feat(browser): add experimental desktop browser

2026-08-28 20:46:14 +00:00 · 2026-08-25 11:19:14 +10:00
1135 changed files with 27726 additions and 73863 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@opencode-ai/core": patch
+---
+
+Preserve prompt cache prefixes when sessions move between locations with unchanged instructions.
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@opencode-ai/core": patch
+---
+
+Fix OpenCode Console device authorization URLs when the server returns an origin-rooted verification path.
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
---
-"@opencode-ai/core": patch
---
-
-Correct directory page headings when the read offset is zero.
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@opencode-ai/core": patch
+---
+
+Prompt and synthetic inbox ID reuse is now idempotent: reusing an ID within the same Session succeeds and returns the first admission, ignoring the retried payload, metadata, and delivery mode. Previously reuse with a differing payload failed with a conflict. Cross-Session and cross-type reuse still fail, and control items keep their operation-specific conflict behavior.
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@opencode-ai/core": patch
+---
+
+Nested AGENTS.md instructions are re-injected after compaction. Previously the in-memory dedup claim outlived the synthetic message that compaction dropped from model-visible history, so nested instructions were silently lost for the rest of the process lifetime. The claim now only guards in-flight loads; the synthetic message metadata in durable history is the sole lasting ledger, so any history truncation (compaction, revert) self-heals on the next read in that subtree.
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@opencode-ai/plugin": patch
+---
+
+Derive Promise plugin API request and response conversion from the canonical protocol schemas.
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+"@opencode-ai/core": minor
+"@opencode-ai/schema": minor
+"@opencode-ai/protocol": minor
+"@opencode-ai/client": minor
+---
+
+Remove the unused question request API and use session forms for question tool interactions.
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@opencode-ai/core": patch
+---
+
+Apply shared Session model-request preparation to transient generation.
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+---
+"@opencode-ai/core": minor
+"@opencode-ai/schema": minor
+"@opencode-ai/protocol": minor
+"@opencode-ai/client": minor
+---
+
+Add an opt-in portable shell permission scanner. Opaque commands use normal shell authorization without inferring
+external directories, while the default tree-sitter path remains unchanged.
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@opencode-ai/core": patch
+---
+
+Simplify interrupt continuation: the steer-scoped resume decision now lives in SessionExecution as a post-cleanup inbox check, and the run coordinator drops its continuation state machine. Wakes arriving during cancellation cleanup now restart a normal full drain, and interrupting an idle session with continue now resumes pending steering input. Recovery-applied moves now end with the same full wake as inbox-admitted moves, retrying any stranded inbox work at the new location. Interrupting with continue now also resumes a next-in-line control item: between-turn manual compaction and moves run under any drain scope, while queued prompts remain parked.
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+"@opencode-ai/client": patch
+"@opencode-ai/plugin": patch
+---
+
+Add form reply and cancellation operations that reconcile terminal forms in the local TUI projection.
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@opencode-ai/core": patch
+---
+
+Title generation and compaction summaries now build their model requests through the shared session request boundary, gaining unsupported-media filtering and image bounds while explicitly opting out of session context hooks: plugins that shape the agent conversation do not observe title or compaction requests. Title requests gain the fork-aware session prompt cache key, and compaction summaries in forked sessions reuse the fork root's prompt cache key instead of the fork's own.
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+"@opencode-ai/plugin": patch
+"@opencode-ai/core": patch
+---
+
+Add transport-neutral Session model request hooks and provider-scoped hook registration so eligible OpenAI Responses requests can prefer WebSocket without bypassing HTTP-only middleware.
@@ -135,16 +135,7 @@ jobs:

            const linkedIssues = result.repository.pullRequest.closingIssuesReferences.totalCount;

-            // GitHub only populates closingIssuesReferences when a PR targets the repository's
-            // default branch (dev). PRs targeting other branches like v2 always return totalCount 0.
-            // Fall back to checking the PR description for closing keywords (e.g. Closes #123).
-            const body = pr.body || '';
-            const issueMatch = body.match(/### Issue for this PR\s*\n([\s\S]*?)(?=###|$)/);
-            const issueContent = issueMatch ? issueMatch[1].trim() : body;
-            const hasBodyIssueRef = /(closes|fixes|resolves)\s+#\d+/i.test(issueContent) || /#\d+/.test(issueContent);
-            const hasLinkedIssue = linkedIssues > 0 || hasBodyIssueRef;
-
-            if (!hasLinkedIssue) {
+            if (linkedIssues === 0) {
              await addLabel('needs:issue');
              await comment('issue', `Thanks for your contribution!

@@ -22,36 +22,6 @@ env:
  FORCE_JAVASCRIPT_ACTIONS_TO_NODE24: true

 jobs:
-  affected:
-    name: affected packages
-    runs-on: blacksmith-4vcpu-ubuntu-2404
-    outputs:
-      app: ${{ steps.packages.outputs.app }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4.3.1
-        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          fetch-depth: 0
-
-      - name: Setup Bun
-        uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@0c5077e51419868618aeaa5fe8019c62421857d6 # v2.2.0
-        with:
-          bun-version-file: package.json
-
-      - name: Find affected packages
-        id: packages
-        env:
-          TURBO_SCM_BASE: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && format('{0}^1', github.sha) || github.event.before }}
-          TURBO_SCM_HEAD: ${{ github.sha }}
-        run: |
-          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "workflow_dispatch" ]; then
-            echo "app=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-            exit 0
-          fi
-          bun x turbo@2.10.2 ls --affected --filter=@opencode-ai/app --output=json > affected.json
-          bun -e 'const result = await Bun.file("affected.json").json(); console.log(`app=${result.packages.count > 0}`)' >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-
  unit:
    name: unit (${{ matrix.settings.name }})
    strategy:
@@ -71,7 +41,6 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4.3.1
        with:
          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          fetch-depth: 0

      - name: Setup Node
        uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4.4.0
@@ -111,16 +80,9 @@ jobs:

      - name: Run unit tests
        timeout-minutes: 20
-        run: |
-          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "workflow_dispatch" ]; then
-            GITHUB_ACTIONS=false bun turbo test
-            exit 0
-          fi
-          GITHUB_ACTIONS=false bun turbo test --affected
+        run: GITHUB_ACTIONS=false bun turbo test
        env:
          OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_DISABLE_FILEWATCHER: ${{ runner.os == 'Windows' && 'true' || 'false' }}
-          TURBO_SCM_BASE: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && format('{0}^1', github.sha) || github.event.before }}
-          TURBO_SCM_HEAD: ${{ github.sha }}

      - name: Verify published codemode package
        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
@@ -130,15 +92,8 @@ jobs:
      - name: Verify packed workerd SDK
        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
        timeout-minutes: 15
-        run: |
-          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "workflow_dispatch" ]; then
-            bun turbo verify:package --filter=@opencode-ai/sdk
-            exit 0
-          fi
-          bun turbo verify:package --affected --filter=@opencode-ai/sdk
-        env:
-          TURBO_SCM_BASE: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && format('{0}^1', github.sha) || github.event.before }}
-          TURBO_SCM_HEAD: ${{ github.sha }}
+        working-directory: packages/sdk
+        run: bun run verify:package

      - name: Verify compiled service lifecycle
        if: always()
@@ -178,7 +133,7 @@ jobs:

  e2e:
    name: e2e (${{ matrix.settings.name }})
-    needs: affected
+    if: github.ref_name != 'v2' && github.head_ref != 'v2'
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
@@ -189,38 +144,32 @@ jobs:
            host: blacksmith-4vcpu-windows-2025
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.settings.host }}
    env:
-      E2E_ENABLED: ${{ needs.affected.outputs.app == 'true' && github.ref_name != 'v2' && github.head_ref != 'v2' }}
      PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_PATH: ${{ github.workspace }}/.playwright-browsers
    defaults:
      run:
        shell: bash
    steps:
      - name: Checkout repository
-        if: env.E2E_ENABLED == 'true'
        uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4.3.1
        with:
          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

      - name: Setup Node
-        if: env.E2E_ENABLED == 'true'
        uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4.4.0
        with:
          # Playwright 1.59 hangs while extracting Chromium with Node 24.16.
          node-version: "24.15"

      - name: Setup Bun
-        if: env.E2E_ENABLED == 'true'
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-bun

      - name: Read Playwright version
-        if: env.E2E_ENABLED == 'true'
        id: playwright-version
        run: |
          version=$(node -e 'console.log(require("./package.json").workspaces.catalog["@playwright/test"])')
          echo "version=$version" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"

      - name: Cache Playwright browsers
-        if: env.E2E_ENABLED == 'true'
        id: playwright-cache
        uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
        with:
@@ -228,30 +177,23 @@ jobs:
          key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-playwright-${{ steps.playwright-version.outputs.version }}-chromium

      - name: Install Playwright system dependencies
-        if: env.E2E_ENABLED == 'true' && runner.os == 'Linux'
+        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
        working-directory: packages/app
        run: bunx playwright install-deps chromium

      - name: Install Playwright browsers
-        if: env.E2E_ENABLED == 'true' && steps.playwright-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        if: steps.playwright-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
        working-directory: packages/app
        run: bunx playwright install chromium

-      - name: Run app e2e tests against production build
-        if: env.E2E_ENABLED == 'true'
-        run: bun --cwd packages/app test:e2e:built
+      - name: Run app e2e tests
+        run: bun --cwd packages/app test:e2e:local
        env:
          CI: true
        timeout-minutes: 30

-      - name: Verify service worker precaching and upgrades
-        if: env.E2E_ENABLED == 'true'
-        working-directory: packages/app
-        run: bunx playwright test --config e2e/service-worker/playwright.config.ts
-        timeout-minutes: 5
-
      - name: Upload Playwright artifacts
-        if: always() && env.E2E_ENABLED == 'true'
+        if: always()
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
        with:
          name: playwright-${{ matrix.settings.name }}-${{ github.run_attempt }}
@@ -41,5 +41,11 @@
    // Warn when spreading non-plain objects (Headers, class instances, etc.)
    "typescript/no-misused-spread": "warn"
  },
+  "options": {
+    "typeAware": true
+  },
+  "options": {
+    "typeAware": true
+  },
  "ignorePatterns": ["**/node_modules", "**/dist", "**/.build", "**/.sst", "**/*.d.ts", "**/sdk.gen.ts"]
 }
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 exact = true
 # Only install newly resolved package versions published at least 3 days ago.
 minimumReleaseAge = 259200
-minimumReleaseAgeExcludes = ["@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock", "@ai-sdk/anthropic", "@brendonovich/vite-plugin-opencode", "@opencode-ai/sdk", "@opencode-ai/pty", "@opencode-ai/pty-darwin-arm64", "@opencode-ai/pty-darwin-x64", "@opencode-ai/pty-linux-arm64-gnu", "@opencode-ai/pty-linux-arm64-musl", "@opencode-ai/pty-linux-x64-gnu", "@opencode-ai/pty-linux-x64-musl", "@opentui/core", "@opentui/core-darwin-arm64", "@opentui/core-darwin-x64", "@opentui/core-linux-arm64", "@opentui/core-linux-arm64-musl", "@opentui/core-linux-x64", "@opentui/core-linux-x64-musl", "@opentui/core-win32-arm64", "@opentui/core-win32-x64", "@opentui/keymap", "@opentui/solid", "opentui-spinner", "gitlab-ai-provider", "opencode-gitlab-auth", "@ff-labs/fff-node", "@ff-labs/fff-bun", "@ff-labs/fff-bin-darwin-arm64", "@ff-labs/fff-bin-darwin-x64", "@ff-labs/fff-bin-linux-arm64-gnu", "@ff-labs/fff-bin-linux-arm64-musl", "@ff-labs/fff-bin-linux-x64-gnu", "@ff-labs/fff-bin-linux-x64-musl", "@ff-labs/fff-bin-win32-arm64", "@ff-labs/fff-bin-win32-x64", "@pierre/diffs", "@pierre/theming", "app-builder-lib", "dmg-builder", "electron", "electron-builder", "electron-publish", "blume", "mermaid"]
+minimumReleaseAgeExcludes = ["@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock", "@ai-sdk/anthropic", "@opencode-ai/sdk", "@opentui/core", "@opentui/core-darwin-arm64", "@opentui/core-darwin-x64", "@opentui/core-linux-arm64", "@opentui/core-linux-arm64-musl", "@opentui/core-linux-x64", "@opentui/core-linux-x64-musl", "@opentui/core-win32-arm64", "@opentui/core-win32-x64", "@opentui/keymap", "@opentui/solid", "opentui-spinner", "gitlab-ai-provider", "opencode-gitlab-auth", "@ff-labs/fff-node", "@ff-labs/fff-bun", "@ff-labs/fff-bin-darwin-arm64", "@ff-labs/fff-bin-darwin-x64", "@ff-labs/fff-bin-linux-arm64-gnu", "@ff-labs/fff-bin-linux-arm64-musl", "@ff-labs/fff-bin-linux-x64-gnu", "@ff-labs/fff-bin-linux-x64-musl", "@ff-labs/fff-bin-win32-arm64", "@ff-labs/fff-bin-win32-x64", "@pierre/diffs", "@pierre/theming", "app-builder-lib", "dmg-builder", "electron-builder", "electron-publish", "blume"]

