoint } from "@opencode/client/service"
+
+// The main thread idles between showing the first window and evaluating the main bundle, waiting
+// for the renderer's asset requests. That slot is long enough to find out whether a compatible
+// background service is already running, so the renderer's first data request is not the first
+// moment anyone asks. The probe only looks; a service that has to be started waits for the layers,
+// which set the environment the CLI expects.
+let probe: Promise<Endpoint | undefined> | undefined
+
+export function startSidecarProbe() {
+  if (!app.isPackaged) return
+  const version = bundledVersion()
+  if (!version) return
+  probe = import("@opencode/client/service")
+    .then(({ Service }) => Service.discover({ version }))
+    .catch(() => undefined)
+}
+
+export function sidecarProbe() {
+  return probe ?? Promise.resolve(undefined)
+}
+
+function bundledVersion() {
+  try {
+    return readFileSync(path.join(process.resourcesPath, "opencode-cli.version"), "utf8").trim()
+  } catch {
+    return ""
+  }
+}

packages/desktop/src/main/storage/index.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ export * as DesktopStorage from "./index"
 
 import { app, BrowserWindow } from "electron"
 import { Context, Effect, Layer, Path } from "effect"
+import { marks } from "../lifecycle/marks"
 import { openDatabase } from "./database"
+import { setStorageSnapshotProvider } from "./snapshot"
 import { createDraftStore } from "./drafts"
 import { importLegacyStores } from "./legacy"
 import { createStateStore } from "./state"
@@ -40,6 +42,8 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
         storage.close()
       }),
     )
+    setStorageSnapshotProvider((names) => Object.fromEntries(names.map((name) => [name, storage.state.items(name)])))
+    marks.storage = Date.now()
     return Service.of(storage)
   }),
 )

packages/desktop/src/main/storage/snapshot.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import { existsSync, readdirSync } from "node:fs"
+import path from "node:path"
+import { DatabaseSync } from "node:sqlite"
+import { app, ipcMain } from "electron"
+import { StorageSnapshotChannel, type StorageSnapshot } from "../../shared/ipc-transport"
+import { isRendererUrl } from "../windows/scheme"
+
+// A window's preload asks for the namespaces its shell reads before the page runs, so the first
+// render is the hydrated one. Until the storage layer is up (the first window asks before it exists)
+// the answer comes from the database file; the layer takes over so later windows see queued writes.
+type Provider = (names: ReadonlyArray<string>) => StorageSnapshot
+
+let provider: Provider = readFromDisk
+
+export function setStorageSnapshotProvider(next: Provider) {
+  provider = next
+}
+
+export function registerStorageSnapshotHandler() {
+  ipcMain.handle(StorageSnapshotChannel, (event, names: unknown): StorageSnapshot => {
+    if (!isRendererUrl(event.senderFrame?.url)) return {}
+    if (!Array.isArray(names)) return {}
+    return provider(names.filter((name): name is string => typeof name === "string"))
+  })
+}
+
+// Nothing has been written in this process yet, so every namespace is at revision 0, as the
+// storage layer would report before its first update. Legacy electron-store files still waiting
+// to be imported would make the database stale for this launch, so the renderer asks the layer then.
+function readFromDisk(names: ReadonlyArray<string>): StorageSnapshot {
+  const userData = app.getPath("userData")
+  const file = path.join(userData, "drafts.sqlite")
+  if (!existsSync(file)) return {}
+  if (readdirSync(userData).some((name) => name === "default.dat" || /^opencode\..+\.dat$/.test(name))) return {}
+  try {
+    const db = new DatabaseSync(file)
+    try {
+      const rows = db.prepare("SELECT key, value FROM state WHERE name = ?")
+      return Object.fromEntries(
+        names.map((name) => [
+          name,
+          {
+            items: Object.fromEntries(
+              (rows.all(name) as { key: string; value: string }[]).map((row) => [row.key, row.value]),
+            ),
+            revision: 0,
+          },
+        ]),
+      )
+    } finally {
+      db.close()
+    }
+  } catch {
+    return {}
+  }
+}

packages/desktop/src/main/windows/bootstrap.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { windowBootstrapArgument, type WindowBootstrap } from "../../shared/window-bootstrap"
+import { getDefaultServerUrl } from "../service/server-settings"
+import { FIRST_LAUNCH_ONBOARDING_COMPLETE_KEY } from "../storage/keys"
+import { getStore } from "../storage/store"
+
+// The settings store is already in memory when a window is created, so the renderer gets the
+// answers its shell gate would otherwise ask for over IPC. A fresh install has no onboarding
+// decision yet; the renderer asks once the layers have made one.
+export function windowBootstrap(id: string): WindowBootstrap {
+  const complete = getStore().get(FIRST_LAUNCH_ONBOARDING_COMPLETE_KEY)
+  return {
+    id,
+    firstLaunchPending: typeof complete === "boolean" ? !complete : undefined,
+    defaultServerUrl: getDefaultServerUrl(),
+  }
+}
+
+export function windowArguments(id: string) {
+  return [windowBootstrapArgument(windowBootstrap(id))]
+}

packages/desktop/src/main/windows/defaults.ts

@@ -9,10 +9,6 @@ import { getStore } from "../storage/store"
 // full window setup in appearance.ts, so both draw the same frame.
 
 const oc2Theme = oc2ThemeJson as DesktopTheme
-const oc2Background = {
-  light: resolveThemeVariant(oc2Theme.light, false)["background-base"],
-  dark: resolveThemeVariant(oc2Theme.dark, true)["background-base"],
-}
 // Match the renderer's 36px titlebar plus its former 8px content inset.
 export const titlebarHeight = 44
 
