fix(core): accept null as omitted for optional tool inputs

The JSON Schema advertised for tools renders optional fields as `X | null` because JSON cannot express undefined, so callers (models, Code Mode agents) legitimately pass null meaning "omit" and were rejected with 'Expected string | undefined'. Decode now retries with null-valued object properties removed when the first attempt fails: schemas that genuinely accept null succeed on the first attempt, array elements stay positional, and the original error is reported when the retry cannot help.
feat(desktop): add model change notices (#43288 )
2026-08-24 18:46:26 +00:00 · 2026-08-23 20:26:39 -04:00 · 2026-08-24 00:17:35 +00:00 · 2026-08-23 20:17:04 -04:00 · 2026-08-24 00:07:29 +00:00 · 2026-08-23 23:49:51 +00:00
112 changed files with 3044 additions and 1563 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+"@opencode-ai/client": patch
+"@opencode-ai/plugin": patch
+---
+
+Add form reply and cancellation operations that reconcile terminal forms in the local TUI projection.
@@ -54,12 +54,12 @@
      "name": "@opencode-ai/app",
      "version": "1.18.15",
      "dependencies": {
-        "@ibm/plex": "6.4.1",
        "@corvu/drawer": "catalog:",
        "@dnd-kit/abstract": "0.5.0",
        "@dnd-kit/dom": "0.5.0",
        "@dnd-kit/helpers": "0.5.0",
        "@dnd-kit/solid": "0.5.0",
+        "@ibm/plex": "6.4.1",
        "@kobalte/core": "catalog:",
        "@opencode-ai/client": "workspace:*",
        "@opencode-ai/schema": "workspace:*",
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
        "solid-js": "catalog:",
      },
      "peerDependencies": {
-        "effect": "4.0.0-rc.110",
+        "effect": "4.0.0-rc.111",
        "solid-js": ">=1.9.0",
      },
      "optionalPeers": [
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@
      "name": "@opencode-ai/http-recorder",
      "version": "1.18.15",
      "dependencies": {
-        "@effect/platform-node-shared": "4.0.0-rc.110",
+        "@effect/platform-node-shared": "4.0.0-rc.111",
      },
      "devDependencies": {
        "@effect/platform-node": "catalog:",
@@ -671,6 +671,7 @@
        "effect": "catalog:",
      },
      "devDependencies": {
+        "@opencode-ai/ai": "workspace:*",
        "@opencode-ai/httpapi-codegen": "workspace:*",
        "@opencode-ai/protocol": "workspace:*",
        "@tsconfig/bun": "catalog:",
@@ -1078,10 +1079,10 @@
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    "@corvu/drawer": "0.2.4",
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-    "@effect/platform-node": "4.0.0-rc.110",
-    "@effect/platform-node-shared": "4.0.0-rc.110",
-    "@effect/sql-sqlite-bun": "4.0.0-rc.110",
+    "@effect/opentelemetry": "4.0.0-rc.111",
+    "@effect/platform-node": "4.0.0-rc.111",
+    "@effect/platform-node-shared": "4.0.0-rc.111",
+    "@effect/sql-sqlite-bun": "4.0.0-rc.111",
    "@hono/standard-validator": "0.2.0",
    "@hono/zod-validator": "0.4.2",
    "@kobalte/core": "0.13.11",
@@ -1118,7 +1119,7 @@
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    "drizzle-kit": "1.0.0-rc.2",
    "drizzle-orm": "1.0.0-rc.2",
-    "effect": "4.0.0-rc.110",
+    "effect": "4.0.0-rc.111",
    "fuzzysort": "3.1.0",
    "get-east-asian-width": "1.6.0",
    "hono": "4.10.7",
@@ -1685,13 +1686,13 @@

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@@ -3853,7 +3848,7 @@

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@@ -4257,8 +4250,6 @@

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@@ -4623,8 +4614,6 @@

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-    "os-paths": ["os-paths@4.4.0", "", {}, "sha512-wrAwOeXp1RRMFfQY8Sy7VaGVmPocaLwSFOYCGKSyo8qmJ+/yaafCl5BCA1IQZWqFSRBrKDYFeR9d/VyQzfH/jg=="],
-
    "own-keys": ["own-keys@1.0.2", "", { "dependencies": { "call-bound": "^1.0.4", "get-intrinsic": "^1.3.0", "object-keys": "^1.1.1", "safe-push-apply": "^1.0.0" } }, "sha512-19YVAg7T+WTrxggPukVq7DjTv6+PJ867TmhCvBsYwmbFCsZd344rq2Ld1p0wo8f8Qrrhgp82c6FJRqdXWtSEhg=="],

    "oxc-minify": ["oxc-minify@0.96.0", "", { "optionalDependencies": { "@oxc-minify/binding-android-arm64": "0.96.0", "@oxc-minify/binding-darwin-arm64": "0.96.0", "@oxc-minify/binding-darwin-x64": "0.96.0", "@oxc-minify/binding-freebsd-x64": "0.96.0", "@oxc-minify/binding-linux-arm-gnueabihf": "0.96.0", "@oxc-minify/binding-linux-arm-musleabihf": "0.96.0", "@oxc-minify/binding-linux-arm64-gnu": "0.96.0", "@oxc-minify/binding-linux-arm64-musl": "0.96.0", "@oxc-minify/binding-linux-riscv64-gnu": "0.96.0", "@oxc-minify/binding-linux-s390x-gnu": "0.96.0", "@oxc-minify/binding-linux-x64-gnu": "0.96.0", "@oxc-minify/binding-linux-x64-musl": "0.96.0", "@oxc-minify/binding-wasm32-wasi": "0.96.0", "@oxc-minify/binding-win32-arm64-msvc": "0.96.0", "@oxc-minify/binding-win32-x64-msvc": "0.96.0" } }, "sha512-dXeeGrfPJJ4rMdw+NrqiCRtbzVX2ogq//R0Xns08zql2HjV3Zi2SBJ65saqfDaJzd2bcHqvGWH+M44EQCHPAcA=="],
@@ -5453,8 +5434,6 @@

    "strip-comments": ["strip-comments@2.0.1", "", {}, "sha512-ZprKx+bBLXv067WTCALv8SSz5l2+XhpYCsVtSqlMnkAXMWDq+/ekVbl1ghqP9rUHTzv6sm/DwCOiYutU/yp1fw=="],

-    "strip-final-newline": ["strip-final-newline@2.0.0", "", {}, "sha512-BrpvfNAE3dcvq7ll3xVumzjKjZQ5tI1sEUIKr3Uoks0XUl45St3FlatVqef9prk4jRDzhW6WZg+3bk93y6pLjA=="],
-
    "strip-indent": ["strip-indent@3.0.0", "", { "dependencies": { "min-indent": "^1.0.0" } }, "sha512-laJTa3Jb+VQpaC6DseHhF7dXVqHTfJPCRDaEbid/drOhgitgYku/letMUqOXFoWV0zIIUbjpdH2t+tYj4bQMRQ=="],

    "stripe": ["stripe@18.0.0", "", { "dependencies": { "@types/node": ">=8.1.0", "qs": "^6.11.0" } }, "sha512-3Fs33IzKUby//9kCkCa1uRpinAoTvj6rJgQ2jrBEysoxEvfsclvXdna1amyEYbA2EKkjynuB4+L/kleCCaWTpA=="],
@@ -5847,10 +5826,6 @@

    "wsl-utils": ["wsl-utils@0.1.0", "", { "dependencies": { "is-wsl": "^3.1.0" } }, "sha512-h3Fbisa2nKGPxCpm89Hk33lBLsnaGBvctQopaBSOW/uIs6FTe1ATyAnKFJrzVs9vpGdsTe73WF3V4lIsk4Gacw=="],

-    "xdg-app-paths": ["xdg-app-paths@5.5.1", "", { "dependencies": { "os-paths": "^4.0.1", "xdg-portable": "^7.2.0" } }, "sha512-hI3flOB4PLZIy5prbtTpirobtPE2ZtZ52szO+2mM9Efp6ErM398La+C1lIpNWDfNoQk+6Lsi6nMcCwVB7pxeMQ=="],
-
-    "xdg-portable": ["xdg-portable@7.3.0", "", { "dependencies": { "os-paths": "^4.0.1" } }, "sha512-sqMMuL1rc0FmMBOzCpd0yuy9trqF2yTTVe+E9ogwCSWQCdDEtQUwrZPT6AxqtsFGRNxycgncbP/xmOOSPw5ZUw=="],
-
    "xml-naming": ["xml-naming@0.3.0", "", {}, "sha512-ghig2TBE/H11aOVgmahA3MhimvkBr6JIYknH/Dhdk10nXwdbIqBJsbfMxpvFPG8bAw77gN29aQWvKpmVoPlvPQ=="],

    "xml2js": ["xml2js@0.5.0", "", { "dependencies": { "sax": ">=0.6.0", "xmlbuilder": "~11.0.0" } }, "sha512-drPFnkQJik/O+uPKpqSgr22mpuFHqKdbS835iAQrUC73L2F5WkboIRd63ai/2Yg6I1jzifPFKH2NTK+cfglkIA=="],
@@ -6173,6 +6148,8 @@

    "@dot/log/chalk": ["chalk@4.1.2", "", { "dependencies": { "ansi-styles": "^4.1.0", "supports-color": "^7.1.0" } }, "sha512-oKnbhFyRIXpUuez8iBMmyEa4nbj4IOQyuhc/wy9kY7/WVPcwIO9VA668Pu8RkO7+0G76SLROeyw9CpQ061i4mA=="],

+    "@effect/platform-node-shared/ws": ["ws@8.21.3", "", { "peerDependencies": { "bufferutil": "^4.0.1", "utf-8-validate": ">=5.0.2" }, "optionalPeers": ["bufferutil", "utf-8-validate"] }, "sha512-201TZ/kPWxoPr/OKWjquZR1SWKXcvxdH+e1xrx89b3YbmzLMFCLfnaG1HFIgWzJOEWZ7MvpK++odZufgYR50Rw=="],
+
    "@electron/asar/commander": ["commander@5.1.0", "", {}, "sha512-P0CysNDQ7rtVw4QIQtm+MRxV66vKFSvlsQvGYXZWR3qFU0jlMKHZZZgw8e+8DSah4UDKMqnknRDQz+xuQXQ/Zg=="],

    "@electron/asar/glob": ["glob@7.2.3", "", { "dependencies": { "fs.realpath": "^1.0.0", "inflight": "^1.0.4", "inherits": "2", "minimatch": "^3.1.1", "once": "^1.3.0", "path-is-absolute": "^1.0.0" } }, "sha512-nFR0zLpU2YCaRxwoCJvL6UvCH2JFyFVIvwTLsIf21AuHlMskA1hhTdk+LlYJtOlYt9v6dvszD2BGRqBL+iQK9Q=="],
@@ -6421,10 +6398,6 @@

    "@testing-library/dom/dom-accessibility-api": ["dom-accessibility-api@0.5.16", "", {}, "sha512-X7BJ2yElsnOJ30pZF4uIIDfBEVgF4XEBxL9Bxhy6dnrm5hkzqmsWHGTiHqRiITNhMyFLyAiWndIJP7Z1NTteDg=="],

-    "@vercel/cli-config/zod": ["zod@4.1.11", "", {}, "sha512-WPsqwxITS2tzx1bzhIKsEs19ABD5vmCVa4xBo2tq/SrV4RNZtfws1EnCWQXM6yh8bD08a1idvkB5MZSBiZsjwg=="],
-
-    "@vercel/functions/@vercel/oidc": ["@vercel/oidc@3.8.4", "", { "dependencies": { "@vercel/cli-config": "0.2.3", "@vercel/cli-exec": "1.0.1", "jose": "^5.9.6" } }, "sha512-FGNvVZ5pgX9FaBqkPt6VkYFZ6bWAMDzYi7nxW+1Xt+Z4fn5PuTULVwsxjKc+0uKhysyWBQmvsmM50Oh6C2/oMA=="],
-
    "@vitejs/plugin-react/@rolldown/pluginutils": ["@rolldown/pluginutils@1.0.0-beta.27", "", {}, "sha512-+d0F4MKMCbeVUJwG96uQ4SgAznZNSq93I3V+9NHA4OpvqG8mRCpGdKmK8l/dl02h2CCDHwW2FqilnTyDcAnqjA=="],

    "@vitejs/plugin-react/vite": ["vite@7.1.11", "", { "dependencies": { "esbuild": "^0.25.0", "fdir": "^6.5.0", "picomatch": "^4.0.3", "postcss": "^8.5.6", "rollup": "^4.43.0", "tinyglobby": "^0.2.15" }, "optionalDependencies": { "fsevents": "~2.3.3" }, "peerDependencies": { "@types/node": "^20.19.0 || >=22.12.0", "jiti": ">=1.21.0", "less": "^4.0.0", "lightningcss": "^1.21.0", "sass": "^1.70.0", "sass-embedded": "^1.70.0", "stylus": ">=0.54.8", "sugarss": "^5.0.0", "terser": "^5.16.0", "tsx": "^4.8.1", "yaml": "^2.4.2" }, "optionalPeers": ["@types/node", "jiti", "less", "lightningcss", "sass", "sass-embedded", "stylus", "sugarss", "terser", "tsx", "yaml"], "bin": { "vite": "bin/vite.js" } }, "sha512-uzcxnSDVjAopEUjljkWh8EIrg6tlzrjFUfMcR1EVsRDGwf/ccef0qQPRyOrROwhrTDaApueq+ja+KLPlzR/zdg=="],
@@ -6563,10 +6536,6 @@

    "esbuild-plugin-copy/chokidar": ["chokidar@3.6.0", "", { "dependencies": { "anymatch": "~3.1.2", "braces": "~3.0.2", "glob-parent": "~5.1.2", "is-binary-path": "~2.1.0", "is-glob": "~4.0.1", "normalize-path": "~3.0.0", "readdirp": "~3.6.0" }, "optionalDependencies": { "fsevents": "~2.3.2" } }, "sha512-7VT13fmjotKpGipCW9JEQAusEPE+Ei8nl6/g4FBAmIm0GOOLMua9NDDo/DWp0ZAxCr3cPq5ZpBqmPAQgDda2Pw=="],

-    "execa/get-stream": ["get-stream@6.0.1", "", {}, "sha512-ts6Wi+2j3jQjqi70w5AlN8DFnkSwC+MqmxEzdEALB2qXZYV3X/b1CTfgPLGJNMeAWxdPfU8FO1ms3NUfaHCPYg=="],
-
-    "execa/signal-exit": ["signal-exit@3.0.7", "", {}, "sha512-wnD2ZE+l+SPC/uoS0vXeE9L1+0wuaMqKlfz9AMUo38JsyLSBWSFcHR1Rri62LZc12vLr1gb3jl7iwQhgwpAbGQ=="],
-
    "express/cookie": ["cookie@0.7.2", "", {}, "sha512-yki5XnKuf750l50uGTllt6kKILY4nQ1eNIQatoXEByZ5dWgnKqbnqmTrBE5B4N7lrMJKQ2ytWMiTO2o0v6Ew/w=="],

    "fetch-blob/web-streams-polyfill": ["web-streams-polyfill@3.3.3", "", {}, "sha512-d2JWLCivmZYTSIoge9MsgFCZrt571BikcWGYkjC1khllbTeDlGqZ2D8vD8E/lJa8WGWbb7Plm8/XJYV7IJHZZw=="],
@@ -7323,8 +7292,6 @@

    "@tailwindcss/node/lightningcss/lightningcss-win32-x64-msvc": ["lightningcss-win32-x64-msvc@1.32.0", "", { "os": "win32", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-Amq9B/SoZYdDi1kFrojnoqPLxYhQ4Wo5XiL8EVJrVsB8ARoC1PWW6VGtT0WKCemjy8aC+louJnjS7U18x3b06Q=="],

-    "@vercel/functions/@vercel/oidc/jose": ["jose@5.9.6", "", {}, "sha512-AMlnetc9+CV9asI19zHmrgS/WYsWUwCn2R7RzlbJWD7F9eWYUTGyBmU9o6PxngtLGOiDGPRu+Uc4fhKzbpteZQ=="],
-
    "@vitest/expect/@vitest/utils/@vitest/pretty-format": ["@vitest/pretty-format@3.2.4", "", { "dependencies": { "tinyrainbow": "^2.0.0" } }, "sha512-IVNZik8IVRJRTr9fxlitMKeJeXFFFN0JaB9PHPGQ8NKQbGpfjlTx9zO4RefN8gp7eqjNy8nyK3NZmBzOPeIxtA=="],

    "ai-gateway-provider/@ai-sdk/openai/@ai-sdk/provider": ["@ai-sdk/provider@3.0.14", "", { "dependencies": { "json-schema": "^0.4.0" } }, "sha512-5X1k57JBJ4H7H1QjX7CnJYAB1I19r/trVZTMcSms7/kLNZ8RaU4Nt2agcwZzv82Hfx6Q7/TOLU7agAKeFfc8cA=="],
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 {
  "nodeModules": {
-    "x86_64-linux": "sha256-P8AZ2THuXiET4hiSYTwGGdTgbm2l3XGZGJxQwg6lusE=",
-    "aarch64-linux": "sha256-73LxDeDPQspY4Bn/gbGU43j/k7gBZ5ywMMpUjDl3elg=",
-    "aarch64-darwin": "sha256-sc9YyTAFlbWxlFb9vwFYLs6IYd3SRoju9mQufzeQdd8=",
-    "x86_64-darwin": "sha256-nnk637DELjzGB3t9aLDYbHz5h3Dd3nvWcWGdaQk8yPM="
+    "x86_64-linux": "sha256-mMg7Y8ZTL+SEcX6ciNBDL+H9UT9c85EM/pZmIcsoFtA=",
+    "aarch64-linux": "sha256-9JtD/rwpmF9hD9MPNLu/fMx8mQu1vpOMLYRN+nHq/eI=",
+    "aarch64-darwin": "sha256-wLtkY3d5o88bfPriChTCSmUtEnYR6PKj86qQxNqDVOE=",
+    "x86_64-darwin": "sha256-9bqDFh7YGNK94oRDo9xp0l5r0H17g1aUtnaVPTfFEOE="
  }
 }
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@
      "packages/stats/*"
    ],
    "catalog": {
-      "@effect/opentelemetry": "4.0.0-rc.110",
-      "@effect/platform-node": "4.0.0-rc.110",
-      "@effect/platform-node-shared": "4.0.0-rc.110",
-      "@effect/sql-sqlite-bun": "4.0.0-rc.110",
+      "@effect/opentelemetry": "4.0.0-rc.111",
+      "@effect/platform-node": "4.0.0-rc.111",
+      "@effect/platform-node-shared": "4.0.0-rc.111",
+      "@effect/sql-sqlite-bun": "4.0.0-rc.111",
      "@npmcli/arborist": "9.4.0",
      "@types/bun": "1.3.13",
      "@types/cross-spawn": "6.0.6",
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
      "dompurify": "3.3.1",
      "drizzle-kit": "1.0.0-rc.2",
      "drizzle-orm": "1.0.0-rc.2",
-      "effect": "4.0.0-rc.110",
+      "effect": "4.0.0-rc.111",
      "ai": "6.0.168",
      "cross-spawn": "7.0.6",
      "hono": "4.10.7",
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ Errors must be expressed as `ToolFailure`. The runtime catches it and emits a `t
 - Input failed the `parameters` Schema.
 - The handler returned a `ToolFailure`.

-Provider-defined / hosted tools (Anthropic `web_search` / `code_execution` / `web_fetch`, OpenAI Responses `web_search_call` / `file_search_call` / `code_interpreter_call` / `mcp_call` / `local_shell_call` / `image_generation_call` / `computer_use_call`) pass through the runtime untouched:
+Provider-defined / hosted tools (Anthropic `web_search` / `code_execution` / `web_fetch`, OpenAI Responses `web_search_call` / `file_search_call` / `code_interpreter_call` / `mcp_call` / `image_generation_call` / `computer_use_call`) pass through the runtime untouched:

 - Routes surface the model's call as a `tool-call` event with `providerExecuted: true`, and the provider's result as a matching `tool-result` event with `providerExecuted: true`.
 - Callers detect `providerExecuted` on `tool-call` and **skip local dispatch** — no handler is invoked and no `tool-error` is raised for "unknown tool". The provider already executed it.
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ const SSE_EVENTS = new Set([
  "content_block_start",
  "content_block_delta",
  "content_block_stop",
+  "ping",
  "error",
 ])
 export const framing = Framing.sseEvents(SSE_EVENTS)
@@ -1004,11 +1005,13 @@ const providerErrorMessage = (event: AnthropicEvent): string => {
 }

 const onError = (event: AnthropicEvent) =>
-  new AIError({
-    module: ADAPTER,
-    method: "stream",
-    reason: classifyProviderFailure({ message: providerErrorMessage(event), code: event.error?.type }),
-  })
+  Effect.fail(
+    new AIError({
+      module: ADAPTER,
+      method: "stream",
+      reason: classifyProviderFailure({ message: providerErrorMessage(event), code: event.error?.type }),
+    }),
+  )

 const step = (state: ParserState, event: AnthropicEvent) => {
  if (event.type === "message_start") return Effect.succeed(onMessageStart(state, event))
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import {
  type ToolCallPart,
  type ToolDefinition,
 } from "../schema/index.js"
-import { JsonObject, optionalArray, ProviderShared } from "./shared.js"
+import { JsonObject, optionalArray, optionalNull, ProviderShared } from "./shared.js"
 import { GeminiToolSchema } from "./utils/gemini-tool-schema.js"
 import { Lifecycle } from "./utils/lifecycle.js"
 import { ToolSchemaProjection } from "./utils/tool-schema.js"
@@ -82,10 +82,15 @@ export type ProviderOptionsInput = OptionsInput
 // =============================================================================
 // Request Body Schema
 // =============================================================================
+// Gemini is known to send explicit `null` for optional streaming fields
+// (usage counts, flags, whole subtrees), so every response-side optional uses
+// `optionalNull` instead of bare `Schema.optional`. The same part/content
+// schemas lower the outbound request body; encoding drops `undefined` keys,
+// so the shared schemas stay safe there.
 const GeminiTextPart = Schema.Struct({
  text: Schema.String,
-  thought: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
-  thoughtSignature: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  thought: optionalNull(Schema.Boolean),
+  thoughtSignature: optionalNull(Schema.String),
 })

 const GeminiInlineDataPart = Schema.Struct({
@@ -98,11 +103,11 @@ type GeminiInlineDataPart = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof GeminiInlineDataPart>

 const GeminiFunctionCallPart = Schema.Struct({
  functionCall: Schema.Struct({
-    id: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+    id: optionalNull(Schema.String),
    name: Schema.String,
    args: Schema.optional(Schema.Unknown),
  }),
-  thoughtSignature: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  thoughtSignature: optionalNull(Schema.String),
 })

 const GeminiFunctionResponsePart = Schema.Struct({
@@ -122,8 +127,8 @@ const GeminiContentPart = Schema.Union([
 ])

 const GeminiContent = Schema.Struct({
-  role: Schema.Literals(["user", "model"]),
-  parts: Schema.Array(GeminiContentPart),
+  role: optionalNull(Schema.Literals(["user", "model"])),
+  parts: optionalNull(Schema.Array(GeminiContentPart)),
 })
 type GeminiContent = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof GeminiContent>

@@ -186,33 +191,33 @@ const GeminiBody = Schema.Struct(GeminiBodyFields)
 export type GeminiBody = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof GeminiBody>

 const GeminiUsage = Schema.Struct({
-  cachedContentTokenCount: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
-  thoughtsTokenCount: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
-  promptTokenCount: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
-  candidatesTokenCount: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
-  totalTokenCount: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
+  cachedContentTokenCount: optionalNull(Schema.Number),
+  thoughtsTokenCount: optionalNull(Schema.Number),
+  promptTokenCount: optionalNull(Schema.Number),
+  candidatesTokenCount: optionalNull(Schema.Number),
+  totalTokenCount: optionalNull(Schema.Number),
 })
 type GeminiUsage = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof GeminiUsage>

 const GeminiCandidate = Schema.Struct({
-  content: Schema.optional(GeminiContent),
-  finishReason: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  content: optionalNull(GeminiContent),
+  finishReason: optionalNull(Schema.String),
 })

 const GeminiPromptFeedback = Schema.StructWithRest(
  Schema.Struct({
-    blockReason: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-    blockReasonMessage: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-    safetyRatings: Schema.optional(Schema.Unknown),
+    blockReason: optionalNull(Schema.String),
+    blockReasonMessage: optionalNull(Schema.String),
+    safetyRatings: optionalNull(Schema.Unknown),
  }),
  [Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)],
 )
 type GeminiPromptFeedback = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof GeminiPromptFeedback>

 const GeminiEvent = Schema.Struct({
-  candidates: optionalArray(GeminiCandidate),
-  promptFeedback: Schema.optional(GeminiPromptFeedback),
-  usageMetadata: Schema.optional(GeminiUsage),
+  candidates: optionalNull(Schema.Array(GeminiCandidate)),
+  promptFeedback: optionalNull(GeminiPromptFeedback),
+  usageMetadata: optionalNull(GeminiUsage),
 })
 type GeminiEvent = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof GeminiEvent>