 [test]
 root = "./do-not-run-tests-from-root"
@@ -63,8 +63,7 @@ new sst.cloudflare.StaticSite("WebApp", {
  domain: "app." + domain,
  path: "packages/app",
  build: {
-    // Preserve Sentry credentials and run source-map uploads on every deployment.
-    command: "bun run build",
+    command: "bun turbo build",
    output: "./dist",
  },
 })
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  bun,
  nodejs,
  darwin,
-  callPackage,
+  electron_41,
  makeWrapper,
  writableTmpDirAsHomeHook,
  autoPatchelfHook,
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  opencode,
 }:
 let
-  electron = callPackage ./electron.nix { };
+  electron = electron_41;
 in
 stdenv.mkDerivation (finalAttrs: {
  pname = "opencode-desktop";
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation (finalAttrs: {
    desktopName = "OpenCode";
    exec = "opencode-desktop %U";
    icon = "ai.opencode.desktop";
-    # Electron derives X11 WM_CLASS from app.name.
+    # Electron 41 derives X11 WM_CLASS from app.name.
    startupWMClass = "OpenCode";
    categories = [ "Development" ];
  });
@@ -67,10 +67,12 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation (finalAttrs: {
    # https://github.com/electron/electron/issues/31121
    # mac builds use a .app bundle which doesnt have this issue
    + lib.optionalString stdenv.isLinux ''
-      substituteInPlace \
-        packages/desktop/src/main/windows/appearance.ts \
-        packages/desktop/src/main/service/desktop-cli.ts \
-        --replace-fail "process.resourcesPath" "'$out/opt/opencode-desktop/resources'"
+      BASE_PATH=packages/desktop
+      FILES=(src/main/windows.ts)
+      for file in "''${FILES[@]}"; do
+        substituteInPlace $BASE_PATH/$file \
+          --replace-fail "process.resourcesPath" "'$out/opt/opencode-desktop/resources'"
+      done
    '';

  preBuild = ''
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-{ callPackage, path }:
-let
-  version = (builtins.fromJSON (builtins.readFile ../packages/desktop/package.json)).devDependencies.electron;
-in
-(callPackage (path + "/pkgs/development/tools/electron/binary/generic.nix") { }) version {
-  # Electron 42.10.1 SHASUMS256.txt; update with the desktop package version.
-  aarch64-linux = "20e68d6c4e47f3ebf59de7c6b1f8b8bec6a6ebda6a451132f9b465f3f13ce467";
-  x86_64-linux = "2452b27112d92387471fa2488aafac85d79ea3f2ee1216c0abd5150d6c12362b";
-  aarch64-darwin = "ac7194a3dfd81930ba35355c01620262c1254752859b42dcb8f4b9e4d174a871";
-  x86_64-darwin = "4489aba55477a0082266cb690db1c829503ba3338048599d8fd243953df37dab";
-  # fetchzip hashes the unpacked headers, not the release tarball.
-  headers = "sha256-4eUy3BZVvxTl7KUOsxio7769lL6ag/ecbeK+qLURWMI=";
-}
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 {
  "nodeModules": {
-    "x86_64-linux": "sha256-EtUp4pHl9TyPtRrLGvk/X7kd2LuIxNxCpUwF5aLtzN4=",
-    "aarch64-linux": "sha256-m0j/pMZCguclR3/T9JmzCfi11YzmIvBFyR2bVhIO37Y=",
-    "aarch64-darwin": "sha256-nqefk68ZTUfNU15q1WkXaGsFzPNwOjCtMHpp6WrpNqM=",
-    "x86_64-darwin": "sha256-syD7hX62E4yCDV/wux1QKw4q/zZr24f99Y2mmzMJo6o="
+    "x86_64-linux": "sha256-2bkzaLe/n63btVRQNhu8LXCtMZJArX1Kedi5U40l1xw=",
+    "aarch64-linux": "sha256-5Cs9M3hvDKAymo71y8oZ7jj3pEm+MI+HHhuSuV7UvtM=",
+    "aarch64-darwin": "sha256-LsJcuxE/NMu+vUFdpBKHc2z0sC0C5bRMlH1Kj+ns9dY=",
+    "x86_64-darwin": "sha256-KDjmKC3JZD8I5A7gi+dYIl0dgHVt20/DwkM9RKBWiJk="
  }
 }
@@ -39,24 +39,24 @@
      "packages/stats/*"
    ],
    "catalog": {
-      "@effect/opentelemetry": "4.0.0-rc.112",
-      "@effect/platform-node": "4.0.0-rc.112",
-      "@effect/platform-node-shared": "4.0.0-rc.112",
-      "@effect/sql-sqlite-bun": "4.0.0-rc.112",
+      "@effect/opentelemetry": "4.0.0-rc.111",
+      "@effect/platform-node": "4.0.0-rc.111",
+      "@effect/platform-node-shared": "4.0.0-rc.111",
+      "@effect/sql-sqlite-bun": "4.0.0-rc.111",
      "@npmcli/arborist": "9.4.0",
      "@types/bun": "1.3.13",
      "@types/cross-spawn": "6.0.6",
      "@octokit/rest": "22.0.0",
      "@hono/standard-validator": "0.2.0",
      "@hono/zod-validator": "0.4.2",
-      "@opentui/core": "0.5.9",
-      "@opentui/keymap": "0.5.9",
-      "@opentui/solid": "0.5.9",
+      "@opentui/core": "0.5.8",
+      "@opentui/keymap": "0.5.8",
+      "@opentui/solid": "0.5.8",
      "@tanstack/solid-virtual": "3.13.37",
-      "@shikijs/stream": "4.4.3",
+      "@shikijs/stream": "4.2.0",
      "@standard-schema/spec": "1.1.0",
      "ulid": "3.0.1",
-      "@kobalte/core": "0.13.13",
+      "@kobalte/core": "0.13.11",
      "@corvu/drawer": "0.2.4",
      "@types/luxon": "3.7.1",
      "@types/node": "24.12.2",
@@ -67,16 +67,13 @@
      "@openauthjs/openauth": "0.0.0-20250322224806",
      "@pierre/diffs": "1.2.10",
      "opentui-spinner": "0.0.7",
-      "@solid-primitives/event-listener": "2.4.6",
-      "@solid-primitives/media": "2.3.6",
-      "@solid-primitives/resize-observer": "2.2.0",
-      "@solid-primitives/storage": "4.4.0",
+      "@solid-primitives/storage": "4.3.3",
      "@tailwindcss/vite": "4.1.11",
-      "diff": "8.0.4",
-      "dompurify": "3.4.14",
+      "diff": "8.0.2",
+      "dompurify": "3.3.1",
      "drizzle-kit": "1.0.0-rc.5-ab785fc",
      "drizzle-orm": "1.0.0-rc.5-169397b",
-      "effect": "4.0.0-rc.112",
+      "effect": "4.0.0-rc.111",
      "ai": "6.0.168",
      "cross-spawn": "7.0.6",
      "hono": "4.10.7",
@@ -84,9 +81,9 @@
      "fuzzysort": "3.1.0",
      "get-east-asian-width": "1.6.0",
      "luxon": "3.6.1",
-      "marked": "18.0.11",
+      "marked": "18.0.7",
      "marked-shiki": "1.2.1",
-      "remend": "1.3.1",
+      "remend": "1.3.0",
      "@playwright/test": "1.59.1",
      "semver": "7.7.4",
      "typescript": "5.8.2",
@@ -95,17 +92,17 @@
      "remeda": "2.26.0",
      "resolve.exports": "2.0.3",
      "sst": "4.13.1",
-      "shiki": "4.4.3",
+      "shiki": "4.2.0",
      "solid-list": "0.3.0",
      "string-width": "7.2.0",
      "tailwindcss": "4.1.11",
-      "vite": "7.3.6",
+      "vite": "7.1.4",
      "@solidjs/meta": "0.29.4",
-      "@solidjs/router": "1.0.0",
+      "@solidjs/router": "0.15.4",
      "@solidjs/start": "https://pkg.pr.new/@solidjs/start@dfb2020",
-      "@sentry/solid": "10.71.0",
-      "@sentry/vite-plugin": "5.4.0",
-      "solid-js": "1.9.15",
+      "@sentry/solid": "10.36.0",
+      "@sentry/vite-plugin": "4.6.0",
+      "solid-js": "1.9.10",
      "solid-sonner": "0.3.1",
      "vite-plugin-solid": "2.11.10",
      "@lydell/node-pty": "1.2.0-beta.12"
@@ -161,8 +158,7 @@
    "@effect/platform-node-shared": "catalog:",
    "@types/bun": "catalog:",
    "@types/node": "catalog:",
-    "effect": "catalog:",
-    "solid-js": "catalog:"
+    "effect": "catalog:"
  },
  "patchedDependencies": {
    "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible@2.0.41": "patches/@ai-sdk%2Fopenai-compatible@2.0.41.patch",
@@ -170,7 +166,7 @@
    "@npmcli/agent@4.0.2": "patches/@npmcli%2Fagent@4.0.2.patch",
    "@silvia-odwyer/photon-node@0.3.4": "patches/@silvia-odwyer%2Fphoton-node@0.3.4.patch",
    "@standard-community/standard-openapi@0.2.9": "patches/@standard-community%2Fstandard-openapi@0.2.9.patch",
-    "solid-js@1.9.15": "patches/solid-js@1.9.15.patch",
+    "solid-js@1.9.10": "patches/solid-js@1.9.10.patch",
    "@ai-sdk/mistral@3.0.51": "patches/@ai-sdk%2Fmistral@3.0.51.patch",
    "gcp-metadata@8.1.2": "patches/gcp-metadata@8.1.2.patch",
    "pacote@21.5.0": "patches/pacote@21.5.0.patch",
@@ -19,14 +19,6 @@ Per-type constructors live on the type, not as top-level re-exports. Use `Messag
 - Use `testEffect(...)` from `test/lib/effect.ts` for tests requiring Effect layers.
 - Keep provider tests fixture-first. Live provider calls must stay behind `RECORD=true` and required API-key checks.

-## Errors
-
- `AIError` wraps a union of tagged reason errors. It stores only `reason`, derives `message` from the reason, and exposes the reason as its `cause`.
- Each reason owns its readable `message`, category-specific fields, and optional `body`, `http`, and underlying exception in `cause`.
- `reason.body` is the sole original-response or triggering-event payload field. Preserve original text before schema decoding removes fields; do not replace the complete event with only its nested error.
- `reason.http` describes an observed HTTP response with required `url`, `status`, and response `headers`. Do not invent status codes or derive a separate request ID from headers.
- Reclassification and transport recovery must preserve the reason's body, HTTP context, and underlying cause. Error `message` and `cause` are non-enumerable: copy them explicitly when constructing an enriched reason with its constructor or `AIErrorReason.make`.
-
 ## Architecture

 This package is an Effect Schema-first LLM core. The Schema classes in `src/schema/` are the canonical runtime data model. Convenience functions in `src/llm.ts` are thin constructors that return those same Schema class instances; they should improve callsites without creating a second model.
@@ -214,40 +214,22 @@ the requests sent by code under test:
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { TestLLM } from "@opencode-ai/ai/testing"