@@ -21,10 +17,13 @@ export function tone() {
 }
 
 // The colour the renderer reported on its last run, or the default theme's for the system tone, so
-// a window shown before the renderer paints already has the right background.
+// a window shown before the renderer paints already has the right background. Resolving a palette
+// costs tens of milliseconds before the first window, so it only happens when nothing is stored.
 export function storedBackgroundColor() {
   const stored = getStore().get(BACKGROUND_COLOR_KEY)
-  return typeof stored === "string" ? stored : oc2Background[tone()]
+  if (typeof stored === "string") return stored
+  const dark = tone() === "dark"
+  return resolveThemeVariant(dark ? oc2Theme.dark : oc2Theme.light, dark)["background-base"]
 }
 
 export function titlebarOverlay(mode: "light" | "dark" = tone(), zoom = 1) {

packages/desktop/src/main/windows/early.ts

@@ -1,14 +1,25 @@
 import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto"
 import path from "node:path"
 import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url"
-import { app, BrowserWindow, screen } from "electron"
-import { windowIDArgument } from "../../shared/window-bootstrap"
+import { app, BrowserWindow, screen, shell } from "electron"
+import { resolveExternalURL } from "../files/external-url"
+import { windowArguments } from "./bootstrap"
 import { WINDOW_IDS_KEY } from "../storage/keys"
 import { getStore } from "../storage/store"
 import { storedBackgroundColor, titlebarOverlay } from "./defaults"
+import { registerRendererProtocol } from "./protocol"
+import { loadWindow } from "./scheme"
+import { allowRendererPermissions, wireNavigationPolicy, wireRendererHeaders } from "./security"
 import { manageWindowState, readWindowState, resolveWindowState, windowStateFile, type WindowState } from "./window-state"
 
-export type EarlyWindow = { id: string; win: BrowserWindow; state: WindowState; shownAt: number }
+export type EarlyWindow = {
+  id: string
+  win: BrowserWindow
+  state: WindowState
+  shownAt: number
+  // Navigation policy is wired before the layers exist; the adopter swaps in the logged version.
+  openExternal: (url: string) => void
+}
 
 let pending: EarlyWindow | undefined
 
@@ -46,7 +57,7 @@ export function createEarlyWindow() {
       contextIsolation: true,
       nodeIntegration: false,
       sandbox: true,
-      additionalArguments: [windowIDArgument(id)],
+      additionalArguments: windowArguments(id),
     },
   })
   manageWindowState(win, file, state, displays)
@@ -56,7 +67,24 @@ export function createEarlyWindow() {
     pending = undefined
     app.quit()
   })
-  pending = { id, win, state, shownAt: Date.now() }
+  const record: EarlyWindow = {
+    id,
+    win,
+    state,
+    shownAt: Date.now(),
+    openExternal: (url) => {
+      const target = resolveExternalURL(url)
+      if (target) void shell.openExternal(target)
+    },
+  }
+  pending = record
+  // The renderer boots while the main bundle and layers load, instead of after them. Everything the
+  // page needs before its first request is wired here; the IPC port arrives once the layers are up.
+  registerRendererProtocol(path.join(root, "../renderer"))
+  allowRendererPermissions(win)
+  wireNavigationPolicy(win, (url) => record.openExternal(url))
+  wireRendererHeaders(win)
+  loadWindow(win, "index.html")
 }
 
 export function takeEarlyWindow() {

packages/desktop/src/main/windows/index.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ import { DesktopPaths } from "../paths"
 import { DesktopStorage } from "../storage"
 import { getStore } from "../storage/store"
 import { WINDOW_IDS_KEY } from "../storage/keys"
-import { windowIDArgument } from "../../shared/window-bootstrap"
+import { windowDataFile } from "../../shared/ipc-transport"
+import { windowArguments } from "./bootstrap"
 import {
   getBackgroundColor,
   getPinchZoomEnabled,
@@ -21,7 +22,8 @@ import {
   wireFullscreen,
   wireZoom,
 } from "./appearance"
-import { loadWindow, registerRendererProtocol } from "./protocol"
+import { registerRendererProtocol, setProtocolReporter } from "./protocol"
+import { loadWindow } from "./scheme"
 import { createWindowRegistry } from "./registry"
 import { makeWindowRecovery } from "./recovery"
 import { takeEarlyWindow, type EarlyWindow } from "./early"
@@ -48,6 +50,7 @@ export {
   getBackgroundColor,
   getPinchZoomEnabled,
   registerRendererProtocol,
+  setProtocolReporter,
   setBackgroundColor,
   setDockIcon,
   setPinchZoomEnabled,
@@ -115,18 +118,23 @@ export const makeMainWindows = Effect.fn("Window.make")(function* () {
         ...appearance,
         webPreferences: {
           ...appearance.webPreferences,
-          additionalArguments: [windowIDArgument(id)],
+          additionalArguments: windowArguments(id),
         },
       })
 