@@ -305,8 +310,8 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("Gemini.lowerMessages")(function* (request: LLMR
      const previous = contents.at(-1)
      // Gemini rejects a continuation whose function-response turn carries extra
      // parts, so an update after a tool result starts its own user turn.
-      if (previous?.role === "user" && !previous.parts.some((item) => "functionResponse" in item))
-        contents[contents.length - 1] = { role: "user", parts: [...previous.parts, { text: part.text }] }
+      if (previous?.role === "user" && !(previous.parts ?? []).some((item) => "functionResponse" in item))
+        contents[contents.length - 1] = { role: "user", parts: [...(previous.parts ?? []), { text: part.text }] }
      else contents.push({ role: "user", parts: [{ text: part.text }] })
      continue
    }
@@ -397,8 +402,8 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("Gemini.lowerMessages")(function* (request: LLMR
    // Gemini requires every response to a parallel call batch in one user turn,
    // so consecutive tool results join the open function-response turn.
    const previous = contents.at(-1)
-    if (previous?.role === "user" && previous.parts.some((item) => "functionResponse" in item))
-      contents[contents.length - 1] = { role: "user", parts: [...previous.parts, ...parts] }
+    if (previous?.role === "user" && (previous.parts ?? []).some((item) => "functionResponse" in item))
+      contents[contents.length - 1] = { role: "user", parts: [...(previous.parts ?? []), ...parts] }
    else contents.push({ role: "user", parts })
  }

@@ -488,21 +493,25 @@ const fromRequest = Effect.fn("Gemini.fromRequest")(function* (request: LLMReque
 // to produce the inclusive `outputTokens` the rest of the contract expects.
 const mapUsage = (usage: GeminiUsage | undefined) => {
  if (!usage) return undefined
-  const cached = usage.cachedContentTokenCount
-  const nonCached = ProviderShared.subtractTokens(usage.promptTokenCount, cached)
+  // Explicit provider nulls decode as `null`; normalize to `undefined` so the
+  // token arithmetic below treats them like absent counts.
+  const promptTokens = usage.promptTokenCount ?? undefined
+  const cached = usage.cachedContentTokenCount ?? undefined
+  const thoughts = usage.thoughtsTokenCount ?? undefined
+  const visible = usage.candidatesTokenCount ?? undefined
+  const nonCached = ProviderShared.subtractTokens(promptTokens, cached)
  // `candidatesTokenCount` is visible-only; sum with thoughts to produce the
  // inclusive `outputTokens` the contract expects. Only compute the total
  // when the visible component is reported — otherwise we'd fabricate an
  // inclusive number from a partial breakdown.
-  const outputTokens =
-    usage.candidatesTokenCount !== undefined ? usage.candidatesTokenCount + (usage.thoughtsTokenCount ?? 0) : undefined
+  const outputTokens = visible !== undefined ? visible + (thoughts ?? 0) : undefined
  return new Usage({
-    inputTokens: usage.promptTokenCount,
+    inputTokens: promptTokens,
    outputTokens,
    nonCachedInputTokens: nonCached,
    cacheReadInputTokens: cached,
-    reasoningTokens: usage.thoughtsTokenCount,
-    totalTokens: ProviderShared.totalTokens(usage.promptTokenCount, outputTokens, usage.totalTokenCount),
+    reasoningTokens: thoughts,
+    totalTokens: ProviderShared.totalTokens(promptTokens, outputTokens, usage.totalTokenCount ?? undefined),
    providerMetadata: { google: usage },
  })
 }
@@ -537,7 +546,10 @@ const mapFinishReason = (finishReason: string | undefined, hasToolCalls: boolean
 }

 const finish = (state: ParserState): ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent> => {
-  const promptBlockReason = state.finishReason === undefined ? state.promptFeedback?.blockReason : undefined
+  // `?? undefined` normalizes an explicit `null` blockReason back to absent so
+  // the "nothing to finish" check below keeps its meaning.
+  const promptBlockReason =
+    state.finishReason === undefined ? (state.promptFeedback?.blockReason ?? undefined) : undefined
  const finishReason = state.finishReason ?? promptBlockReason
  if (finishReason === undefined && state.usage === undefined) return []

@@ -586,7 +598,7 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: GeminiEvent) => {
  // Supplier ids must be tracked across chunks of the same response, not just within one event's parts.
  const seenCallIds = new Set(nextState.seenCallIds)

-  for (const part of candidate.content.parts) {
+  for (const part of candidate.content.parts ?? []) {
    const signature = "thoughtSignature" in part && part.thoughtSignature ? part.thoughtSignature : undefined
    // Gemini attaches replay signatures to thought parts, visible text, or function calls;
    // each block kind must retain the signature attached to its own parts.
@@ -625,7 +637,8 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: GeminiEvent) => {
      // Gemini 2.0+ supplies a unique function call ID on the part; when omitted (e.g. Gemini 1.5),
      // generate a globally unique ID rather than a per-request counter to prevent cross-request collisions in downstream registries.
      // A repeated supplier id would replay as two identical calls, so only the first occurrence keeps it.
-      const supplied = part.functionCall.id
+      // A `null` supplier id normalizes to absent so the generated-id fallback applies.
+      const supplied = part.functionCall.id ?? undefined
      const duplicate = supplied !== undefined && seenCallIds.has(supplied)
      if (supplied !== undefined) seenCallIds.add(supplied)
      const id = supplied !== undefined && !duplicate ? supplied : `tool_${crypto.randomUUID().replaceAll("-", "")}`
@@ -642,7 +655,7 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: GeminiEvent) => {
          name: part.functionCall.name,
          input,
          providerMetadata:
-            part.thoughtSignature === undefined ? undefined : googleMetadata({ thoughtSignature: part.thoughtSignature }),
+            part.thoughtSignature ? googleMetadata({ thoughtSignature: part.thoughtSignature }) : undefined,
        }),
      )
      hasToolCalls = true
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { Protocol } from "../route/protocol.js"
 import {
  AIError,
  LLMEvent,
+  ProviderInternalReason,
  Usage,
  type FinishReason,
  type JsonSchema,
@@ -428,7 +429,7 @@ const lowerMedia = Effect.fn("OpenResponses.lowerMedia")(function* (
    return {
      type: "input_file" as const,
      filename: part.filename ?? (media.mime === "application/pdf" ? "document.pdf" : "file"),
-      ...(url ? { file_url: url } : { file_data: media.base64 }),
+      ...(url ? { file_url: url } : { file_data: media.dataUrl }),
    }
  }
  return { type: "input_image" as const, image_url: url ?? media.dataUrl }
@@ -580,8 +581,7 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("OpenResponses.lowerMessages")(function* (reques
        if (part.type === "tool-result" && part.providerExecuted === true) {
          flushText()
          const id = itemID(part.providerMetadata, providerMetadataKey)
-          if (store !== false && id && !hostedToolReferences.has(id))
-            input.push({ type: "item_reference", id })
+          if (store !== false && id && !hostedToolReferences.has(id)) input.push({ type: "item_reference", id })
          if (store === false && part.result.type === "content") {
            const content: ReadonlyArray<Content> = part.result.value
            input.push({
@@ -1105,11 +1105,19 @@ export const providerFailure = (id: string, event: Event, fallback: string) => {
      : typeof event.status_code === "number"
        ? event.status_code
        : undefined
+  const reason =
+    event.type === "error" &&
+    event.error === undefined &&
+    event.response === undefined &&
+    summary === undefined &&
+    status === undefined
+      ? new ProviderInternalReason({ message })
+      : classifyProviderFailure({ message, code, status, rawBody: body })
  return new AIError({
    module: id,
    method: "stream",
    body,
-    reason: classifyProviderFailure({ message, code, status, rawBody: body }),
+    reason,
  })
 }

@@ -1126,7 +1134,8 @@ export const step = (state: ParserState, event: Event) => {
  }
  if (event.type === "response.refusal.delta" || event.type === "response.refusal.done") {
    const value = event.type === "response.refusal.delta" ? event.delta : event.refusal
-    if (!event.item_id || typeof value !== "string") return ProviderShared.eventError(state.id, `${event.type} is malformed`)
+    if (!event.item_id || typeof value !== "string")
+      return ProviderShared.eventError(state.id, `${event.type} is malformed`)
    return Effect.succeed(
      event.type === "response.refusal.delta"
        ? onOutputTextDelta(state, event, event.item_id)
@@ -156,6 +156,9 @@ const OpenAIChatUsage = Schema.StructWithRest(
    prompt_tokens: optionalNull(Schema.Number),
    completion_tokens: optionalNull(Schema.Number),
    total_tokens: optionalNull(Schema.Number),
+    // Zai reports cache hits as top-level `cached_tokens`; DeepSeek uses `prompt_cache_hit_tokens`.
+    cached_tokens: optionalNull(Schema.Number),
+    prompt_cache_hit_tokens: optionalNull(Schema.Number),
    prompt_tokens_details: optionalNull(
      Schema.StructWithRest(
        Schema.Struct({
@@ -204,11 +207,16 @@ const OpenAIChatDelta = Schema.StructWithRest(
  [Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)],
 )

-const OpenAIChatChoice = Schema.Struct({
-  delta: optionalNull(OpenAIChatDelta),
-  finish_reason: optionalNull(Schema.String),
-  native_finish_reason: optionalNull(Schema.String),
-})
+const OpenAIChatChoice = Schema.StructWithRest(
+  Schema.Struct({
+    delta: optionalNull(OpenAIChatDelta),
+    finish_reason: optionalNull(Schema.String),
+    native_finish_reason: optionalNull(Schema.String),
+    // Moonshot streams usage on `choice.usage` instead of top-level `usage`.
+    usage: optionalNull(OpenAIChatUsage),
+  }),
+  [Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)],
+)

 const OpenAIChatError = Schema.Struct({
  code: optionalNull(Schema.Union([Schema.String, Schema.Number])),
@@ -509,6 +517,17 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("OpenAIChat.lowerMessages")(function* (request:
  return messages
 })

+// Anthropic via LiteLLM and Amazon Bedrock require `tools` to be present
+// whenever the conversation history contains tool calls/results. Send an
+// explicit empty array when we have history but no active tools.
+const hasToolHistory = (messages: ReadonlyArray<LLMRequest["messages"][number]>) => {
+  for (const message of messages) {
+    if (message.role === "tool") return true
+    if (message.role === "assistant" && message.content.some((part) => part.type === "tool-call")) return true
+  }
+  return false
+}
+
 const lowerOptions = (request: LLMRequest) => {
  const options = OpenAIOptions.resolve(request)
  return {
@@ -532,12 +551,15 @@ export const fromRequest = Effect.fn("OpenAIChat.fromRequest")(function* (
  const generation = request.generation
  const toolSchemaCompatibility = request.model.compatibility?.toolSchema
  const maxTokensField = request.model.compatibility?.maxTokensField ?? "max_tokens"
+  const hasHistory = hasToolHistory(request.messages)
  return {
    model: request.model.id,
    messages: yield* lowerMessages(request, options),
    tools:
      request.tools.length === 0
-        ? undefined
+        ? hasHistory
+          ? []
+          : undefined
        : request.tools.map((tool) =>
            lowerTool(
              tool,
@@ -581,11 +603,18 @@ const mapFinishReason = (reason: string | null | undefined): FinishReason => {
 // total) with a `reasoning_tokens` subset. We pass the inclusive totals
 // through and derive the non-cached breakdown so the `AI.Usage` contract is
 // satisfied on both sides.
+// Providers differ on cache-hit location: OpenAI uses
+// `prompt_tokens_details.cached_tokens`, DeepSeek uses
+// `prompt_cache_hit_tokens`, and Zai uses top-level `cached_tokens`.
 const mapUsage = (usage: OpenAIChatEvent["usage"]): Usage | undefined => {
  if (!usage) return undefined
  const input = usage.prompt_tokens ?? undefined
  const output = usage.completion_tokens ?? undefined
-  const cached = usage.prompt_tokens_details?.cached_tokens ?? undefined
+  const cached =
+    (usage.prompt_tokens_details?.cached_tokens ??
+      (usage as { prompt_cache_hit_tokens?: number | null }).prompt_cache_hit_tokens ??
+      (usage as { cached_tokens?: number | null }).cached_tokens ??
+      undefined) as number | undefined
  const cacheWrite = usage.prompt_tokens_details?.cache_write_tokens ?? undefined
  const reasoning = usage.completion_tokens_details?.reasoning_tokens ?? undefined
  const nonCached = ProviderShared.subtractTokens(input, ProviderShared.sumTokens(cached, cacheWrite))
@@ -691,8 +720,11 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: OpenAIChatEvent) =>
        }),
      })
    const events: LLMEvent[] = []
-    const usage = mapUsage(event.usage) ?? state.usage
    const choice = event.choices?.[0]
+    // Moonshot (and a few other OpenAI-compatible providers) attach usage to
+    // `choice.usage` instead of the top-level `usage` field.
+    const choiceUsage = (choice as unknown as { usage?: OpenAIChatEvent["usage"] })?.usage
+    const usage = mapUsage(event.usage) ?? (choiceUsage ? mapUsage(choiceUsage) : undefined) ?? state.usage
    const rawFinishReason = choice?.finish_reason
    const finishReason =
      rawFinishReason !== undefined && rawFinishReason !== null
@@ -134,13 +134,12 @@ const HOSTED_TOOLS = {
    name: "code_interpreter",
    input: (item) => ({ code: item.code, container_id: item.container_id }),
  },
-  computer_use_call: { name: "computer_use", input: (item) => item.action ?? {} },
+  computer_call: { name: "computer_use", input: (item) => item.action ?? {} },
  image_generation_call: { name: "image_generation", input: () => ({}), result: hostedToolResult },
  mcp_call: {
    name: "mcp",
    input: (item) => ({ server_label: item.server_label, name: item.name, arguments: item.arguments }),
  },
-  local_shell_call: { name: "local_shell", input: (item) => item.action ?? {} },
 } as const satisfies ResponsesHostedTools.Definitions

 const step = (state: OpenResponses.ParserState, event: OpenResponses.Event) => {
@@ -28,7 +28,11 @@ export const ResponseIncludables = [
 export type ResponseIncludable = (typeof ResponseIncludables)[number] | (string & {})

 export const ServiceTiers = ["auto", "default", "flex", "priority"] as const
-export type ServiceTier = (typeof ServiceTiers)[number]
+export type ServiceTier = (typeof ServiceTiers)[number] | (string & {})
+export const ServiceTier = Schema.declare<ServiceTier>(
+  (value): value is ServiceTier => typeof value === "string",
+  { title: "ServiceTier" },
+)

 export const Truncations = ["auto", "disabled"] as const
 export type Truncation = (typeof Truncations)[number]
@@ -38,7 +42,7 @@ export const ResponseIncludableSchema = Schema.declare<ResponseIncludable>(
  (value): value is ResponseIncludable => typeof value === "string",
  { title: "ResponseIncludable" },
 )
-export const ServiceTierSchema = Schema.Literals(ServiceTiers)
+export const ServiceTierSchema = ServiceTier
 export const TruncationSchema = Schema.Literals(Truncations)

 export const AllowedTools = Schema.Struct({
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ export type OpenAITextVerbosity = OpenResponsesOptions.TextVerbosity
 // in lockstep with `openai-node/src/resources/responses/responses.ts`.
 export const OpenAIResponseIncludables = OpenResponsesOptions.ResponseIncludables
 export type OpenAIResponseIncludable = OpenResponsesOptions.ResponseIncludable
-export const OpenAIServiceTiers = OpenResponsesOptions.ServiceTiers
-export type OpenAIServiceTier = OpenResponsesOptions.ServiceTier
+export const OpenAIServiceTiers = [...OpenResponsesOptions.ServiceTiers, "scale"] as const
+export type OpenAIServiceTier = (typeof OpenAIServiceTiers)[number] | (string & {})

 export const OpenAIReasoningEffort = OpenResponsesOptions.ReasoningEffort
 export const OpenAITextVerbosity = OpenResponsesOptions.TextVerbosity
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ const fromRequest = Effect.fn("GoogleVertex.fromRequest")(function* (request: LL
  // unlike AI Studio, so history minted there cannot be lowered verbatim.
  const contents = body.contents.map((content) => ({
    ...content,
-    parts: content.parts.map((part) => {
+    parts: (content.parts ?? []).map((part) => {
      if ("functionCall" in part) return { ...part, functionCall: { ...part.functionCall, id: undefined } }
      if ("functionResponse" in part) return { ...part, functionResponse: { ...part.functionResponse, id: undefined } }
      return part
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 import { mergeProviderOptions, type ProviderOptions } from "../schema/index.js"
-import type { OpenResponsesOptionsInput } from "./open-responses-options.js"
+import type { OpenAIServiceTier } from "../protocols/utils/openai-options.js"
+import type { Options } from "../protocols/utils/open-responses-options.js"

 export type { OpenAIResponseIncludable, OpenAIServiceTier } from "../protocols/utils/openai-options.js"

-export type OpenAIOptionsInput = OpenResponsesOptionsInput
+export type OpenAIOptionsInput = Omit<Options, "serviceTier"> & {
+  readonly serviceTier?: OpenAIServiceTier
+  readonly [key: string]: unknown
+}

 export type OpenAIProviderOptionsInput = OpenAIOptionsInput

@@ -4,10 +4,4 @@ import { GoogleVertexChat } from "../../src/providers.js"
 const model = GoogleVertexChat.configure({ accessToken: "test", project: "project" }).model("gemini")

 LLM.request({ model, prompt: "Hello", providerOptions: { serviceTier: "priority" } })
-
-LLM.request({
-  model,
-  prompt: "Hello",
-  // @ts-expect-error Vertex OpenAI-compatible service tiers use the OpenAI union.
-  providerOptions: { serviceTier: "premium" },
-})
+LLM.request({ model, prompt: "Hello", providerOptions: { serviceTier: "future-tier" } })
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ LLM.request({ model: selected, prompt: "Hello", providerOptions: { reasoningEffo
 LLM.request({ model: selected, prompt: "Hello", providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "experimental" } })
 LLM.request({ model: selected, prompt: "Hello", providerOptions: { textVerbosity: "low" } })
 LLM.request({ model: selected, prompt: "Hello", providerOptions: { textVerbosity: "verbose" } })
+LLM.request({ model: selected, prompt: "Hello", providerOptions: { serviceTier: "scale" } })
+LLM.request({ model: selected, prompt: "Hello", providerOptions: { serviceTier: "future-tier" } })
 LLM.request({ model: chat, prompt: "Hello", providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "max" } })
 LLM.request({ model: chat, prompt: "Hello", providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "experimental" } })

@@ -1492,6 +1492,73 @@ describe("Gemini route", () => {
    }),
  )

+  it.effect("survives explicit null usage counts", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(request).pipe(
+        Effect.provide(
+          fixedResponse(
+            sseEvents(
+              { candidates: [{ content: { role: "model", parts: [{ text: "Hi" }] } }] },
+              { usageMetadata: { promptTokenCount: null, candidatesTokenCount: 5 } },
+            ),
+          ),
+        ),
+      )
+
+      expect(response.text).toBe("Hi")
+      expect(response.usage).toMatchObject({ outputTokens: 5, totalTokens: 5 })
+      expect(response.usage?.inputTokens).toBeUndefined()
+      expect(response.usage?.nonCachedInputTokens).toBeUndefined()
+      expect(response.usage?.cacheReadInputTokens).toBeUndefined()
+      expect(response.usage?.reasoningTokens).toBeUndefined()
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("survives null candidates, content, parts, and finish reason", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(request).pipe(
+        Effect.provide(
+          fixedResponse(
+            sseEvents(
+              { candidates: null },
+              { candidates: [{ content: { role: "model", parts: null } }] },
+              { candidates: [{ content: null, finishReason: null }] },
+              {
+                candidates: [
+                  { content: { role: "model", parts: [{ text: "Hello" }] }, finishReason: "STOP" as const },
+                ],
+              },
+            ),
+          ),
+        ),
+      )
+
+      expect(response.text).toBe("Hello")
+      expect(response.finishReason).toEqual({ normalized: "stop", raw: "STOP" })
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("treats a null thought flag on a text part as visible output", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(request).pipe(
+        Effect.provide(
+          fixedResponse(
+            sseEvents({
+              candidates: [
+                { content: { role: "model", parts: [{ text: "Visible", thought: null }] }, finishReason: "STOP" },
+              ],
+            }),
+          ),
+        ),
+      )
+      const reasoningStart = response.events.find((event) => event.type === "reasoning-start")
+
+      expect(reasoningStart).toBeUndefined()
+      expect(response.reasoning ?? "").toBe("")
+      expect(response.text).toBe("Visible")
+    }),
+  )
+
  it.effect("fails invalid stream events", () =>
    Effect.gen(function* () {
      const error = yield* LLMClient.generate(request).pipe(
@@ -342,6 +342,7 @@ describe("OpenAI Chat route", () => {
          },
          { role: "tool", tool_call_id: "call_1", content: encodeJson({ forecast: "sunny" }) },
        ],
+        tools: [],
        stream: true,
        stream_options: { include_usage: true },
      })
@@ -78,6 +78,45 @@ describe("Open Responses-compatible route", () => {
    }),
  )

+  it.effect("uses data URLs for embedded PDF messages and tool results", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const model = configure({
+        apiKey: "test-key",
+        baseURL: "https://responses.example.test/v1",
+        provider: "example",
+      }).model("example-model")
+      const pdf = "data:application/pdf;base64,JVBERi0xLjQ="
+      const prepared = yield* compileRequest(
+        LLM.request({
+          model,
+          messages: [
+            Message.user([{ type: "media", mediaType: "application/pdf", data: pdf, filename: "input.pdf" }]),
+            Message.assistant({ type: "tool-call", id: "call_1", name: "read", input: {} }),
+            Message.tool({
+              id: "call_1",
+              name: "read",
+              resultType: "content",
+              result: [{ type: "file", uri: pdf, mime: "application/pdf", name: "result.pdf" }],
+            }),
+          ],
+        }),
+      )
+
+      expect(prepared.body.input).toEqual([
+        {
+          role: "user",
+          content: [{ type: "input_file", filename: "input.pdf", file_data: pdf }],
+        },
+        { type: "function_call", call_id: "call_1", name: "read", arguments: "{}" },
+        {
+          type: "function_call_output",
+          call_id: "call_1",
+          output: [{ type: "input_file", filename: "result.pdf", file_data: pdf }],
+        },
+      ])
+    }),
+  )
+
  it.effect("rejects OpenAI-native tools", () =>
    Effect.gen(function* () {
      const model = configure({
@@ -114,7 +153,12 @@ describe("Open Responses-compatible route", () => {

      expect(prepared.body).toMatchObject({
        input: [
-          { type: "message", role: "assistant", content: [{ type: "output_text", text: "Unclassified." }], phase: null },
+          {
+            type: "message",
+            role: "assistant",
+            content: [{ type: "output_text", text: "Unclassified." }],
+            phase: null,
+          },
        ],
      })
    }),
@@ -189,6 +233,7 @@ describe("Open Responses-compatible route", () => {
          streamOptions: { includeObfuscation: false },
          topLogprobs: 3,
          truncation: "auto",
+          serviceTier: "provider-tier",
          allowedTools: { toolNames: ["lookup"] },
          maxToolCalls: 2,
          parallelToolCalls: false,
@@ -213,6 +258,7 @@ describe("Open Responses-compatible route", () => {
        presence_penalty: 0.2,
        frequency_penalty: -0.1,
        truncation: "auto",
+        service_tier: "provider-tier",
        tool_choice: {
          type: "allowed_tools",
          mode: "auto",
@@ -188,13 +188,11 @@ describe("OpenAI Responses route", () => {
    }),
  )

-  it.effect("omits unsupported semantic service tiers", () =>
+  it.effect("passes through provider-defined service tiers", () =>
    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const prepared = yield* compileRequest(
-        LLMRequest.update(request, { providerOptions: { serviceTier: "unsupported" } }),
-      )
+      const prepared = yield* compileRequest(LLMRequest.update(request, { providerOptions: { serviceTier: "scale" } }))

-      expect(prepared.body).not.toHaveProperty("service_tier")
+      expect(prepared.body.service_tier).toBe("scale")
    }),
  )