+const testLLM = TestLLM.layer({
+  fallback: TestLLM.text("Hello from the test model", "text-1"),
+})
+
+// TestLLM.clientLayer provides LLMClient.Service and consumes TestLLM.Service.
 const programWithTestClient = Effect.gen(function* () {
-  const test = yield* TestLLM.Test
-  yield* test.push(TestLLM.text("Hello from the test model", "text-1"))
  const result = yield* program
-  console.log(yield* test.requests())
+  const test = yield* TestLLM.Service
+  console.log(test.requests)
  return result
-}).pipe(Effect.provide(TestLLM.testLayer()))
+}).pipe(Effect.provide(TestLLM.clientLayer), Effect.provide(testLLM))
 ```

-`testLayer()` provides the same object under `LLMClient.Service` and `TestLLM.Test`. Production consumes the
-normal client; tests use the additional controls. Each layer build has fresh state.
-
- `test.push(...)` queues one-shot responses in execution order. Each argument is one response.
- `test.always(response)` installs a repeatable fallback. The layer's `fallback` option sets its initial value.
- `test.serve(request => response)` installs a request-dependent fallback. `always` and `serve` replace each
-  other without changing queued replies; queued replies take precedence.
- `test.requests()` returns an array snapshot. `transformRequest` changes only the recorded observation;
-  `serve` receives the original canonical request.
- `test.wait(count)` waits for request arrivals, not output or completion, and supports concurrent waiters.
- `test.gate()` returns a scoped gate with countable `started` notifications and a `release` Effect. Release
-  unblocks all requests captured by that gate; closing its scope also releases it. Effect-aware test runners
-  already provide Scope.
-
-Constructing `stream()` or `generate()` does not record a request, invoke a responder, or consume a script.
-Each execution does. An exhausted queue without a fallback defects immediately rather than waiting for a
-future reply.
-
-Responses remain canonical event arrays or arbitrary `Stream<LLMEvent, AIError>` values. The client consumes
-supplied streams directly, preserving failure identity, finalizers, incomplete output, and post-finish tails;
-it does not repair or truncate them.
-
-The published legacy `Service`, `layer`, `clientLayer`, and module-level controls remain available as adapters
-over the same implementation, including the legacy live `requests` array. New tests should use `Test` and
-`testLayer`.
+`TestLLM.push(...)` scripts one-shot responses, `TestLLM.always(...)` changes the fallback, and
+`TestLLM.wait(...)` lets concurrent tests wait until a request has arrived. Every received canonical request is
+available on the yielded `TestLLM.Service`.

 ## Caching

@@ -157,9 +157,9 @@ const PROVIDERS: ReadonlyArray<Provider> = [
    id: "togetherai",
    label: "TogetherAI",
    tier: "compatible",
-    note: "Native Together AI text/tool recorded tests",
-    vars: [{ name: "TOGETHER_API_KEY" }],
-    validate: (env) => validateBearer("https://api.together.xyz/v1/models", Redacted.make(env.TOGETHER_API_KEY)),
+    note: "Existing OpenAI-compatible text/tool recorded tests",
+    vars: [{ name: "TOGETHER_AI_API_KEY" }],
+    validate: (env) => validateBearer("https://api.together.xyz/v1/models", Redacted.make(env.TOGETHER_AI_API_KEY)),
  },
  {
    id: "minimax",
@@ -200,8 +200,8 @@ const PROVIDERS: ReadonlyArray<Provider> = [
  {
    id: "cerebras",
    label: "Cerebras",
-    tier: "compatible",
-    note: "Native Cerebras text/tool/tool-loop recorded tests",
+    tier: "optional",
+    note: "OpenAI-compatible bridge",
    vars: [{ name: "CEREBRAS_API_KEY" }],
    validate: (env) => validateBearer("https://api.cerebras.ai/v1/models", Redacted.make(env.CEREBRAS_API_KEY)),
  },
@@ -36,12 +36,7 @@ const resolve = (policy: CachePolicy | undefined): CachePolicyObject => {
 // Protocols whose wire format ignores inline cache markers (OpenAI's implicit
 // prefix caching, Gemini's implicit + out-of-band CachedContent). Skip the
 // whole policy pass for these — emitting hints would be harmless but pointless.
-const RESPECTS_INLINE_HINTS = new Set([
-  "anthropic-messages",
-  "google-vertex-messages",
-  "bedrock-converse",
-  "openrouter",
-])
+const RESPECTS_INLINE_HINTS = new Set(["anthropic-messages", "bedrock-converse", "openrouter"])

 const makeHint = (ttlSeconds: number | undefined): CacheHint =>
  ttlSeconds !== undefined ? new CacheHint({ type: "ephemeral", ttlSeconds }) : new CacheHint({ type: "ephemeral" })
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 import { Context, Effect, Layer } from "effect"
 import { RequestExecutor } from "./route/executor.js"
-import { mergeHttpOptions, type AIError } from "./schema/index.js"
-import { sanitizeSurrogates } from "./utils/sanitize.js"
 import type { ImageOptions, ImageRequest, ImageRequestFor, ImageResponse } from "./image.js"
+import type { AIError } from "./schema/index.js"

 export type Execute = RequestExecutor.Interface["execute"]

@@ -27,18 +26,7 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, RequestExecutor.Service> = Layer
  Effect.gen(function* () {
    const executor = yield* RequestExecutor.Service
    return Service.of({
-      generate: (request) =>
-        request.model.route.generate(
-          {
-            ...sanitizeSurrogates({
-              ...request,
-              model: undefined,
-              http: mergeHttpOptions(request.model.http, request.http),
-            }),
-            model: request.model,
-          },
-          executor.execute,
-        ),
+      generate: (request) => request.model.route.generate(request, executor.execute),
    })
  }),
 )
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
 import {
  HttpOptions,
-  InvalidRequestError,
+  InvalidRequestReason,
  AIError,
  ModelID,
  ProviderID,
@@ -158,10 +158,9 @@ export function generate(input: ImageRequest | ImageRequestInput) {
    try: () => (input instanceof ImageRequest ? input : request(input)),
    catch: (error) =>
      new AIError({
-        reason: new InvalidRequestError({
-          message: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
-          cause: error,
-        }),
+        module: "Image",
+        method: "generate",
+        reason: new InvalidRequestReason({ message: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error) }),
      }),
  }).pipe(Effect.flatMap((request) => ImageClient.generate(request as unknown as ImageRequestFor<ImageOptions>)))
 }
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { LLMClient, Service } from "./route/client.js"
 import {
  GenerationOptions,
  HttpOptions,
-  InvalidProviderOutputError,
+  InvalidProviderOutputReason,
  AIError,
  LLMEvent,
  LLMRequest,
@@ -116,7 +116,9 @@ const runGenerateObject = Effect.fn("LLM.generateObject")(function* (
  )
  if (!call || !LLMEvent.is.toolCall(call))
    return yield* new AIError({
-      reason: new InvalidProviderOutputError({
+      module: "LLM",
+      method: "generateObject",
+      reason: new InvalidProviderOutputReason({
        message: `generateObject: model did not call the forced \`${GENERATE_OBJECT_TOOL_NAME}\` tool`,
      }),
    })
@@ -124,9 +126,10 @@ const runGenerateObject = Effect.fn("LLM.generateObject")(function* (
    Effect.mapError(
      (error) =>
        new AIError({
-          reason: new InvalidProviderOutputError({
+          module: "LLM",
+          method: "generateObject",
+          reason: new InvalidProviderOutputReason({
            message: `generateObject: tool input failed schema decode: ${error.message}`,
-            cause: error,
          }),
        }),
    ),
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Buffer } from "node:buffer"
-import { Effect, Option, Schema } from "effect"
+import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
 import { Tool } from "@opencode-ai/schema/tool"
 import { Route } from "../route/client.js"
 import { Auth } from "../route/auth.js"
@@ -69,22 +69,14 @@ export interface OptionsInput {
  // SDK Metadata:2649 {user_id?: string | null}
  readonly metadata?: { readonly user_id?: string | null }
  // SDK MessageCreateParamsContainer:2596 ContainerParams|string
-  readonly container?:
-    | string
-    | { readonly id?: string | null; readonly skills?: ReadonlyArray<Record<string, unknown>> | null }
+  readonly container?: string | { readonly id?: string | null; readonly skills?: ReadonlyArray<Record<string, unknown>> | null }
  readonly inference_geo?: string | null
  readonly inferenceGeo?: string | null
  readonly cache_control?: { readonly type: "ephemeral"; readonly ttl?: "5m" | "1h" }
  readonly cacheControl?: { readonly type: "ephemeral"; readonly ttl?: "5m" | "1h" }
  // SDK OutputConfig:2684 {effort, format: JSONOutputFormat}
-  readonly output_config?: {
-    readonly effort?: string | null
-    readonly format?: { readonly type: "json_schema"; readonly schema: Record<string, unknown> } | null
-  }
-  readonly outputConfig?: {
-    readonly effort?: string | null
-    readonly format?: { readonly type: "json_schema"; readonly schema: Record<string, unknown> } | null
-  }
+  readonly output_config?: { readonly effort?: string | null; readonly format?: { readonly type: "json_schema"; readonly schema: Record<string, unknown> } | null }
+  readonly outputConfig?: { readonly effort?: string | null; readonly format?: { readonly type: "json_schema"; readonly schema: Record<string, unknown> } | null }
 }

 export type ProviderOptionsInput = OptionsInput
@@ -267,11 +259,7 @@ const AnthropicToolChoice = Schema.Union([
    type: Schema.Literals(["auto", "any", "none"]),
    disable_parallel_tool_use: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
  }),
-  Schema.Struct({
-    type: Schema.tag("tool"),
-    name: Schema.String,
-    disable_parallel_tool_use: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
-  }),
+  Schema.Struct({ type: Schema.tag("tool"), name: Schema.String, disable_parallel_tool_use: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean) }),
 ])

 const AnthropicThinking = Schema.Union([
@@ -373,8 +361,6 @@ const AnthropicStreamBlock = Schema.Struct({
  tool_use_id: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
  content: Schema.optional(Schema.Unknown),
 })
-type AnthropicStreamBlock = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof AnthropicStreamBlock>
-const decodeAnthropicStreamBlock = Schema.decodeUnknownOption(AnthropicStreamBlock)

 const AnthropicStreamDelta = Schema.Struct({
  type: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
@@ -385,15 +371,13 @@ const AnthropicStreamDelta = Schema.Struct({
  stop_reason: optionalNull(Schema.String),
  stop_sequence: optionalNull(Schema.String),
 })
-type AnthropicStreamDelta = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof AnthropicStreamDelta>
-const decodeAnthropicStreamDelta = Schema.decodeUnknownOption(AnthropicStreamDelta)

 const AnthropicEvent = Schema.Struct({
  type: Schema.String,
  index: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
  message: Schema.optional(Schema.Struct({ usage: Schema.optional(AnthropicUsage) })),
-  content_block: Schema.optional(Schema.Unknown),
-  delta: Schema.optional(Schema.Unknown),
+  content_block: Schema.optional(AnthropicStreamBlock),
+  delta: Schema.optional(AnthropicStreamDelta),
  usage: Schema.optional(AnthropicUsage),
  // `type` and `message` are both required per Anthropic's spec, but
  // OpenAI-compatible proxies and gateway translations occasionally drop one
@@ -406,7 +390,6 @@ const AnthropicEvent = Schema.Struct({
 type AnthropicEvent = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof AnthropicEvent>

 interface ParserState {
-  readonly providerMetadataKey: string
  readonly tools: ToolStream.State<number>
  readonly reasoningSignatures: Readonly<Record<number, string>>
  readonly usage?: Usage
@@ -441,18 +424,18 @@ const cacheControl = (breakpoints: Cache.Breakpoints, cache: CacheHint | undefin
  return Cache.ttlBucket(cache.ttlSeconds) === "1h" ? EPHEMERAL_1H : EPHEMERAL_5M
 }

-const providerMetadata = (key: string, metadata: Record<string, unknown>): ProviderMetadata => ({ [key]: metadata })
+const anthropicMetadata = (metadata: Record<string, unknown>): ProviderMetadata => ({ anthropic: metadata })

-const signatureFromMetadata = (metadata: ProviderMetadata | undefined, key: string): string | undefined => {
-  const provider = metadata?.[key]
-  if (!ProviderShared.isRecord(provider)) return undefined
-  return typeof provider.signature === "string" ? provider.signature : undefined
+const signatureFromMetadata = (metadata: ProviderMetadata | undefined): string | undefined => {
+  const anthropic = metadata?.anthropic
+  if (!ProviderShared.isRecord(anthropic)) return undefined
+  return typeof anthropic.signature === "string" ? anthropic.signature : undefined
 }

-const redactedDataFromMetadata = (metadata: ProviderMetadata | undefined, key: string): string | undefined => {
-  const provider = metadata?.[key]
-  if (!ProviderShared.isRecord(provider)) return undefined
-  return typeof provider.redactedData === "string" ? provider.redactedData : undefined
+const redactedDataFromMetadata = (metadata: ProviderMetadata | undefined): string | undefined => {
+  const anthropic = metadata?.anthropic
+  if (!ProviderShared.isRecord(anthropic)) return undefined
+  return typeof anthropic.redactedData === "string" ? anthropic.redactedData : undefined
 }

 const lowerTool = (breakpoints: Cache.Breakpoints, tool: ToolDefinition, inputSchema: JsonSchema): AnthropicTool => ({
@@ -512,21 +495,14 @@ const serverToolResultType = (name: string): AnthropicServerToolResultType | und
  return undefined
 }

-const lowerServerToolResult = Effect.fn("AnthropicMessages.lowerServerToolResult")(function* (
-  part: ToolResultPart,
-  providerMetadataKey: string,
-) {
+const lowerServerToolResult = Effect.fn("AnthropicMessages.lowerServerToolResult")(function* (part: ToolResultPart) {
  const wireType = serverToolResultType(part.name)
  if (!wireType)
    return yield* invalid(`Anthropic Messages does not know how to round-trip server tool result for ${part.name}`)
  // Prefer the provider-owned replay payload; fall back to the result value for
  // histories constructed directly from provider events.
-  const payload = part.providerMetadata?.[providerMetadataKey]?.["result"] ?? part.result.value
-  return {
-    type: wireType,
-    tool_use_id: scrubToolCallID(part.id),
-    content: payload,
-  } satisfies AnthropicServerToolResultBlock
+  const payload = part.providerMetadata?.anthropic?.["result"] ?? part.result.value
+  return { type: wireType, tool_use_id: scrubToolCallID(part.id), content: payload } satisfies AnthropicServerToolResultBlock
 })

 const fileIdFromMetadata = (metadata: MediaPart["metadata"]): string | undefined => {
@@ -574,7 +550,9 @@ const documentContextFromMetadata = (metadata: MediaPart["metadata"]): string |
  return undefined
 }

-const citationsFromMetadata = (metadata: MediaPart["metadata"]): AnthropicDocumentBlock["citations"] | undefined => {
+const citationsFromMetadata = (
+  metadata: MediaPart["metadata"],
+): AnthropicDocumentBlock["citations"] | undefined => {
  if (!ProviderShared.isRecord(metadata)) return undefined
  const raw = ProviderShared.isRecord(metadata.anthropic)
    ? (metadata.anthropic.citations ?? metadata.citations)
@@ -724,7 +702,8 @@ const lowerToolResultContent = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (part: ToolResultPart
 })

 const requireThinkingSignature = (request: LLMRequest) => {
-  if (request.model.compatibility?.requireSignature !== undefined) return request.model.compatibility.requireSignature
+  if (request.model.compatibility?.requireSignature !== undefined)
+    return request.model.compatibility.requireSignature
  const provider = request.model.provider.toLowerCase()
  const model = request.model.id.toLowerCase()