-    allowRendererPermissions(win)
+    // The early window was secured and loaded when it was created; only its external-URL policy is
+    // upgraded to the logged one.
+    if (early) early.openExternal = (url) => runFork(openExternalURL(url))
+    if (!early) {
+      allowRendererPermissions(win)
+      wireNavigationPolicy(win, (url) => runFork(openExternalURL(url)))
+      wireRendererHeaders(win)
+      manageWindowState(win, stateFile, state, displays)
+    }
     wireWindowRecovery(win, id, () => relaunchHandler())
-    wireNavigationPolicy(win, (url) => runFork(openExternalURL(url)))
-    wireRendererHeaders(win)
-    if (!early) manageWindowState(win, stateFile, state, displays)
     register(win, id)
     wireFullscreen(win)
-    loadWindow(win, "index.html")
+    if (!early) loadWindow(win, "index.html")
     wireZoom(win)
     let contentReady = false
     let appliedTheme = false
@@ -182,12 +190,4 @@ export const makeMainWindows = Effect.fn("Window.make")(function* () {
   return { create, restore }
 })
 
-// Mirrors windowStorage() in packages/app/src/runtime/persistence/storage.ts; it is the state
-// namespace the renderer persists this window's tabs under.
-function windowDataFile(id: string) {
-  return `opencode.window.${safeWindowID(id)}.dat`
-}
 
-function safeWindowID(id: string) {
-  return id.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9._-]/g, "-")
-}

packages/desktop/src/main/windows/protocol.ts

@@ -1,73 +1,85 @@
 import { net, protocol } from "electron"
-import type { BrowserWindow } from "electron"
+import path from "node:path"
 import { pathToFileURL } from "node:url"
-import { Effect, Path } from "effect"
-import { scoped } from "../native/logging"
-import { DesktopPaths } from "../paths"
 import { documentPolicyHeader, jsCallStacksDocumentPolicy } from "./headers"
 import { rendererHost, rendererProtocol } from "./scheme"
 
-export const registerRendererProtocol = Effect.fn("Window.registerRendererProtocol")(function* () {
-  const path = yield* Path.Path
-  const paths = yield* DesktopPaths.resolve
-  const runFork = Effect.runForkWith(yield* Effect.context<never>())
+export type ProtocolReport = (level: "warning" | "error", message: string, data: Record<string, unknown>) => void
+
+// The entry module registers the handler the moment the first window exists, before logging is up,
+// so problems go to the console until the logging layer installs a reporter.
+let report: ProtocolReport = (level, message, data) => console[level === "error" ? "error" : "warn"](message, data)
+
+export function setProtocolReporter(reporter: ProtocolReport) {
+  report = reporter
+}
+
+// Requests in flight and when the last one arrived. The entry module holds the main bundle back
+// until the renderer's initial burst of asset requests has been answered, because this handler
+// runs on the main thread and a 100 ms module evaluation would otherwise sit between the renderer
+// and its HTML.
+let inflight = 0
+let served = 0
+let lastRequest = 0
+
+export function rendererAssetsServed(options: { quietMs: number; capMs: number }) {
+  const start = Date.now()
+  return new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+    const check = () => {
+      const now = Date.now()
+      if (now - start >= options.capMs) return resolve()
+      if (served > 0 && inflight === 0 && now - lastRequest >= options.quietMs) return resolve()
+      setTimeout(check, 5)
+    }
+    check()
+  })
+}
+
+export function registerRendererProtocol(rendererRoot: string) {
   if (protocol.isProtocolHandled(rendererProtocol)) return
 
   protocol.handle(rendererProtocol, async (request) => {
-    const url = new URL(request.url)
-    if (url.host !== rendererHost) {
-      runFork(scoped("protocol", Effect.logWarning("rejected host", { url: request.url })))
-      return new Response("Not found", { status: 404 })
-    }
-
-    const file = path.resolve(paths.rendererRoot, `.${decodeURIComponent(url.pathname)}`)
-    const rel = path.relative(paths.rendererRoot, file)
-    if (rel.startsWith("..") || path.isAbsolute(rel)) {
-      runFork(scoped("protocol", Effect.logWarning("rejected path", { url: request.url, file })))
-      return new Response("Not found", { status: 404 })
-    }
-
+    inflight++
+    lastRequest = Date.now()
     try {
-      const range = request.headers.get("range")
-      const response = await net.fetch(pathToFileURL(file).toString(), { headers: range ? { range } : undefined })
-      if (response.status >= 400) {
-        runFork(
-          scoped(
-            "protocol",
-            Effect.logError("fetch failed", {
-              url: request.url,
-              file,
-              status: response.status,
-              statusText: response.statusText,
-            }),
-          ),
-        )
-      }
-      return addDocumentPolicy(response, file)
-    } catch (error) {
-      runFork(scoped("protocol", Effect.logError("fetch error", { url: request.url, file, error })))
-      return new Response("Not found", { status: 404 })
+      return await serve(request, rendererRoot)
+    } finally {
+      inflight--
+      served++
     }
   })
-})
-
-export function loadWindow(win: BrowserWindow, html: string) {
-  const devUrl = process.env.ELECTRON_RENDERER_URL
-  if (devUrl) {
-    void win.loadURL(new URL(html, devUrl).toString())
-    return
-  }
-  void win.loadURL(`${rendererProtocol}://${rendererHost}/${html}`)
 }
 