@@ -1273,7 +1271,7 @@ describe("OpenAI Responses route", () => {
        {
          type: "input_file",
          filename: "report.pdf",
-          file_data: "JVBERi0xLjQ=",
+          file_data: "data:application/pdf;base64,JVBERi0xLjQ=",
        },
      ])
    }),
@@ -1300,7 +1298,7 @@ describe("OpenAI Responses route", () => {
      )

      expect(expectToolOutput(prepared.body).output).toEqual([
-        { type: "input_file", filename: "report.pdf", file_data: base64 },
+        { type: "input_file", filename: "report.pdf", file_data: dataUrl },
      ])
    }),
  )
@@ -1333,7 +1331,7 @@ describe("OpenAI Responses route", () => {
        {
          type: "input_file",
          filename: "report.pdf",
-          file_data: "JVBERi0xLjQ=",
+          file_data: "data:application/pdf;base64,JVBERi0xLjQ=",
        },
      ])
    }),
@@ -1358,7 +1356,7 @@ describe("OpenAI Responses route", () => {
      )

      expect(expectToolOutput(prepared.body).output).toEqual([
-        { type: "input_file", filename: "file", file_data: "AAECAw==" },
+        { type: "input_file", filename: "file", file_data: "data:audio/mpeg;base64,AAECAw==" },
      ])
    }),
  )
@@ -2652,6 +2650,47 @@ describe("OpenAI Responses route", () => {
    }),
  )

+  it.effect("decodes computer_call as provider-executed tool-call + tool-result", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const item = {
+        type: "computer_call",
+        id: "computer_1",
+        call_id: "call_1",
+        status: "completed",
+        action: { type: "click", x: 100, y: 200 },
+      }
+      const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(request).pipe(
+        Effect.provide(
+          fixedResponse(
+            sseEvents(
+              { type: "response.output_item.done", item },
+              { type: "response.completed", response: { usage: { input_tokens: 5, output_tokens: 1 } } },
+            ),
+          ),
+        ),
+      )
+
+      expect(response.events.filter((event) => event.type === "tool-call" || event.type === "tool-result")).toEqual([
+        {
+          type: "tool-call",
+          id: "computer_1",
+          name: "computer_use",
+          input: { type: "click", x: 100, y: 200 },
+          providerExecuted: true,
+          providerMetadata: { openai: { itemId: "computer_1" } },
+        },
+        {
+          type: "tool-result",
+          id: "computer_1",
+          name: "computer_use",
+          result: { type: "json", value: item },
+          providerExecuted: true,
+          providerMetadata: { openai: { itemId: "computer_1" } },
+        },
+      ])
+    }),
+  )
+
  it.effect("decodes image generation output as image content", () =>
    Effect.gen(function* () {
      const item = {
@@ -2765,7 +2804,7 @@ describe("OpenAI Responses route", () => {
            {
              type: "input_file",
              filename: "report.pdf",
-              file_data: "JVBERi0xLjQ=",
+              file_data: "data:application/pdf;base64,JVBERi0xLjQ=",
            },
          ],
        },
@@ -2796,7 +2835,7 @@ describe("OpenAI Responses route", () => {
            {
              type: "input_file",
              filename: "report.pdf",
-              file_data: "JVBERi0xLjQ=",
+              file_data: "data:application/pdf;base64,JVBERi0xLjQ=",
            },
          ],
        },
@@ -2821,7 +2860,7 @@ describe("OpenAI Responses route", () => {
            {
              type: "input_file",
              filename: "file",
-              file_data: "AAECAw==",
+              file_data: "data:application/x-tar;base64,AAECAw==",
            },
          ],
        },
@@ -3029,14 +3068,14 @@ describe("OpenAI Responses route", () => {
    }),
  )

-  it.effect("falls back to the raw payload when both error and response are absent", () =>
+  it.effect("classifies a detail-free error event as a transient provider failure", () =>
    Effect.gen(function* () {
      const error = yield* LLMClient.generate(request).pipe(
-        Effect.provide(fixedResponse(sseEvents({ type: "error" }))),
+        Effect.provide(fixedResponse(sseEvents({ type: "error", sequence_number: 2 }))),
        Effect.flip,
      )

-      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({ _tag: "UnknownProvider" })
+      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({ _tag: "ProviderInternal" })
      expect(error.reason.message).toContain('"type":"error"')
      expect(error.body).toBe(error.reason.message)
    }),
@@ -899,8 +899,26 @@ function provider() {
        name: "OpenCode",
        models: { "claude-opus-4-6": { id: "claude-opus-4-6", name: "Claude Opus 4.6", limit: { context: 200_000 } } },
      },
+      {
+        id: "company-gateway",
+        name: "Company Gateway",
+        models: {
+          "fast-nano": {
+            id: "fast-nano",
+            api: { id: "openai/gpt-5.4-nano" },
+            name: "GPT-5.4 nano",
+            limit: { context: 128_000 },
+          },
+          "long-context": {
+            id: "long-context",
+            api: { id: "company/long-context" },
+            name: "Company Gateway Extra Long Context Model for Narrow Timeline Layouts",
+            limit: { context: 128_000 },
+          },
+        },
+      },
    ],
-    connected: ["opencode"],
+    connected: ["opencode", "company-gateway"],
    default: { providerID: "opencode", modelID: "claude-opus-4-6" },
  }
 }
@@ -250,6 +250,43 @@ test.describe("session timeline projection", () => {
    expect(rows).toEqual(["AssistantPart", "TurnDivider", "AssistantPart"])
  })

+  test("renders aliased and long custom model notices", async ({ page }) => {
+    const shortName = "GPT-5.4 nano"
+    const longName = "Company Gateway Extra Long Context Model for Narrow Timeline Layouts"
+    await setupTimeline(page, {
+      viewport: { width: 420, height: 700 },
+      sessionMessages: [
+        {
+          id: "msg_model_fast_nano",
+          type: "model-switched",
+          time: { created: 1700000000000 },
+          model: { providerID: "company-gateway", id: "fast-nano", variant: "xhigh" },
+        },
+        {
+          id: "msg_model_long_context",
+          type: "model-switched",
+          time: { created: 1700000001000 },
+          model: { providerID: "company-gateway", id: "long-context" },
+        },
+        userMessage(),
+        assistantMessage(),
+      ],
+    })
+
+    const shortNotice = page.locator('[data-slot="session-timeline-notice"]').filter({ hasText: shortName })
+    const longNotice = page.locator('[data-slot="session-timeline-notice"]').filter({ hasText: longName })
+    await expect(shortNotice).toBeVisible()
+    await expect(shortNotice.getByText(`Switched to ${shortName}`, { exact: true })).toBeVisible()
+    await expect(shortNotice.locator('[data-slot="session-timeline-notice-variant"]')).toHaveText("xhigh")
+    await expect(page.getByText("fast-nano", { exact: true })).toHaveCount(0)
+    await expect(shortNotice.locator('[data-component="provider-icon"]')).toBeVisible()
+    await expect(longNotice).toBeVisible()
+    await expect(longNotice.locator('[data-component="provider-icon"]')).toBeVisible()
+    await expect(longNotice.locator('[data-slot="session-timeline-notice-variant"]')).toHaveCount(0)
+    await expect(longNotice.locator("[title]")).toHaveAttribute("title", `Switched to ${longName}`)
+    await expect.poll(() => longNotice.evaluate((element) => element.scrollWidth <= element.clientWidth)).toBe(true)
+  })
+
  test("renders user image, file attachment, file reference, and agent reference", async ({ page }) => {
    const text = "Use @explore with @src/a.ts and inspect the attachments"
    const parts: PartSeed<"user">[] = [
@@ -131,8 +131,11 @@ test("animates review and terminal panels while caching hidden terminal content"
  await resetTerminalBottomMotion(page)
  await resetTerminalAnchorGaps(page)
  await resetPanelGaps(page)
+  const reviewContent = page.locator('[data-component="session-review-v2"]')
+  await reviewContent.evaluate((element) => element.setAttribute("data-cache-probe", "original"))
  await reviewToggle.click()
-  await expect(page.locator("#review-panel")).toHaveCount(0)
+  await expect(page.locator("#review-panel")).toBeHidden()
+  await expect(reviewContent).toHaveAttribute("data-cache-probe", "original")
  await expect(panel).toBeVisible()
  await expectHeightMotions(page, "session-side-region", 2)
  await expectHeightMotions(page, "session-side-terminal-region", 2)
@@ -142,6 +145,7 @@ test("animates review and terminal panels while caching hidden terminal content"
  await expectPanelGapHeld(page)
  await reviewToggle.click()
  await expect(page.locator("#review-panel")).toBeVisible()
+  await expect(reviewContent).toHaveAttribute("data-cache-probe", "original")
  await expectHeightMotions(page, "session-side-region", 3)
  await expectHeightMotions(page, "session-side-terminal-region", 3)

@@ -161,14 +165,18 @@ test("animates review and terminal panels while caching hidden terminal content"
  await reviewToggle.click()
  await expect(page.locator("#review-panel")).toHaveCount(0)
  await expectWidthMotions(page, 2)
+  await expectSideSlideSettled(page, 2)
+  await expectHiddenSideAligned(page)

  await resetHeightMotions(page)
+  await resetHorizontalScrolls(page)
  await page.keyboard.press("Control+Backquote")
  await expect(panel).toHaveAttribute("aria-hidden", "false")
  await expect(page.locator('[data-component="terminal"]')).toBeVisible()
  await expectWidthMotions(page, 3)
-  await expectSideMotionSettled(page)
+  await expectSideSlideSettled(page, 3)
  await expectNoHeightMotion(page)
+  await expectNoHorizontalScroll(page)

  await page.keyboard.press("Control+Backquote")
  await expect(panel).toBeHidden()
@@ -209,6 +217,8 @@ test("animates review and terminal panels while caching hidden terminal content"

 type MotionProbe = {
  widths: number
+  widthEnds: number
+  horizontalScrolls: number[]
  reviewWidths: number[]
  paintGaps: { review: number; terminalSurface: number }[]
  terminalContentSizes: { width: number; height: number }[]
@@ -225,6 +235,8 @@ async function installMotionProbe(page: Page) {
  await page.evaluate(() => {
    const probe: MotionProbe = {
      widths: 0,
+      widthEnds: 0,
+      horizontalScrolls: [],
      reviewWidths: [],
      paintGaps: [],
      terminalContentSizes: [],
@@ -299,10 +311,16 @@ async function installMotionProbe(page: Page) {
        probe.heights.push(slot)
      }
    })
+    document.addEventListener("transitionend", (event) => {
+      if (!(event.target instanceof Element)) return
+      if (event.propertyName === "width" && event.target.getAttribute("data-slot") === "session-chat-panel")
+        probe.widthEnds++
+    })
    document.addEventListener("animationstart", (event) => {
      if (!(event.target instanceof Element) || event.target.getAttribute("data-component") !== "terminal-panel") return
      probe.animations.push(event.animationName)
    })
+    window.addEventListener("scroll", () => probe.horizontalScrolls.push(window.scrollX))
    ;(window as Window & { __panelMotion?: MotionProbe }).__panelMotion = probe
  })
 }
@@ -320,11 +338,10 @@ async function resetHeightMotions(page: Page) {
  })
 }

-async function expectSideMotionSettled(page: Page) {
-  const side = page.locator('[data-slot="session-side-panel-presence"]')
+async function expectSideSlideSettled(page: Page, count: number) {
  await expect
-    .poll(() => side.evaluate((element) => element.getAnimations().every((item) => item.playState === "finished")))
-    .toBe(true)
+    .poll(() => page.evaluate(() => (window as Window & { __panelMotion?: MotionProbe }).__panelMotion?.widthEnds ?? 0))
+    .toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(count)
 }

 async function expectNoHeightMotion(page: Page) {
@@ -334,6 +351,40 @@ async function expectNoHeightMotion(page: Page) {
  expect(heights).toEqual([])
 }

+async function expectHiddenSideAligned(page: Page) {
+  await expect
+    .poll(() =>
+      page.evaluate(() => {
+        const chat = document.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-slot="session-chat-panel"]')
+        const side = document.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-slot="session-side-panel-presence"]')
+        if (!chat?.parentElement || !side) return Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
+        const row = chat.parentElement.getBoundingClientRect()
+        const hidden = side.getBoundingClientRect()
+        return Math.max(
+          Math.abs(row.top - hidden.top),
+          Math.abs(row.right - hidden.right),
+          Math.abs(row.bottom - hidden.bottom),
+        )
+      }),
+    )
+    .toBeLessThanOrEqual(1)
+}
+
+async function resetHorizontalScrolls(page: Page) {
+  await page.evaluate(() => {
+    const probe = (window as Window & { __panelMotion?: MotionProbe }).__panelMotion
+    if (probe) probe.horizontalScrolls = []
+  })
+}
+
+async function expectNoHorizontalScroll(page: Page) {
+  const scrolls = await page.evaluate(
+    () => (window as Window & { __panelMotion?: MotionProbe }).__panelMotion?.horizontalScrolls ?? [],
+  )
+  expect(Math.max(0, ...scrolls)).toBe(0)
+  expect(await page.evaluate(() => window.scrollX)).toBe(0)
+}
+
 async function expectReviewWidthStable(page: Page) {
  const side = page.locator('[data-slot="session-side-panel-presence"]')
  await expect
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ function currentModels(value: unknown) {
        return [
          {
            id: model.id,
-            modelID: model.id,
+            modelID: record(model.api) && typeof model.api.id === "string" ? model.api.id : model.id,
            providerID: provider.id,
            name: model.name,
            capabilities: { tools: true, input: ["text"], output: ["text"] },
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
 import type { OpenCodeEvent } from "@opencode-ai/client/promise"
 import { createRoot } from "solid-js"
-import { createOpenCodeEventSource } from "./client"
+import { createOpenCodeEventSource, createServerTransport } from "./client"

 const permission = {
  id: "evt_permission",
@@ -84,3 +84,39 @@ describe("server event stream", () => {
    second.dispose()
  })
 })
+
+test("rotates HTTP and PTY clients together", async () => {
+  const requests: Array<{ url: string; authorization: string | null }> = []
+  const fetch = (async (input: string | URL | Request, init?: RequestInit) => {
+    const request = input instanceof Request ? input : new Request(input, init)
+    requests.push({ url: request.url, authorization: request.headers.get("authorization") })
+    return Response.json({ healthy: true, version: "2.0.0-test", pid: 1 })
+  }) as typeof globalThis.fetch
+  const transport = createServerTransport({
+    http: { url: "http://127.0.0.1:4100", username: "opencode", password: "first" },
+    fetch,
+  })
+  const initialPty = transport.pty
+
+  await transport.api.health.get()
+  const replacement = transport.update({
+    url: "http://127.0.0.1:4200",
+    username: "opencode",
+    password: "second",
+  })
+  await transport.api.health.get()
+
+  expect(replacement).toBe(transport.api)
+  expect(transport.pty).not.toBe(initialPty)
+  expect(transport.url).toBe("http://127.0.0.1:4200")
+  expect(requests).toEqual([
+    {
+      url: "http://127.0.0.1:4100/api/health",
+      authorization: `Basic ${btoa("opencode:first")}`,
+    },
+    {
+      url: "http://127.0.0.1:4200/api/health",
+      authorization: `Basic ${btoa("opencode:second")}`,
+    },
+  ])
+})
@@ -72,11 +72,12 @@ type ServerSDKBase = {

 function createServerSdkContextBase(server: ServerConnection.Any, scope: ServerScope): ServerSDKBase {
  const platform = usePlatform()
-  const api = createApiForServer({ server: server.http, fetch: platform.fetch })
-  const pty = createPtyClient(api, { url: server.http.url })
+  const transport = createServerTransport({ http: server.http, fetch: platform.fetch })
  const events = createOpenCodeEventSource()
+  const reconnect = server.type === "sidecar" && server.variant === "base" ? server.reconnect : undefined

-  const connection = createClientConnection(api, {
+  const connection = createClientConnection(transport.api, {
+    reconnect: reconnect ? async (signal) => transport.update(await reconnect(signal)) : undefined,
    flushInterval: 16,
    pageLifecycle: true,
    onEvent(event) {
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ function createServerSdkContextBase(server: ServerConnection.Any, scope: ServerS
    log: {
      info(message, data) {
        if (message !== "event stream disconnected") return
-        console.info("[global-sdk] event stream disconnected", { url: server.http.url, ...data })
+        console.info("[global-sdk] event stream disconnected", { url: transport.url, managed: !!reconnect, ...data })
      },
    },
  })
@@ -93,14 +94,48 @@ function createServerSdkContextBase(server: ServerConnection.Any, scope: ServerS
  return {
    server,
    scope,
-    url: server.http.url,
-    api,
-    pty,
+    get url() {
+      return transport.url
+    },
+    get api() {
+      return transport.api
+    },
+    get pty() {
+      return transport.pty
+    },
    connection,
    event: events.event,
  }
 }

+export function createServerTransport(input: { http: ServerConnection.HttpBase; fetch?: typeof globalThis.fetch }): {
+  update(http: ServerConnection.HttpBase): ServerApi
+  readonly url: string
+  readonly api: ServerApi
+  readonly pty: ReturnType<typeof createPtyClient>
+} {
+  const build = (http: ServerConnection.HttpBase) => {
+    const api = createApiForServer({ server: http, fetch: input.fetch })
+    return { http, api, pty: createPtyClient(api, { url: http.url }) }
+  }
+  const state = { current: build(input.http) }
+  return {
+    update(http: ServerConnection.HttpBase) {
+      state.current = build(http)
+      return state.current.api
+    },
+    get url() {
+      return state.current.http.url
+    },
+    get api() {
+      return state.current.api
+    },
+    get pty() {
+      return state.current.pty
+    },
+  }
+}
+
 export type ServerSDK = ServerSDKBase & {
  ensureDirSdkContext: (directory: string) => ReturnType<typeof createDirSdkContext>
 }
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ export namespace ServerConnection {
    http: HttpBase
  } & (
    | // Regular desktop server
-    { variant: "base" }
+    { variant: "base"; reconnect?: (signal: AbortSignal) => Promise<HttpBase> }
    // WSL server (windows only)
    | {
        variant: "wsl"
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ export const loadLspQuery = (scope: ServerScope, directory: string) =>
    queryFn: async () => [],
  })

-function makeQueryOptionsApi(scope: ServerScope, serverAPI: ServerApi) {
+function makeQueryOptionsApi(scope: ServerScope, serverAPI: () => ServerApi) {
  return {
    globalConfig: () => loadGlobalConfigQuery(scope),
-    path: () => loadPathQuery(scope, null, serverAPI.location),
+    path: () => loadPathQuery(scope, null, serverAPI().location),
    lsp: (directory: PathKey) => loadLspQuery(scope, directory),
  }
 }
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ export function createServerSyncContextInner(serverSDK: ServerSDK, data: Data) {
  if (!owner) throw new Error("ServerSync must be created within owner")

  const booting = new Map<string, Promise<void>>()
-  const queryOptionsApi = makeQueryOptionsApi(serverSDK.scope, serverSDK.api)
+  const queryOptionsApi = makeQueryOptionsApi(serverSDK.scope, () => serverSDK.api)
  const connected = () => serverSDK.connection.status() === "connected"

  const [configQuery, pathQuery] = useQueries(() => ({
@@ -101,11 +101,11 @@ export const focusTerminalById = (id: string) => {

  const textarea = terminal.querySelector("textarea")
  if (textarea instanceof HTMLTextAreaElement) {
-    textarea.focus()
+    textarea.focus({ preventScroll: true })
    return true
  }

-  terminal.focus()
+  terminal.focus({ preventScroll: true })
  terminal.dispatchEvent(
    typeof PointerEvent === "function"
      ? new PointerEvent("pointerdown", { bubbles: true, cancelable: true })
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ export function SessionScreen(props: { session: SessionModel }) {
    <>
      <SessionHeader />
      <div class="flex-1 min-h-0 flex flex-col gap-2 p-2">
-        <div ref={screen.panel.ref} class="flex-1 min-h-0 flex flex-col md:flex-row gap-2">
+        <div ref={screen.panel.ref} class="relative flex-1 min-h-0 flex flex-col md:flex-row gap-2">
          <div
            classList={{
              "@container relative z-10 shrink-0 flex flex-col min-h-0 h-full flex-1 md:flex-none transition-[width]": true,
@@ -241,6 +241,7 @@ export function SessionScreen(props: { session: SessionModel }) {
                        if (event.currentTarget !== event.target) return
                        if (event.animationName !== "side-region-presence-out") return
                        if (screen.side.region.open()) return
+                        if (sideTerminalVisible()) return
                        setStore("sideRegionPresent", false)
                        setStore("sideReviewPresent", false)
                      }}
@@ -347,9 +347,9 @@ export const Terminal = (props: TerminalProps) => {
  const focusTerminal = () => {
    const t = term
    if (!t) return
-    t.focus()
-    t.textarea?.focus()
-    setTimeout(() => t.textarea?.focus(), 0)
+    const focus = () => (t.textarea ? t.textarea.focus({ preventScroll: true }) : t.focus())
+    focus()
+    setTimeout(focus, 0)
  }
  const handlePointerDown = () => {
    const activeElement = document.activeElement
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { DataProvider } from "@opencode-ai/session-ui/context"
 import { useNavigate, useParams } from "@solidjs/router"
 import { createMemo, type ParentProps } from "solid-js"
+import { useProviders } from "@/providers/catalog/providers"
 import { LocalProvider } from "@/providers/models/selection"
 import type { ServerConnection } from "@/runtime/server/registry"
 import { sessionHref } from "@/shell/routes/session"
@@ -30,7 +31,11 @@ export function SessionUIProvider(
    await data.session.sync(sessionID).catch(() => undefined)
    navigate(href(sessionID))
  }
+  const providers = useProviders(directory)
  const sessionUIData = createMemo(() => ({
+    provider: providers.ready()
+      ? { all: providers.all(), default: providers.default(), connected: providers.connected().map((item) => item.id) }
+      : undefined,
    session: data.session.list(),
    session_status: Object.fromEntries(
      data.session
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
    "@opencode-ai/protocol": "workspace:*"
  },
  "peerDependencies": {
-    "effect": "4.0.0-rc.110",
+    "effect": "4.0.0-rc.111",
    "solid-js": ">=1.9.0"
  },
  "peerDependenciesMeta": {
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@
 import type {
  AgentInfo,
  CommandInfo,
+  FormCancelInput,
  FormInfo,
+  FormReplyInput,
  IntegrationInfo,
  LocationRef,
  LocationGetOutput,
@@ -37,7 +39,12 @@ import type {
 import { Worktree } from "@opencode-ai/schema/worktree"
 import { SessionID } from "@opencode-ai/schema/session-id"
 import { SessionMessage } from "@opencode-ai/schema/session-message"
-import { isPermissionNotFoundError, type SessionPromptInput } from "../promise"
+import {
+  isFormAlreadySettledError,
+  isFormNotFoundError,
+  isPermissionNotFoundError,
+  type SessionPromptInput,
+} from "../promise"
 import { createStore, produce, reconcile } from "solid-js/store"
 import type { SessionInbox } from "@opencode-ai/schema/session-inbox"
 import { batch, createEffect, createMemo, createSignal, onCleanup } from "solid-js"
@@ -120,6 +127,16 @@ function locationQuery(ref?: LocationRef) {
  return ref ? { directory: ref.directory, workspace: ref.workspaceID } : undefined
 }

+function formRequestOptions(sessionID: string, ref?: LocationRef) {
+  if (sessionID !== "global" || !ref) return undefined
+  return {
+    headers: {
+      "x-opencode-directory": encodeURIComponent(ref.directory),
+      ...(ref.workspaceID ? { "x-opencode-workspace": ref.workspaceID } : {}),
+    },
+  }
+}
+
 function createSync() {
  type Pending = { promise: Promise<void>; invalidated: boolean }
  const state = new Map<string, true | Pending>()
@@ -228,6 +245,32 @@ export function createData(config: CreateDataInput) {
    )
  }

+  function removeForm(sessionID: string, formID: string, ref?: LocationRef) {
+    const forms = store.session.form[sessionID]
+    if (!forms) return false
+    const location = ref && locationKey(ref)
+    const next = forms.filter((form) => {
+      if (form.id !== formID) return true
+      if (sessionID !== "global" || !location) return false
+      return !form.location || locationKey(form.location) !== location
+    })
+    if (next.length === forms.length) return false
+    setStore("session", "form", sessionID, next)
+    return true
+  }
+
+  function settleForm(input: FormCancelInput, ref: LocationRef | undefined, request: Promise<void>) {
+    return request
+      .catch((error: unknown) => {
+        if ((!isFormNotFoundError(error) && !isFormAlreadySettledError(error)) || error.id !== input.formID) throw error
+      })
+      .then(() => {
+        if (!removeForm(input.sessionID, input.formID, ref)) return
+        result.session.form.invalidate(input.sessionID, ref)
+        void result.session.form.sync(input.sessionID, ref).catch(() => undefined)
+      })
+  }
+
  function updatePending(sessionID: string, inboxID: string, delivery: SessionInbox.Delivery) {
    const index = store.session.pending[sessionID]?.findIndex((item) => item.id === inboxID) ?? -1
    const item = store.session.pending[sessionID]?.[index]
@@ -998,12 +1041,7 @@ export function createData(config: CreateDataInput) {
        return
      case "form.replied":
      case "form.cancelled":
-        setStore(
-          "session",
-          "form",
-          event.data.sessionID,
-          (store.session.form[event.data.sessionID] ?? []).filter((form) => form.id !== event.data.id),
-        )
+        removeForm(event.data.sessionID, event.data.id, event.location)
        return
    }