  const baseURL = (request.model.route.endpoint.baseURL ?? "").toLowerCase()
@@ -761,12 +740,9 @@ const endsInServerToolUse = (message: LLMRequest["messages"][number]) => {
  return message.role === "assistant" && last?.type === "tool-call" && last.providerExecuted === true
 }

-const canUseNativeSystemUpdate = (request: LLMRequest, index: number) => {
-  const previous = request.messages[index - 1]
-  const next = request.messages[index + 1]
-  // Vertex currently rejects/404s for a system message after local tool results,
-  // so fold it into the user tool-result turn across continuations and history.
-  if (request.model.route.id === "google-vertex-messages" && previous?.role === "tool") return false
+const canUseNativeSystemUpdate = (messages: LLMRequest["messages"], index: number) => {
+  const previous = messages[index - 1]
+  const next = messages[index + 1]
  return (
    previous !== undefined &&
    previous.role !== "system" &&
@@ -808,13 +784,12 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("AnthropicMessages.lowerMessages")(function* (
  breakpoints: Cache.Breakpoints,
 ) {
  const messages: AnthropicMessage[] = []
-  const providerMetadataKey = request.model.route.providerMetadataKey ?? String(request.model.provider)

  for (const [index, message] of request.messages.entries()) {
    if (message.role === "system") {
      if (splitsLocalToolResults(request.messages, index))
        return yield* invalid("Anthropic Messages system updates cannot split a local tool call from its tool result")
-      if (supportsNativeSystemUpdates(request) && canUseNativeSystemUpdate(request, index)) {
+      if (supportsNativeSystemUpdates(request) && canUseNativeSystemUpdate(request.messages, index)) {
        messages.push(yield* lowerNativeSystemUpdate(message, breakpoints))
        continue
      }
@@ -854,8 +829,8 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("AnthropicMessages.lowerMessages")(function* (
        if (part.type === "reasoning") {
          // A signature marks visible thinking; only signature-less parts carrying
          // redactedData round-trip as opaque redacted_thinking blocks.
-          const signature = part.encrypted ?? signatureFromMetadata(part.providerMetadata, providerMetadataKey)
-          const redactedData = redactedDataFromMetadata(part.providerMetadata, providerMetadataKey)
+          const signature = part.encrypted ?? signatureFromMetadata(part.providerMetadata)
+          const redactedData = redactedDataFromMetadata(part.providerMetadata)
          if (signature === undefined && redactedData !== undefined) {
            content.push({ type: "redacted_thinking", data: redactedData })
            continue
@@ -884,7 +859,7 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("AnthropicMessages.lowerMessages")(function* (
          continue
        }
        if (part.type === "tool-result" && part.providerExecuted) {
-          content.push(yield* lowerServerToolResult(part, providerMetadataKey))
+          content.push(yield* lowerServerToolResult(part))
          continue
        }
        return yield* invalid(
@@ -918,24 +893,21 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("AnthropicMessages.lowerMessages")(function* (

 const resolveOptions = Effect.fn("AnthropicMessages.resolveOptions")(function* (request: LLMRequest) {
  const input = request.providerOptions as Record<string, unknown> | undefined
-  const rawServiceTier =
-    (input as Record<string, unknown> | undefined)?.service_tier ??
-    (input as Record<string, unknown> | undefined)?.serviceTier
+  const rawServiceTier = (input as Record<string, unknown> | undefined)?.service_tier ?? (input as Record<string, unknown> | undefined)?.serviceTier
  const service_tier =
    rawServiceTier === "auto" || rawServiceTier === "standard_only"
      ? (rawServiceTier as "auto" | "standard_only")
      : undefined
  const rawMetadata = (input as Record<string, unknown> | undefined)?.metadata
  const metadata =
-    ProviderShared.isRecord(rawMetadata) && (typeof rawMetadata.user_id === "string" || rawMetadata.user_id === null)
+    ProviderShared.isRecord(rawMetadata) &&
+    (typeof rawMetadata.user_id === "string" || rawMetadata.user_id === null)
      ? { user_id: rawMetadata.user_id as string | null }
      : undefined
  const container =
    typeof (input as Record<string, unknown> | undefined)?.container === "string" ||
    ProviderShared.isRecord((input as Record<string, unknown> | undefined)?.container)
-      ? ((input as Record<string, unknown>).container as
-          | string
-          | { id?: string | null; skills?: ReadonlyArray<Record<string, unknown>> | null })
+      ? ((input as Record<string, unknown>).container as string | { id?: string | null; skills?: ReadonlyArray<Record<string, unknown>> | null })
      : undefined
  const rawInferenceGeo =
    (input as Record<string, unknown> | undefined)?.inference_geo ??
@@ -986,7 +958,8 @@ const resolveThinking = Effect.fn("AnthropicMessages.resolveThinking")(function*
    input.display === "summarized" || input.display === "omitted"
      ? (input.display as "summarized" | "omitted")
      : undefined
-  if (input.type === "adaptive") return { type: "adaptive" as const, ...(display === undefined ? {} : { display }) }
+  if (input.type === "adaptive")
+    return { type: "adaptive" as const, ...(display === undefined ? {} : { display }) }
  if (input.type === "disabled") return { type: "disabled" as const }
  if (input.type !== "enabled") return undefined
  const budget =
@@ -1074,7 +1047,7 @@ const mapFinishReason = (reason: string | null | undefined): FinishReason => {
 // inclusive `inputTokens` the rest of the contract expects. Extended
 // thinking tokens are included in `output_tokens`; newer responses also
 // expose that subset through `output_tokens_details.thinking_tokens`.
-const mapUsage = (usage: AnthropicUsage | undefined, providerMetadataKey: string): Usage | undefined => {
+const mapUsage = (usage: AnthropicUsage | undefined): Usage | undefined => {
  if (!usage) return undefined
  const nonCached = usage.input_tokens ?? undefined
  const cacheRead = usage.cache_read_input_tokens ?? undefined
@@ -1088,7 +1061,7 @@ const mapUsage = (usage: AnthropicUsage | undefined, providerMetadataKey: string
    cacheWriteInputTokens: cacheWrite,
    reasoningTokens: usage.output_tokens_details?.thinking_tokens,
    totalTokens: ProviderShared.totalTokens(inputTokens, usage.output_tokens, undefined),
-    providerMetadata: { [providerMetadataKey]: usage },
+    providerMetadata: { anthropic: usage },
  })
 }

@@ -1097,7 +1070,7 @@ const mapUsage = (usage: AnthropicUsage | undefined, providerMetadataKey: string
 // field prefers `right` when defined, falls back to `left`. `inputTokens` is
 // recomputed from the merged breakdown so the inclusive total stays
 // consistent with `nonCached + cacheRead + cacheWrite`.
-const mergeUsage = (left: Usage | undefined, right: Usage | undefined, providerMetadataKey: string) => {
+const mergeUsage = (left: Usage | undefined, right: Usage | undefined) => {
  if (!left) return right
  if (!right) return left
  const nonCachedInputTokens = right.nonCachedInputTokens ?? left.nonCachedInputTokens
@@ -1115,9 +1088,7 @@ const mergeUsage = (left: Usage | undefined, right: Usage | undefined, providerM
    reasoningTokens,
    totalTokens: ProviderShared.totalTokens(inputTokens, outputTokens, undefined),
    providerMetadata: {
-      [providerMetadataKey]:
-        mergeJsonRecords(left.providerMetadata?.[providerMetadataKey], right.providerMetadata?.[providerMetadataKey]) ??
-        {},
+      anthropic: mergeJsonRecords(left.providerMetadata?.["anthropic"], right.providerMetadata?.["anthropic"]) ?? {},
    },
  })
 }
@@ -1135,7 +1106,7 @@ const SERVER_TOOL_RESULT_NAMES: Record<AnthropicServerToolResultType, string> =

 const isServerToolResultType = (type: string): type is AnthropicServerToolResultType => type in SERVER_TOOL_RESULT_NAMES

-const serverToolResultEvent = (block: AnthropicStreamBlock, providerMetadataKey: string): LLMEvent | undefined => {
+const serverToolResultEvent = (block: NonNullable<AnthropicEvent["content_block"]>): LLMEvent | undefined => {
  if (!block.type || !isServerToolResultType(block.type)) return undefined
  const errorPayload =
    typeof block.content === "object" && block.content !== null && "type" in block.content
@@ -1149,7 +1120,7 @@ const serverToolResultEvent = (block: AnthropicStreamBlock, providerMetadataKey:
    providerExecuted: true,
    // The complete payload is irreducible provider replay state: subsequent
    // stateless requests must round-trip the typed result block verbatim.
-    providerMetadata: providerMetadata(providerMetadataKey, { blockType: block.type, result: block.content }),
+    providerMetadata: anthropicMetadata({ blockType: block.type, result: block.content }),
  })
 }

@@ -1158,14 +1129,11 @@ type StepResult = readonly [ParserState, ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent>]
 const NO_EVENTS: StepResult["1"] = []

 const onMessageStart = (state: ParserState, event: AnthropicEvent): StepResult => {
-  const usage = mapUsage(event.message?.usage, state.providerMetadataKey)
-  return [usage ? { ...state, usage: mergeUsage(state.usage, usage, state.providerMetadataKey) } : state, NO_EVENTS]
+  const usage = mapUsage(event.message?.usage)
+  return [usage ? { ...state, usage: mergeUsage(state.usage, usage) } : state, NO_EVENTS]
 }

-const onContentBlockStart = (
-  state: ParserState,
-  event: AnthropicEvent & { readonly content_block: AnthropicStreamBlock },
-): StepResult => {
+const onContentBlockStart = (state: ParserState, event: AnthropicEvent): StepResult => {
  const block = event.content_block
  if (!block) return [state, NO_EVENTS]

@@ -1211,16 +1179,14 @@ const onContentBlockStart = (
  if (block.type === "thinking" && block.thinking !== undefined) {
    const events: LLMEvent[] = []
    const id = `reasoning-${event.index ?? 0}`
-    const metadata =
-      block.signature === undefined
-        ? undefined
-        : providerMetadata(state.providerMetadataKey, { signature: block.signature })
-    const lifecycle = Lifecycle.reasoningStart(state.lifecycle, events, id, metadata)
+    const providerMetadata =
+      block.signature === undefined ? undefined : anthropicMetadata({ signature: block.signature })
+    const lifecycle = Lifecycle.reasoningStart(state.lifecycle, events, id, providerMetadata)
    return [
      {
        ...state,
        lifecycle: block.thinking
-          ? Lifecycle.reasoningDelta(lifecycle, events, id, block.thinking, metadata)
+          ? Lifecycle.reasoningDelta(lifecycle, events, id, block.thinking, providerMetadata)
          : lifecycle,
        reasoningSignatures:
          event.index === undefined || block.signature === undefined
@@ -1243,14 +1209,14 @@ const onContentBlockStart = (
          state.lifecycle,
          events,
          `reasoning-${event.index ?? 0}`,
-          providerMetadata(state.providerMetadataKey, { redactedData: block.data }),
+          anthropicMetadata({ redactedData: block.data }),
        ),
      },
      events,
    ]
  }

-  const result = serverToolResultEvent(block, state.providerMetadataKey)
+  const result = serverToolResultEvent(block)
  if (!result) return [state, NO_EVENTS]
  const events: LLMEvent[] = []
  return [{ ...state, lifecycle: Lifecycle.stepStart(state.lifecycle, events) }, [...events, result]]
@@ -1258,12 +1224,11 @@ const onContentBlockStart = (

 const onContentBlockDelta = Effect.fn("AnthropicMessages.onContentBlockDelta")(function* (
  state: ParserState,
-  event: AnthropicEvent & { readonly delta: AnthropicStreamDelta },
+  event: AnthropicEvent,
 ) {
  const delta = event.delta

  if (delta?.type === "text_delta" && delta.text) {
-    if (!state.lifecycle.text.has(`text-${event.index ?? 0}`)) return [state, NO_EVENTS] satisfies StepResult
    const events: LLMEvent[] = []
    return [
      { ...state, lifecycle: Lifecycle.textDelta(state.lifecycle, events, `text-${event.index ?? 0}`, delta.text) },
@@ -1272,7 +1237,6 @@ const onContentBlockDelta = Effect.fn("AnthropicMessages.onContentBlockDelta")(f
  }

  if (delta?.type === "thinking_delta" && delta.thinking) {
-    if (!state.lifecycle.reasoning.has(`reasoning-${event.index ?? 0}`)) return [state, NO_EVENTS] satisfies StepResult
    const events: LLMEvent[] = []
    return [
      {
@@ -1285,7 +1249,6 @@ const onContentBlockDelta = Effect.fn("AnthropicMessages.onContentBlockDelta")(f

  if (delta?.type === "signature_delta" && delta.signature) {
    const index = event.index ?? 0
-    if (!state.lifecycle.reasoning.has(`reasoning-${index}`)) return [state, NO_EVENTS] satisfies StepResult
    return [
      {
        ...state,
@@ -1330,7 +1293,7 @@ const onContentBlockStop = Effect.fn("AnthropicMessages.onContentBlockStop")(fun
        Lifecycle.textEnd(state.lifecycle, events, `text-${event.index}`),
        events,
        `reasoning-${event.index}`,
-        signature === undefined ? undefined : providerMetadata(state.providerMetadataKey, { signature }),
+        signature === undefined ? undefined : anthropicMetadata({ signature }),
      )
  events.push(...resultEvents)
  const reasoningSignatures = { ...state.reasoningSignatures }
@@ -1338,11 +1301,8 @@ const onContentBlockStop = Effect.fn("AnthropicMessages.onContentBlockStop")(fun
  return [{ ...state, lifecycle, tools: result.tools, reasoningSignatures }, events] satisfies StepResult
 })

-const onMessageDelta = (
-  state: ParserState,
-  event: AnthropicEvent & { readonly delta?: AnthropicStreamDelta },
-): StepResult => {
-  const usage = mergeUsage(state.usage, mapUsage(event.usage, state.providerMetadataKey), state.providerMetadataKey)
+const onMessageDelta = (state: ParserState, event: AnthropicEvent): StepResult => {
+  const usage = mergeUsage(state.usage, mapUsage(event.usage))
  return [
    {
      ...state,
@@ -1355,7 +1315,7 @@ const onMessageDelta = (
        providerMetadata:
          event.delta?.stop_sequence === null || event.delta?.stop_sequence === undefined
            ? undefined
-            : providerMetadata(state.providerMetadataKey, { stopSequence: event.delta.stop_sequence }),
+            : anthropicMetadata({ stopSequence: event.delta.stop_sequence }),
      },
    },
    NO_EVENTS,
@@ -1387,80 +1347,32 @@ const providerErrorMessage = (event: AnthropicEvent): string => {
  return message || type || "Anthropic Messages stream error"
 }

-const onError = (event: AnthropicEvent) => {
-  const message = providerErrorMessage(event)
-  const body = ProviderShared.encodeJson(event)
-  return Effect.fail(
-    new AIError({
-      reason: classifyProviderFailure({ message, rawBody: body }),
-    }),
-  )
-}
-
-const isKnownStreamBlockType = (type: string) =>
-  type === "text" ||
-  type === "thinking" ||
-  type === "redacted_thinking" ||
-  type === "tool_use" ||
-  type === "server_tool_use" ||
-  isServerToolResultType(type)
-
-const isKnownStreamDeltaType = (type: string) =>
-  type === "text_delta" || type === "thinking_delta" || type === "signature_delta" || type === "input_json_delta"
-
-const invalidStreamEvent = (event: AnthropicEvent) =>
+const onError = (event: AnthropicEvent) =>
  Effect.fail(
-    ProviderShared.eventError(
-      ADAPTER,
-      "Invalid anthropic/anthropic-messages stream event",
-      ProviderShared.encodeJson(event),
-    ),
+    new AIError({
+      module: ADAPTER,
+      method: "stream",
+      reason: classifyProviderFailure({ message: providerErrorMessage(event), code: event.error?.type }),
+    }),
  )

 const step = (state: ParserState, event: AnthropicEvent) => {
-  if (!SSE_EVENTS.has(event.type)) return Effect.succeed<StepResult>([state, NO_EVENTS])
-  if (
-    event.type !== "content_block_start" &&
-    event.content_block !== undefined &&