-export function isRendererUrl(value?: string, html = false) {
-  if (!value || !URL.canParse(value)) return false
-  const url = new URL(value)
-  if (html && !url.pathname.endsWith(".html")) return false
-  if (url.protocol === `${rendererProtocol}:` && url.host === rendererHost) return true
-  const devUrl = process.env.ELECTRON_RENDERER_URL
-  if (!devUrl || !URL.canParse(devUrl)) return false
-  return url.origin === new URL(devUrl).origin
+async function serve(request: Request, rendererRoot: string) {
+  const url = new URL(request.url)
+  if (url.host !== rendererHost) {
+    report("warning", "rejected host", { url: request.url })
+    return new Response("Not found", { status: 404 })
+  }
+
+  const file = path.resolve(rendererRoot, `.${decodeURIComponent(url.pathname)}`)
+  const rel = path.relative(rendererRoot, file)
+  if (rel.startsWith("..") || path.isAbsolute(rel)) {
+    report("warning", "rejected path", { url: request.url, file })
+    return new Response("Not found", { status: 404 })
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const range = request.headers.get("range")
+    const response = await net.fetch(pathToFileURL(file).toString(), { headers: range ? { range } : undefined })
+    if (response.status >= 400) {
+      report("error", "fetch failed", {
+        url: request.url,
+        file,
+        status: response.status,
+        statusText: response.statusText,
+      })
+    }
+    return addDocumentPolicy(response, file)
+  } catch (error) {
+    report("error", "fetch error", { url: request.url, file, error })
+    return new Response("Not found", { status: 404 })
+  }
 }
 
 function addDocumentPolicy(response: Response, file: string) {

packages/desktop/src/main/windows/scheme.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,28 @@
 import { protocol } from "electron"
+import type { BrowserWindow } from "electron"
 
 export const rendererProtocol = "oc"
 export const rendererHost = "renderer"
 
+export function loadWindow(win: BrowserWindow, html: string) {
+  const devUrl = process.env.ELECTRON_RENDERER_URL
+  if (devUrl) {
+    void win.loadURL(new URL(html, devUrl).toString())
+    return
+  }
+  void win.loadURL(`${rendererProtocol}://${rendererHost}/${html}`)
+}
+
+export function isRendererUrl(value?: string, html = false) {
+  if (!value || !URL.canParse(value)) return false
+  const url = new URL(value)
+  if (html && !url.pathname.endsWith(".html")) return false
+  if (url.protocol === `${rendererProtocol}:` && url.host === rendererHost) return true
+  const devUrl = process.env.ELECTRON_RENDERER_URL
+  if (!devUrl || !URL.canParse(devUrl)) return false
+  return url.origin === new URL(devUrl).origin
+}
+
 // Scheme privileges can only be granted before the app is ready, so the entry module calls this
 // before it loads anything else.
 export function registerRendererScheme() {

packages/desktop/src/main/windows/security.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type { BrowserWindow } from "electron"
 import { SidecarCredentials } from "../service/sidecar-credentials"
 import { addRendererHeaders, hasHeader, upsertHeader } from "./headers"
-import { isRendererUrl } from "./protocol"
+import { isRendererUrl } from "./scheme"
 
 const rendererPermissions = new Set(["clipboard-sanitized-write", "notifications"])
 

packages/desktop/src/preload/index.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 import { contextBridge, ipcRenderer, webUtils } from "electron"
-import { DragCancelEvent, IpcTransportPort } from "../shared/ipc-transport"
-import { windowIDFromArguments } from "../shared/window-bootstrap"
+import {
+  DragCancelEvent,
+  IpcTransportPort,
+  StorageSnapshotChannel,
+  storageSnapshotNames,
+  type StorageSnapshot,
+} from "../shared/ipc-transport"
+import { windowBootstrapFromArguments } from "../shared/window-bootstrap"
 
 ipcRenderer.on(IpcTransportPort, (event) => {
   const port = event.ports[0]
@@ -9,7 +15,15 @@ ipcRenderer.on(IpcTransportPort, (event) => {
 
 ipcRenderer.on(DragCancelEvent, () => window.dispatchEvent(new Event(DragCancelEvent)))
 
+const bootstrap = windowBootstrapFromArguments(process.argv)
+// Asked before the page runs, so the stores the shell reads are hydrated on the first render.
+const storageSnapshot: Promise<StorageSnapshot> = ipcRenderer
+  .invoke(StorageSnapshotChannel, storageSnapshotNames(bootstrap.id))
+  .catch(() => ({}))
+
 contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld("electron", {
-  windowID: windowIDFromArguments(process.argv),
+  windowID: bootstrap.id,
+  bootstrap,
+  storageSnapshot,
   getPathForFile: (file: File) => webUtils.getPathForFile(file),
 })

packages/desktop/src/preload/types.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
+import type { StorageSnapshot } from "../shared/ipc-transport"
+import type { WindowBootstrap } from "../shared/window-bootstrap"
+
 export type ElectronNative = {
   windowID: string
+  bootstrap: WindowBootstrap
+  storageSnapshot: Promise<StorageSnapshot>
   getPathForFile(file: File): string
 }

packages/desktop/src/renderer/api-types.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import type { UpdaterState } from "@opencode/app/updater"
 import type { WslServersPlatform } from "@opencode/app/wsl/types"
 import type { SshPlatform } from "@opencode/app/ssh"
 import type { BrowserPaneRequest } from "../shared/ipc-rpc/browser"
+import type { WindowBootstrap } from "../shared/window-bootstrap"
 import type {
   ClipboardImage,
   DirectoryPickerOptions,
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ export type ElectronAPI = {
   draftBlobPut(data: ArrayBuffer): Promise<string>
   draftBlobGet(id: string): Promise<ArrayBuffer | null>
   getWindowID(): string
+  getWindowBootstrap(): WindowBootstrap
   themeReady(): Promise<void>
   onMenuCommand(cb: (id: string) => void): () => void
   onDeepLink(cb: (urls: string[]) => void): () => void

packages/desktop/src/renderer/api.ts

@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ const updaterHandler = (state: UpdaterState) => {
   updaterCallbacks.forEach((callback) => callback(state))
 }
 