@@ -1420,6 +1458,12 @@ export function createData(config: CreateDataInput) {
            `session.form:${sessionID}:${sessionID === "global" ? locationKey(ref ?? defaultLocation()) : ""}`,
          )
        },
+        reply(input: FormReplyInput, ref?: LocationRef) {
+          return settleForm(input, ref, api().form.reply(input, formRequestOptions(input.sessionID, ref)))
+        },
+        cancel(input: FormCancelInput, ref?: LocationRef) {
+          return settleForm(input, ref, api().form.cancel(input, formRequestOptions(input.sessionID, ref)))
+        },
      },
    },
    project: {
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 {
  "version": "7",
  "dialect": "sqlite",
-  "id": "3fb67508-0196-4bae-b2bd-c08ece7583fd",
-  "prevIds": ["dcde8e6b-4bf4-4f6b-b2be-4030c2c3e936"],
+  "id": "be60f352-8da1-40e1-8d70-dc41121cfbc5",
+  "prevIds": ["3fb67508-0196-4bae-b2bd-c08ece7583fd"],
  "ddl": [
    {
      "name": "account_state",
@@ -1442,7 +1442,7 @@
    },
    {
      "type": "text",
-      "notNull": true,
+      "notNull": false,
      "autoincrement": false,
      "default": null,
      "generated": null,
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ async function generate() {
          renderMigration(name, await Bun.file(path.join(incremental, name, "migration.sql")).text()),
        ),
      )
-      await fs.copyFile(path.join(incremental, name, "snapshot.json"), snapshot)
+      await Bun.write(snapshot, await formatJson(await Bun.file(path.join(incremental, name, "snapshot.json")).text()))
    }

    await fs.mkdir(full)
@@ -192,6 +192,19 @@ async function formatTypescript(input: string) {
  })
 }

+// Drizzle emits every array multi-line; format the snapshot so regeneration
+// diffs stay minimal against the prettier-styled checked-in copy.
+async function formatJson(input: string) {
+  const prettier = await import("prettier")
+  const babel = await import("prettier/plugins/babel")
+  const estree = await import("prettier/plugins/estree")
+  return prettier.format(input, {
+    parser: "json",
+    plugins: [babel.default, estree.default],
+    printWidth: 120,
+  })
+}
+
 function renderRegistry(names: string[]) {
  return `import type { DatabaseMigration } from "./migration.js"
 ${names.map((name, index) => `import m${index.toString().padStart(2, "0")} from "./migration/${name}.js"`).join("\n")}
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ import m41 from "./migration/20260811161259_execution_claim_attempts.js"
 import m42 from "./migration/20260812181746_session_inbox.js"
 import m43 from "./migration/20260812213948_worktree.js"
 import m44 from "./migration/20260819222447_session_viewed_state.js"
+import m45 from "./migration/20260823191254_nullable_workspace_binding.js"

 export const migrations = [
  m00,
@@ -91,4 +92,5 @@ export const migrations = [
  m42,
  m43,
  m44,
+  m45,
 ] satisfies DatabaseMigration.Migration[]
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import type { DatabaseMigration } from "../migration.js"
+
+const migration: DatabaseMigration.Migration = {
+  id: "20260823191254_nullable_workspace_binding",
+  foreignKeys: false,
+  up(tx) {
+    return Effect.gen(function* () {
+      yield* tx.run(`
+        CREATE TABLE \`__new_workspace\` (
+          \`id\` text PRIMARY KEY,
+          \`provider\` text NOT NULL,
+          \`binding\` text,
+          \`created_at\` integer NOT NULL,
+          \`last_used_at\` integer NOT NULL
+        );
+      `)
+      yield* tx.run(
+        `INSERT INTO \`__new_workspace\`(\`id\`, \`provider\`, \`binding\`, \`created_at\`, \`last_used_at\`) SELECT \`id\`, \`provider\`, \`binding\`, \`created_at\`, \`last_used_at\` FROM \`workspace\`;`,
+      )
+      yield* tx.run(`DROP TABLE \`workspace\`;`)
+      yield* tx.run(`ALTER TABLE \`__new_workspace\` RENAME TO \`workspace\`;`)
+    })
+  },
+}
+
+export default migration
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ const schema: Omit<DatabaseMigration.Migration, "id"> = {
        CREATE TABLE \`workspace\` (
          \`id\` text PRIMARY KEY,
          \`provider\` text NOT NULL,
-          \`binding\` text NOT NULL,
+          \`binding\` text,
          \`created_at\` integer NOT NULL,
          \`last_used_at\` integer NOT NULL
        );
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ export * as FileSystemSearch from "./search.js"

 import { makeLocationNode } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/app-node"
 import path from "path"
-import { Clock, Context, Duration, Effect, Layer, Schema, Scope } from "effect"
+import { Clock, Context, Deferred, Duration, Effect, Layer, Schema, Scope } from "effect"
 import { Fff } from "#fff"
 import fuzzysort from "fuzzysort"
 import { FileSystem } from "../filesystem.js"
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ export const ripgrepLayer = Layer.effect(
    let index = emptyIndex()
    let initialized = false
    let settledAt = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY
-    let refreshing = false
+    let refreshing: Deferred.Deferred<void> | undefined
    const scan = Effect.gen(function* () {
      const next = emptyIndex()
      const previous = index
@@ -84,21 +84,25 @@ export const ripgrepLayer = Layer.effect(
      })
      index = next
      initialized = true
-    }).pipe(
-      Effect.orDie,
-      Effect.ensuring(
-        Effect.sync(() => {
-          settledAt = clock.currentTimeMillisUnsafe()
-          refreshing = false
-        }),
-      ),
-    )
-    const refresh = Effect.sync(() => {
-      if (refreshing || clock.currentTimeMillisUnsafe() < settledAt + REFRESH_INTERVAL) return
-      refreshing = true
-      return scan
-    }).pipe(Effect.flatMap((effect) => (effect ? effect.pipe(Effect.forkIn(scope)) : Effect.void)))
-    yield* refresh
+    }).pipe(Effect.orDie)
+    const refresh = Effect.suspend(() => {
+      if (refreshing) return initialized ? Effect.void : Deferred.await(refreshing)
+      if (initialized && clock.currentTimeMillisUnsafe() < settledAt + REFRESH_INTERVAL) return Effect.void
+
+      const attempt = Deferred.makeUnsafe<void>()
+      refreshing = attempt
+      return scan.pipe(
+        Effect.onExit((exit) =>
+          Effect.sync(() => {
+            settledAt = clock.currentTimeMillisUnsafe()
+            if (refreshing === attempt) refreshing = undefined
+            Deferred.doneUnsafe(attempt, exit)
+          }),
+        ),
+        Effect.forkIn(scope),
+        Effect.flatMap(() => (initialized ? Effect.void : Deferred.await(attempt))),
+      )
+    })
    return Service.of({
      find: (input) =>
        Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import {
 import { convertToBase64, parseProviderOptions } from "@ai-sdk/provider-utils"
 import { z } from "zod/v4"
 import type { OpenAIResponsesInput, OpenAIResponsesReasoning } from "./openai-responses-api-types.js"
-import { localShellInputSchema, localShellOutputSchema } from "./tool/local-shell.js"

 /**
 * Check if a string is a file ID based on the given prefixes
@@ -23,13 +22,11 @@ export async function convertToOpenAIResponsesInput({
  systemMessageMode,
  fileIdPrefixes,
  store,
-  hasLocalShellTool = false,
 }: {
  prompt: LanguageModelV3Prompt
  systemMessageMode: "system" | "developer" | "remove"
  fileIdPrefixes?: readonly string[]
  store: boolean
-  hasLocalShellTool?: boolean
 }): Promise<{
  input: OpenAIResponsesInput
  warnings: Array<SharedV3Warning>
@@ -138,25 +135,6 @@ export async function convertToOpenAIResponsesInput({
                break
              }

-              if (hasLocalShellTool && part.toolName === "local_shell") {
-                const parsedInput = localShellInputSchema.parse(part.input)
-                input.push({
-                  type: "local_shell_call",
-                  call_id: part.toolCallId,
-                  id: store ? ((part.providerOptions?.copilot?.itemId as string) ?? undefined) : undefined,
-                  action: {
-                    type: "exec",
-                    command: parsedInput.action.command,
-                    timeout_ms: parsedInput.action.timeoutMs,
-                    user: parsedInput.action.user,
-                    working_directory: parsedInput.action.workingDirectory,
-                    env: parsedInput.action.env,
-                  },
-                })
-
-                break
-              }
-
              input.push({
                type: "function_call",
                call_id: part.toolCallId,
@@ -261,15 +239,6 @@ export async function convertToOpenAIResponsesInput({
            }
          }

-          if (hasLocalShellTool && part.toolName === "local_shell" && output.type === "json") {
-            input.push({
-              type: "local_shell_call_output",
-              call_id: part.toolCallId,
-              output: localShellOutputSchema.parse(output.value).output,
-            })
-            break
-          }
-
          let contentValue: string
          switch (output.type) {
            case "text":
@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@ export type OpenAIResponsesInputItem =
  | OpenAIResponsesFunctionCall
  | OpenAIResponsesFunctionCallOutput
  | OpenAIResponsesComputerCall
-  | OpenAIResponsesLocalShellCall
-  | OpenAIResponsesLocalShellCallOutput
  | OpenAIResponsesReasoning
  | OpenAIResponsesItemReference
  | OpenAIResponsesMcpApprovalResponse
@@ -69,26 +67,6 @@ export type OpenAIResponsesComputerCall = {
  status?: string
 }

-export type OpenAIResponsesLocalShellCall = {
-  type: "local_shell_call"
-  id?: string
-  call_id: string
-  action: {
-    type: "exec"
-    command: string[]
-    timeout_ms?: number
-    user?: string
-    working_directory?: string
-    env?: Record<string, string>
-  }
-}
-
-export type OpenAIResponsesLocalShellCallOutput = {
-  type: "local_shell_call_output"
-  call_id: string
-  output: string
-}
-
 export type OpenAIResponsesItemReference = {
  type: "item_reference"
  id: string
@@ -199,9 +177,6 @@ export type OpenAIResponsesTool =
      quality: "auto" | "low" | "medium" | "high" | undefined
      size: "auto" | "1024x1024" | "1024x1536" | "1536x1024" | undefined
    }
-  | {
-      type: "local_shell"
-    }

 export type OpenAIResponsesReasoning = {
  type: "reasoning"
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ import { mapOpenAIResponseFinishReason } from "./map-openai-responses-finish-rea
 import type { OpenAIResponsesIncludeOptions, OpenAIResponsesIncludeValue } from "./openai-responses-api-types.js"
 import { prepareResponsesTools } from "./openai-responses-prepare-tools.js"
 import type { OpenAIResponsesModelId } from "./openai-responses-settings.js"
-import { localShellInputSchema } from "./tool/local-shell.js"

 const webSearchCallItem = z.object({
  type: z.literal("web_search_call"),
@@ -86,20 +85,6 @@ const codeInterpreterCallItem = z.object({
    .nullable(),
 })

-const localShellCallItem = z.object({
-  type: z.literal("local_shell_call"),
-  id: z.string(),
-  call_id: z.string(),
-  action: z.object({
-    type: z.literal("exec"),
-    command: z.array(z.string()),
-    timeout_ms: z.number().optional(),
-    user: z.string().optional(),
-    working_directory: z.string().optional(),
-    env: z.record(z.string(), z.string()).optional(),
-  }),
-})
-
 const imageGenerationCallItem = z.object({
  type: z.literal("image_generation_call"),
  id: z.string(),
@@ -205,7 +190,6 @@ export class OpenAIResponsesLanguageModel implements LanguageModelV3 {
      systemMessageMode: modelConfig.systemMessageMode,
      fileIdPrefixes: this.config.fileIdPrefixes,
      store,
-      hasLocalShellTool: hasOpenAITool("openai.local_shell"),
    })

    warnings.push(...inputWarnings)
@@ -462,7 +446,6 @@ export class OpenAIResponsesLanguageModel implements LanguageModelV3 {
              fileSearchCallItem,
              codeInterpreterCallItem,
              imageGenerationCallItem,
-              localShellCallItem,
              z.object({
                type: z.literal("function_call"),
                call_id: z.string(),
@@ -560,22 +543,6 @@ export class OpenAIResponsesLanguageModel implements LanguageModelV3 {
          break
        }

-        case "local_shell_call": {
-          content.push({
-            type: "tool-call",
-            toolCallId: part.call_id,
-            toolName: "local_shell",
-            input: JSON.stringify({ action: part.action } satisfies z.infer<typeof localShellInputSchema>),
-            providerMetadata: {
-              copilot: {
-                itemId: part.id,
-              },
-            },
-          })
-
-          break
-        }
-
        case "message": {
          for (const contentPart of part.content) {
            if (options.providerOptions?.copilot?.logprobs && contentPart.logprobs) {
@@ -1093,27 +1060,6 @@ export class OpenAIResponsesLanguageModel implements LanguageModelV3 {
                    result: value.item.result,
                  } satisfies z.infer<typeof imageGenerationOutputSchema>,
                })
-              } else if (value.item.type === "local_shell_call") {
-                ongoingToolCalls[value.output_index] = undefined
-
-                controller.enqueue({
-                  type: "tool-call",
-                  toolCallId: value.item.call_id,
-                  toolName: "local_shell",
-                  input: JSON.stringify({
-                    action: {
-                      type: "exec",
-                      command: value.item.action.command,
-                      timeoutMs: value.item.action.timeout_ms,
-                      user: value.item.action.user,
-                      workingDirectory: value.item.action.working_directory,
-                      env: value.item.action.env,
-                    },
-                  } satisfies z.infer<typeof localShellInputSchema>),
-                  providerMetadata: {
-                    copilot: { itemId: value.item.id },
-                  },
-                })
              } else if (value.item.type === "message") {
                if (currentTextId) {
                  controller.enqueue({
@@ -1528,7 +1474,6 @@ const responseOutputItemDoneSchema = z.object({
    imageGenerationCallItem,
    webSearchCallItem,
    fileSearchCallItem,
-    localShellCallItem,
    z.object({
      type: z.literal("computer_call"),
      id: z.string(),
@@ -70,12 +70,6 @@ export function prepareResponsesTools({

            break
          }
-          case "openai.local_shell": {
-            openaiTools.push({
-              type: "local_shell",
-            })
-            break
-          }
          case "openai.web_search_preview": {
            const args = webSearchPreviewArgsSchema.parse(tool.args)
            openaiTools.push({
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-import { z } from "zod/v4"
-
-export const localShellInputSchema = z.object({
-  action: z.object({
-    type: z.literal("exec"),
-    command: z.array(z.string()),
-    timeoutMs: z.number().optional(),
-    user: z.string().optional(),
-    workingDirectory: z.string().optional(),
-    env: z.record(z.string(), z.string()).optional(),
-  }),
-})
-
-export const localShellOutputSchema = z.object({
-  output: z.string(),
-})
@@ -147,7 +147,14 @@ export function buildLocationServiceMap(
            Layer.provide(LayerNode.compile(location.hoisted)),
          )
        },
-        { idleTimeToLive: (ref) => (existsSync(ref.directory) ? Duration.infinity : Duration.zero) },
+        {
+          // Workspace-placed directories exist only inside the workspace, so a
+          // local stat consults the wrong filesystem. Workspace liveness is
+          // owned by placement; do not probe the sandbox here, which would
+          // provision lazily-idle workspaces.
+          idleTimeToLive: (ref) =>
+            ref.workspaceID !== undefined || existsSync(ref.directory) ? Duration.infinity : Duration.zero,
+        },
      ),
      (inner) => ({
        ...inner,
@@ -273,28 +273,53 @@ export const layer = (options?: Options) =>
          return MCPOAuth.provider({ ...base, store: MCPOAuth.memoryStore() })
        const credentialID = found.id
        const methodID = found.value.methodID
-        let current: Credential.OAuth | undefined = found.value
+        const integrationID = entry.integrationID
+        // Tracks the refresh token this provider last presented, so invalidate can tell whether the SDK
+        // rejected the currently-stored credential or a snapshot another connection has already rotated past.
+        let presented = found.value.refresh
+        const readOAuthCredential = async () => {
+          const stored = await Effect.runPromise(credentials.list(integrationID))
+          const match = stored.find((credential) => credential.id === credentialID)
+          return match && match.value.type === "oauth" ? match.value : undefined
+        }
        return MCPOAuth.provider({
          ...base,
-          // Drop a credential the SDK rejected so the next connect cleanly reports needs_auth. Uses the raw
-          // credential service (no integration event) to avoid re-triggering the reconnect subscriber mid-connect.
+          // Drop a credential the SDK rejected so the next connect cleanly reports needs_auth — but only if it is
+          // still the stored one. Rotating servers hand out a fresh refresh token per use, so a concurrent
+          // connection may have already replaced ours; deleting then would discard the newer valid credential and
+          // strand every connection in needs_auth until a manual re-auth. Uses the raw credential service (no
+          // integration event) to avoid re-triggering the reconnect subscriber mid-connect.
          invalidate: async (scope) => {
            if (scope === "verifier" || scope === "discovery") return
-            current = undefined
+            const oauth = await readOAuthCredential()
+            if (!oauth || oauth.refresh !== presented) return
            await Effect.runPromise(credentials.remove(credentialID))
          },
+          // Always read the latest stored tokens instead of caching at connect time: with refresh-token rotation,
+          // a cached snapshot goes stale the moment another connection refreshes, and re-presenting the consumed
+          // token fails with invalid_grant.
          store: {
-            tokens: async () => (current ? MCPOAuth.toTokens(current) : undefined),
+            tokens: async () => {
+              const oauth = await readOAuthCredential()
+              if (!oauth) return undefined
+              presented = oauth.refresh
+              return MCPOAuth.toTokens(oauth)
+            },
            saveTokens: async (tokens) => {
-              current = MCPOAuth.toCredential({
+              const previous = await readOAuthCredential()
+              const value = MCPOAuth.toCredential({
                methodID,
                serverUrl: remote.url,
                tokens,
-                client: current ? MCPOAuth.clientFromCredential(current) : undefined,
+                client: previous ? MCPOAuth.clientFromCredential(previous) : undefined,
              })
-              await Effect.runPromise(credentials.update(credentialID, { value: current }))
+              presented = value.refresh
+              await Effect.runPromise(credentials.update(credentialID, { value }))
+            },
+            clientInformation: async () => {
+              const oauth = await readOAuthCredential()
+              return oauth ? MCPOAuth.clientFromCredential(oauth) : undefined
            },
-            clientInformation: async () => (current ? MCPOAuth.clientFromCredential(current) : undefined),
            saveClientInformation: async () => {},
            codeVerifier: async () => undefined,
            saveCodeVerifier: async () => {},
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import { Global } from "@opencode-ai/util/global"
 import { Effect, Stream } from "effect"
 import path from "path"
 import { Agent } from "../agent.js"
-import { Environment } from "../environment/index.js"
 import { Permission } from "../permission.js"
 import { SessionEvent } from "../session/event.js"

@@ -28,12 +27,9 @@ You are NO LONGER in Plan mode. The previous Plan restrictions no longer apply.
 export const Plugin = define({
  id: "opencode.plan",
  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
-    const environment = yield* Environment.Service
    const global = yield* Global.Service
    const directory = path.join(global.home, ".opencode", "plan")
    const enterReminder = enter(directory)
-    yield* environment.files.mkdir(directory).pipe(Effect.orDie)
-
    yield* ctx.agent.transform((draft) => {
      draft.update(plan, (item) => {
        item.name = Agent.Name.make("Plan")
@@ -30,13 +30,7 @@ export interface Coordinator<Key, E, Reason = never> {
 * with this execution's exit.
 */
 type Execution<E, Reason> = {
-  /**
-   * Resolves with the execution's exit as a success value. Success-valued on purpose:
-   * completing a Deferred with an interrupted exit interrupts suspended waiters as it
-   * resumes them, and can starve later waiters of their resume entirely
-   * (Effect-TS/effect#7364). Joiners flatten the exit; idleness waiters just await.
-   */
-  readonly done: Deferred.Deferred<Exit.Exit<void, E>>
+  readonly done: Deferred.Deferred<void, E>
  owner?: Fiber.Fiber<void>
  scope: Promotable
  pendingWake?: Promotable
@@ -84,7 +78,7 @@ export const make = <Key, E, Reason = never>(options: {

    const start = (key: Key, force: boolean, scope: Promotable) => {
      const execution: Execution<E, Reason> = {
-        done: Deferred.makeUnsafe<Exit.Exit<void, E>>(),
+        done: Deferred.makeUnsafe<void, E>(),
        scope,
        stopping: false,
      }
@@ -114,7 +108,7 @@ export const make = <Key, E, Reason = never>(options: {
    const settle = (key: Key, execution: Execution<E, Reason>, exit: Exit.Exit<void, E>) => {
      if (execution.pendingWake) start(key, false, execution.pendingWake)
      else executions.delete(key)
-      Deferred.doneUnsafe(execution.done, Exit.succeed(exit))
+      Deferred.doneUnsafe(execution.done, exit)
    }

    const run = (key: Key): Effect.Effect<void, E> =>
@@ -122,10 +116,11 @@ export const make = <Key, E, Reason = never>(options: {
        const execution = executions.get(key)
        if (execution !== undefined) {
          // A stopping execution refuses joiners: wait out its cleanup, then run fresh.
-          if (execution.stopping) return Deferred.await(execution.done).pipe(Effect.andThen(run(key)))
-          return Deferred.await(execution.done).pipe(Effect.flatten)
+          if (execution.stopping)
+            return Deferred.await(execution.done).pipe(Effect.ignoreCause, Effect.andThen(run(key)))
+          return Deferred.await(execution.done)
        }
-        return Deferred.await(start(key, true, "input").done).pipe(Effect.flatten)
+        return Deferred.await(start(key, true, "input").done)
      })

    const wake = (key: Key, scope: Promotable = "input") =>
@@ -167,7 +162,7 @@ export const make = <Key, E, Reason = never>(options: {
      Effect.suspend(() => {
        const execution = executions.get(key)
        if (execution === undefined) return Effect.void
-        return Deferred.await(execution.done).pipe(Effect.andThen(awaitIdle(key)))
+        return Deferred.await(execution.done).pipe(Effect.ignoreCause, Effect.andThen(awaitIdle(key)))
      })

    return { active: Effect.sync(() => new Set(executions.keys())), run, wake, interrupt, awaitIdle }
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import {
  type ProviderErrorEvent,
  type ToolCall,
 } from "@opencode-ai/ai"
-import { Cause, Config, Data, Effect, Exit, Fiber, FiberSet, Layer, Option, Pull, Schedule, Stream } from "effect"
+import { Cause, Config, Data, Effect, Exit, Fiber, FiberMap, Layer, Option, Pull, Schedule, Stream } from "effect"
 import { Database } from "../../database/database.js"
 import { Bus } from "../../bus.js"
 import { Permission } from "../../permission.js"
@@ -165,9 +165,7 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
      )
    })
    // Title generation starts once input is visible and must not delay model execution.
-    // The in-flight set coalesces overlapping prompts while title presence records success durably.
-    const titlesRunning = new Set<SessionSchema.ID>()
-    const forkTitle = yield* FiberSet.makeRuntime<never, void, never>()
+    const titles = yield* FiberMap.make<SessionSchema.ID, void, never>()
    /**
     * Drains eligible manual compaction and user input until the Session becomes idle.
     * Execution lifecycle is published per busy period by SessionExecution, not here.
@@ -334,7 +332,10 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
      // a blocked first step leaves pending inputs untouched.
      yield* InstructionState.prepare(db, bus, selected.instructions, selected.session.id)
      const promoted = promotable ? yield* SessionInbox.promote(db, bus, selected.session.id, promotable) : 0
-      if (promoted > 0) yield* startTitle(sessionID)
+      if (promoted > 0)
+        yield* FiberMap.run(titles, sessionID, title.generateForFirstPrompt(sessionID).pipe(Effect.ignore), {
+          onlyIfMissing: true,
+        })
      // Promoted input opens a fresh step allowance.
      const currentStep = promoted > 0 ? 1 : step
      const loaded = yield* context.load(selected)
@@ -715,22 +716,6 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
      }
    })

-    /** Starts one title request at a time after a successful step makes user input visible. */
-    const startTitle = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (sessionID: SessionSchema.ID) {
-      if (titlesRunning.has(sessionID)) return
-      titlesRunning.add(sessionID)
-      forkTitle(
-        title.generateForFirstPrompt(sessionID).pipe(
-          Effect.ignore,
-          Effect.ensuring(
-            Effect.sync(() => {
-              titlesRunning.delete(sessionID)
-            }),
-          ),
-        ),
-      )
-    })
-
    const getSession = Effect.fn("SessionRunner.getSession")(function* (sessionID: SessionSchema.ID) {
      const session = yield* store.get(sessionID)
      if (!session) return yield* Effect.die(new Error(`Session not found: ${sessionID}`))
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
    ) {
      const beforeEvent: PluginHooks.Domains["tool"]["execute.before"] = {
        tool: name,
+        inputSchema: definition(tool).inputSchema,
        sessionID: context.sessionID,
        agent: context.agent,
        messageID: context.messageID,
@@ -44,7 +44,38 @@ export const execute = (tool: Tool.Info<any, any>, input: unknown, context: Tool
    }
  })