-    Option.isNone(decodeAnthropicStreamBlock(event.content_block))
-  )
-    return invalidStreamEvent(event)
-  if (
-    event.type !== "content_block_delta" &&
-    event.delta !== undefined &&
-    Option.isNone(decodeAnthropicStreamDelta(event.delta))
-  )
-    return invalidStreamEvent(event)
  if (event.type === "message_start") return Effect.succeed(onMessageStart(state, event))
  if (event.type === "content_block_start") {
-    if (!ProviderShared.isRecord(event.content_block) || typeof event.content_block.type !== "string")
-      return invalidStreamEvent(event)
-    if (!isKnownStreamBlockType(event.content_block.type)) return Effect.succeed<StepResult>([state, NO_EVENTS])
-    const decoded = decodeAnthropicStreamBlock(event.content_block)
-    if (Option.isNone(decoded)) return invalidStreamEvent(event)
-    const block = decoded.value
-    if (block.type === "tool_use" || block.type === "server_tool_use") {
+    const block = event.content_block
+    if (block && (block.type === "tool_use" || block.type === "server_tool_use")) {
      if (event.index === undefined)
        return Effect.fail(ProviderShared.eventError(ADAPTER, `Anthropic ${block.type} missing index`))
      if (!block.id)
-        return Effect.fail(ProviderShared.eventError(ADAPTER, `Anthropic tool_use missing id at index ${event.index}`))
+        return Effect.fail(
+          ProviderShared.eventError(ADAPTER, `Anthropic tool_use missing id at index ${event.index}`),
+        )
    }
-    return Effect.succeed(onContentBlockStart(state, { ...event, content_block: block }))
-  }
-  if (event.type === "content_block_delta") {
-    if (!ProviderShared.isRecord(event.delta)) return invalidStreamEvent(event)
-    if (typeof event.delta.type === "string" && !isKnownStreamDeltaType(event.delta.type))
-      return Effect.succeed<StepResult>([state, NO_EVENTS])
-    const decoded = decodeAnthropicStreamDelta(event.delta)
-    if (Option.isNone(decoded)) return invalidStreamEvent(event)
-    return onContentBlockDelta(state, { ...event, delta: decoded.value })
+    return Effect.succeed(onContentBlockStart(state, event))
  }
+  if (event.type === "content_block_delta") return onContentBlockDelta(state, event)
  if (event.type === "content_block_stop") return onContentBlockStop(state, event)
-  if (event.type === "message_delta") {
-    const decoded = decodeAnthropicStreamDelta(event.delta)
-    if (Option.isNone(decoded)) return invalidStreamEvent(event)
-    return Effect.succeed(onMessageDelta(state, { ...event, delta: decoded.value }))
-  }
+  if (event.type === "message_delta") return Effect.succeed(onMessageDelta(state, event))
  if (event.type === "message_stop") return onMessageStop(state)
  if (event.type === "error") return onError(event)
  return Effect.succeed<StepResult>([state, NO_EVENTS])
@@ -1482,8 +1394,7 @@ export const protocol = Protocol.make({
  },
  stream: {
    event: Protocol.jsonEvent(AnthropicEvent),
-    initial: (request) => ({
-      providerMetadataKey: request.model.route.providerMetadataKey ?? String(request.model.provider),
+    initial: () => ({
      tools: ToolStream.empty<number>(),
      reasoningSignatures: {},
      lifecycle: Lifecycle.initial(),
@@ -1497,9 +1408,10 @@ export const route = Route.make({
  provider: "anthropic",
  providerMetadataKey: "anthropic",
  protocol,
-  endpoint: Endpoint.path((input) => (input.request.model.provider === "anthropic" ? `${PATH}?beta=true` : PATH), {
-    baseURL: DEFAULT_BASE_URL,
-  }),
+  endpoint: Endpoint.path(
+    (input) => (input.request.model.provider === "anthropic" ? `${PATH}?beta=true` : PATH),
+    { baseURL: DEFAULT_BASE_URL },
+  ),
  auth: Auth.none,
  framing,
  headers: () => ({ "anthropic-version": "2023-06-01" }),
@@ -212,7 +212,11 @@ const BedrockEvent = Schema.Struct({
      metrics: Schema.optional(Schema.Unknown),
    }),
  ),
-  exception: Schema.optional(Schema.Struct({ type: Schema.String, details: BedrockStreamException })),
+  internalServerException: Schema.optional(BedrockStreamException),
+  modelStreamErrorException: Schema.optional(BedrockStreamException),
+  validationException: Schema.optional(BedrockStreamException),
+  throttlingException: Schema.optional(BedrockStreamException),
+  serviceUnavailableException: Schema.optional(BedrockStreamException),
 })
 type BedrockEvent = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof BedrockEvent>

@@ -258,21 +262,19 @@ const lowerToolChoice = (toolChoice: NonNullable<LLMRequest["toolChoice"]>) =>
    tool: (name) => ({ tool: { name } }) as const,
  })

-const providerMetadata = (key: string, metadata: Record<string, unknown>): ProviderMetadata => ({ [key]: metadata })
+const bedrockMetadata = (metadata: Record<string, unknown>): ProviderMetadata => ({ bedrock: metadata })

-const reasoningSignature = (part: ReasoningPart, providerMetadataKey: string) => {
-  const metadata = part.providerMetadata?.[providerMetadataKey]
+const reasoningSignature = (part: ReasoningPart) => {
+  const bedrock = part.providerMetadata?.bedrock
  return (
    part.encrypted ??
-    (ProviderShared.isRecord(metadata) && typeof metadata.signature === "string" ? metadata.signature : undefined)
+    (ProviderShared.isRecord(bedrock) && typeof bedrock.signature === "string" ? bedrock.signature : undefined)
  )
 }

-const reasoningRedactedData = (part: ReasoningPart, providerMetadataKey: string) => {
-  const metadata = part.providerMetadata?.[providerMetadataKey]
-  return ProviderShared.isRecord(metadata) && typeof metadata.redactedData === "string"
-    ? metadata.redactedData
-    : undefined
+const reasoningRedactedData = (part: ReasoningPart) => {
+  const bedrock = part.providerMetadata?.bedrock
+  return ProviderShared.isRecord(bedrock) && typeof bedrock.redactedData === "string" ? bedrock.redactedData : undefined
 }

 const lowerToolCall = (part: ToolCallPart): BedrockToolUseBlock => ({
@@ -320,7 +322,6 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("BedrockConverse.lowerMessages")(function* (
  breakpoints: BedrockCache.Breakpoints,
 ) {
  const messages: BedrockMessage[] = []
-  const providerMetadataKey = request.model.route.providerMetadataKey ?? String(request.model.provider)

  for (const message of request.messages) {
    if (message.role === "system") {
@@ -368,18 +369,12 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("BedrockConverse.lowerMessages")(function* (
          continue
        }
        if (part.type === "reasoning") {
-          const signature = reasoningSignature(part, providerMetadataKey)
-          const redactedData = reasoningRedactedData(part, providerMetadataKey)
+          const signature = reasoningSignature(part)
+          const redactedData = reasoningRedactedData(part)
          if (signature === undefined && redactedData !== undefined) {
            content.push({ reasoningContent: { redactedContent: redactedData } })
            continue
          }
-          if (signature === undefined || signature.trim().length === 0) {
-            // Interrupted streams and model switches can leave unsigned reasoning.
-            // Preserve readable history as text rather than replay invalid reasoningContent.
-            if (part.text.trim().length > 0) content.push(...textWithCache(breakpoints, part.text, part.cache))
-            continue
-          }
          content.push({ reasoningContent: { reasoningText: { text: part.text, signature } } })
          continue
        }
@@ -388,7 +383,7 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("BedrockConverse.lowerMessages")(function* (
          continue
        }
      }
-      if (content.length > 0) messages.push({ role: "assistant", content })
+      messages.push({ role: "assistant", content })
      continue
    }

@@ -475,7 +470,7 @@ const mapFinishReason = (reason: string): FinishReason => {

 // AWS reports inputTokens separately from cache reads and writes.
 // Bedrock does not break reasoning out of outputTokens for current models.
-const mapUsage = (usage: BedrockUsageSchema | undefined, providerMetadataKey: string): Usage | undefined => {
+const mapUsage = (usage: BedrockUsageSchema | undefined): Usage | undefined => {
  if (!usage) return undefined
  const inputTokens = ProviderShared.sumTokens(
    usage.inputTokens,
@@ -489,14 +484,12 @@ const mapUsage = (usage: BedrockUsageSchema | undefined, providerMetadataKey: st
    cacheReadInputTokens: usage.cacheReadInputTokens,
    cacheWriteInputTokens: usage.cacheWriteInputTokens,
    totalTokens: ProviderShared.totalTokens(inputTokens, usage.outputTokens, usage.totalTokens),
-    providerMetadata: { [providerMetadataKey]: usage },
+    providerMetadata: { bedrock: usage },
  })
 }

 interface ParserState {
-  readonly providerMetadataKey: string
  readonly tools: ToolStream.State<number>
-  readonly finishedTools: ReadonlySet<number>
  // Bedrock splits the finish into `messageStop` (carries `stopReason`) and
  // `metadata` (carries usage). Hold the terminal event in state so `onHalt`
  // can emit exactly one finish after both chunks have had a chance to arrive.
@@ -552,14 +545,20 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: BedrockEvent) =>
      const reasoning = event.contentBlockDelta.delta.reasoningContent
      const events: LLMEvent[] = []
      const redactedData = reasoning.redactedContent ?? reasoning.data
-      const metadata = reasoning.signature
-        ? providerMetadata(state.providerMetadataKey, { signature: reasoning.signature })
+      const providerMetadata = reasoning.signature
+        ? bedrockMetadata({ signature: reasoning.signature })
        : redactedData !== undefined
-          ? providerMetadata(state.providerMetadataKey, { redactedData })
+          ? bedrockMetadata({ redactedData })
          : undefined
      const lifecycle =
-        reasoning.text !== undefined || metadata !== undefined
-          ? Lifecycle.reasoningDelta(state.lifecycle, events, `reasoning-${index}`, reasoning.text ?? "", metadata)
+        reasoning.text !== undefined || providerMetadata !== undefined
+          ? Lifecycle.reasoningDelta(
+              state.lifecycle,
+              events,
+              `reasoning-${index}`,
+              reasoning.text ?? "",
+              providerMetadata,
+            )
          : state.lifecycle
      return [
        {
@@ -575,7 +574,6 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: BedrockEvent) =>

    if (event.contentBlockDelta?.delta?.toolUse) {
      const index = event.contentBlockDelta.contentBlockIndex
-      if (state.finishedTools.has(index)) return [state, []] as const
      const result = ToolStream.appendExisting(
        ADAPTER,
        state.tools,
@@ -602,7 +600,7 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: BedrockEvent) =>
            events,
            `reasoning-${index}`,
            state.reasoningSignatures[index]
-              ? providerMetadata(state.providerMetadataKey, { signature: state.reasoningSignatures[index] })
+              ? bedrockMetadata({ signature: state.reasoningSignatures[index] })
              : undefined,
          )
      events.push(...resultEvents)
@@ -614,7 +612,6 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: BedrockEvent) =>
            state.hasToolCalls,
          lifecycle,
          tools: result.tools,
-          finishedTools: resultEvents.length > 0 ? new Set([...state.finishedTools, index]) : state.finishedTools,
          reasoningSignatures: Object.fromEntries(
            Object.entries(state.reasoningSignatures).filter(([key]) => key !== String(index)),
          ),
@@ -640,7 +637,7 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: BedrockEvent) =>
    }

    if (event.metadata) {
-      const usage = mapUsage(event.metadata.usage, state.providerMetadataKey) ?? state.pendingFinish?.usage
+      const usage = mapUsage(event.metadata.usage) ?? state.pendingFinish?.usage
      return [
        {
          ...state,
@@ -653,14 +650,22 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: BedrockEvent) =>
      ] as const
    }

-    if (event.exception) {
-      const message =
-        event.exception.details.message ?? event.exception.details.originalMessage ?? "Bedrock Converse stream error"
-      const body = ProviderShared.encodeJson(event)
+    const exception = (
+      [
+        ["internalServerException", event.internalServerException],
+        ["modelStreamErrorException", event.modelStreamErrorException],
+        ["serviceUnavailableException", event.serviceUnavailableException],
+        ["throttlingException", event.throttlingException],
+        ["validationException", event.validationException],
+      ] as const
+    ).find((entry) => entry[1] !== undefined)
+    if (exception) {
      return yield* new AIError({
+        module: ADAPTER,
+        method: "stream",
        reason: classifyProviderFailure({
-          message,
-          rawBody: body,
+          message: exception[1]?.message ?? exception[1]?.originalMessage ?? "Bedrock Converse stream error",
+          code: exception[0],
        }),
      })
    }
@@ -703,17 +708,15 @@ export const protocol = Protocol.make({
  },
  stream: {
    event: BedrockEvent,
-    initial: (request) => ({
-      providerMetadataKey: request.model.route.providerMetadataKey ?? String(request.model.provider),
+    initial: () => ({
      tools: ToolStream.empty<number>(),
-      finishedTools: new Set<number>(),
      pendingFinish: undefined,
      hasToolCalls: false,
      lifecycle: Lifecycle.initial(),
      reasoningSignatures: {},
    }),
    step,
-    onHalt: (state) => Effect.succeed(onHalt(state)),
+    onHalt,
  },
 })

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { EventStreamCodec } from "@smithy/eventstream-codec"
 import { fromUtf8, toUtf8 } from "@smithy/util-utf8"
-import { Effect, Encoding, Stream } from "effect"
-import { AIError, AIErrorReason } from "../schema/index.js"
+import { Effect, Stream } from "effect"
 import { Framing } from "../route/framing.js"
 import { ProviderShared } from "./shared.js"

@@ -50,14 +49,10 @@ const consumeFrames = (route: string) => (state: FrameBufferState, chunk: Uint8A
            `Failed to decode Bedrock Converse event-stream frame: ${
              error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)
            }`,
-            Encoding.encodeBase64(view.subarray(0, totalLength)),
-            error,
          ),
      })
      cursor = { buffer: cursor.buffer, offset: cursor.offset + totalLength }

-      const payload = utf8.decode(decoded.body)
-      const body = ProviderShared.encodeJson({ headers: decoded.headers, body: payload })
      const messageType = decoded.headers[":message-type"]?.value
      if (messageType === "error") {
        const code = decoded.headers[":error-code"]?.value
@@ -66,7 +61,6 @@ const consumeFrames = (route: string) => (state: FrameBufferState, chunk: Uint8A
          route,
          [code, message].filter((value): value is string => typeof value === "string").join(": ") ||
            "Bedrock Converse event-stream error",
-          body,
        )
      }
      const eventType =
@@ -76,6 +70,7 @@ const consumeFrames = (route: string) => (state: FrameBufferState, chunk: Uint8A
            ? decoded.headers[":exception-type"]?.value
            : undefined
      if (typeof eventType !== "string") continue
+      const payload = utf8.decode(decoded.body)
      if (!payload) continue
      // The AWS event stream pads short payloads with a `p` field. Drop it
      // before handing the object to the chunk schema. JSON decode goes
@@ -85,21 +80,9 @@ const consumeFrames = (route: string) => (state: FrameBufferState, chunk: Uint8A
        route,
        payload,
        "Failed to parse Bedrock Converse event-stream payload",
-      ).pipe(
-        Effect.mapError(
-          (error) =>
-            new AIError({