+// One renderer-side copy: the bridge clones on every crossing, so consumption is tracked here.
+const seeded = window.electron.storageSnapshot.then((snapshot) => new Map(Object.entries(snapshot)))
+
 export const api: ElectronAPI = {
   awaitInitialization: () => invoke("AppAwaitInitialization"),
   reconnectService: () => invoke("AppReconnectService"),
@@ -99,7 +102,15 @@ export const api: ElectronAPI = {
     invoke("AppFinishFirstLaunchOnboarding", { createDefaultProject }),
   checkAppExists: (appName) => invoke("AppCheckAppExists", { appName }),
   resolveAppPath: (appName) => invoke("AppResolveAppPath", { appName }),
-  storeItems: (name) => invoke("StorageItems", { name }).then(mutable),
+  // The first read of a namespace the preload already fetched is served from that snapshot; later
+  // reads (a window re-opening a namespace) go to the main process as usual.
+  storeItems: (name) =>
+    seeded.then((snapshot) => {
+      const item = snapshot.get(name)
+      if (!item) return invoke("StorageItems", { name }).then(mutable)
+      snapshot.delete(name)
+      return item
+    }),
   storeUpdate: (name, insert, remove) => invoke("StorageUpdate", { name, insert, remove }),
   storeClear: (name) => invoke("StorageClear", { name }),
   onStoreChanged: (cb) =>
@@ -111,6 +122,7 @@ export const api: ElectronAPI = {
   draftBlobGet: (id) => invoke("DraftsGetBlob", { id }).then((data) => (data ? toArrayBuffer(data) : null)),
 
   getWindowID: () => window.electron.windowID,
+  getWindowBootstrap: () => window.electron.bootstrap,
   themeReady: () => invoke("WindowThemeReady"),
   onMenuCommand: (cb) => listen("MenuCommandTriggered", (event) => cb(event.id)),
   onDeepLink: (cb) => listen("DeepLinksOpened", (event) => cb(mutable(event.urls))),

packages/desktop/src/renderer/desktop-app.tsx

@@ -48,15 +48,23 @@ export function DesktopApp(props: { api: ElectronAPI; updater: UpdaterPlatform;
     drawingReady: false,
     route,
   })
+  // The window was created with the answers the shell gate needs; only a fresh install, which has no
+  // onboarding decision yet, asks over IPC and waits for the port.
+  const bootstrap = props.api.getWindowBootstrap()
   const [firstLaunch] = createResource(() =>
-    props.api.isFirstLaunchOnboardingPending().catch((error) => {
-      console.error("[desktop-onboarding] first launch check failed", error)
-      return false
-    }),
+    bootstrap.firstLaunchPending !== undefined
+      ? Promise.resolve(bootstrap.firstLaunchPending)
+      : props.api.isFirstLaunchOnboardingPending().catch((error) => {
+          console.error("[desktop-onboarding] first launch check failed", error)
+          return false
+        }),
   )
   const platform = createDesktopPlatform(props.api, windowState, props.updater)
   const [sidecar, { mutate: setSidecar }] = createResource(() => props.api.awaitInitialization())
-  const [defaultServer] = createResource(() => platform.getDefaultServer?.())
+  const [defaultServer] = createResource(async () => {
+    if (bootstrap.defaultServerUrl === undefined) return platform.getDefaultServer?.()
+    return bootstrap.defaultServerUrl ? ServerConnection.Key.make(bootstrap.defaultServerUrl) : null
+  })
   const [locale] = createResource(() => preloadStoredLocale(platform))
   const [initialRoute] = createResource(
     () => !firstLaunch.loading && (firstLaunch() && initialUrl === "/" ? "/new-session" : initialUrl),

packages/desktop/src/renderer/ipc-client.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
-import { Context, Effect, Layer, ManagedRuntime, Queue, Schema, Stream } from "effect"
-import { RpcClient, RpcMessage } from "effect/unstable/rpc"
-import { DesktopRpcs, type DesktopRpcClient } from "../shared/ipc-rpc"
+import type { Effect } from "effect"
+import type { RpcMessage } from "effect/unstable/rpc"
+import type { DesktopRpcClient } from "../shared/ipc-rpc"
 import type { DesktopEvent } from "../shared/ipc-rpc/events"
 import { IpcTransportPort } from "../shared/ipc-transport"
 
-class DesktopClient extends Context.Service<DesktopClient, DesktopRpcClient>()("opencode/desktop/DesktopClient") {}
+// The main process serves Effect's RpcServer over a MessagePort; this side speaks its wire format
+// directly. Messages cross by structured clone (no serialization layer, binary stays binary), every
+// payload in the contract is JSON-native or a Uint8Array, and the main process is trusted, so the
+// renderer needs neither the Effect runtime nor the contract's schemas to talk to it. Keeping them
+// out of the renderer's initial module graph is worth about a third of its startup script.
 
 type EventTag = DesktopEvent["_tag"]
 type InvokeTag = Exclude<keyof DesktopRpcClient, "DesktopEvents">
@@ -13,55 +17,48 @@ type InvokeResult<Tag extends InvokeTag> =
   ReturnType<DesktopRpcClient[Tag]> extends Effect.Effect<infer Value, unknown> ? Value : never
 type EventValue<Tag extends EventTag> = Extract<DesktopEvent, { readonly _tag: Tag }>
 