-const decodeInput = (schema: Tool.ValueSchema<any>, value: unknown) => {
+const decodeInput = (schema: Tool.ValueSchema<any>, value: unknown) =>
+  attemptDecodeInput(schema, value).pipe(
+    Effect.catchTag("Tool.Error", (error) => {
+      // JSON Schema derived from Effect schemas advertises `X | null` for optional
+      // fields because JSON cannot express undefined, so callers legitimately send
+      // null to mean "omitted". Retry with null properties removed: schemas that
+      // genuinely accept null succeed on the first attempt, and the original error
+      // is reported when the retry cannot help.
+      const stripped = withoutNullProperties(value)
+      if (stripped === value) return error
+      return attemptDecodeInput(schema, stripped).pipe(Effect.catchTag("Tool.Error", () => error))
+    }),
+  )
+
+// Removes null-valued object properties recursively. Null array elements remain
+// positional while object properties inside arrays are still normalized.
+const withoutNullProperties = (value: unknown): unknown => {
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+    const items = value.map(withoutNullProperties)
+    return items.some((item, index) => item !== value[index]) ? items : value
+  }
+  if (typeof value !== "object" || value === null) return value
+  const entries = Object.entries(value).flatMap(([key, item]) =>
+    item === null ? [] : [[key, withoutNullProperties(item)] as const],
+  )
+  const changed =
+    entries.length !== Object.keys(value).length ||
+    entries.some(([key, item]) => (value as Record<string, unknown>)[key] !== item)
+  return changed ? Object.fromEntries(entries) : value
+}
+
+const attemptDecodeInput = (schema: Tool.ValueSchema<any>, value: unknown) => {
  if (Schema.isSchema(schema))
    return Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(schema)(value).pipe(
      Effect.mapError((error) => new Tool.Error({ message: `Invalid tool input: ${error.message}` })),
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ export * as Workspace from "./workspace.js"
 import { Workspace } from "@opencode-ai/schema/workspace"
 import { makeGlobalNode } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/app-node"
 import { eq } from "drizzle-orm"
-import { Clock, Context, Duration, Effect, Exit, Layer, Ref, Schedule, Schema, Scope } from "effect"
+import { Clock, Context, Deferred, Duration, Effect, Exit, FiberSet, Layer, Ref, Schedule, Schema, Scope } from "effect"
 import { systemError } from "effect/PlatformError"
 import { make } from "effect/unstable/process/ChildProcessSpawner"
 import type { Driver as EnvironmentDriver } from "./environment/driver.js"
@@ -26,7 +26,12 @@ export class Info extends Schema.Class<Info>("Workspace.Info")({
 export class NotFound extends Schema.TaggedError<NotFound>()("Workspace.NotFound", { workspaceID: ID }) {}

 export interface Interface {
-  readonly create: (provider: string) => Effect.Effect<Info, WorkspaceDriver.Error | WorkspaceDriver.ProviderNotFound>
+  /** Instantly commits a logical workspace ID. No provider work happens here. */
+  readonly create: (provider: string) => Effect.Effect<ID, WorkspaceDriver.ProviderNotFound>
+  /** Starts or joins the shared attempt that makes the backing resource real, then returns it. */
+  readonly provision: (
+    workspaceID: ID,
+  ) => Effect.Effect<Info, NotFound | WorkspaceDriver.Error | WorkspaceDriver.ProviderNotFound>
  readonly connect: (
    workspaceID: ID,
  ) => Effect.Effect<EnvironmentDriver, NotFound | WorkspaceDriver.Error | WorkspaceDriver.ProviderNotFound>
@@ -51,6 +56,8 @@ interface Connection {
  readonly scope: Scope.Closeable
 }

+type ReadinessError = NotFound | WorkspaceDriver.Error | WorkspaceDriver.ProviderNotFound
+
 export const configured = (options: Options = {}) =>
  makeGlobalNode({
    service: Service,
@@ -66,7 +73,10 @@ const layer = (options: Options) =>
      const registry = yield* WorkspaceDriver.RegistryService
      const lifetime = yield* Scope.Scope
      const connections = new Map<ID, Connection>()
+      // Destroy cancels the racing provision body by settling the deferred.
+      const attempts = new Map<ID, Deferred.Deferred<Info, ReadinessError>>()
      const locks = KeyedMutex.makeUnsafe<ID>()
+      const fork = yield* FiberSet.makeRuntime<never, void, never>()
      const idleThreshold = Duration.toMillis(options.idleThreshold ?? Duration.minutes(20))

      const load = Effect.fn("Workspace.load")(function* (workspaceID: ID) {
@@ -80,29 +90,75 @@ const layer = (options: Options) =>
        return row
      })

+      const saveBinding = (workspaceID: ID, binding: WorkspaceDriver.Binding) =>
+        db.update(WorkspaceTable).set({ binding }).where(eq(WorkspaceTable.id, workspaceID)).run().pipe(Effect.orDie)
+
+      const info = (row: typeof WorkspaceTable.$inferSelect, binding: WorkspaceDriver.Binding) =>
+        new Info({
+          id: row.id,
+          provider: row.provider,
+          binding,
+          createdAt: row.created_at,
+          lastUsedAt: row.last_used_at,
+        })
+
+      const provision = Effect.fn("Workspace.provision")((workspaceID: ID) =>
+        Effect.suspend(() => {
+          const existing = attempts.get(workspaceID)
+          if (existing) return Deferred.await(existing)
+
+          const attempt = Deferred.makeUnsafe<Info, ReadinessError>()
+          attempts.set(workspaceID, attempt)
+          fork(
+            locks
+              .withLock(workspaceID)(
+                Effect.gen(function* () {
+                  const row = yield* load(workspaceID)
+                  if (row.binding) return info(row, row.binding)
+                  const driver = yield* registry.get(row.provider)
+                  const result = yield* driver.create({ workspaceID })
+                  yield* saveBinding(workspaceID, result.binding)
+                  return info(row, result.binding)
+                }),
+              )
+              .pipe(
+                Effect.raceFirst(Deferred.await(attempt)),
+                Effect.onExit((exit) =>
+                  Effect.sync(() => {
+                    if (attempts.get(workspaceID) === attempt) attempts.delete(workspaceID)
+                    Deferred.doneUnsafe(attempt, exit)
+                  }),
+                ),
+                Effect.exit,
+                Effect.asVoid,
+              ),
+          )
+          return Deferred.await(attempt)
+        }),
+      )
+
      const open = Effect.fn("Workspace.open")(function* (workspaceID: ID) {
        const existing = connections.get(workspaceID)
        if (existing) return existing

        const row = yield* load(workspaceID)
+        // Bindings are persisted before provision resolves and never nulled; a raced
+        // destroy deletes the whole row and surfaces as NotFound from load above.
+        if (!row.binding) return yield* Effect.die(`workspace ${workspaceID} has no binding after provision`)
        const driver = yield* registry.get(row.provider)
-        const saveBinding = (value: WorkspaceDriver.Binding) =>
-          db
-            .update(WorkspaceTable)
-            .set({ binding: value })
-            .where(eq(WorkspaceTable.id, workspaceID))
-            .run()
-            .pipe(Effect.orDie)
+        const persistBinding = (binding: WorkspaceDriver.Binding) => saveBinding(workspaceID, binding)
        const scope = yield* Scope.fork(lifetime)
-        const environment = yield* driver.connect({ workspaceID, binding: row.binding, saveBinding }).pipe(
-          Effect.provideService(Scope.Scope, scope),
-          Effect.onError((cause) => Scope.close(scope, Exit.failCause(cause))),
-        )
+        const environment = yield* driver
+          .connect({ workspaceID, binding: row.binding, saveBinding: persistBinding })
+          .pipe(
+            Effect.provideService(Scope.Scope, scope),
+            Effect.onError((cause) => Scope.close(scope, Exit.failCause(cause))),
+          )
        const now = yield* Clock.currentTimeMillis
        const connection: Connection = {
          driver,
          environment,
-          saveBinding,
+          saveBinding: persistBinding,
          lastActivity: yield* Ref.make(now),
          active: yield* Ref.make(0),
          scope,
@@ -129,6 +185,7 @@ const layer = (options: Options) =>
                const lastActivity = yield* Ref.get(connection.lastActivity)
                if (now - lastActivity < idleThreshold) return
                const row = yield* load(workspaceID)
+                if (!row.binding) return
                // Deliberate: a racing spawn blocks, then wakes cleanly. Unlocking mid-suspend could reattach a sandbox being terminated.
                yield* connection.driver.suspendForIdle({
                  workspaceID,
@@ -151,37 +208,41 @@ const layer = (options: Options) =>

      return Service.of({
        create: Effect.fn("Workspace.create")(function* (provider) {
-          const driver = yield* registry.get(provider)
+          yield* registry.get(provider)
          const workspaceID = ID.create()
-          const result = yield* driver.create({ workspaceID })
          const now = yield* Clock.currentTimeMillis
          yield* db
            .insert(WorkspaceTable)
-            .values({ id: workspaceID, provider, binding: result.binding, created_at: now, last_used_at: now })
+            .values({ id: workspaceID, provider, binding: null, created_at: now, last_used_at: now })
            .run()
            .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-          return new Info({ id: workspaceID, provider, binding: result.binding, createdAt: now, lastUsedAt: now })
+          return workspaceID
        }),
+        provision,
        connect: Effect.fn("Workspace.connect")(function* (workspaceID) {
          const spawner = make((command) =>
            Effect.acquireRelease(
-              locks.withLock(workspaceID)(
-                Effect.gen(function* () {
-                  const connection = yield* open(workspaceID).pipe(
-                    Effect.mapError((cause) =>
-                      systemError({
-                        _tag: "Unknown",
-                        module: "Workspace",
-                        method: "spawn",
-                        description: `Failed to wake workspace ${workspaceID}`,
-                        cause,
-                      }),
-                    ),
-                  )
-                  yield* Ref.set(connection.lastActivity, yield* Clock.currentTimeMillis)
-                  yield* Ref.update(connection.active, (active) => active + 1)
-                  return connection
-                }),
+              // A live connection implies the binding is already persisted, so skip the provision hop.
+              Effect.suspend(() => (connections.has(workspaceID) ? Effect.void : provision(workspaceID))).pipe(
+                Effect.andThen(
+                  locks.withLock(workspaceID)(
+                    Effect.gen(function* () {
+                      const connection = yield* open(workspaceID)
+                      yield* Ref.set(connection.lastActivity, yield* Clock.currentTimeMillis)
+                      yield* Ref.update(connection.active, (active) => active + 1)
+                      return connection
+                    }),
+                  ),
+                ),
+                Effect.mapError((cause) =>
+                  systemError({
+                    _tag: "Unknown",
+                    module: "Workspace",
+                    method: "spawn",
+                    description: `Failed to wake workspace ${workspaceID}`,
+                    cause,
+                  }),
+                ),
              ),
              (connection) =>
                locks.withLock(workspaceID)(
@@ -196,14 +257,32 @@ const layer = (options: Options) =>
          return { spawner }
        }),
        destroy: Effect.fn("Workspace.destroy")(function* (workspaceID) {
+          // Settling the shared attempt cancels its racing provision body and fails
+          // waiters with NotFound before teardown commits. Accepted tradeoffs: if the
+          // locked teardown below fails, those waiters saw NotFound for a workspace
+          // that still exists (the next provision retries it), and a provision racing
+          // this window may briefly succeed before teardown destroys its fresh binding.
+          const attempt = attempts.get(workspaceID)
+          if (attempt) {
+            attempts.delete(workspaceID)
+            Deferred.doneUnsafe(attempt, Exit.fail(new NotFound({ workspaceID })))
+          }
          yield* locks.withLock(workspaceID)(
            Effect.gen(function* () {
              const row = yield* load(workspaceID)
              const connection = connections.get(workspaceID)
              connections.delete(workspaceID)
              if (connection) yield* Scope.close(connection.scope, Exit.void)
-              const driver = yield* registry.get(row.provider)
-              yield* driver.destroy({ workspaceID, binding: row.binding })
+              // Null binding still reaches the driver: an interrupted or crashed
+              // provision may have created a resource that was never persisted. A
+              // provider missing from the registry cannot block deleting a
+              // never-provisioned row.
+              yield* registry.get(row.provider).pipe(
+                Effect.flatMap((driver) => driver.destroy({ workspaceID, binding: row.binding })),
+                Effect.catchTag("WorkspaceDriver.ProviderNotFound", (error) =>
+                  row.binding ? Effect.fail(error) : Effect.void,
+                ),
+              )
              yield* db.delete(WorkspaceTable).where(eq(WorkspaceTable.id, workspaceID)).run().pipe(Effect.orDie)
            }),
          )
@@ -216,4 +295,8 @@ export const node = configured()

 // TODO(workspace-plan): add the boot janitor and ~23h safety snapshot rotation in a later PR.
 // TODO(workspace-plan): make cold wake interruptible with a re-pin loop against janitor races.
-// TODO(workspace-plan): consider RcMap at end-of-series consolidation; idle suspend and destroy need distinct finalizers.
+// TODO(workspace-plan): consider extracting a keyed shared-attempt helper (join/cancel, drop-on-settle) beside
+// KeyedMutex at end-of-series consolidation; filesystem/search.ts and session/run-coordinator.ts hand-roll the same
+// shape. Audited stdlib alternatives (rc.111): RcMap fails twice (refcount release cancels in-flight work when the
+// last waiter leaves, and one finalizer path cannot express idle-suspend vs destroy); Cache interrupts the shared
+// lookup when its last awaiter is interrupted and cannot fail waiters with NotFound on invalidation.
@@ -24,6 +24,16 @@ export class ProviderNotFound extends Schema.TaggedError<ProviderNotFound>()("Wo
 }) {}

 export interface Interface {
+  /**
+   * Get-or-create the provider resource backing this logical workspace.
+   *
+   * MUST be idempotent per `workspaceID`: core retries the same ID after
+   * failures and process crashes, including a crash between a successful
+   * create and the binding being persisted, and another process may race the
+   * same ID. Key the resource by `workspaceID` (a provider tag or a
+   * deterministic name) and adopt an existing match instead of creating a
+   * duplicate.
+   */
  readonly create: (input: {
    readonly workspaceID: Workspace.ID
  }) => Effect.Effect<{ readonly binding: Binding }, Error>
@@ -37,9 +47,17 @@ export interface Interface {
    readonly binding: Binding
    readonly saveBinding: (binding: Binding) => Effect.Effect<void>
  }) => Effect.Effect<void, Error>
+  /**
+   * Release the provider resource for this workspace.
+   *
+   * `binding` is null when none was persisted: the workspace was never
+   * provisioned, or provisioning was interrupted mid-create. Look up any
+   * resource previously created for `workspaceID` and clean it up, treating
+   * absence as success.
+   */
  readonly destroy: (input: {
    readonly workspaceID: Workspace.ID
-    readonly binding: Binding
+    readonly binding: Binding | null
  }) => Effect.Effect<void, Error>
 }

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import type { WorkspaceDriver } from "./driver.js"
 export const WorkspaceTable = sqliteTable("workspace", {
  id: text().$type<Workspace.ID>().primaryKey(),
  provider: text().notNull(),
-  binding: text({ mode: "json" }).$type<WorkspaceDriver.Binding>().notNull(),
+  binding: text({ mode: "json" }).$type<WorkspaceDriver.Binding>(),
  created_at: integer().notNull(),
  last_used_at: integer().notNull(),
 })
@@ -86,6 +86,8 @@ describe("FileSystemSearch", () => {
      Effect.gen(function* () {
        const search = yield* FileSystemSearch.Service
        yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
+        expect(observed).toBeUndefined()
+        yield* search.find({ query: "src", type: "directory" })
        expect(observed?.limit).toBe(100_000)
        expect(observed?.exclude).toEqual([...Protected.names()].map((name) => `${name}/**`))
        expect((yield* search.find({ query: "src", type: "directory" }))[0]?.path).toBe(
@@ -97,7 +99,6 @@ describe("FileSystemSearch", () => {

  test("refreshes a stale ripgrep index atomically without blocking search", async () => {
    let scans = 0
-    const initial = Effect.runSync(Deferred.make<void>())
    const started = Effect.runSync(Deferred.make<void>())
    const release = Effect.runSync(Deferred.make<void>())
    const layer = AppNodeBuilder.build(FileSystemSearch.node, [
@@ -127,7 +128,6 @@ describe("FileSystemSearch", () => {
                  type: "file",
                })
                if (input.onEntry) yield* input.onEntry(entry)
-                if (scans === 1) yield* Deferred.succeed(initial, undefined)
                return [entry]
              }),
            glob: () => Effect.succeed([]),
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ describe("FileSystemSearch", () => {
    await Effect.runPromise(
      Effect.gen(function* () {
        const search = yield* FileSystemSearch.Service
-        yield* Deferred.await(initial)
+        yield* search.find({ query: "old", type: "file" })
        expect((yield* search.find({ query: "old", type: "file" }))[0]?.path).toBe(RelativePath.make("src/old.ts"))
        expect(scans).toBe(1)

@@ -163,7 +163,6 @@ describe("FileSystemSearch", () => {

  test("reuses location-owned fuzzy targets across index refreshes", async () => {
    let scans = 0
-    const first = Effect.runSync(Deferred.make<void>())
    const second = Effect.runSync(Deferred.make<void>())
    const prepare = spyOn(fuzzysort, "prepare")
    const cleanup = spyOn(fuzzysort, "cleanup")
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ describe("FileSystemSearch", () => {
                scans++
                const entry = FileSystem.Entry.make({ path: RelativePath.make("src/index.ts"), type: "file" })
                if (input.onEntry) yield* input.onEntry(entry)
-                yield* Deferred.succeed(scans === 1 ? first : second, undefined)
+                if (scans > 1) yield* Deferred.succeed(second, undefined)
                return [entry]
              }),
            glob: () => Effect.succeed([]),
@@ -200,7 +199,6 @@ describe("FileSystemSearch", () => {
    await Effect.runPromise(
      Effect.gen(function* () {
        const search = yield* FileSystemSearch.Service
-        yield* Deferred.await(first)
        yield* search.find({ query: "index", type: "file" })
        yield* TestClock.adjust("10 seconds")
        yield* search.find({ query: "index", type: "file" })
@@ -3,7 +3,20 @@ import path from "path"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Config } from "@opencode-ai/schema/config"
 import { Money } from "@opencode-ai/schema/money"
-import { DateTime, Deferred, Duration, Effect, Equal, Fiber, Hash, Layer, LayerMap, RcMap, Schema, Stream } from "effect"
+import {
+  DateTime,
+  Deferred,
+  Duration,
+  Effect,
+  Equal,
+  Fiber,
+  Hash,
+  Layer,
+  LayerMap,
+  RcMap,
+  Schema,
+  Stream,
+} from "effect"
 import { TestClock } from "effect/testing"
 import { Plugin as EffectPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/effect"
 import { Agent } from "@opencode-ai/core/agent"
@@ -23,6 +36,7 @@ import { Project } from "@opencode-ai/core/project"
 import { Provider } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
 import { Session } from "@opencode-ai/core/session"
+import { Workspace } from "@opencode-ai/core/workspace"
 import { SessionEvent } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/event"
 import { SessionRunnerModel } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/runner/model"
 import { tmpdir } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
@@ -61,10 +75,9 @@ const activityLocations = Layer.effect(
  ),
 )
 const itWithActivity = testEffect(
-  AppNodeBuilder.build(
-    LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node, LocationServiceMap.node, LocationActivity.node]),
-    [[LocationServiceMap.node, activityLocations]],
-  ),
+  AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node, LocationServiceMap.node, LocationActivity.node]), [
+    [LocationServiceMap.node, activityLocations],
+  ]),
 )

 describe("LocationServiceMap", () => {
@@ -115,6 +128,35 @@ describe("LocationServiceMap", () => {
    ),
  )

+  it.live("keeps a workspace location admitted when its directory does not exist locally", () =>
+    Effect.acquireRelease(
+      Effect.promise(() => tmpdir()),
+      (dir) => Effect.promise(() => dir[Symbol.asyncDispose]()),
+    ).pipe(
+      Effect.flatMap((dir) =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const locations = yield* LocationServiceMap.Service
+          const directory = AbsolutePath.make(path.join(dir.path, "workspace-only"))
+          const workspaceRef = Location.Ref.make({ directory, workspaceID: Workspace.ID.make("wrk_liveness") })
+          const localRef = Location.Ref.make({ directory })
+
+          // The directory only exists inside the workspace, so liveness must
+          // not consult the local filesystem. Boot outcome is not the subject
+          // here: parts of the location graph still read the host filesystem,
+          // so only assert that the entry survives release instead of being
+          // evicted by a zero idle time-to-live.
+          yield* Location.Service.pipe(Effect.provide(locations.get(workspaceRef)), Effect.scoped, Effect.exit)
+          expect(Array.from(yield* RcMap.keys(locations.rcMap))).toEqual([workspaceRef])
+
+          // A local ref with the same missing directory keeps the existing
+          // behavior: dropped as soon as it goes idle so a retry can rebuild it.
+          yield* Location.Service.pipe(Effect.provide(locations.get(localRef)), Effect.scoped, Effect.exit)
+          expect(Array.from(yield* RcMap.keys(locations.rcMap))).toEqual([workspaceRef])
+        }),
+      ),
+    ),
+  )
+
  itWithSdk.live("preserves embedded SDK plugins after Location eviction", () =>
    Effect.acquireRelease(
      Effect.promise(() => tmpdir()),
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ describe("Plugin", () => {
      const registry = yield* Tool.Service
      const executed: unknown[] = []
      const seen: {
-        before?: unknown
+        before?: { input: unknown; inputSchema: unknown }
        after?: { input: unknown; status: string; content: unknown; metadata: unknown }
      } = {}

@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ describe("Plugin", () => {
            yield* ctx.tool
              .hook("execute.before", (event) =>
                Effect.sync(() => {
-                  seen.before = event.input
+                  seen.before = { input: event.input, inputSchema: event.inputSchema }
                  event.input = { text: "before-mutated" }
                }),
              )
@@ -526,7 +526,15 @@ describe("Plugin", () => {
        call: { type: "tool-call", id: "call-hooks", name: "echo", input: { text: "original" } },
      })

-      expect(seen.before).toEqual({ text: "original" })
+      expect(seen.before).toEqual({
+        input: { text: "original" },
+        inputSchema: {
+          type: "object",
+          properties: { text: { type: "string" } },
+          required: ["text"],
+          additionalProperties: false,
+        },
+      })
      expect(executed).toEqual([{ text: "before-mutated" }])
      expect(seen.after).toEqual({
        input: { text: "before-mutated" },
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Message, ToolFailure } from "@opencode-ai/ai"
-import { DateTime, Effect, Stream, Types } from "effect"
+import { DateTime, Effect, Option, Stream, Types } from "effect"
 import type { SessionContext } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/effect/session"
 import type { ToolHooks } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/effect/tool"
 import { Agent } from "@opencode-ai/core/agent"
@@ -242,10 +242,10 @@ describe("plan plugin reminders", () => {
 })

 describe("plan plugin mutations", () => {
-  it.effect("creates the Plan directory", () =>
+  it.effect("does not create the Plan directory during activation", () =>
    Effect.gen(function* () {
      const { files } = yield* run()
-      expect((yield* files.stat(planDirectory)).type).toBe("directory")
+      expect(Option.isNone(yield* files.stat(planDirectory).pipe(Effect.option))).toBe(true)
    }),
  )

@@ -309,14 +309,20 @@ describe("SessionRunCoordinator", () => {
          settled: (_key, _exit, reason) => Effect.sync(() => void reasons.push(reason)),
        })

-        const resumed = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
+        const first = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
        yield* Deferred.await(started)
+        const second = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
+        const idle = yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
+        yield* Effect.yieldNow
        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
        yield* coordinator.interrupt("session", "user")
        yield* Deferred.await(interrupted)

-        const exit = yield* Fiber.await(resumed)
-        expect(Exit.isFailure(exit) && Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(exit.cause)).toBeTrue()
+        const exits = yield* Fiber.awaitAll([first, second, idle])
+        expect(
+          exits.slice(0, 2).every((exit) => Exit.isFailure(exit) && Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(exit.cause)),
+        ).toBeTrue()
+        expect(exits.slice(2).every(Exit.isSuccess)).toBeTrue()
        expect(Array.from(yield* coordinator.active)).toEqual([])
        expect(runs).toBe(1)
        expect(reasons).toEqual(["user"])
@@ -897,30 +897,38 @@ const verifyPartialFlushOnInterruption = (kind: FragmentKind) =>
    ])
  })