-              reason: AIErrorReason.make({ ...error.reason, message: error.message, cause: error.reason.cause, body }),
-            }),
-        ),
      )) as Record<string, unknown>
      delete parsed.p
-      out.push({
-        ...(messageType === "exception"
-          ? { exception: { type: eventType, details: parsed } }
-          : { [eventType]: parsed }),
-        rawBody: body,
-      })
+      out.push({ [eventType]: parsed })
    }
    return [cursor, out] as const
  })
@@ -112,7 +95,6 @@ const consumeFrames = (route: string) => (state: FrameBufferState, chunk: Uint8A
 */
 export const framing = (route: string): Framing.Definition<object> => ({
  id: "aws-event-stream",
-  body: (frame) => ("rawBody" in frame && typeof frame.rawBody === "string" ? frame.rawBody : undefined),
  frame: (bytes) => bytes.pipe(Stream.mapAccumEffect(() => initialFrameBuffer, consumeFrames(route))),
 })

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import { Endpoint } from "../route/endpoint.js"
 import { Framing } from "../route/framing.js"
 import { Protocol } from "../route/protocol.js"
 import {
-  AIError,
  LLMEvent,
  Usage,
  type FinishReason,
@@ -18,7 +17,6 @@ import {
  type ToolCallPart,
  type ToolDefinition,
 } from "../schema/index.js"
-import { classifyProviderFailure } from "../provider-error.js"
 import { JsonObject, optionalArray, optionalNull, ProviderShared } from "./shared.js"
 import { GeminiToolSchema } from "./utils/gemini-tool-schema.js"
 import { Lifecycle } from "./utils/lifecycle.js"
@@ -223,7 +221,6 @@ const GeminiPromptFeedback = Schema.StructWithRest(
 type GeminiPromptFeedback = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof GeminiPromptFeedback>

 const GeminiEvent = Schema.Struct({
-  error: Schema.optional(Schema.Unknown),
  candidates: optionalNull(Schema.Array(GeminiCandidate)),
  promptFeedback: optionalNull(GeminiPromptFeedback),
  usageMetadata: optionalNull(GeminiUsage),
@@ -232,7 +229,6 @@ type GeminiEvent = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof GeminiEvent>

 interface ParserState {
  readonly route: string
-  readonly providerMetadataKey: string
  readonly finishReason?: string
  readonly hasToolCalls: boolean
  readonly promptFeedback?: GeminiPromptFeedback
@@ -289,23 +285,22 @@ const lowerUserPart = Effect.fn("Gemini.lowerUserPart")(function* (part: TextPar
  return { inlineData: { mimeType: media.mime, data: media.base64 } }
 })

-const providerMetadata = (key: string, metadata: Record<string, unknown>): ProviderMetadata => ({ [key]: metadata })
+const googleMetadata = (metadata: Record<string, unknown>): ProviderMetadata => ({ google: metadata })

-const thoughtSignature = (metadata: ProviderMetadata | undefined, key: string) => {
-  const value = metadata?.[key]
-  return ProviderShared.isRecord(value) && typeof value.thoughtSignature === "string"
-    ? value.thoughtSignature
+const thoughtSignature = (providerMetadata: ProviderMetadata | undefined) => {
+  const google = providerMetadata?.google
+  return ProviderShared.isRecord(google) && typeof google.thoughtSignature === "string"
+    ? google.thoughtSignature
    : undefined
 }

-const lowerToolCall = (part: ToolCallPart, omitIds: boolean, metadataKey: string) => ({
+const lowerToolCall = (part: ToolCallPart, omitIds: boolean) => ({
  functionCall: { ...(omitIds ? {} : { id: part.id }), name: part.name, args: part.input },
-  thoughtSignature: thoughtSignature(part.providerMetadata, metadataKey),
+  thoughtSignature: thoughtSignature(part.providerMetadata),
 })

 const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("Gemini.lowerMessages")(function* (request: LLMRequest) {
  const contents: GeminiContent[] = []
-  const metadataKey = request.model.route.providerMetadataKey ?? String(request.model.provider)
  const omitCallIds = omitsFunctionCallIds(request.model.id)
  const legacyToolMedia = routesLegacyToolMedia(request.model.id)
  let pendingMedia: GeminiInlineDataPart[] | undefined
@@ -347,19 +342,15 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("Gemini.lowerMessages")(function* (request: LLMR
        if (!ProviderShared.supportsContent(part, ["text", "reasoning", "tool-call"]))
          return yield* ProviderShared.unsupportedContent("Gemini", "assistant", ["text", "reasoning", "tool-call"])
        if (part.type === "text") {
-          parts.push({ text: part.text, thoughtSignature: thoughtSignature(part.providerMetadata, metadataKey) })
+          parts.push({ text: part.text, thoughtSignature: thoughtSignature(part.providerMetadata) })
          continue
        }
        if (part.type === "reasoning") {
-          parts.push({
-            text: part.text,
-            thought: true,
-            thoughtSignature: thoughtSignature(part.providerMetadata, metadataKey),
-          })
+          parts.push({ text: part.text, thought: true, thoughtSignature: thoughtSignature(part.providerMetadata) })
          continue
        }
        if (part.type === "tool-call") {
-          const lowered = lowerToolCall(part, omitCallIds, metadataKey)
+          const lowered = lowerToolCall(part, omitCallIds)
          const signature = lowered.thoughtSignature
          parts.push({
            ...lowered,
@@ -507,7 +498,7 @@ const fromRequest = Effect.fn("Gemini.fromRequest")(function* (request: LLMReque
 // `cachedContentTokenCount` subset. `candidatesTokenCount` is *exclusive*
 // of `thoughtsTokenCount` — visible-only, not a total — so we sum the two
 // to produce the inclusive `outputTokens` the rest of the contract expects.
-const mapUsage = (usage: GeminiUsage | undefined, metadataKey: string) => {
+const mapUsage = (usage: GeminiUsage | undefined) => {
  if (!usage) return undefined
  // Explicit provider nulls decode as `null`; normalize to `undefined` so the
  // token arithmetic below treats them like absent counts.
@@ -528,7 +519,7 @@ const mapUsage = (usage: GeminiUsage | undefined, metadataKey: string) => {
    cacheReadInputTokens: cached,
    reasoningTokens: thoughts,
    totalTokens: ProviderShared.totalTokens(promptTokens, outputTokens, usage.totalTokenCount ?? undefined),
-    providerMetadata: providerMetadata(metadataKey, usage),
+    providerMetadata: { google: usage },
  })
 }

@@ -576,15 +567,10 @@ const finish = (state: ParserState): ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent> => {
      lifecycle,
      events,
      "reasoning-0",
-      providerMetadata(state.providerMetadataKey, { thoughtSignature: state.reasoningSignature }),
+      googleMetadata({ thoughtSignature: state.reasoningSignature }),
    )
  if (state.textSignature !== undefined)
-    lifecycle = Lifecycle.textEnd(
-      lifecycle,
-      events,
-      "text-0",
-      providerMetadata(state.providerMetadataKey, { thoughtSignature: state.textSignature }),
-    )
+    lifecycle = Lifecycle.textEnd(lifecycle, events, "text-0", googleMetadata({ thoughtSignature: state.textSignature }))
  Lifecycle.finish(lifecycle, events, {
    reason: {
      normalized:
@@ -593,32 +579,16 @@ const finish = (state: ParserState): ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent> => {
    },
    usage: state.usage,
    providerMetadata:
-      state.promptFeedback === undefined
-        ? undefined
-        : providerMetadata(state.providerMetadataKey, { promptFeedback: state.promptFeedback }),
+      state.promptFeedback === undefined ? undefined : googleMetadata({ promptFeedback: state.promptFeedback }),
  })
  return events
 }

 const step = (state: ParserState, event: GeminiEvent) => {
-  if (ProviderShared.isRecord(event.error) && typeof event.error.message === "string") {
-    const body = ProviderShared.encodeJson(event)
-    return Effect.fail(
-      new AIError({
-        reason: classifyProviderFailure({
-          message: event.error.message,
-          status: typeof event.error.code === "number" ? event.error.code : undefined,
-          rawBody: body,
-        }),
-      }),
-    )
-  }
  const nextState = {
    ...state,
    promptFeedback: event.promptFeedback ?? state.promptFeedback,
-    usage: event.usageMetadata
-      ? (mapUsage(event.usageMetadata, state.providerMetadataKey) ?? state.usage)
-      : state.usage,
+    usage: event.usageMetadata ? (mapUsage(event.usageMetadata) ?? state.usage) : state.usage,
  }
  const candidate = event.candidates?.[0]
  if (!candidate?.content)
@@ -662,7 +632,7 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: GeminiEvent) => {
          events,
          "reasoning-0",
          part.text,
-          signature ? providerMetadata(state.providerMetadataKey, { thoughtSignature: signature }) : undefined,
+          signature ? googleMetadata({ thoughtSignature: signature }) : undefined,
        )
        continue
      }
@@ -670,16 +640,14 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: GeminiEvent) => {
        lifecycle,
        events,
        "reasoning-0",
-        reasoningSignature
-          ? providerMetadata(state.providerMetadataKey, { thoughtSignature: reasoningSignature })
-          : undefined,
+        reasoningSignature ? googleMetadata({ thoughtSignature: reasoningSignature }) : undefined,
      )
      lifecycle = Lifecycle.textDelta(
        lifecycle,
        events,
        "text-0",
        part.text,
-        textSignature ? providerMetadata(state.providerMetadataKey, { thoughtSignature: textSignature }) : undefined,
+        textSignature ? googleMetadata({ thoughtSignature: textSignature }) : undefined,
      )
      textSignature = undefined
      continue
@@ -699,9 +667,7 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: GeminiEvent) => {
        lifecycle,
        events,
        "reasoning-0",
-        reasoningSignature
-          ? providerMetadata(state.providerMetadataKey, { thoughtSignature: reasoningSignature })
-          : undefined,
+        reasoningSignature ? googleMetadata({ thoughtSignature: reasoningSignature }) : undefined,
      )
      lifecycle = Lifecycle.stepStart(lifecycle, events)
      events.push(
@@ -709,9 +675,8 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: GeminiEvent) => {
          id,
          name: part.functionCall.name,
          input,
-          providerMetadata: part.thoughtSignature
-            ? providerMetadata(state.providerMetadataKey, { thoughtSignature: part.thoughtSignature })
-            : undefined,
+          providerMetadata:
+            part.thoughtSignature ? googleMetadata({ thoughtSignature: part.thoughtSignature }) : undefined,
        }),
      )
      hasToolCalls = true
@@ -749,12 +714,11 @@ export const protocol = Protocol.make({
    event: Protocol.jsonEvent(GeminiEvent),
    initial: (request) => ({
      route: `${request.model.provider}/${request.model.route.id}`,
-      providerMetadataKey: request.model.route.providerMetadataKey ?? String(request.model.provider),
      hasToolCalls: false,
      lifecycle: Lifecycle.initial(),
    }),
    step,
-    onHalt: (state) => Effect.succeed(finish(state)),
+    onHalt: finish,
  },
 })

@@ -9,7 +9,15 @@ import {
  type ImageRoute,
 } from "../image.js"
 import { Auth, type Definition as AuthDefinition } from "../route/auth.js"
-import { AIError, Usage, mergeHttpOptions, mergeJsonRecords, type HttpOptions } from "../schema/index.js"
+import {
+  InvalidProviderOutputReason,
+  AIError,
+  Usage,
+  mergeHttpOptions,
+  mergeJsonRecords,
+  type HttpOptions,
+  type ProviderMetadata,
+} from "../schema/index.js"
 import { ProviderShared } from "./shared.js"
 import { ImageInputs } from "./utils/image-input.js"

@@ -116,6 +124,13 @@ const nativeOptions = (options: GoogleImageOptions | undefined) => {
  )
 }

+const invalidOutput = (message: string, providerMetadata?: ProviderMetadata) =>
+  new AIError({
+    module: ADAPTER,
+    method: "generate",
+    reason: new InvalidProviderOutputReason({ message, route: ADAPTER, providerMetadata }),
+  })
+
 const applyQuery = (url: string, query: Record<string, string> | undefined) => {
  if (!query) return url
  const next = new URL(url)
@@ -154,9 +169,11 @@ export const model = (input: ModelInput) => {
          HttpClientRequest.bodyText(text, "application/json"),
        ),
      )
-      const output = yield* ProviderShared.imageResponse(ADAPTER, "Google Images", response)
-      const decoded = yield* Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(Schema.fromJsonString(GoogleImageResponse))(output.body).pipe(
-        Effect.mapError((cause) => output.invalid("Google Images returned an invalid response", cause)),
+      const payload = yield* response.json.pipe(
+        Effect.mapError(() => invalidOutput("Failed to read the Google Images response")),
+      )
+      const decoded = yield* Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(GoogleImageResponse)(payload).pipe(
+        Effect.mapError(() => invalidOutput("Google Images returned an invalid response")),
      )
      const candidates = decoded.candidates ?? []
      const candidateMetadata = candidates.map((candidate, candidateIndex) => ({
@@ -191,10 +208,9 @@ export const model = (input: ModelInput) => {
      )
      const images = yield* Effect.forEach(encoded, (item) =>
        Effect.fromResult(Encoding.decodeBase64(item.inlineData.data)).pipe(
-          Effect.mapError((cause) =>
-            output.invalid(
+          Effect.mapError(() =>
+            invalidOutput(
              `Google Images candidate ${item.candidateIndex} part ${item.partIndex} contains invalid base64 data`,
-              cause,
            ),
          ),
          Effect.map(
@@ -221,10 +237,16 @@ export const model = (input: ModelInput) => {
        const finishReasons = candidates.flatMap((candidate) =>
          candidate.finishReason === undefined ? [] : [candidate.finishReason],
        )
-        return yield* output.invalid(
+        return yield* invalidOutput(
          `Google Images returned no final images${
            finishReasons.length === 0 ? "" : ` (finish reasons: ${finishReasons.join(", ")})`
-          }; inspect body for prompt feedback and candidate details`,
+          }; inspect reason.providerMetadata.google for prompt feedback and candidate details`,
+          {
+            google: {
+              promptFeedback: decoded.promptFeedback,
+              candidates: candidateMetadata,
+            },
+          },
        )
      }
      const usage = decoded.usageMetadata
@@ -268,11 +290,12 @@ const googleImagePart = (image: ImageInput): Effect.Effect<Record<string, unknow
    return Effect.succeed({ inlineData: { mimeType: image.mediaType, data: Encoding.encodeBase64(image.data) } })
  if (image.type === "file-uri") return Effect.succeed({ fileData: { mimeType: image.mediaType, fileUri: image.uri } })
  if (image.type === "url")
-    return ImageInputs.decodeDataUrl(image.url).pipe(
+    return ImageInputs.decodeDataUrl(image.url, ADAPTER).pipe(
      Effect.flatMap((decoded) => {
        if (decoded === undefined)
          return Effect.fail(
            ImageInputs.invalid(
+              ADAPTER,
              "Google generateContent does not fetch public image URLs; use bytes, a data URL, or a Gemini file URI",
            ),
          )
@@ -282,7 +305,7 @@ const googleImagePart = (image: ImageInput): Effect.Effect<Record<string, unknow
      }),
    )
  return Effect.fail(
-    ImageInputs.invalid("Google generateContent requires Gemini file URIs rather than provider file IDs"),
+    ImageInputs.invalid(ADAPTER, "Google generateContent requires Gemini file URIs rather than provider file IDs"),
  )
 }

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { Effect, Schema, Stream } from "effect"
 import { Headers } from "effect/unstable/http"
 import { Framing } from "../route/framing.js"
-import type { HttpContext } from "../schema/index.js"
 import {
  HttpTransport,
  WebSocketTransport,
@@ -61,8 +60,8 @@ const driver = (options: Options, body: string): WebSocketChannelDriver => {