+type Pending = {
+  readonly resolve: (value: unknown) => void
+  readonly reject: (error: unknown) => void
+  readonly chunk?: (values: ReadonlyArray<unknown>) => void
+}
+
+const pending = new Map<number, Pending>()
+const listeners = new Map<EventTag, Set<(value: unknown) => void>>()
+const beforeDispose = new Set<() => Promise<unknown> | void>()
+let nextId = 0
+
 const port = new Promise<MessagePort>((resolve) => {
   const onMessage = (event: MessageEvent) => {
     if (event.source !== window || event.data !== IpcTransportPort) return
     const value = event.ports[0]
     if (!value) return
     window.removeEventListener("message", onMessage)
+    value.addEventListener("message", (message) => receive(value, message.data as RpcMessage.FromServerEncoded))
+    value.start()
     resolve(value)
   }
   window.addEventListener("message", onMessage)
 })
 
-const ClientProtocolLive = Layer.unwrap(Effect.promise(() => port).pipe(Effect.map((value) => clientProtocol(value))))
-const ClientLive = Layer.effect(DesktopClient, RpcClient.make(DesktopRpcs)).pipe(Layer.provide(ClientProtocolLive))
-const runtime = ManagedRuntime.make(ClientLive)
-const listeners = new Map<EventTag, Set<(value: unknown) => void>>()
-const beforeDispose = new Set<() => Promise<unknown> | void>()
-// Let queued work (storage flushes) hand its messages to the port before the runtime goes away.
+// Let queued work (storage flushes) hand its messages to the port before it closes.
 window.addEventListener(
   "pagehide",
-  () => void Promise.allSettled([...beforeDispose].map((callback) => callback())).then(() => runtime.dispose()),
+  () => void Promise.allSettled([...beforeDispose].map((callback) => callback())).then(() => port.then((p) => p.close())),
   { once: true },
 )
 
+void request("DesktopEvents", null, (values) => {
+  for (const value of values as ReadonlyArray<DesktopEvent>) listeners.get(value._tag)?.forEach((fn) => fn(value))
+})
+
 export function onBeforeDispose(callback: () => Promise<unknown> | void) {
   beforeDispose.add(callback)
   return () => beforeDispose.delete(callback)
 }
 
-runtime.runFork(
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const client = yield* DesktopClient
-    yield* client
-      .DesktopEvents()
-      .pipe(
-        Stream.runForEach((event) =>
-          Effect.sync(() => listeners.get(event._tag)?.forEach((listener) => listener(event))),
-        ),
-      )
-  }),
-)
-
 export function invoke<Tag extends InvokeTag>(tag: Tag, ...payload: InvokeArgs<Tag>): Promise<InvokeResult<Tag>> {
-  return runtime.runPromise(
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const client = yield* DesktopClient
-      const method = client[tag] as unknown as (...args: ReadonlyArray<unknown>) => Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown>
-      return yield* method(...payload)
-    }),
-  ) as Promise<InvokeResult<Tag>>
+  return request(tag, payload[0] ?? null) as Promise<InvokeResult<Tag>>
 }
 
 export function send<Tag extends InvokeTag>(tag: Tag, ...payload: InvokeArgs<Tag>) {
@@ -79,42 +76,49 @@ export function listen<Tag extends EventTag>(tag: Tag, listener: (value: EventVa
   }
 }
 
-// Structured clone over the port, like Effect's worker protocol: no serialization layer, so binary
-// payloads stay binary. Buffers are cloned rather than transferred: Electron's MessagePortMain
-// drops transferred ArrayBuffers, so a request carrying one would never arrive.
-function clientProtocol(value: MessagePort) {
-  return Layer.effect(
-    RpcClient.Protocol,
-    RpcClient.Protocol.make(
-      Effect.fnUntraced(function* (writeResponse, clientIds) {
-        const inbound = yield* Queue.unbounded<RpcMessage.FromServerEncoded>()
-        const onMessage = (event: MessageEvent) => {
-          Queue.offerUnsafe(inbound, event.data as RpcMessage.FromServerEncoded)
-        }
-        value.addEventListener("message", onMessage)
-        value.start()
-        yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() =>
-          Effect.sync(() => {
-            value.removeEventListener("message", onMessage)
-            value.close()
-          }),
-        )
-        yield* Stream.fromQueue(inbound).pipe(
-          Stream.runForEach((message) =>
-            Effect.forEach(clientIds, (clientId) => writeResponse(clientId, message), { discard: true }),
-          ),
-          Effect.forkScoped,
-        )
-        return {
-          codecFor: Schema.toCodecJson,
-          send: (_clientId, request) =>
-            Effect.sync(() => {
-              value.postMessage(request)
-            }),
-          supportsAck: true,
-          supportsTransferables: false,
-        }
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
+function request(tag: string, payload: unknown, chunk?: Pending["chunk"]) {
+  const id = nextId++
+  return new Promise<unknown>((resolve, reject) => {
+    pending.set(id, { resolve, reject, chunk })
+    const message: RpcMessage.RequestEncoded = { _tag: "Request", id, tag, payload, headers: [] }
+    void port.then((p) => p.postMessage(message))
+  })
+}
+
+function receive(p: MessagePort, message: RpcMessage.FromServerEncoded) {
+  switch (message._tag) {
+    case "Chunk": {
+      pending.get(Number(message.requestId))?.chunk?.(message.values)
+      p.postMessage({ _tag: "Ack", requestId: message.requestId } satisfies RpcMessage.AckEncoded)
+      return
+    }
+    case "Exit": {
+      const id = Number(message.requestId)
+      const entry = pending.get(id)
+      pending.delete(id)
+      if (!entry) return
+      if (message.exit._tag === "Success") return entry.resolve(message.exit.value)
+      return entry.reject(failure(message.exit.cause))
+    }
+    case "Defect": {
+      const error = new Error("Desktop IPC defect", { cause: message.defect })
+      pending.forEach((entry) => entry.reject(error))
+      pending.clear()
+      return
+    }
+    case "ClientProtocolError": {
+      console.error("[desktop-ipc] protocol error", message.error)
+      return
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// The RPC failure a caller sees is the encoded error the handler failed with, as before; defects
+// and interrupts surface as errors.
+function failure(cause: ReadonlyArray<{ readonly _tag: string; readonly error?: unknown; readonly defect?: unknown }>) {
+  const failed = cause.find((item) => item._tag === "Fail")
+  if (failed) return failed.error
+  const died = cause.find((item) => item._tag === "Die")
+  if (died) return new Error("Desktop IPC handler failed", { cause: died.defect })
+  return new Error("Desktop IPC request interrupted")
 }