+const prepareTitleGeneration = Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const agents = yield* Agent.Service
+  const { db } = yield* Database.Service
+  yield* db.update(SessionTable).set({ title: null }).where(eq(SessionTable.id, sessionID)).run().pipe(Effect.orDie)
+  yield* agents.transform((draft) =>
+    draft.update(Agent.ID.make("title"), (agent) => {
+      agent.mode = "primary"
+      agent.hidden = true
+      agent.system = "Generate a title."
+    }),
+  )
+})
+
+const watchRename = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (sessionID: Session.ID) {
+  const bus = yield* Bus.Service
+  return yield* bus.subscribe(SessionEvent.Renamed).pipe(
+    Stream.filter((event) => event.data.sessionID === sessionID),
+    Stream.take(1),
+    Stream.runDrain,
+    Effect.forkScoped({ startImmediately: true }),
+  )
+})
+
 describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
  it.effect("generates the title while the first model step is still running", () =>
    Effect.gen(function* () {
      const session = yield* setup
-      const agents = yield* Agent.Service
-      const { db } = yield* Database.Service
-      yield* db.update(SessionTable).set({ title: null }).where(eq(SessionTable.id, sessionID)).run().pipe(Effect.orDie)
-      yield* agents.transform((draft) =>
-        draft.update(Agent.ID.make("title"), (agent) => {
-          agent.mode = "primary"
-          agent.hidden = true
-          agent.system = "Generate a title."
-        }),
-      )
+      yield* prepareTitleGeneration

      yield* admit(session, "First prompt")
      yield* TestLLM.push(TestLLM.text("Generated title", "text-title"), Stream.never)
-      const bus = yield* Bus.Service
-      const renamed = yield* bus.subscribe(SessionEvent.Renamed).pipe(
-        Stream.filter((event) => event.data.sessionID === sessionID),
-        Stream.take(1),
-        Stream.runDrain,
-        Effect.forkScoped({ startImmediately: true }),
-      )
+      const renamed = yield* watchRename(sessionID)
      const runner = yield* SessionRunner.Service
      const fiber = yield* runner.drain({ sessionID, force: true }).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
      yield* Fiber.join(renamed)
@@ -930,19 +938,46 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
    }),
  )

+  it.effect("coalesces title generation while a request is active", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const session = yield* setup
+      yield* prepareTitleGeneration
+
+      const titleStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+      const releaseTitle = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+      yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+        yield* admit(session, "First prompt")
+        yield* TestLLM.push(
+          Stream.unwrap(
+            Deferred.succeed(titleStarted, undefined).pipe(
+              Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(releaseTitle)),
+              Effect.as(Stream.fromIterable(TestLLM.text("Generated title", "text-title"))),
+            ),
+          ),
+          TestLLM.text("First response", "text-first"),
+          TestLLM.text("Second response", "text-second"),
+        )
+
+        const first = yield* session.resume(sessionID).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
+        yield* Deferred.await(titleStarted).pipe(Effect.timeout("5 seconds"))
+        expect(requests[0]?.system.map((part) => part.text)).toContain("Generate a title.")
+        yield* Fiber.join(first)
+        yield* admit(session, "Second prompt")
+        yield* session.resume(sessionID)
+
+        expect(requests).toHaveLength(3)
+        const renamed = yield* watchRename(sessionID)
+        yield* Deferred.succeed(releaseTitle, undefined)
+        yield* Fiber.join(renamed)
+        expect((yield* session.get(sessionID)).title).toBe("Generated title")
+      }).pipe(Effect.ensuring(Deferred.succeed(releaseTitle, undefined)))
+    }),
+  )
+
  it.effect("retries title generation from the first prompt after title and execution failures", () =>
    Effect.gen(function* () {
      const session = yield* setup
-      const agents = yield* Agent.Service
-      const { db } = yield* Database.Service
-      yield* db.update(SessionTable).set({ title: null }).where(eq(SessionTable.id, sessionID)).run().pipe(Effect.orDie)
-      yield* agents.transform((draft) =>
-        draft.update(Agent.ID.make("title"), (agent) => {
-          agent.mode = "primary"
-          agent.hidden = true
-          agent.system = "Generate a title."
-        }),
-      )
+      yield* prepareTitleGeneration

      yield* admit(session, "First prompt")
      yield* TestLLM.push(Stream.fail(invalidRequest()), Stream.fail(invalidRequest()))
@@ -961,13 +996,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
      yield* Effect.yieldNow
      expect((yield* session.get(sessionID)).title).toBeUndefined()

-      const bus = yield* Bus.Service
-      const renamed = yield* bus.subscribe(SessionEvent.Renamed).pipe(
-        Stream.filter((event) => event.data.sessionID === sessionID),
-        Stream.take(1),
-        Stream.runCollect,
-        Effect.forkScoped({ startImmediately: true }),
-      )
+      const renamed = yield* watchRename(sessionID)
      yield* admit(session, "Third prompt")
      yield* TestLLM.push(
        TestLLM.text("Generated title", "text-title"),
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+import { expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { Tool } from "@opencode-ai/core/tool"
+import { execute } from "@opencode-ai/core/tool/runtime"
+import { Agent } from "@opencode-ai/schema/agent"
+import { Session } from "@opencode-ai/schema/session"
+import { SessionMessage } from "@opencode-ai/schema/session-message"
+import type { Info } from "@opencode-ai/schema/tool"
+import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
+
+const context = {
+  sessionID: Session.ID.make("ses_null"),
+  agent: Agent.ID.make("build"),
+  messageID: SessionMessage.ID.make("msg_null"),
+  id: Tool.CallID.make("call_null"),
+  progress: () => Effect.void,
+}
+
+// The JSON Schema advertised for these tools renders optional fields as `X | null`
+// (JSON cannot express undefined), so callers legitimately send null to mean
+// "omitted". The runtime must accept that without weakening schemas that
+// genuinely distinguish null.
+const collect = (input: Info["input"]) => {
+  let received: unknown
+  const tool: Info = {
+    name: "probe",
+    description: "Probe",
+    input,
+    execute: (value) => {
+      received = value
+      return Effect.succeed({ content: "ok" })
+    },
+  }
+  return {
+    tool,
+    run: (value: unknown) => Effect.runPromise(execute(tool, value, context)).then(() => received),
+    fail: (value: unknown) => Effect.runPromiseExit(execute(tool, value, context)).then((exit) => exit.toString()),
+  }
+}
+
+test("null optional properties decode as omitted", async () => {
+  const probe = collect(
+    Schema.Struct({
+      title: Schema.String,
+      agent: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+    }),
+  )
+  expect(await probe.run({ title: "probe", agent: null })).toEqual({ title: "probe" })
+})
+
+test("nested null optional properties decode as omitted", async () => {
+  const probe = collect(
+    Schema.Struct({
+      worktree: Schema.optional(
+        Schema.Struct({
+          branch: Schema.String,
+          base: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+        }),
+      ),
+    }),
+  )
+  expect(await probe.run({ worktree: { branch: "main", base: null } })).toEqual({ worktree: { branch: "main" } })
+})
+
+test("schemas that accept null keep it", async () => {
+  const probe = collect(Schema.Struct({ next: Schema.NullOr(Schema.String) }))
+  expect(await probe.run({ next: null })).toEqual({ next: null })
+})
+
+test("null array elements survive the retry", async () => {
+  const probe = collect(
+    Schema.Struct({
+      tags: Schema.Array(Schema.NullOr(Schema.String)),
+      agent: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+    }),
+  )
+  expect(await probe.run({ tags: ["a", null], agent: null })).toEqual({ tags: ["a", null] })
+})
+
+test("unfixable nulls report the original error", async () => {
+  const probe = collect(Schema.Struct({ title: Schema.String }))
+  const message = await probe.fail({ title: null })
+  expect(message).toContain("Invalid tool input")
+  expect(message).toContain("Expected string")
+})
+
+test("standard schema inputs get the same retry", async () => {
+  const attempts: Array<unknown> = []
+  const input = {
+    "~standard": {
+      version: 1,
+      vendor: "test",
+      validate: (value: unknown) => {
+        attempts.push(value)
+        const record = value as Record<string, unknown>
+        if ("agent" in record && record.agent === null) return { issues: [{ message: "Expected string | undefined" }] }
+        return { value }
+      },
+      jsonSchema: {
+        input: () => ({ type: "object" }),
+        output: () => ({ type: "object" }),
+      },
+    },
+  } as unknown as Info["input"]
+  const probe = collect(input)
+  expect(await probe.run({ title: "probe", agent: null })).toEqual({ title: "probe" })
+  expect(attempts).toEqual([
+    { title: "probe", agent: null },
+    { title: "probe" },
+  ])
+})
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ test("Effect tool schemas use exact optional keys and flatten compatible constra
    type: "object",
    properties: {
      offset: { type: "integer", minimum: 0 },
-      code: { type: "string", allOf: [{ pattern: "^a" }, { pattern: "z$" }] },
+      code: { type: "string", pattern: "^a", allOf: [{ pattern: "z$" }] },
    },
    required: ["code"],
    additionalProperties: false,
@@ -7,19 +7,21 @@ import { WorkspaceDriver } from "@opencode-ai/core/workspace/driver"
 import { WorkspaceTable } from "@opencode-ai/core/workspace/sql"
 import { LayerNode } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/layer-node"
 import { eq } from "drizzle-orm"
-import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { Deferred, Effect, Fiber } from "effect"
 import { TestClock } from "effect/testing"
 import { ChildProcess } from "effect/unstable/process"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"

-const calls: Array<{ readonly operation: string; readonly binding?: WorkspaceDriver.Binding }> = []
+const calls: Array<{ readonly operation: string; readonly binding?: WorkspaceDriver.Binding | null }> = []
 const memory = makeMemoryDriver()
 let failConnect = false
+let create: WorkspaceDriver.Interface["create"] = ({ workspaceID }) =>
+  Effect.succeed({ binding: { workspaceID, generation: 0 } })

 const driver = WorkspaceDriver.make({
-  create: ({ workspaceID }) => {
+  create: (input) => {
    calls.push({ operation: "create" })
-    return Effect.succeed({ binding: { workspaceID, generation: 0 } })
+    return create(input)
  },
  connect: ({ binding }) => {
    calls.push({ operation: "connect", binding })
@@ -46,6 +48,18 @@ const it = testEffect(
 beforeEach(() => {
  calls.splice(0)
  failConnect = false
+  create = ({ workspaceID }) => Effect.succeed({ binding: { workspaceID, generation: 0 } })
+})
+
+const gateCreate = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
+  const started = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+  const release = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+  create = ({ workspaceID }) =>
+    Deferred.succeed(started, undefined).pipe(
+      Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(release)),
+      Effect.as({ binding: { workspaceID, generation: 0 } }),
+    )
+  return { started, release }
 })

 it.effect("rejects unregistered workspace providers", () =>
@@ -60,12 +74,178 @@ it.effect("rejects unregistered workspace providers", () =>
  }),
 )

+it.effect("creates and persists an ID without provisioning", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const workspace = yield* Workspace.Service
+    const workspaceID = yield* workspace.create("fake")
+
+    expect(workspaceID.startsWith("wrk_")).toBe(true)
+    expect(calls).toEqual([])
+    expect(
+      yield* Database.Service.use(({ db }) =>
+        db.select().from(WorkspaceTable).where(eq(WorkspaceTable.id, workspaceID)).get(),
+      ).pipe(Effect.orDie),
+    ).toMatchObject({ id: workspaceID, provider: "fake", binding: null })
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("destroys an unprovisioned workspace through the driver with a null binding", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const workspace = yield* Workspace.Service
+    const workspaceID = yield* workspace.create("fake")
+
+    yield* workspace.destroy(workspaceID)
+    expect(calls).toEqual([{ operation: "destroy", binding: null }])
+    expect(
+      yield* Database.Service.use(({ db }) =>
+        db.select().from(WorkspaceTable).where(eq(WorkspaceTable.id, workspaceID)).get(),
+      ).pipe(Effect.orDie),
+    ).toBeUndefined()
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("starts eager provisioning in the background and lets callers join it", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const workspace = yield* Workspace.Service
+    const workspaceID = yield* workspace.create("fake")
+    const gate = yield* gateCreate()
+
+    const eager = yield* workspace.provision(workspaceID).pipe(Effect.forkScoped({ startImmediately: true }))
+    yield* Deferred.await(gate.started)
+    const waiter = yield* workspace.provision(workspaceID).pipe(Effect.forkScoped({ startImmediately: true }))
+    yield* Effect.yieldNow
+    expect(calls.map((call) => call.operation)).toEqual(["create"])
+
+    yield* Deferred.succeed(gate.release, undefined)
+    const [eagerResult, waiterResult] = yield* Effect.all([Fiber.join(eager), Fiber.join(waiter)])
+    expect(eagerResult).toEqual(waiterResult)
+    expect(eagerResult.binding).toEqual({ workspaceID, generation: 0 })
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("starts lazy provisioning on the first spawn", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const workspace = yield* Workspace.Service
+    const workspaceID = yield* workspace.create("fake")
+    const environment = yield* workspace.connect(workspaceID)
+    const gate = yield* gateCreate()
+
+    expect(calls).toEqual([])
+    const spawned = yield* Effect.scoped(environment.spawner.spawn(ChildProcess.make("lazy"))).pipe(
+      Effect.forkScoped({ startImmediately: true }),
+    )
+    yield* Deferred.await(gate.started)
+    expect(calls.map((call) => call.operation)).toEqual(["create"])
+    yield* Deferred.succeed(gate.release, undefined)
+    yield* Fiber.await(spawned)
+    expect(calls.map((call) => call.operation)).toEqual(["create", "connect"])
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("shares provisioning between concurrent first spawns", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const workspace = yield* Workspace.Service
+    const workspaceID = yield* workspace.create("fake")
+    const environment = yield* workspace.connect(workspaceID)
+    const gate = yield* gateCreate()
+
+    const spawned = yield* Effect.all(
+      ["first", "second"].map((command) =>
+        Effect.scoped(environment.spawner.spawn(ChildProcess.make(command))).pipe(
+          Effect.forkScoped({ startImmediately: true }),
+        ),
+      ),
+    )
+    yield* Deferred.await(gate.started)
+    yield* Effect.yieldNow
+    expect(calls.map((call) => call.operation)).toEqual(["create"])
+
+    yield* Deferred.succeed(gate.release, undefined)
+    yield* Effect.forEach(spawned, Fiber.await)
+    expect(calls.map((call) => call.operation)).toEqual(["create", "connect"])
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("keeps shared provisioning alive when a waiter is interrupted", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const workspace = yield* Workspace.Service
+    const workspaceID = yield* workspace.create("fake")
+    const gate = yield* gateCreate()
+
+    const owner = yield* workspace.provision(workspaceID).pipe(Effect.forkScoped({ startImmediately: true }))
+    yield* Deferred.await(gate.started)
+    const waiter = yield* workspace.provision(workspaceID).pipe(Effect.forkScoped({ startImmediately: true }))
+    yield* Fiber.interrupt(waiter)
+    expect(calls.map((call) => call.operation)).toEqual(["create"])
+
+    yield* Deferred.succeed(gate.release, undefined)
+    expect((yield* Fiber.join(owner)).binding).toEqual({ workspaceID, generation: 0 })
+    expect(calls.map((call) => call.operation)).toEqual(["create"])
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("interrupts in-flight provisioning on destroy and fails waiters with NotFound", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const workspace = yield* Workspace.Service
+    const workspaceID = yield* workspace.create("fake")
+    const gate = yield* gateCreate()
+
+    const waiter = yield* workspace.provision(workspaceID).pipe(Effect.forkScoped({ startImmediately: true }))
+    yield* Deferred.await(gate.started)
+    yield* workspace.destroy(workspaceID)
+
+    expect(yield* Fiber.join(waiter).pipe(Effect.flip)).toEqual(new Workspace.NotFound({ workspaceID }))
+    expect(calls.map((call) => call.operation)).toEqual(["create", "destroy"])
+    expect(calls.at(-1)?.binding).toBeNull()
+    expect(
+      yield* Database.Service.use(({ db }) =>
+        db.select().from(WorkspaceTable).where(eq(WorkspaceTable.id, workspaceID)).get(),
+      ).pipe(Effect.orDie),
+    ).toBeUndefined()
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("shares a failed attempt and retries the same workspace ID", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const workspace = yield* Workspace.Service
+    const workspaceID = yield* workspace.create("fake")
+    const started = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+    const release = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+    let fail = true
+    create = ({ workspaceID }) =>
+      Deferred.succeed(started, undefined).pipe(
+        Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(release)),
+        Effect.andThen(
+          Effect.suspend(() =>
+            fail
+              ? Effect.fail(new WorkspaceDriver.Error({ message: "create failed" }))
+              : Effect.succeed({ binding: { workspaceID, generation: 0 } }),
+          ),
+        ),
+      )
+
+    const first = yield* workspace.provision(workspaceID).pipe(Effect.forkScoped({ startImmediately: true }))
+    yield* Deferred.await(started)
+    const second = yield* workspace.provision(workspaceID).pipe(Effect.forkScoped({ startImmediately: true }))
+    yield* Deferred.succeed(release, undefined)
+    const [firstExit, secondExit] = yield* Effect.all([Fiber.await(first), Fiber.await(second)])
+    expect(firstExit._tag).toBe("Failure")
+    expect(secondExit._tag).toBe("Failure")
+    expect(calls.map((call) => call.operation)).toEqual(["create"])
+
+    fail = false
+    expect((yield* workspace.provision(workspaceID)).binding).toEqual({ workspaceID, generation: 0 })
+    expect(calls.map((call) => call.operation)).toEqual(["create", "create"])
+  }),
+)
+
 it.effect("persists the workspace lifecycle and reconnects after idle suspension", () =>
  Effect.gen(function* () {
    const workspace = yield* Workspace.Service
-    const created = yield* workspace.create("fake")
+    const workspaceID = yield* workspace.create("fake")
+    const created = yield* workspace.provision(workspaceID)

-    expect(created.id.startsWith("wrk_")).toBe(true)
+    expect(created.id).toBe(workspaceID)
    expect(created.binding).toEqual({ workspaceID: created.id, generation: 0 })

    const environment = yield* workspace.connect(created.id)
@@ -97,7 +277,7 @@ it.effect("persists the workspace lifecycle and reconnects after idle suspension
 it.effect("surfaces wake failures through the spawn error channel", () =>
  Effect.gen(function* () {
    const workspace = yield* Workspace.Service
-    const created = yield* workspace.create("fake")
+    const created = yield* workspace.provision(yield* workspace.create("fake"))
    const environment = yield* workspace.connect(created.id)
    yield* Effect.scoped(environment.spawner.spawn(ChildProcess.make("connect"))).pipe(Effect.exit)

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ export const appHandlers = AppRpcs.toLayer(
    const runFork = Effect.runForkWith(yield* Effect.context())
    return AppRpcs.of({
      AppAwaitInitialization: () => background.connection,
+      AppReconnectService: () => background.reconnect,
      AppConsumeInitialDeepLinks: () => Effect.sync(lifecycle.consumeInitialDeepLinks),
      AppGetDefaultServerUrl: () => Effect.sync(getDefaultServerUrl),
      AppSetDefaultServerUrl: ({ url }) => Effect.sync(() => setDefaultServerUrl(url)),
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ export const IpcServerProtocolLive = Layer.unwrap(
            supportsAck: true,
            supportsTransferables: false,
            supportsSpanPropagation: false,
+            supportsNotifications: true,
          }
        }),
      ),
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { BackgroundServiceState } from "./background-service-state"
+
+test("new consumers receive the latest reconnected service", async () => {
+  const initial = { url: "http://127.0.0.1:4100", username: "opencode", password: "first" }
+  const replacement = { url: "http://127.0.0.1:4200", username: "opencode", password: "second" }
+  const service = await Effect.runPromise(
+    BackgroundServiceState.make({ initial: Effect.succeed(initial), reconnect: Effect.succeed(replacement) }),
+  )
+
+  expect(await Effect.runPromise(service.connection)).toEqual(initial)
+  expect(await Effect.runPromise(service.reconnect)).toEqual(replacement)
+  expect(await Effect.runPromise(service.connection)).toEqual(replacement)
+})
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+export * as BackgroundServiceState from "./background-service-state"
+
+import { Effect, Exit, Ref } from "effect"
+import type { ServerReadyData } from "../../shared/ipc-contract"
+
+export const make = Effect.fn("BackgroundServiceState.make")(function* (options: {
+  readonly initial: Effect.Effect<ServerReadyData, unknown>
+  readonly reconnect: Effect.Effect<ServerReadyData>
+}) {
+  // Every Exit is an Effect, so the latest resolution replays directly for each consumer.
+  const current = yield* Ref.make<Exit.Exit<ServerReadyData, unknown>>(yield* options.initial.pipe(Effect.exit))
+  return {
+    connection: Ref.get(current).pipe(Effect.flatten, Effect.orDie),
+    reconnect: options.reconnect.pipe(Effect.tap((next) => Ref.set(current, Exit.succeed(next)))),
+  }
+})
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 import { app } from "electron"
-import { Context, Effect, Exit, Layer, Path } from "effect"
+import { Context, Effect, FileSystem, Layer, Path } from "effect"
 import type { ServerReadyData } from "../../shared/ipc-contract"
+import { BackgroundServiceState } from "./background-service-state"
 import { cleanStages, DesktopCli } from "./desktop-cli"

 export * as BackgroundService from "./background-service"

 export interface Interface {
  readonly connection: Effect.Effect<ServerReadyData>
+  readonly reconnect: Effect.Effect<ServerReadyData>
 }

 export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("opencode/desktop/BackgroundService") {}
@@ -14,22 +16,24 @@ export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("opencode/des
 export const layer = Layer.effect(
  Service,
  Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const result = yield* start().pipe(Effect.exit)
-    return Service.of({
-      connection: Exit.isSuccess(result)
-        ? Effect.succeed(result.value)
-        : Effect.failCause(result.cause).pipe(Effect.orDie),
-    })
+    const context = yield* Effect.context<FileSystem.FileSystem | Path.Path | DesktopCli.Service>()
+    return Service.of(
+      yield* BackgroundServiceState.make({
+        initial: connect("initial").pipe(Effect.provide(context)),
+        reconnect: connect("reconnect").pipe(Effect.provide(context), Effect.orDie),
+      }),
+    )
  }),
 )