    observe: (_create, frame) =>
      Effect.gen(function* () {
        const event = yield* decodeEvent(frame).pipe(
-          Effect.mapError((cause) =>
-            ProviderShared.eventError(options.id, `Invalid ${options.name} WebSocket event`, frame, cause),
+          Effect.mapError(() =>
+            ProviderShared.eventError(options.id, `Invalid ${options.name} WebSocket event`, frame),
          ),
        )
        if (terminal)
@@ -74,13 +73,13 @@ const driver = (options: Options, body: string): WebSocketChannelDriver => {
        if (event.type === "error") {
          terminal = true
          yield* OpenResponses.decodeKnownErrorEvent(event).pipe(
-            Effect.mapError((cause) =>
-              ProviderShared.eventError(options.id, `${options.name} returned a malformed error event`, frame, cause),
+            Effect.mapError(() =>
+              ProviderShared.eventError(options.id, `${options.name} returned a malformed error event`, frame),
            ),
          )
          return {
            type: "provider-failure",
-            error: OpenResponses.providerFailure(event, `${options.name} stream error`, frame),
+            error: OpenResponses.providerFailure(options.id, event, `${options.name} stream error`),
          }
        }
        if (event.type === "response.failed") {
@@ -93,7 +92,7 @@ const driver = (options: Options, body: string): WebSocketChannelDriver => {
            )
          return {
            type: "provider-failure",
-            error: OpenResponses.providerFailure(event, `${options.name} response failed`, frame),
+            error: OpenResponses.providerFailure(options.id, event, `${options.name} response failed`),
          }
        }
        if (event.type === "response.created") {
@@ -176,37 +175,23 @@ export const transport = <Body>(options: Options): Transport<Body, Prepared, str
          channel,
        }
      }),
-    execute: (prepared, request, runtime, executeOptions) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        if (!executeOptions?.webSocket || !prepared.channel) return yield* http.execute(prepared.http, request, runtime)
-        let fallbackHttp: HttpContext | undefined
-        const exchange: WebSocketChannelExchange = {
-          id: request.id ?? "request",
-          connect: {
-            url: prepared.channel.url,
-            headers: prepared.channel.headers,
-            rotateAfterMs: prepared.channel.rotateAfterMs,
-          },
-          fallback: () =>
-            Stream.unwrap(
-              http.execute(prepared.http, request, runtime).pipe(
-                Effect.map((execution) => {
-                  fallbackHttp = execution.http
-                  return execution.frames
-                }),
-              ),
-            ),
-          driver: prepared.channel.driver,
-        }
-        const execution = yield* executeOptions.webSocket.execute(exchange)
-        return {
-          frames: execution.frames,
-          complete: execution.complete,
-          get http() {
-            return fallbackHttp ?? execution.http
-          },
-        }
-      }),
+    execute: (prepared, request, runtime, executeOptions) => {
+      if (!executeOptions?.webSocket || !prepared.channel) return http.execute(prepared.http, request, runtime)
+      const exchange: WebSocketChannelExchange = {
+        id: request.id ?? "request",
+        connect: {
+          url: prepared.channel.url,
+          headers: prepared.channel.headers,
+          rotateAfterMs: prepared.channel.rotateAfterMs,
+        },
+        fallback: () =>
+          Stream.unwrap(
+            http.execute(prepared.http, request, runtime).pipe(Effect.map((execution) => execution.frames)),
+          ),
+        driver: prepared.channel.driver,
+      }
+      return executeOptions.webSocket.execute(exchange)
+    },
  }
 }

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { AIError, TransportError } from "../schema/index.js"
+import { AIError, TransportReason } from "../schema/index.js"
 import type { ChannelCheckpoint, ChannelObservation, WebSocketChannelDriver } from "../route/transport/index.js"
 import { Effect, Option, Schema } from "effect"
 import * as ProviderShared from "./shared.js"
@@ -99,17 +99,17 @@ const incremental = (
 const code = (event: OpenResponses.Event) => event.code || event.error?.code || event.response?.error?.code || undefined

 const rejected = (
+  input: DriverInput,
  observation: Extract<ChannelObservation, { readonly type: "provider-failure" }>,
  recovery: "retry-full" | "rotate-and-retry-full",
 ): ChannelObservation => ({
  type: "rejected",
  recovery,
  error: new AIError({
-    reason: new TransportError({
+    module: input.id,
+    method: "stream",
+    reason: new TransportReason({
      message: observation.error.message,
-      body: observation.error.reason.body,
-      http: observation.error.reason.http,
-      cause: observation.error.reason.cause,
      transport: "websocket",
      operation: "read",
      phase: "receive",
@@ -137,16 +137,15 @@ export const driver = (input: DriverInput): WebSocketChannelDriver => {
    observe: (create, frame) =>
      Effect.gen(function* () {
        const event = yield* decodeEvent(frame).pipe(
-          Effect.mapError((cause) =>
-            ProviderShared.eventError(input.id, `Invalid ${input.name} WebSocket event`, frame, cause),
-          ),
+          Effect.mapError(() => ProviderShared.eventError(input.id, `Invalid ${input.name} WebSocket event`, frame)),
        )
        const observation = yield* input.base.observe(create, frame)
        if (event.type === "response.output_item.done" && event.item) output.push(event.item)
        if (observation.type === "provider-failure") {
          const rejection = code(event)
-          if (rejection === "previous_response_not_found") return rejected(observation, "retry-full")
-          if (rejection === "websocket_connection_limit_reached") return rejected(observation, "rotate-and-retry-full")
+          if (rejection === "previous_response_not_found") return rejected(input, observation, "retry-full")
+          if (rejection === "websocket_connection_limit_reached")
+            return rejected(input, observation, "rotate-and-retry-full")
        }
        if (observation.type !== "completed") return observation
        const responseID = event.response?.id
@@ -155,12 +154,7 @@ export const driver = (input: DriverInput): WebSocketChannelDriver => {
          ...observation,
          checkpoint: {
            protocol: PROTOCOL,
-            value: {
-              version: VERSION,
-              responseID,
-              request,
-              output: event.response?.output ? [...event.response.output] : output.slice(),
-            } satisfies CheckpointValue,
+            value: { version: VERSION, responseID, request, output: output.slice() } satisfies CheckpointValue,
          },
        }
      }),
@@ -3,16 +3,11 @@ import { Tool } from "@opencode-ai/schema/tool"
 import { Route } from "../route/client.js"
 import { Auth } from "../route/auth.js"
 import { Endpoint } from "../route/endpoint.js"
-import { Framing } from "../route/framing.js"
 import { HttpTransport } from "../route/transport/index.js"
 import { Protocol } from "../route/protocol.js"
 import {
  AIError,
-  AIErrorReason,
-  InvalidProviderOutputError,
  LLMEvent,
-  ProviderInternalError,
-  UnknownProviderError,
  Usage,
  type FinishReason,
  type FinishReasonDetails,
@@ -229,25 +224,17 @@ const OpenAIChatChoice = Schema.StructWithRest(
  [Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)],
 )

-const OpenAIChatError = Schema.StructWithRest(
-  Schema.Struct({
-    code: optionalNull(Schema.Union([Schema.String, Schema.Number])),
-    message: Schema.String,
-  }),
-  [Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)],
-)
+const OpenAIChatError = Schema.Struct({
+  code: optionalNull(Schema.Union([Schema.String, Schema.Number])),
+  message: Schema.String,
+})

-export const OpenAIChatEvent = Schema.StructWithRest(
-  Schema.Struct({
-    choices: optionalNull(Schema.Array(OpenAIChatChoice)),
-    usage: optionalNull(OpenAIChatUsage),
-    error: optionalNull(OpenAIChatError),
-  }),
-  [Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)],
-)
+export const OpenAIChatEvent = Schema.Struct({
+  choices: optionalNull(Schema.Array(OpenAIChatChoice)),
+  usage: optionalNull(OpenAIChatUsage),
+  error: optionalNull(OpenAIChatError),
+})
 export type OpenAIChatEvent = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof OpenAIChatEvent>
-const DONE = "[DONE]" as const
-const OpenAIChatStreamEvent = Schema.Union([Schema.Literal(DONE), Protocol.jsonEvent(OpenAIChatEvent)])
 type OpenAIChatRequestMessage = LLMRequest["messages"][number]

 interface PendingToolDelta {
@@ -257,7 +244,6 @@ interface PendingToolDelta {
 }

 export interface ParserState {
-  readonly providerMetadataKey: string
  readonly tools: ToolStream.State<number>
  readonly pendingTools: Partial<Record<number, PendingToolDelta>>
  readonly toolCallEvents: ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent>
@@ -270,7 +256,6 @@ export interface ParserState {
  readonly reasoningEmitted: boolean
  readonly latestToolIndex?: number
  readonly nextToolIndex: number
-  readonly requireFinishReason: boolean
 }

 // =============================================================================
@@ -283,7 +268,6 @@ interface LoweringOptions {
  readonly cacheControl?: (
    cache: CacheHint | undefined,
  ) => Schema.Schema.Type<typeof OpenAIChatCacheControl> | undefined
-  readonly toolCallID?: (id: string) => string
 }

 const lowerTool = (
@@ -310,8 +294,8 @@ const lowerToolChoice = (toolChoice: NonNullable<LLMRequest["toolChoice"]>) =>
    tool: (name) => ({ type: "function" as const, function: { name } }),
  })

-const lowerToolCall = (part: ToolCallPart, options: LoweringOptions): OpenAIChatAssistantToolCall => ({
-  id: options.toolCallID?.(part.id) ?? part.id,
+const lowerToolCall = (part: ToolCallPart): OpenAIChatAssistantToolCall => ({
+  id: part.id,
  type: "function",
  function: {
    name: part.name,
@@ -329,18 +313,17 @@ const lowerMedia = Effect.fn("OpenAIChat.lowerMedia")(function* (part: MediaPart
 const openAICompatibleReasoningContent = (native: unknown) =>
  isRecord(native) && typeof native.reasoning_content === "string" ? native.reasoning_content : undefined

-const reasoningField = (part: ReasoningPart, providerMetadataKey: string) => {
-  const field = part.providerMetadata?.[providerMetadataKey]?.reasoningField
+const reasoningField = (part: ReasoningPart) => {
+  const field = part.providerMetadata?.openai?.reasoningField
  return typeof field === "string" ? field : undefined
 }

-const reasoningDetails = (parts: ReadonlyArray<ReasoningPart>, native: unknown, providerMetadataKey: string) => {
+const reasoningDetails = (parts: ReadonlyArray<ReasoningPart>, native: unknown) => {
  const observed = parts.flatMap((part) => {
-    const details = part.providerMetadata?.[providerMetadataKey]?.reasoningDetails
+    const details = part.providerMetadata?.openai?.reasoningDetails
    return Array.isArray(details) ? details : []
  })
-  if (parts.some((part) => Array.isArray(part.providerMetadata?.[providerMetadataKey]?.reasoningDetails)))
-    return observed
+  if (parts.some((part) => Array.isArray(part.providerMetadata?.openai?.reasoningDetails))) return observed
  if (isRecord(native) && Array.isArray(native.reasoning_details)) return native.reasoning_details
 }

@@ -370,9 +353,8 @@ const lowerUserMessage = Effect.fn("OpenAIChat.lowerUserMessage")(function* (

 const lowerAssistantMessage = Effect.fn("OpenAIChat.lowerAssistantMessage")(function* (
  message: OpenAIChatRequestMessage,
-  configuredField: string | undefined,
-  requireReasoning: boolean,
-  options: LoweringOptions & { readonly providerMetadataKey: string },
+  configuredField?: string,
+  options: LoweringOptions = {},
 ) {
  const content: TextPart[] = []
  const reasoning: ReasoningPart[] = []
@@ -389,31 +371,25 @@ const lowerAssistantMessage = Effect.fn("OpenAIChat.lowerAssistantMessage")(func
      continue
    }
    if (part.type === "tool-call") {
-      toolCalls.push(lowerToolCall(part, options))
+      toolCalls.push(lowerToolCall(part))
      continue
    }
  }
  const text = reasoning.map((part) => part.text).join("")
-  const details = reasoningDetails(reasoning, message.native?.openaiCompatible, options.providerMetadataKey)
-  const observedField = reasoning
-    .map((part) => reasoningField(part, options.providerMetadataKey))
-    .find((value) => value !== undefined)
+  const details = reasoningDetails(reasoning, message.native?.openaiCompatible)
+  const observedField = reasoning.map(reasoningField).find((value) => value !== undefined)
  const nativeReasoning = openAICompatibleReasoningContent(message.native?.openaiCompatible)
-  const fullyStructured = reasoning.every((part) =>
-    Array.isArray(part.providerMetadata?.[options.providerMetadataKey]?.reasoningDetails),
-  )
+  const fullyStructured = reasoning.every((part) => Array.isArray(part.providerMetadata?.openai?.reasoningDetails))
  const field = (() => {
-    if (configuredField !== undefined && (requireReasoning || reasoning.length > 0 || nativeReasoning !== undefined))
-      return configuredField
-    if (reasoning.length === 0) return requireReasoning ? "reasoning_content" : undefined
+    if (configuredField !== undefined) return configuredField
+    if (reasoning.length === 0) return undefined
    if (observedField !== undefined) return observedField
    if (nativeReasoning !== undefined) return "reasoning_content"
-    if (!fullyStructured || requireReasoning) return "reasoning_content"
+    if (!fullyStructured) return "reasoning_content"
  })()
  const reasoningText = (() => {
-    if (configuredField !== undefined)
-      return reasoning.length === 0 ? (nativeReasoning ?? (requireReasoning ? "" : undefined)) : text
-    if (reasoning.length === 0) return nativeReasoning ?? (requireReasoning ? "" : undefined)
+    if (configuredField !== undefined) return reasoning.length === 0 ? (nativeReasoning ?? "") : text
+    if (reasoning.length === 0) return nativeReasoning
    return text
  })()
  const cached = message.content.findLast((part) => "cache" in part && part.cache !== undefined)
@@ -441,7 +417,7 @@ const lowerToolMessages = Effect.fn("OpenAIChat.lowerToolMessages")(function* (
    if (part.result.type !== "content") {
      messages.push({
        role: "tool",
-        tool_call_id: options.toolCallID?.(part.id) ?? part.id,
+        tool_call_id: part.id,
        content: ProviderShared.toolResultText(part),
        cache_control: options.cacheControl?.(part.cache),
      })
@@ -451,7 +427,7 @@ const lowerToolMessages = Effect.fn("OpenAIChat.lowerToolMessages")(function* (
    const text = content.filter((item) => item.type === "text").map((item) => item.text)
    messages.push({
      role: "tool",
-      tool_call_id: options.toolCallID?.(part.id) ?? part.id,
+      tool_call_id: part.id,
      content: text.join("\n"),
      cache_control: options.cacheControl?.(part.cache),
    })
@@ -467,13 +443,11 @@ const lowerToolMessages = Effect.fn("OpenAIChat.lowerToolMessages")(function* (

 const lowerMessage = Effect.fn("OpenAIChat.lowerMessage")(function* (
  message: OpenAIChatRequestMessage,
-  reasoningField: string | undefined,
-  requireReasoning: boolean,
-  options: LoweringOptions & { readonly providerMetadataKey: string },
+  reasoningField?: string,
+  options: LoweringOptions = {},
 ) {
  if (message.role === "user") return [yield* lowerUserMessage(message, options)]
-  if (message.role === "assistant")
-    return [yield* lowerAssistantMessage(message, reasoningField, requireReasoning, options)]
+  if (message.role === "assistant") return [yield* lowerAssistantMessage(message, reasoningField, options)]