packages/desktop/src/renderer/startup/locale.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,22 @@
 import { loadLocaleDict, normalizeLocale, type Locale, type Platform } from "@opencode/app/desktop"
 import { storedLocaleValue } from "./locale-value"
 
+// The stored language lives in the main process's SQLite store, behind the IPC port. A copy of the
+// last answer in localStorage lets the shell mount without waiting for the port; the store is still
+// asked every launch and the copy refreshed, and the language provider hydrates from the store
+// itself, so a stale copy costs one visible switch, not a wrong language.
+const cacheKey = "opencode.desktop.language"
+
 export async function preloadStoredLocale(platform: Platform) {
-  const raw = await platform.storage?.("opencode.global.dat").getItem("language")
-  const locale = storedLocale(raw)
+  const fresh = Promise.resolve(platform.storage?.("opencode.global.dat").getItem("language")).then(
+    (raw) => {
+      localStorage.setItem(cacheKey, raw ?? "")
+      return raw
+    },
+    () => undefined,
+  )
+  const cached = localStorage.getItem(cacheKey)
+  const locale = storedLocale(cached ?? (await fresh))
   if (!locale) return
   if (locale !== "en") await loadLocaleDict(locale)
   return locale

packages/desktop/src/shared/ipc-transport.ts

@@ -1,2 +1,16 @@
 export const IpcTransportPort = "desktop-rpc-port"
 export const DragCancelEvent = "opencode:drag-cancel"
+export const StorageSnapshotChannel = "desktop-storage-snapshot"
+
+export type StorageSnapshot = Record<string, { items: Record<string, string>; revision: number }>
+
+// The namespaces a window reads while its shell mounts. The preload asks for them before the page
+// runs so the first render already has them; mirrors windowStorage() in
+// packages/app/src/runtime/persistence/storage.ts.
+export function storageSnapshotNames(windowID: string) {
+  return ["opencode.global.dat", "default.dat", windowDataFile(windowID)]
+}
+
+export function windowDataFile(id: string) {
+  return `opencode.window.${id.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9._-]/g, "-")}.dat`
+}

packages/desktop/src/shared/window-bootstrap.test.ts

@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { windowIDArgument, windowIDFromArguments } from "./window-bootstrap"
+import { windowBootstrapArgument, windowBootstrapFromArguments } from "./window-bootstrap"
 
 describe("window bootstrap", () => {
-  test("round-trips the window ID through renderer arguments", () => {
-    const id = "window/id with spaces"
-    expect(windowIDFromArguments(["electron", windowIDArgument(id)])).toBe(id)
+  test("round-trips through argv", () => {
+    const bootstrap = { id: "win a/b ü", firstLaunchPending: false, defaultServerUrl: "http://127.0.0.1:1234" }
+    expect(windowBootstrapFromArguments(["electron", windowBootstrapArgument(bootstrap)])).toEqual(bootstrap)
   })
 
-  test("requires a window ID argument", () => {
-    expect(() => windowIDFromArguments(["electron"])).toThrow("Window ID argument not found")
+  test("keeps unknown values absent", () => {
+    expect(windowBootstrapFromArguments([windowBootstrapArgument({ id: "x" })])).toEqual({ id: "x" })
+  })
+
+  test("throws when the argument is missing", () => {
+    expect(() => windowBootstrapFromArguments(["electron"])).toThrow("Window bootstrap argument not found")
   })
 })

packages/desktop/src/shared/window-bootstrap.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
-const windowIDPrefix = "--opencode-window-id="
-
-export function windowIDArgument(id: string) {
-  return windowIDPrefix + encodeURIComponent(id)
+// What the main process already knows when it creates a window, handed to the renderer through the
+// preload's argv so the shell can mount before the IPC port exists. Undefined means "ask over IPC".
+export type WindowBootstrap = {
+  id: string
+  firstLaunchPending?: boolean
+  defaultServerUrl?: string | null
 }
 
-export function windowIDFromArguments(args: readonly string[]) {
-  const value = args.find((arg) => arg.startsWith(windowIDPrefix))?.slice(windowIDPrefix.length)
-  if (!value) throw new Error("Window ID argument not found")
-  return decodeURIComponent(value)
+const prefix = "--opencode-window="
+
+export function windowBootstrapArgument(bootstrap: WindowBootstrap) {
+  return prefix + encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(bootstrap))
+}
+
+export function windowBootstrapFromArguments(args: readonly string[]): WindowBootstrap {
+  const value = args.find((arg) => arg.startsWith(prefix))?.slice(prefix.length)
+  if (!value) throw new Error("Window bootstrap argument not found")
+  return JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent(value))
 }

packages/protocol/src/groups/session.ts

@@ -359,7 +359,6 @@ export const makeSessionGroup = <
         params: { sessionID: Session.ID },
         payload: Schema.Struct({
           title: Schema.String.pipe(Schema.optional),
-          metadata: Session.Metadata.pipe(Schema.optional),
           permissions: Permission.Ruleset.pipe(Schema.optional),
         }),
         success: HttpApiSchema.NoContent,

packages/schema/src/session-event.ts

@@ -111,16 +111,6 @@ export const Renamed = Event.durable({
 })
 export type Renamed = typeof Renamed.Type
 