-const start = Effect.fn("BackgroundService.start")(function* () {
+const connect = Effect.fn("BackgroundService.connect")(function* (mode: "initial" | "reconnect") {
  yield* Effect.logInfo("starting v2 background service")
  const path = yield* Path.Path
  const desktopCli = yield* DesktopCli.Service
  const runFork = Effect.runForkWith(yield* Effect.context())
  const isolated = !app.isPackaged && process.env.OPENCODE_DESKTOP_ISOLATED_SERVER === "1"
  const cli = yield* desktopCli.resolve
+  const version = mode === "initial" ? cli.version : undefined
  if (isolated) process.env.XDG_STATE_HOME = app.getPath("userData")
  const client = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@opencode-ai/client/service"))
  const service = yield* Effect.tryPromise(() =>
@@ -38,7 +42,7 @@ const start = Effect.fn("BackgroundService.start")(function* () {
        isolated && process.env.OPENCODE_DESKTOP_SERVER_CHANNEL === "local"
          ? path.join(app.getPath("userData"), "opencode", "service-local.json")
          : undefined,
-      version: cli.version,
+      version,
      command: [...cli.command, "serve", "--service", ...(isolated ? ["--port", "0"] : [])],
      onStart: (reason, previousVersion) =>
        runFork(Effect.logInfo("v2 CLI background service starting", { reason, previousVersion })),
@@ -49,10 +53,10 @@ const start = Effect.fn("BackgroundService.start")(function* () {
  if (url.hostname === "0.0.0.0") url.hostname = "127.0.0.1"
  yield* Effect.logInfo("v2 CLI background service ready", {
    username: service.auth.username,
-    version: cli.version,
+    version,
    ...endpoint(url.origin),
  })
-  if (isolated && cli.binary) yield* cleanStages(cli.binary).pipe(Effect.orDie)
+  if (mode === "initial" && isolated && cli.binary) yield* cleanStages(cli.binary).pipe(Effect.orDie)
  return {
    url: url.origin,
    username: service.auth.username,
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ export type UpdaterAPI = {

 export type ElectronAPI = {
  awaitInitialization(): Promise<ServerReadyData>
+  reconnectService(): Promise<ServerReadyData>
  wslServers: WslServersAPI
  updater: UpdaterAPI
  consumeInitialDeepLinks(): Promise<string[]>
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ const updaterHandler = (state: UpdaterState) => {

 export const api: ElectronAPI = {
  awaitInitialization: () => invoke("AppAwaitInitialization"),
+  reconnectService: () => invoke("AppReconnectService"),
  wslServers: {
    getState: () => invoke("WslGetState").then(mutable),
    subscribe: (cb) => {
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import type { ElectronAPI } from "./api-types"
 import { DesktopFirstLaunchOnboarding } from "./onboarding"
 import { createDesktopPlatform, type DesktopWindowState } from "./platform"
 import { bindDesktopMenu } from "./platform/menu"
-import { initializationData } from "./startup/initialization"
+import { createSidecarResolver, initializationData, sidecarHttp } from "./startup/initialization"
 import { preloadStoredLocale } from "./startup/locale"
 import { LoadingSplash } from "./startup/splash"
 import { getLastActiveUrl } from "./window/route-storage"
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ function DesktopWindow(props: {
  onRoute: (route: LayoutRoute) => void
 }) {
  const platform = createDesktopPlatform(props.api, props.windowState, props.updater)
-  const [sidecar] = createResource(() => props.api.awaitInitialization())
+  const [sidecar, { mutate: setSidecar }] = createResource(() => props.api.awaitInitialization())
  const [defaultServer] = createResource(() => platform.getDefaultServer?.())
  const [locale] = createResource(() => preloadStoredLocale(platform))
  const [initialRoute] = createResource(() => preloadRoute(getLastActiveUrl(props.windowState.id)))
@@ -97,11 +97,8 @@ function DesktopWindow(props: {
          displayName: language.t("desktop.server.local"),
          type: "sidecar",
          variant: "base",
-          http: {
-            url: data.url,
-            username: data.username ?? undefined,
-            password: data.password ?? undefined,
-          },
+          http: sidecarHttp(data),
+          reconnect: createSidecarResolver({ api: props.api, current: sidecar, update: setSidecar }),
        })
      }
      list.push(...readyWslConnections(wslServers.data, language.t("wsl.server.label")))
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { initializationData } from "./initialization"
+import { createSidecarResolver, initializationData } from "./initialization"

 describe("desktop renderer initialization", () => {
  test("throws the original initialization error before rendering server providers", () => {
@@ -45,4 +45,48 @@ describe("desktop renderer initialization", () => {
    expect(caught.message).toBe("")
    expect((caught as Error & { localServerStartup?: boolean }).localServerStartup).toBe(true)
  })
+
+  test("refreshes the managed sidecar endpoint", async () => {
+    const sidecar = { url: "http://127.0.0.1:4321", username: "opencode", password: "next" }
+    const updates: (typeof sidecar)[] = []
+    const resolve = createSidecarResolver({
+      api: { reconnectService: async () => sidecar },
+      current: () => undefined,
+      update: (next) => updates.push(next),
+    })
+
+    expect(await resolve(new AbortController().signal)).toEqual(sidecar)
+    expect(updates).toEqual([sidecar])
+  })
+
+  test("keeps the current sidecar when reconnection resolves the same endpoint", async () => {
+    const sidecar = { url: "http://127.0.0.1:4321", username: "opencode", password: "same" }
+    const updates: (typeof sidecar)[] = []
+    const resolve = createSidecarResolver({
+      api: { reconnectService: async () => ({ ...sidecar }) },
+      current: () => sidecar,
+      update: (next) => updates.push(next),
+    })
+
+    expect(await resolve(new AbortController().signal)).toEqual(sidecar)
+    expect(updates).toEqual([])
+  })
+
+  test("does not publish a sidecar resolved after cancellation", async () => {
+    const sidecar = { url: "http://127.0.0.1:4321", username: "opencode", password: "next" }
+    const pending = Promise.withResolvers<typeof sidecar>()
+    const updates: (typeof sidecar)[] = []
+    const resolve = createSidecarResolver({
+      api: { reconnectService: () => pending.promise },
+      current: () => undefined,
+      update: (next) => updates.push(next),
+    })
+    const abort = new AbortController()
+    const result = resolve(abort.signal)
+    abort.abort()
+    pending.resolve(sidecar)
+
+    await expect(result).rejects.toBe(abort.signal.reason)
+    expect(updates).toEqual([])
+  })
 })
@@ -1,8 +1,38 @@
+import type { ElectronAPI } from "../api-types"
+
+type SidecarData = Awaited<ReturnType<ElectronAPI["awaitInitialization"]>>
+
 export function initializationData<A>(state: (() => A | undefined) & { error: unknown }) {
  if (state.error !== undefined) throw markLocalServerStartup(state.error)
  return state()
 }

+export function sidecarHttp(data: SidecarData) {
+  return {
+    url: data.url,
+    username: data.username ?? undefined,
+    password: data.password ?? undefined,
+  }
+}
+
+export function createSidecarResolver(input: {
+  api: Pick<ElectronAPI, "reconnectService">
+  current: () => SidecarData | undefined
+  update: (data: SidecarData) => void
+}) {
+  return async (signal: AbortSignal) => {
+    if (signal.aborted) throw signal.reason
+    const next = await input.api.reconnectService()
+    if (signal.aborted) throw signal.reason
+    if (!sameSidecar(input.current(), next)) input.update(next)
+    return sidecarHttp(next)
+  }
+}
+
+function sameSidecar(current: SidecarData | undefined, next: SidecarData) {
+  return current?.url === next.url && current.username === next.username && current.password === next.password
+}
+
 function markLocalServerStartup(error: unknown) {
  const failure = error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error))
  Object.defineProperty(failure, "localServerStartup", { value: true })
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ const ServerReadyData = Schema.Struct({
 })

 export const AppAwaitInitialization = Rpc.make("AppAwaitInitialization", { success: ServerReadyData })
+export const AppReconnectService = Rpc.make("AppReconnectService", { success: ServerReadyData })
 export const AppConsumeInitialDeepLinks = Rpc.make("AppConsumeInitialDeepLinks", {
  success: Schema.Array(Schema.String),
 })
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ export const AppSetNativeTranslations = Rpc.make("AppSetNativeTranslations", {
 export const AppRelaunch = Rpc.make("AppRelaunch")
 export const AppRpcs = RpcGroup.make(
  AppAwaitInitialization,
+  AppReconnectService,
  AppConsumeInitialDeepLinks,
  AppGetDefaultServerUrl,
  AppSetDefaultServerUrl,
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
    "typescript": "catalog:"
  },
  "dependencies": {
-    "@effect/platform-node-shared": "4.0.0-rc.110"
+    "@effect/platform-node-shared": "4.0.0-rc.111"
  },
  "peerDependencies": {
    "effect": "catalog:"
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Tool } from "@opencode-ai/schema/tool"
 import type { Agent } from "@opencode-ai/schema/agent"
 import type { Session } from "@opencode-ai/schema/session"
 import type { SessionMessage } from "@opencode-ai/schema/session-message"
+import type { JsonSchema } from "effect"
 import type { Hooks, Transform } from "./registration.js"

 export interface ToolDraft {
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ export interface ToolDraft {
 export interface ToolHooks {
  readonly "execute.before": {
    readonly tool: string
+    readonly inputSchema: JsonSchema.JsonSchema
    readonly sessionID: Session.ID
    readonly agent: Agent.ID
    readonly messageID: SessionMessage.ID
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { Tool } from "@opencode-ai/schema/tool"
 import type { Agent } from "@opencode-ai/schema/agent"
 import type { Session } from "@opencode-ai/schema/session"
 import type { SessionMessage } from "@opencode-ai/schema/session-message"
+import type { JsonSchema } from "effect"
 import type { Hooks, Transform } from "./registration.js"

 export interface ToolContext extends Omit<Tool.Context, "progress"> {
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ interface ToolDraft {
 interface ToolHooks {
  readonly "execute.before": {
    readonly tool: string
+    readonly inputSchema: JsonSchema.JsonSchema
    readonly sessionID: Session.ID
    readonly agent: Agent.ID
    readonly messageID: SessionMessage.ID
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import type {
  AgentInfo,
  CommandInfo,
+  FormCancelInput,
  FormInfo,
+  FormReplyInput,
  IntegrationInfo,
  LocationRef,
  McpResource,
@@ -91,6 +93,8 @@ export interface Data {
      list(sessionID: string, location?: LocationRef): Array<FormInfo & { readonly location?: LocationRef }> | undefined
      sync(sessionID: string, location?: LocationRef): Promise<void>
      invalidate(sessionID: string, location?: LocationRef): void
+      reply(input: FormReplyInput, location?: LocationRef): Promise<void>
+      cancel(input: FormCancelInput, location?: LocationRef): Promise<void>
    }
  }
  readonly project: {
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
    "effect": "catalog:"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
+    "@opencode-ai/ai": "workspace:*",
    "@opencode-ai/httpapi-codegen": "workspace:*",
    "@opencode-ai/protocol": "workspace:*",
    "@tsconfig/bun": "catalog:",
@@ -52,6 +52,9 @@ export type Interface = Omit<OpenCodeClient, "plugin" | "workspace"> & {
  readonly events: OpenCodeClient["event"]
  readonly workspace: {
    readonly create: (options: { readonly provider: string }) => ReturnType<Workspace.Interface["create"]>
+    readonly provision: (options: {
+      readonly workspaceID: Workspace.ID
+    }) => ReturnType<Workspace.Interface["provision"]>
    readonly destroy: (options: { readonly workspaceID: Workspace.ID }) => ReturnType<Workspace.Interface["destroy"]>
  }
  readonly plugin: SdkPlugins.Interface["register"] & OpenCodeClient["plugin"]
@@ -106,6 +109,7 @@ export const create: (
    events: client.event,
    workspace: {
      create: ({ provider }: { readonly provider: string }) => workspace.create(provider),
+      provision: ({ workspaceID }: { readonly workspaceID: Workspace.ID }) => workspace.provision(workspaceID),
      destroy: ({ workspaceID }: { readonly workspaceID: Workspace.ID }) => workspace.destroy(workspaceID),
    },
    // The embedded host contributes plugins through the ordinary discovery flow:
@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
 import fs from "fs/promises"
 import path from "path"
 import { expect } from "bun:test"
+import { LanguageModel, LLMClient, LLMResponse, type LLMRequest } from "@opencode-ai/ai"
+import { OpenAIChat } from "@opencode-ai/ai/protocols"
+import { TestLLM } from "@opencode-ai/ai/testing"
+import { llmClient } from "@opencode-ai/core/effect/app-node-platform"
 import { makeMemoryDriver } from "@opencode-ai/core/environment/index"
+import { SessionRunnerModel } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/runner/model"
 import { WorkspaceDriver } from "@opencode-ai/core/workspace/driver"
-import { Deferred, Effect, Latch, Layer, Option, Ref, Schema, Stream } from "effect"
+import { Deferred, Effect, Fiber, Latch, Layer, Option, Ref, Schema, Stream } from "effect"
 import { testEffect } from "../../core/test/lib/effect"
 import { tmpdir } from "../../core/test/fixture/tmpdir"
 import type { OpenCodeEvent } from "../src"
@@ -455,7 +460,11 @@ it.live("configures workspace providers through the SDK facade", () =>
        },
      })
      const opencode = yield* fixture.sdk.OpenCode.create({ workspaceProviders: { fake: driver } })
-      const workspace = yield* opencode.workspace.create({ provider: "fake" })
+      const workspaceID = yield* opencode.workspace.create({ provider: "fake" })
+
+      expect(calls).toEqual([])
+
+      const workspace = yield* opencode.workspace.provision({ workspaceID })

      expect(workspace.provider).toBe("fake")
      expect(workspace.binding).toEqual({ externalID: workspace.id })
@@ -477,6 +486,211 @@ it.live("configures workspace providers through the SDK facade", () =>
  ),
 )

+const workspaceModelScenario = (fixture: Fixture, policy: "eager" | "lazy") =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const calls: string[] = []
+    const createStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+    const createRelease = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+    const modelStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+    yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => Deferred.succeed(createRelease, undefined).pipe(Effect.asVoid))
+    const model = LanguageModel.make({ id: "workspace-test", provider: "test", route: OpenAIChat.route })
+    const client = TestLLM.clientLayer.pipe(
+      Layer.provide(
+        TestLLM.layer({
+          fallback: TestLLM.text("ready", "answer"),
+          transformRequest: (request) => {
+            Deferred.doneUnsafe(modelStarted, Effect.void)
+            return request
+          },
+        }),
+      ),
+    )
+    const models = Layer.mock(SessionRunnerModel.Service, {
+      resolve: () =>
+        Effect.succeed(
+          SessionRunnerModel.resolved(model, {
+            capabilities: { tools: true, input: ["text"], output: ["text"] },
+            cost: [],
+            limit: { context: 100_000, output: 1_000 },
+          }),
+        ),
+    })
+    const driver = WorkspaceDriver.make({
+      create: ({ workspaceID }) => {
+        calls.push("create")
+        return Deferred.succeed(createStarted, undefined).pipe(
+          Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(createRelease)),
+          Effect.as({ binding: { workspaceID } }),
+        )
+      },
+      connect: () => {
+        calls.push("connect")
+        return Effect.succeed(makeMemoryDriver())
+      },
+      suspendForIdle: () => Effect.void,
+      destroy: () => Effect.void,
+    })
+    const configDirectory = path.join(fixture.directory, "config")
+    yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.mkdir(configDirectory))
+    const opencode = yield* fixture.sdk.OpenCode.create(
+      {
+        config: { directory: configDirectory, project: false, content: "{}" },
+        workspaceProviders: { fake: driver },
+      },
+      {
+        overrides: [
+          [llmClient, client],
+          [SessionRunnerModel.node, models],
+        ],
+      },
+    )
+    const workspaceID = yield* opencode.workspace.create({ provider: "fake" })
+    const provisioning =
+      policy === "eager"
+        ? yield* opencode.workspace.provision({ workspaceID }).pipe(Effect.forkScoped({ startImmediately: true }))
+        : undefined
+    if (provisioning) {
+      yield* Deferred.await(createStarted).pipe(
+        Effect.timeoutOrElse({ duration: "4 seconds", orElse: () => Effect.die("provider create did not start") }),
+      )
+    }
+
+    const session = yield* opencode.sessions.create({
+      location: fixture.sdk.Location.Ref.make({
+        directory: fixture.sdk.AbsolutePath.make(fixture.directory),
+        workspaceID,
+      }),
+    })
+    yield* opencode.sessions.prompt({ sessionID: session.id, text: "Answer without using tools" })
+    yield* Deferred.await(modelStarted).pipe(
+      Effect.timeoutOrElse({ duration: "8 seconds", orElse: () => Effect.die("model stream did not start") }),
+    )
+
+    if (!provisioning) {
+      expect(calls).toEqual([])
+      return
+    }
+    expect(provisioning.pollUnsafe()).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(calls).toEqual(["create"])
+    yield* Deferred.succeed(createRelease, undefined)
+    expect((yield* Fiber.join(provisioning)).binding).toEqual({ workspaceID })
+    expect(calls).toEqual(["create"])
+  })
+
+it.live(
+  "starts model execution while eager workspace provisioning is blocked",
+  () => withEmbedded("opencode-embedded-workspace-eager-", (fixture) => workspaceModelScenario(fixture, "eager")),
+  15_000,
+)
+
+it.live(
+  "starts model execution without provisioning a lazy workspace",
+  () => withEmbedded("opencode-embedded-workspace-lazy-", (fixture) => workspaceModelScenario(fixture, "lazy")),
+  15_000,
+)
+
+it.live(
+  "blocks the model-selected first tool on lazy provisioning",
+  () =>
+    withEmbedded("opencode-embedded-workspace-tool-", (fixture) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const calls: string[] = []
+        const createStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const createRelease = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => Deferred.succeed(createRelease, undefined).pipe(Effect.asVoid))
+        const model = LanguageModel.make({ id: "workspace-tool-test", provider: "test", route: OpenAIChat.route })
+        // The first tool-advertising request selects the shell tool; everything else
+        // (including title generation, which carries no tools) answers with text.
+        let toolIssued = false
+        const respond = (request: LLMRequest) => {
+          const wantsTool = !toolIssued && request.tools.some((tool) => tool.name === "shell")
+          if (!wantsTool) return TestLLM.text("done", "answer")
+          toolIssued = true
+          return TestLLM.tool("call-shell", "shell", { command: "echo hi" })
+        }
+        const client = Layer.succeed(
+          LLMClient.Service,
+          LLMClient.Service.of({
+            stream: (request) => Stream.fromIterable(respond(request)),
+            generate: (request) =>
+              Stream.fromIterable(respond(request)).pipe(
+                Stream.runFold(LLMResponse.empty, LLMResponse.reduce),
+                Effect.flatMap((state) => {
+                  const response = LLMResponse.complete(state)
+                  if (response) return Effect.succeed(response)
+                  return Effect.die("test response ended without a terminal finish event")
+                }),
+              ),
+          }),
+        )
+        const models = Layer.mock(SessionRunnerModel.Service, {
+          resolve: () =>
+            Effect.succeed(
+              SessionRunnerModel.resolved(model, {
+                capabilities: { tools: true, input: ["text"], output: ["text"] },
+                cost: [],
+                limit: { context: 100_000, output: 1_000 },
+              }),
+            ),
+        })
+        const driver = WorkspaceDriver.make({
+          create: ({ workspaceID }) => {
+            calls.push("create")
+            return Deferred.succeed(createStarted, undefined).pipe(
+              Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(createRelease)),
+              Effect.as({ binding: { workspaceID } }),
+            )
+          },
+          connect: () => {
+            calls.push("connect")
+            return Effect.succeed(makeMemoryDriver())
+          },
+          suspendForIdle: () => Effect.void,
+          destroy: () => Effect.void,
+        })
+        const configDirectory = path.join(fixture.directory, "config")
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.mkdir(configDirectory))
+        const opencode = yield* fixture.sdk.OpenCode.create(
+          {
+            config: { directory: configDirectory, project: false, content: "{}" },
+            workspaceProviders: { fake: driver },
+          },
+          {
+            overrides: [
+              [llmClient, client],
+              [SessionRunnerModel.node, models],
+            ],
+          },
+        )
+        const workspaceID = yield* opencode.workspace.create({ provider: "fake" })
+        const session = yield* opencode.sessions.create({
+          location: fixture.sdk.Location.Ref.make({
+            directory: fixture.sdk.AbsolutePath.make(fixture.directory),
+            workspaceID,
+          }),
+        })
+        expect(calls).toEqual([])
+
+        yield* opencode.sessions.prompt({ sessionID: session.id, text: "Run echo" })
+        // The model-selected shell tool is the first execution-plane demand: it alone
+        // starts provisioning and blocks inside the tool call until the provider is ready.
+        yield* Deferred.await(createStarted).pipe(
+          Effect.timeoutOrElse({ duration: "8 seconds", orElse: () => Effect.die("first tool did not provision") }),
+        )
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["create"])
+
+        yield* Deferred.succeed(createRelease, undefined)
+        yield* opencode.sessions.wait({ sessionID: session.id })
+        // Provisioning settled, the workspace connected, and the turn completed. The
+        // memory driver rejects the actual spawn, which surfaces to the model as an
+        // ordinary tool error before the final text response.
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["create", "connect"])
+        expect(toolIssued).toBe(true)
+      }),
+    ),
+  15_000,
+)
+
 it.live("preserves unknown workspace provider errors", () =>
  withEmbedded("opencode-embedded-workspace-provider-", (fixture) =>
    Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -263,33 +263,6 @@
  }
 }

-[data-component="compaction-part"] {
-  width: 100%;
-  display: flex;
-  flex-direction: column;
-  align-items: stretch;
-
-  [data-slot="compaction-part-divider"] {
-    display: flex;
-    align-items: center;
-    gap: 12px;
-    padding: 10px 0;
-    width: 100%;
-  }
-
-  [data-slot="compaction-part-line"] {
-    flex: 1 1 auto;
-    height: 1px;
-    background: var(--v2-border-border-base);
-  }
-
-  [data-slot="compaction-part-label"] {
-    flex: 0 0 auto;
-    white-space: nowrap;
-    text-align: center;
-  }
-}
-
 [data-component="reasoning-part"] {
  width: 100%;
  color: var(--v2-text-text-muted);
@@ -1,7 +1,2 @@
-export {
-  AssistantReasoningContent,
-  AssistantTextContent,
-  CurrentUserMessageDisplay,
-  MessageDivider,
-} from "../message/message-content"
+export { AssistantReasoningContent, AssistantTextContent, CurrentUserMessageDisplay } from "../message/message-content"
 export { CurrentContextToolGroup, SessionShellMessage, ToolDisplay } from "../tools/tool-renderer"
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import { ProviderIcon } from "@opencode-ai/ui/provider-icon"
+import { Show } from "solid-js"
+
+export function TimelineSeparator(props: { label: string; providerID?: string; variant?: string }) {
+  return (
+    <div class="flex h-8 w-full items-center gap-3 text-v2-text-text-faint">
+      <span class="h-px min-w-0 flex-1 bg-v2-border-border-strong" />
+      <span class="flex min-w-0 items-center gap-1 text-[13px] font-[440] leading-text-compact tracking-[-0.04px]">
+        <Show when={props.providerID}>
+          {(providerID) => <ProviderIcon id={providerID()} class="text-v2-icon-icon-faint" aria-hidden="true" />}
+        </Show>
+        <span class="flex min-w-0 items-center gap-1.5">
+          <bdi dir="auto" class="truncate" title={props.label}>
+            {props.label}
+          </bdi>
+          <Show when={props.variant && props.variant !== "default" ? props.variant : undefined}>
+            {(variant) => (
+              <>
+                <span class="flex size-1.5 shrink-0 items-center justify-center" aria-hidden="true">
+                  <span class="size-[2.25px] rounded-full bg-current" />
+                </span>
+                <span data-slot="session-timeline-notice-variant" class="shrink-0 capitalize">
+                  {variant()}
+                </span>
+              </>
+            )}
+          </Show>
+        </span>
+      </span>
+      <span class="h-px min-w-0 flex-1 bg-v2-border-border-strong" />
+    </div>
+  )
+}
@@ -1,22 +1,94 @@
 [data-component="card"][data-kind="tool-error-card"] {
  --card-pad-y: 0px;
-  --card-line-pad: 4px;
+  --card-line-pad: 0px;
+  --card-pad-r: 0px;

+  &::before {
+    border-radius: 0;
+  }
+
+  /* Figma's leading-none would clip Inter descenders at 13px; keep the compact metric. */
  [data-slot="basic-tool-tool-title"] {
+    font-family: var(--v2-font-family-sans);
+    font-size: 13px;
+    font-weight: 530;
+    line-height: var(--line-height-compact);
+    letter-spacing: -0.04px;
    color: var(--v2-text-text-base);
  }

  [data-slot="basic-tool-tool-subtitle"] {
+    font-family: var(--v2-font-family-sans);
+    font-size: 13px;
+    font-weight: 440;
+    line-height: var(--line-height-compact);
+    letter-spacing: -0.04px;
    color: var(--v2-text-text-muted);
  }

+  [data-slot="tool-error-card-dot"] {
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+    font-family: var(--v2-font-family-sans);
+    font-size: 11px;
+    font-weight: 530;
+    line-height: var(--line-height-tight);
+    letter-spacing: 0.05px;
+    color: var(--v2-text-text-muted);
+  }
+
+  [data-slot="tool-error-card-summary"],
+  [data-slot="tool-error-card-message"] {
+    font-family: var(--v2-font-family-sans);
+    font-size: 13px;
+    font-weight: 440;
+    line-height: var(--line-height-compact);
+    letter-spacing: -0.04px;
+    color: var(--v2-state-fg-danger);
+    white-space: nowrap;
+    overflow: hidden;
+    text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  }
+
+  [data-slot="tool-error-card-summary"] {
+    flex-shrink: 1;
+    min-width: 0;
+  }
+
+  [data-slot="tool-error-card-message"] {
+    /* Text column indent: 16px icon + 8px gap. */
+    padding-inline-start: 24px;
+  }
+
+  [data-slot="basic-tool-tool-info-main"] {
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 6px;
+  }
+
+  [data-slot="basic-tool-tool-trigger-content"] {
+    /* Reserve the 14px arrow + 6px gap. */
+    max-width: calc(100% - 20px);
+  }
+
+  [data-slot="collapsible-arrow"] {
+    width: 14px;
+    height: 14px;
+    margin-inline-start: 6px;
+    /* Always visible; the base collapsible reveals arrows only on hover. */
+    opacity: 1;
+  }
+
  [data-slot="collapsible-arrow"],
  [data-slot="collapsible-arrow-icon"] {
    color: var(--v2-text-text-faint);
  }

  > [data-component="collapsible"].tool-collapsible {
-    gap: 0px;
+    /* Figma's 4px gap minus the 1.5px the compact line box adds above the summary em. */
+    gap: 2.5px;
+
+    > [data-slot="collapsible-trigger"] {
+      height: 24px;
+    }

    > [data-slot="collapsible-content"] {
      border-inline-start: none;
@@ -31,7 +103,8 @@
  }

  > [data-component="collapsible"].tool-collapsible[data-open="true"] {
-    gap: 4px;
+    /* The compact line box alone yields Figma's spacing under the header. */
+    gap: 0px;
  }

  [data-component="tool-error-card-icon"] [data-slot="icon-svg"] {
@@ -41,11 +114,19 @@
  [data-slot="tool-error-card-content"] {
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 24px;
-    margin-bottom: 8px;
    -webkit-user-select: text;
    user-select: text;
  }

+  [data-slot="tool-error-card-content"] [data-slot="card-description"] {
+    font-family: var(--v2-font-family-sans);
+    font-size: 13px;
+    font-weight: 440;
+    line-height: var(--line-height-compact);
+    letter-spacing: -0.04px;
+    color: var(--v2-text-text-faint);
+  }
+
  > [data-component="collapsible"].tool-collapsible[data-open="true"] [data-slot="tool-error-card-content"] {
    padding-right: 40px;
  }
@@ -12,7 +12,18 @@ Tool call failure summary styled like a tool trigger.
 - Collapsible; click header to expand/collapse.
 `

-const samples = [
+const samples: { tool: string; error: string; subtitle?: string; defaultOpen?: boolean }[] = [
+  {
+    tool: "shell",
+    subtitle: "sleep 30",
+    error: "Tool execution interrupted",
+  },
+  {
+    tool: "shell",
+    subtitle: "sleep 30",
+    error: "Tool execution interrupted",
+    defaultOpen: true,
+  },
  {
    tool: "patch",
    error:
@@ -62,8 +73,9 @@ export default {
    },
  },
  args: {
-    tool: "patch",
+    tool: samples[0].tool,
    error: samples[0].error,
+    subtitle: samples[0].subtitle,
  },
  argTypes: {
    tool: {
@@ -73,9 +85,12 @@ export default {
    error: {
      control: "text",
    },
+    subtitle: {
+      control: "text",
+    },
  },
-  render: (props: { tool: string; error: string }) => {
-    return <ToolErrorCard tool={props.tool} error={props.error} />
+  render: (props: { tool: string; error: string; subtitle?: string }) => {
+    return <ToolErrorCard tool={props.tool} error={props.error} subtitle={props.subtitle} />
  },
 }

@@ -83,7 +98,16 @@ export const All = {
  render: () => {
    return (
      <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; max-width: 720px;">
-        <For each={samples}>{(item) => <ToolErrorCard tool={item.tool} error={item.error} />}</For>
+        <For each={samples}>
+          {(item) => (
+            <ToolErrorCard
+              tool={item.tool}
+              error={item.error}
+              subtitle={item.subtitle}
+              defaultOpen={item.defaultOpen}
+            />
+          )}
+        </For>
      </div>
    )
  },
@@ -70,19 +70,16 @@ export function ToolErrorCard(props: ToolErrorCardProps) {
    return value
  })

-  const subtitle = createMemo(() => {
-    if (split.subtitle) return split.subtitle
-    const parts = tail().split(": ")
-    if (parts.length <= 1) return i18n.t("ui.toolErrorCard.failed")
-    const head = (parts[0] ?? "").trim()
+  const summary = createMemo(() => {
+    const head = (tail().split(": ")[0] ?? "").trim()
    if (!head) return i18n.t("ui.toolErrorCard.failed")
-    return head[0] ? head[0].toUpperCase() + head.slice(1) : i18n.t("ui.toolErrorCard.failed")
+    return head[0].toUpperCase() + head.slice(1)
  })

-  const body = createMemo(() => {
+  const detail = createMemo(() => {
    const parts = tail().split(": ")
-    if (parts.length <= 1) return cleaned()
-    return parts.slice(1).join(": ").trim() || cleaned()
+    if (parts.length <= 1) return ""
+    return parts.slice(1).join(": ").trim()
  })

  const copy = async () => {
@@ -100,27 +97,36 @@ export function ToolErrorCard(props: ToolErrorCardProps) {
          <div data-component="tool-trigger">
            <div data-slot="basic-tool-tool-trigger-content">
              <span data-slot="basic-tool-tool-indicator" data-component="tool-error-card-icon">
-                <Icon name="circle-ban-sign" size="small" style={{ "stroke-width": 1.5 }} />
+                {/* 20px-viewBox path at 16px: 1.25 renders the 1px stroke Figma specifies. */}
+                <Icon name="circle-ban-sign" style={{ "stroke-width": 1.25 }} />
              </span>
              <div data-slot="basic-tool-tool-info">
                <div data-slot="basic-tool-tool-info-structured">
                  <div data-slot="basic-tool-tool-info-main">
                    <span data-slot="basic-tool-tool-title">{name()}</span>
-                    <Show
-                      when={split.href && split.subtitle}
-                      fallback={<span data-slot="basic-tool-tool-subtitle">{subtitle()}</span>}
-                    >
-                      <a
-                        data-slot="basic-tool-tool-subtitle"
-                        class="clickable subagent-link"
-                        href={split.href!}
-                        onClick={(event) => {
-                          event.stopPropagation()
-                          split.onSubtitleClick?.(event)
-                        }}
+                    <Show when={split.subtitle}>
+                      <Show
+                        when={split.href}
+                        fallback={<span data-slot="basic-tool-tool-subtitle">{split.subtitle}</span>}
                      >
-                        {subtitle()}
-                      </a>
+                        <a
+                          data-slot="basic-tool-tool-subtitle"
+                          class="clickable subagent-link"
+                          href={split.href!}
+                          onClick={(event) => {
+                            event.stopPropagation()
+                            split.onSubtitleClick?.(event)
+                          }}
+                        >
+                          {split.subtitle}
+                        </a>
+                      </Show>
+                    </Show>
+                    <Show when={open()}>
+                      <span data-slot="tool-error-card-dot" aria-hidden="true">
+                        ·
+                      </span>
+                      <span data-slot="tool-error-card-summary">{summary()}</span>
                    </Show>
                  </div>
                </div>
@@ -129,33 +135,38 @@ export function ToolErrorCard(props: ToolErrorCardProps) {
            <Collapsible.Arrow />
          </div>
        </Collapsible.Trigger>
-        <Collapsible.Content>
-          <div data-slot="tool-error-card-content">
-            <Show when={open()}>
-              <div data-slot="tool-error-card-copy">
-                <Tooltip
-                  appearance="standard"
-                  value={copied() ? i18n.t("ui.message.copied") : i18n.t("ui.toolErrorCard.copyError")}
-                  placement="top"
-                  gutter={4}
-                >
-                  <IconButton
-                    icon={<Icon name={copied() ? "check" : "copy"} />}
-                    size="normal"
-                    variant="ghost"
-                    onMouseDown={(e) => e.preventDefault()}
-                    onClick={(e) => {
-                      e.stopPropagation()
-                      void copy()
-                    }}
-                    aria-label={copied() ? i18n.t("ui.message.copied") : i18n.t("ui.toolErrorCard.copyError")}
-                  />
-                </Tooltip>
-              </div>
-            </Show>
-            <Show when={body()}>{(value) => <CardDescription>{value()}</CardDescription>}</Show>
-          </div>
-        </Collapsible.Content>
+        <Show when={!open()}>
+          <div data-slot="tool-error-card-message">{summary()}</div>
+        </Show>
+        <Show when={detail()}>
+          <Collapsible.Content>
+            <div data-slot="tool-error-card-content">
+              <Show when={open()}>
+                <div data-slot="tool-error-card-copy">
+                  <Tooltip
+                    appearance="standard"
+                    value={copied() ? i18n.t("ui.message.copied") : i18n.t("ui.toolErrorCard.copyError")}
+                    placement="top"
+                    gutter={4}
+                  >
+                    <IconButton
+                      icon={<Icon name={copied() ? "check" : "copy"} />}
+                      size="normal"
+                      variant="ghost"
+                      onMouseDown={(e) => e.preventDefault()}
+                      onClick={(e) => {
+                        e.stopPropagation()
+                        void copy()
+                      }}
+                      aria-label={copied() ? i18n.t("ui.message.copied") : i18n.t("ui.toolErrorCard.copyError")}
+                    />
+                  </Tooltip>
+                </div>
+              </Show>
+              <CardDescription>{detail()}</CardDescription>
+            </div>
+          </Collapsible.Content>
+        </Show>
      </Collapsible>
    </Card>
  )
@@ -29,20 +29,23 @@ describe("current content default open", () => {
    expect(currentContentDefaultOpen(tool("patch"), false, false)).toBe(true)
  })

-  test("collapses failed patches", () => {
-    const patch: SessionMessageAssistantTool = {
+  test("collapses errored tools regardless of disclosure preferences", () => {
+    const errored = (name: string): SessionMessageAssistantTool => ({
      type: "tool",
-      id: "tool_patch",
-      name: "patch",
+      id: `tool_${name}`,
+      name,
      state: {
        status: "error",
        input: {},
-        error: { type: "ToolError", message: "Verification failed" },
+        error: { type: "ToolError", message: "Tool execution interrupted" },
        metadata: {},
      },
      time: { created: 1, completed: 2 },
-    }
-    expect(currentContentDefaultOpen(patch, false, false)).toBe(false)
+    })
+    expect(currentContentDefaultOpen(errored("shell"), true, true)).toBe(false)
+    expect(currentContentDefaultOpen(errored("execute"), true, true)).toBe(false)
+    expect(currentContentDefaultOpen(errored("edit"), true, true)).toBe(false)
+    expect(currentContentDefaultOpen(errored("patch"), false, false)).toBe(false)
  })

  test("opens deletion-only patches", () => {
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import { CurrentContextToolGroup, CurrentFileToolGroup, ToolDisplay } from "../t
 import { currentToolError, currentToolInput, currentToolMetadata, currentToolOutput } from "./current-tool-state"

 export type { SessionUserActions, SessionUserComment } from "../actions"
-export { MessageDivider } from "./message-content"
 export { SessionShellMessage } from "../tools/tool-renderer"
 export { currentContentDefaultOpen } from "./current-tool-state"

@@ -35,8 +35,10 @@ export function currentContentDefaultOpen(
  editExpanded: boolean,
 ) {
  if (content.type !== "tool") return undefined
+  // Errored tools render the error card, which starts collapsed.
+  if (content.state.status === "error") return false
  if (content.name === "shell" || content.name === "execute") return shellExpanded
-  if (content.name === "patch") return content.state.status !== "error"
+  if (content.name === "patch") return true
  if (content.name !== "edit" && content.name !== "write") return undefined
  if (!editExpanded) return false
  const files = currentToolMetadata(content).files
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { ImagePreview } from "@opencode-ai/ui/image-preview"
 import { getFilename } from "@opencode-ai/util/path"
 import { AttachmentCard } from "./attachment-card"
 import { CommentCard } from "./comment-card"
+import { TimelineSeparator } from "../components/timeline-separator"
 import { Tooltip } from "@opencode-ai/ui/tooltip"
 import { IconButton } from "@opencode-ai/ui/icon-button"
 import { Icon } from "@opencode-ai/ui/icon"
@@ -371,20 +372,6 @@ function CurrentHighlightedText(props: {

 type HighlightSegment = { text: string; type?: "file" | "agent" }

-export function MessageDivider(props: { label: string }) {
-  return (
-    <div data-component="compaction-part">
-      <div data-slot="compaction-part-divider">
-        <span data-slot="compaction-part-line" />
-        <span data-slot="compaction-part-label" class="text-12-regular text-text-weak">
-          {props.label}
-        </span>
-        <span data-slot="compaction-part-line" />
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  )
-}
-
 export function SessionCompactionMessage(props: { message: SessionMessageCompaction; error: string }) {
  const i18n = useI18n()
  const summary = () => (props.message.status === "failed" ? "" : props.message.summary)
@@ -395,7 +382,9 @@ export function SessionCompactionMessage(props: { message: SessionMessageCompact

  return (
    <div data-component="session-compaction-message">
-      <MessageDivider label={i18n.t("ui.messagePart.compaction")} />
+      <div class="py-2">
+        <TimelineSeparator label={i18n.t("ui.messagePart.compaction")} />
+      </div>
      <Show when={summary().trim()}>
        <div data-component="text-part" data-timeline-part-id={props.message.id}>
          <div data-slot="text-part-body">
@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@ import { Tooltip } from "@opencode-ai/ui/tooltip"
 import { For, Show, createMemo, type Accessor, type JSX } from "solid-js"
 import type { SessionUserActions, SessionUserComment } from "../actions"
 import { BasicTool } from "../components/basic-tool"
+import { useData } from "../context"
+import { TimelineSeparator } from "../components/timeline-separator"
 import {
-  MessageDivider,
  SessionAssistantContent,
  SessionContextToolGroup,
  SessionFileToolGroup,
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ export function createSessionTimelineRowRenderer(input: {
  anchor?: (messageID: string) => string | undefined
 }) {
  const i18n = useI18n()
+  const data = useData()
  const workingTurn = (messageID: string) =>
    input.status().type !== "idle" && input.projection.activeMessageID() === messageID
  const duration = (messageID: string) => {
@@ -183,11 +185,7 @@ export function createSessionTimelineRowRenderer(input: {
        label: i18n.t("ui.tool.agent.default"),
        data: message.previous ? `${message.previous} → ${message.agent}` : message.agent,
      }
-    if (message.type === "model-switched")
-      return {
-        label: i18n.t("ui.sessionTimeline.notice.model"),
-        data: `${message.model.providerID}/${message.model.id}`,
-      }
+    if (message.type === "model-switched") return undefined
    if (message.type === "skill") return { label: i18n.t("ui.tool.skill"), data: message.name }
    if (message.type === "system") {
      const prefix = "Instructions updated: "
@@ -328,6 +326,18 @@ export function createSessionTimelineRowRenderer(input: {
        const value = message()
        return value?.type === "location-switched" ? value : undefined
      })
+      const model = createMemo(() => {
+        const value = message()
+        if (value?.type !== "model-switched") return undefined
+        const match = data.store.provider?.all?.get(value.model.providerID)
+        return {
+          providerID: value.model.providerID,
+          variant: value.model.variant,
+          label: i18n.t("ui.sessionTimeline.notice.modelSwitched", {
+            model: match?.models?.[value.model.id]?.name ?? value.model.id,
+          }),
+        }
+      })
      const content = createMemo(() => {
        const value = message()
        return value ? notice(value) : undefined
@@ -346,50 +356,69 @@ export function createSessionTimelineRowRenderer(input: {
          <Show
            when={moved()}
            fallback={
-              <Show when={content()}>
-                {(content) => (
-                  <Show
-                    when={content().items?.length}
-                    fallback={
-                      <div
-                        data-slot="session-timeline-notice"
-                        class={`w-full pt-3 pb-1 text-13-regular text-text-weak ${padding()}`}
+              <Show
+                when={model()}
+                fallback={
+                  <Show when={content()}>
+                    {(content) => (
+                      <Show
+                        when={content().items?.length}
+                        fallback={
+                          <div
+                            data-slot="session-timeline-notice"
+                            class={`w-full pt-3 pb-1 text-13-regular text-text-weak ${padding()}`}
+                          >
+                            <bdi dir="auto" class="text-13-medium">
+                              {content().label}
+                            </bdi>
+                            <Show when={content().data}>
+                              {(data) => (
+                                <span>
+                                  {" "}
+                                  · <bdi dir="auto">{data()}</bdi>
+                                </span>
+                              )}
+                            </Show>
+                          </div>
+                        }
                      >
-                        <bdi dir="auto" class="text-13-medium">
-                          {content().label}
-                        </bdi>
-                        <Show when={content().data}>
-                          {(data) => (
-                            <span>
-                              {" "}
-                              · <bdi dir="auto">{data()}</bdi>
-                            </span>
-                          )}
-                        </Show>
-                      </div>
-                    }
-                  >
-                    <div data-slot="session-timeline-notice" class={`w-full py-1 ${padding()}`}>
-                      <div class="flex min-h-5 min-w-0 items-center gap-2 overflow-hidden">
-                        <bdi
-                          dir="auto"
-                          class="shrink-0 text-[13px] font-[530] leading-text-compact tracking-[-0.04px] text-v2-text-text-faint"
-                        >
-                          {content().label}
-                        </bdi>
-                        <For each={content().items}>
-                          {(item) => (
+                        <div data-slot="session-timeline-notice" class={`w-full py-1 ${padding()}`}>
+                          <div class="flex min-h-5 min-w-0 items-center gap-2 overflow-hidden">
                            <bdi
                              dir="auto"
-                              class="min-w-0 truncate text-[13px] font-[440] leading-text-compact tracking-[-0.04px] text-v2-text-text-faint"
+                              class="shrink-0 text-[13px] font-[530] leading-text-compact tracking-[-0.04px] text-v2-text-text-faint"
                            >
-                              {item}
+                              {content().label}
                            </bdi>
-                          )}
-                        </For>
-                      </div>
-                    </div>
+                            <For each={content().items}>
+                              {(item) => (
+                                <bdi
+                                  dir="auto"
+                                  class="min-w-0 truncate text-[13px] font-[440] leading-text-compact tracking-[-0.04px] text-v2-text-text-faint"
+                                >
+                                  {item}
+                                </bdi>
+                              )}
+                            </For>
+                          </div>
+                        </div>
+                      </Show>
+                    )}
                  </Show>
+                }
+              >
+                {(model) => (
+                  <div
+                    data-slot="session-timeline-notice"
+                    data-type="model-switched"
+                    class={`w-full py-2 ${padding()}`}
+                  >
+                    <TimelineSeparator
+                      label={model().label}
+                      providerID={model().providerID}
+                      variant={model().variant}
+                    />
+                  </div>
                )}
              </Show>
            }
@@ -430,7 +459,9 @@ export function createSessionTimelineRowRenderer(input: {
        <Frame row={current()}>
          <div data-slot="session-turn-message-container" class={`w-full ${padding()}`}>
            <div data-slot="session-turn-compaction">
-              <MessageDivider label={i18n.t("ui.message.interrupted")} />
+              <div class="py-2">
+                <TimelineSeparator label={i18n.t("ui.message.interrupted")} />
+              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </Frame>
@@ -772,6 +772,7 @@ export function ToolDisplay(
    if (typeof value === "string" && value) return value
    return taskId()
  })
+  const errorSubtitle = createMemo(() => toolErrorSubtitle(props, i18n))
  const error = createMemo(() => toolDisplayError(props, i18n.t("ui.toolErrorCard.failed")))
  const render = createMemo(() => ToolRegistry.render(props.tool) ?? GenericTool)

@@ -799,7 +800,7 @@ export function ToolDisplay(
                  defaultOpen={props.defaultOpen}
                  open={props.open}
                  onOpenChange={props.onOpenChange}
-                  subtitle={taskSubtitle()}
+                  subtitle={taskSubtitle() ?? errorSubtitle()}
                  href={taskHref()}
                  onSubtitleClick={(event) => {
                    if (!data.navigateToSession) return
@@ -822,6 +823,32 @@ export function ToolDisplay(
  )
 }

+// Each branch must stay in sync with its tool trigger's subtitle expression so
+// failed rows read like their non-error counterparts ("Shell sleep 30").
+function toolErrorSubtitle(props: ToolProps, i18n: UiI18n) {
+  const text = (value: unknown) => (typeof value === "string" && value ? value : undefined)
+  if (props.tool === "shell") return text(props.input.command) ?? text(props.metadata.command)
+  if (props.tool === "execute") return text(props.input.code)
+  if (props.tool === "read") return getFilename(readToolPath(props.input) ?? "")
+  if (props.tool === "edit" || props.tool === "write") return getFilename(text(props.input.path) ?? "")
+  if (props.tool === "list" || props.tool === "glob" || props.tool === "grep")
+    return displayDirectory(text(props.input.path) ?? "/")
+  if (props.tool === "webfetch") return text(props.input.url)
+  if (props.tool === "websearch") return text(props.input.query)
+  if (props.tool === "skill") return skillToolName(props.input, props.metadata)
+  if (props.tool === "patch") {
+    const count = patchFileGroups(props.metadata.files).length
+    if (count === 0) return undefined
+    return `${count} ${i18n.plural("ui.common.file", count)}`
+  }
+  if (props.tool === "question") {
+    const count = Array.isArray(props.input.questions) ? props.input.questions.filter(questionInfo).length : 0
+    if (count === 0) return undefined
+    return `${count} ${i18n.plural("ui.common.question", count)}`
+  }
+  return undefined
+}
+
 function toolDisplayError(props: ToolProps & { error?: string }, fallback: string) {
  if (props.status === "error") return props.error
  if (props.tool !== "execute") return undefined
@@ -1282,7 +1282,9 @@ function App(props: { pair?: DialogPairCredentials }) {
        evt.preventDefault()
        evt.stopPropagation()
      }}
-      onMouseUp={copyOnSelectEnabled() ? () => Selection.copy(renderer, toast, clipboard) : undefined}
+      onMouseUp={
+        copyOnSelectEnabled() ? (event) => Selection.copyOnSelectRelease(event, renderer, toast, clipboard) : undefined
+      }
    >
      <box
        flexGrow={1}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Kit Langton	e45e79aa61	fix(core): accept null as omitted for optional tool inputs The JSON Schema advertised for tools renders optional fields as `X \| null` because JSON cannot express undefined, so callers (models, Code Mode agents) legitimately pass null meaning "omit" and were rejected with 'Expected string \| undefined'. Decode now retries with null-valued object properties removed when the first attempt fails: schemas that genuinely accept null succeed on the first attempt, array elements stay positional, and the original error is reported when the retry cannot help.	2026-08-23 20:26:39 -04:00
usrnk1andLukeParkerDev	d3e5d6d268	feat(desktop): add model change notices (#43288 ) Co-authored-by: LukeParkerDev <10430890+Hona@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-08-24 00:17:35 +00:00
Kit Langton	f9bc948912	fix(core): skip local liveness check for workspace locations (#44560 )	2026-08-23 20:17:04 -04:00
opencode-agent[bot]	6f238feeff	chore: update nix node_modules hashes	2026-08-24 00:07:29 +00:00
Kit Langton	e867a21ea5	feat(core): decouple workspace identity from provisioning (#44526 )	2026-08-23 23:49:51 +00:00
Luke Parker	64c0411edb	fix(session-ui): align tool error card with figma (#44543 )	2026-08-23 23:31:45 +00:00
opencode-agent[bot]andrekram1-node	7da10aa65d	fix(ai): retry detail-free response errors (#44537 ) Co-authored-by: rekram1-node <rekram1-node@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-08-23 17:39:55 -05:00
Luke Parker	d80b0a1e7e	fix(desktop): reconnect to elected service (#44369 )	2026-08-24 08:27:04 +10:00
opencode-agent[bot]	481125f617	chore: update nix node_modules hashes	2026-08-23 22:15:43 +00:00
Kit Langton	59d0d64a6b	chore: upgrade Effect to rc.111 (#44518 )	2026-08-23 18:01:44 -04:00
opencode-agent[bot]andthdxr	e0cdf1ed09	fix(tui): restore global prompt history (#44416 ) Co-authored-by: thdxr <thdxr@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-08-23 17:53:16 -04:00
Kit Langton	9e50d76416	fix(codegen): write prettier-stable schema snapshot (#43985 )	2026-08-23 17:34:47 -04:00
Dax	771c0f5850	fix(core): avoid stale MCP OAuth snapshots destroying rotated credentials (#44527 )	2026-08-23 17:02:51 -04:00
Kit Langton	b1a0ef91bb	refactor(core): use FiberMap for title generation (#44519 )	2026-08-23 16:22:43 -04:00
Kit Langton	2e67cee75b	fix(tui): recover from terminal forms (#44516 )	2026-08-23 16:21:28 -04:00
opencode-agent[bot]andrekram1-node	890735c1d7	feat(plugin): expose tool input schema (#44510 ) Co-authored-by: rekram1-node <rekram1-node@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-08-23 14:19:57 -05:00
Aiden Cline	049f0b0c3b	fix(ai): handle additional usage locations and tool history for OpenAI Chat (#44502 )	2026-08-23 13:48:30 -05:00
Aiden Cline	6020f36862	fix(ai): handle anthropic error events and ping frames (#44500 )	2026-08-23 13:45:21 -05:00
Simon Klee	0d24ebdbbe	tui: preserve selection after copy (#44496 ) Copy-on-select reset the click counter, so a third click could not select the full line. Keep the selection after copying to preserve multi-click input.	2026-08-23 20:40:19 +02:00
opencode-agent[bot]andrekram1-node	b22c182406	fix(ai): preserve inline file data URLs (#44499 ) Co-authored-by: rekram1-node <63023139+rekram1-node@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-08-23 13:39:38 -05:00
Aiden Cline	c7f2f367e3	refactor(ai): remove deprecated local shell (#44497 )	2026-08-23 13:36:10 -05:00
Aiden Cline	ccd2135e7a	fix(ai): tolerate explicit nulls in Gemini stream payloads (#44490 )	2026-08-23 13:17:13 -05:00
Brendan Allan	c7c22b9d7e	fix(app): stabilize pane transitions (#44484 )	2026-08-23 17:59:00 +00:00
Aiden Cline	67e99993f5	fix(ai): align Responses compatibility (#44482 )	2026-08-23 12:53:14 -05:00