-export const MetadataUpdated = Event.durable({
-  type: "session.metadata.updated",
-  ...options,
-  schema: {
-    ...Base,
-    metadata: SessionMetadata,
-  },
-})
-export type MetadataUpdated = typeof MetadataUpdated.Type
-
 export const Permissions = Event.durable({
   type: "session.permissions",
   ...options,
@@ -658,7 +648,6 @@ export const Definitions = Event.inventory(
   ModelSelected,
   Moved,
   Renamed,
-  MetadataUpdated,
   Permissions,
   Viewed,
   UsageUpdated,

packages/schema/src/session-metadata.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { Schema } from "effect"
 
 /**
- * Host-supplied session annotations, durable and opaque to core. Keys are
- * arbitrary; values must be JSON-serializable. Children and forks inherit
- * the parent's current metadata unless the creator supplies its own.
+ * Host-supplied session annotations, durable from creation and opaque to
+ * core. Keys are arbitrary; values must be JSON-serializable. Children and
+ * forks inherit the parent's metadata unless the creator supplies its own.
  */
 export const SessionMetadata = Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Json).annotate({
   identifier: "Session.Metadata",

packages/schema/test/event-manifest.test.ts

@@ -115,7 +115,6 @@ describe("public event manifest", () => {
         "session.model.selected.1",
         "session.moved.1",
         "session.renamed.1",
-        "session.metadata.updated.1",
         "session.permissions.1",
         "session.viewed.1",
         "session.message.content.updated.1",

packages/server/src/handlers/session.ts

@@ -266,10 +266,6 @@ export const SessionHandler = HttpApiBuilder.group(Api, "server.session", (handl
               yield* title.generate(ctx.params.sessionID)
             }
           }
-          if (ctx.payload.metadata !== undefined)
-            yield* session
-              .setMetadata({ sessionID: ctx.params.sessionID, metadata: ctx.payload.metadata })
-              .pipe(Effect.catchTag("Session.NotFoundError", missingSession))
           if (ctx.payload.permissions !== undefined)
             yield* session
               .setPermissions({ sessionID: ctx.params.sessionID, permissions: ctx.payload.permissions })

packages/server/test/session-update.test.ts

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-import { expect } from "bun:test"
-import { Session } from "@opencode/schema/session"
-import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
-import { it } from "../../core/test/lib/effect"
-import { ServerFetch } from "../src/fetch"
-
-const SessionResponse = Schema.Struct({ data: Schema.toEncoded(Session.Info) })
-
-it.live("updates session metadata through PATCH", () =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const handler = yield* ServerFetch.make({
-      app: { version: "test" },
-      database: { path: ":memory:" },
-      fs: { filewatcher: false },
-      models: { fetch: false },
-    })
-    const request = (path: string, method: string, body?: unknown) =>
-      Effect.promise(async () => {
-        const response = await handler(
-          new Request(`http://opencode.local${path}`, {
-            method,
-            headers: { "content-type": "application/json" },
-            body: body === undefined ? undefined : JSON.stringify(body),
-          }),
-        )
-        expect(response.status).toBe(method === "PATCH" ? 204 : 200)
-        return response.status === 204 ? undefined : response.json()
-      })
-
-    const created = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(SessionResponse)(
-      yield* request("/api/session", "POST", { metadata: { source: "create", stale: true } }),
-    )
-    yield* request(`/api/session/${created.data.id}`, "PATCH", { metadata: { source: "patch" } })
-    const updated = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(SessionResponse)(yield* request(`/api/session/${created.data.id}`, "GET"))
-
-    expect(updated.data.metadata).toEqual({ source: "patch" })
-  }).pipe(Effect.scoped),
-)

packages/tui/src/routes/session/form.tsx

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import {
   type TextareaRenderable,
 } from "@opentui/core"
 import open from "open"
-import { useTheme, useThemes } from "../../context/theme"
+import { useTheme } from "../../context/theme"
 import type { FormAnswer, FormField, FormValue } from "@opencode/client"
 import { useData, type FormWithLocation } from "../../context/data"
 import { useClipboard } from "../../context/clipboard"
@@ -58,9 +58,7 @@ const drafts = new Map<string, FormDraft>()
 
 export function FormPrompt(props: { form: FormWithLocation }) {
   const data = useData()
-  const themes = useThemes()
   const theme = useTheme()
-  const themeMode = themes.mode
   const renderer = useRenderer()
   const dimensions = useTerminalDimensions()
   const keymap = Keymap.use()
@@ -770,7 +768,7 @@ export function FormPrompt(props: { form: FormWithLocation }) {
     <box
       backgroundColor={theme.background.raised.base}
       border={["left"]}
-      borderColor={theme.hue.interactive[themeMode() === "light" ? 800 : 200]}
+      borderColor={theme.background.action.primary.focused}
       customBorderChars={SplitBorder.customBorderChars}
     >
       <box gap={1} paddingLeft={1} paddingRight={3} paddingTop={1} paddingBottom={1}>