  return (yield* lowerToolMessages(message, options)).messages
 })

@@ -494,43 +468,12 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("OpenAIChat.lowerMessages")(function* (request:
          ]
        : [{ role: "system", content: ProviderShared.joinText(request.system) }]
  const messages = [...system]
-  const modelID = request.model.id.toLowerCase()
-  const requireReasoning =
-    request.model.compatibility?.requireReasoning ??
-    (request.model.compatibility?.reasoningField !== undefined ||
-      request.model.provider === "deepseek" ||
-      request.model.route.endpoint.baseURL?.toLowerCase().includes("deepseek.com") ||
-      modelID.includes("deepseek"))
-  const reasoningField = request.model.compatibility?.reasoningField
-  const mistral = ["mistral", "devstral", "codestral", "pixtral", "mixtral"].some((family) => modelID.includes(family))
-  const lowering = {
-    ...options,
-    providerMetadataKey: request.model.route.providerMetadataKey ?? String(request.model.provider),
-    toolCallID: (id: string) => {
-      if (mistral)
-        return id
-          .replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/g, "")
-          .slice(0, 9)
-          .padEnd(9, "0")
-      if (modelID.includes("claude")) return id.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_-]/g, "_")
-      if (request.model.provider === "openai" || request.model.provider === "azure" || modelID.startsWith("openai/"))
-        return id.slice(0, 40)
-      return id
-    },
-  }
-  const requireAssistantAfterTool = request.model.compatibility?.requireAssistantAfterTool ?? mistral
-  const bridgeTools = () => {
-    if (requireAssistantAfterTool && messages.at(-1)?.role === "tool")
-      messages.push({ role: "assistant", content: "Done." })
-  }
  const pendingImages: Array<Schema.Schema.Type<typeof OpenAIChatUserContent>> = []
  const flushImages = () => {
    if (pendingImages.length === 0) return
-    bridgeTools()
    messages.push({ role: "user", content: pendingImages.splice(0) })
  }
  for (const message of request.messages) {
-    if (message.role === "user") bridgeTools()
    if (message.role === "system") {
      const part = yield* ProviderShared.wrappedSystemUpdate("OpenAI Chat", message)
      if (pendingImages.length > 0) {
@@ -573,19 +516,14 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("OpenAIChat.lowerMessages")(function* (request:
        )
      continue
    }
-    if (
-      message.role === "assistant" &&
-      message.content.every((part) => part.type === "text" && part.text.trim() === "")
-    )
-      continue
    if (message.role === "tool") {
-      const lowered = yield* lowerToolMessages(message, lowering)
+      const lowered = yield* lowerToolMessages(message, options)
      messages.push(...lowered.messages)
      pendingImages.push(...lowered.images)
      continue
    }
    flushImages()
-    messages.push(...(yield* lowerMessage(message, reasoningField, requireReasoning, lowering)))
+    messages.push(...(yield* lowerMessage(message, request.model.compatibility?.reasoningField, options)))
  }
  flushImages()
  return messages
@@ -607,10 +545,7 @@ const hasToolHistory = (messages: ReadonlyArray<LLMRequest["messages"][number]>)
 // models.dev provider naming: DeepSeek, Moonshot AI, Together AI, ZAI
 // (Zhipu + Coding Plan variants), Nvidia, Cerebras, Chutes, etc. still
 // require `max_tokens`.
-const detectMaxTokensField = (
-  provider: string,
-  baseURL: string | undefined,
-): "max_tokens" | "max_completion_tokens" => {
+const detectMaxTokensField = (provider: string, baseURL: string | undefined): "max_tokens" | "max_completion_tokens" => {
  const p = provider.toLowerCase()
  const url = (baseURL ?? "").toLowerCase()
  if (
@@ -660,8 +595,7 @@ const detectSupportsStore = (provider: string, baseURL: string | undefined): boo
  const isChutes = p === "chutes" || url.includes("chutes.ai")
  const isCloudflareWorkersAI = p === "cloudflare-workers-ai" || url.includes("api.cloudflare.com")
  const isCloudflareAiGateway = p === "cloudflare-ai-gateway" || url.includes("gateway.ai.cloudflare.com")
-  const isVercelAiGateway =
-    p === "vercel-ai-gateway" || url.includes("ai-gateway.vercel.sh") || url.includes("vercel.sh")
+  const isVercelAiGateway = p === "vercel-ai-gateway" || url.includes("ai-gateway.vercel.sh") || url.includes("vercel.sh")
  const isAntLing = p === "ant-ling" || url.includes("api.ant-ling.com")
  const isOpencode = p === "opencode" || url.includes("opencode.ai")
  const isNonStandard =
@@ -693,7 +627,11 @@ const detectSupportsStrictMode = (provider: string, baseURL: string | undefined)
  return !isMoonshot && !isTogether && !isCloudflareAiGateway && !isNvidia
 }

-const detectZaiToolStream = (provider: string, baseURL: string | undefined, modelID: string): boolean => {
+const detectZaiToolStream = (
+  provider: string,
+  baseURL: string | undefined,
+  modelID: string,
+): boolean => {
  const p = provider.toLowerCase()
  const url = (baseURL ?? "").toLowerCase()
  const isZai =
@@ -711,7 +649,7 @@ const detectZaiToolStream = (provider: string, baseURL: string | undefined, mode

 const lowerOptions = (request: LLMRequest, supportsStore: boolean) => {
  const options = OpenAIOptions.resolve(request)
-  const cacheKey = ProviderShared.promptCacheKey(request)
+  const cacheKey = ProviderShared.clampPromptCacheKey(request.promptCacheKey)
  return {
    ...(supportsStore && options.store !== undefined ? { store: options.store } : {}),
    // For providers that support `store`, ensure stateless `store:false` is sent
@@ -743,10 +681,10 @@ export const fromRequest = Effect.fn("OpenAIChat.fromRequest")(function* (
  const supportsStore = request.model.compatibility?.supportsStore ?? detectSupportsStore(provider, baseURL)
  const supportsUsageInStreaming =
    request.model.compatibility?.supportsUsageInStreaming ?? detectSupportsUsageInStreaming()
-  const supportsStrictMode =
-    request.model.compatibility?.supportsStrictMode ?? detectSupportsStrictMode(provider, baseURL)
+  const supportsStrictMode = request.model.compatibility?.supportsStrictMode ?? detectSupportsStrictMode(provider, baseURL)
  const zaiToolStream =
-    request.model.compatibility?.zaiToolStream ?? detectZaiToolStream(provider, baseURL, request.model.id)
+    request.model.compatibility?.zaiToolStream ??
+    detectZaiToolStream(provider, baseURL, request.model.id)
  const hasHistory = hasToolHistory(request.messages)
  const hasActiveTools = request.tools.length > 0
  return {
@@ -788,36 +726,14 @@ export const fromRequest = Effect.fn("OpenAIChat.fromRequest")(function* (
 // Streaming parsers are small state machines: every event returns a new state
 // plus the common `LLMEvent`s produced by that event. Tool calls are accumulated
 // because OpenAI streams JSON arguments across multiple deltas.
-const mapFinishReason = Effect.fn("OpenAIChat.mapFinishReason")(function* (event: OpenAIChatEvent, reason: string) {
-  switch (reason) {
-    case "error":
-      return yield* new AIError({
-        reason: new UnknownProviderError({
-          message: "Provider reported an error (finish_reason: error)",
-          body: ProviderShared.encodeJson(event),
-        }),
-      })
-    case "network_error":
-      return yield* new AIError({
-        reason: new ProviderInternalError({
-          message: "Provider reported a network error (finish_reason: network_error)",
-          body: ProviderShared.encodeJson(event),
-        }),
-      })
-    case "stop":
-    case "end":
-      return "stop" as const
-    case "length":
-      return "length" as const
-    case "content_filter":
-      return "content-filter" as const
-    case "function_call":
-    case "tool_calls":
-      return "tool-calls" as const
-    default:
-      return "unknown" as const
-  }
-})
+const mapFinishReason = (reason: string | null | undefined): FinishReason => {
+  if (reason === "stop") return "stop"
+  if (reason === "length") return "length"
+  if (reason === "content_filter") return "content-filter"
+  if (reason === "function_call" || reason === "tool_calls") return "tool-calls"
+  if (reason === "error") return "error"
+  return "unknown"
+}

 // OpenAI Chat reports `prompt_tokens` (inclusive total) with a
 // cached-read and cache-write subsets, and `completion_tokens` (inclusive
@@ -827,14 +743,15 @@ const mapFinishReason = Effect.fn("OpenAIChat.mapFinishReason")(function* (event
 // Providers differ on cache-hit location: OpenAI uses
 // `prompt_tokens_details.cached_tokens`, DeepSeek uses
 // `prompt_cache_hit_tokens`, and Zai uses top-level `cached_tokens`.
-const mapUsage = (usage: OpenAIChatEvent["usage"], providerMetadataKey: string): Usage | undefined => {
+const mapUsage = (usage: OpenAIChatEvent["usage"]): Usage | undefined => {
  if (!usage) return undefined
  const input = usage.prompt_tokens ?? undefined
  const output = usage.completion_tokens ?? undefined
-  const cached = (usage.prompt_tokens_details?.cached_tokens ??
-    (usage as { prompt_cache_hit_tokens?: number | null }).prompt_cache_hit_tokens ??
-    (usage as { cached_tokens?: number | null }).cached_tokens ??
-    undefined) as number | undefined
+  const cached =
+    (usage.prompt_tokens_details?.cached_tokens ??
+      (usage as { prompt_cache_hit_tokens?: number | null }).prompt_cache_hit_tokens ??
+      (usage as { cached_tokens?: number | null }).cached_tokens ??
+      undefined) as number | undefined
  const cacheWrite = usage.prompt_tokens_details?.cache_write_tokens ?? undefined
  const reasoning = usage.completion_tokens_details?.reasoning_tokens ?? undefined
  const nonCached = ProviderShared.subtractTokens(input, ProviderShared.sumTokens(cached, cacheWrite))
@@ -846,7 +763,7 @@ const mapUsage = (usage: OpenAIChatEvent["usage"], providerMetadataKey: string):
    cacheWriteInputTokens: cacheWrite,
    reasoningTokens: reasoning,
    totalTokens: ProviderShared.totalTokens(input, output, usage.total_tokens ?? undefined),
-    providerMetadata: { [providerMetadataKey]: usage },
+    providerMetadata: { openai: usage },
  })
 }

@@ -920,12 +837,8 @@ const conflictingReasoningTextDetails = (previous: Record<string, unknown>, curr
 const conflictingDetailValue = (previous: unknown, current: unknown) =>
  previous !== undefined && previous !== null && current !== undefined && current !== null && previous !== current

-const reasoningMetadata = (
-  providerMetadataKey: string,
-  field: ParserState["reasoningField"],
-  details?: ReadonlyArray<unknown>,
-) => ({
-  [providerMetadataKey]: {
+const reasoningMetadata = (field: ParserState["reasoningField"], details?: ReadonlyArray<unknown>) => ({
+  openai: {
    ...(field ? { reasoningField: field } : {}),
    ...(details ? { reasoningDetails: details } : {}),
  },
@@ -933,32 +846,27 @@ const reasoningMetadata = (

 const step = (state: ParserState, event: OpenAIChatEvent) =>
  Effect.gen(function* () {
-    if (event.error) {
-      const body = ProviderShared.encodeJson(event)
+    if (event.error)
      return yield* new AIError({
+        module: ADAPTER,
+        method: "stream",
        reason: classifyProviderFailure({
          message: event.error.message,
+          code: event.error.code === undefined || event.error.code === null ? undefined : String(event.error.code),
          status: typeof event.error.code === "number" ? event.error.code : undefined,
-          rawBody: body,
        }),
      })
-    }
    const events: LLMEvent[] = []
    const choice = event.choices?.[0]
    // Moonshot (and a few other OpenAI-compatible providers) attach usage to
    // `choice.usage` instead of the top-level `usage` field.
    const choiceUsage = (choice as unknown as { usage?: OpenAIChatEvent["usage"] })?.usage
-    const usage =
-      mapUsage(event.usage, state.providerMetadataKey) ??
-      (choiceUsage ? mapUsage(choiceUsage, state.providerMetadataKey) : undefined) ??
-      state.usage
+    const usage = mapUsage(event.usage) ?? (choiceUsage ? mapUsage(choiceUsage) : undefined) ?? state.usage
    const rawFinishReason = choice?.finish_reason
-    const finishReason = rawFinishReason
-      ? {
-          normalized: yield* mapFinishReason(event, rawFinishReason),
-          raw: choice?.native_finish_reason ?? rawFinishReason,
-        }
-      : state.finishReason
+    const finishReason =
+      rawFinishReason !== undefined && rawFinishReason !== null
+        ? { normalized: mapFinishReason(rawFinishReason), raw: choice?.native_finish_reason ?? rawFinishReason }
+        : state.finishReason
    const delta = choice?.delta
    const toolDeltas = delta?.tool_calls ?? []
    let tools = state.tools
@@ -977,11 +885,7 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: OpenAIChatEvent) =>
      toolDeltas.some((tool) => Boolean(tool.id) || Boolean(tool.function?.name) || Boolean(tool.function?.arguments))
    if (state.finishReason !== undefined) {
      if (hasLateContent)
-        return yield* ProviderShared.eventError(
-          ADAPTER,
-          "OpenAI Chat received content after the finish reason",
-          ProviderShared.encodeJson(event),
-        )
+        return yield* ProviderShared.eventError(ADAPTER, "OpenAI Chat received content after the finish reason")
      return [{ ...state, usage }, events] as const
    }

@@ -989,7 +893,7 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: OpenAIChatEvent) =>
    const detailDelta = Array.isArray(delta?.reasoning_details) ? delta.reasoning_details : undefined
    if (detailDelta !== undefined) appendReasoningDetails(state.reasoningDetails, detailDelta)
    const reasoningDetailsObserved = state.reasoningDetailsObserved || detailDelta !== undefined
-    const deltaMetadata = reasoningMetadata(state.providerMetadataKey, reasoningField)
+    const deltaMetadata = reasoningMetadata(reasoningField)
    const text = detailDelta?.length ? (detailText(detailDelta) ?? reasoning?.text) : reasoning?.text
    if (text !== undefined) lifecycle = Lifecycle.reasoningDelta(lifecycle, events, "reasoning-0", text, deltaMetadata)
    else if (
@@ -1000,12 +904,25 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: OpenAIChatEvent) =>
      lifecycle = Lifecycle.reasoningStart(lifecycle, events, "reasoning-0", deltaMetadata)
    const reasoningEmitted = state.reasoningEmitted || lifecycle.reasoning.has("reasoning-0")

-    // Reasoning is one response-wide channel: it stays open alongside text and
-    // refusal output so late reasoning deltas and details join the same block,
-    // and `finishEvents` closes it once with the complete metadata.
-    if (delta?.content) lifecycle = Lifecycle.textDelta(lifecycle, events, "text-0", delta.content)
+    if (delta?.content) {
+      lifecycle = Lifecycle.reasoningEnd(
+        lifecycle,
+        events,
+        "reasoning-0",
+        reasoningMetadata(reasoningField, reasoningDetailsObserved ? state.reasoningDetails : undefined),
+      )
+      lifecycle = Lifecycle.textDelta(lifecycle, events, "text-0", delta.content)
+    }

-    if (delta?.refusal) lifecycle = Lifecycle.textDelta(lifecycle, events, "text-0", delta.refusal)
+    if (delta?.refusal) {
+      lifecycle = Lifecycle.reasoningEnd(
+        lifecycle,
+        events,
+        "reasoning-0",
+        reasoningMetadata(reasoningField, reasoningDetailsObserved ? state.reasoningDetails : undefined),
+      )
+      lifecycle = Lifecycle.textDelta(lifecycle, events, "text-0", delta.refusal)
+    }

    // Compatible providers may omit indexes. Prefer durable identity, then use
    // batch position for parallel deltas or the latest call for sparse chunks.
@@ -1040,26 +957,14 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: OpenAIChatEvent) =>
        { id: id || undefined, name: name || undefined, text },
        "OpenAI Chat tool call delta is missing id or name",
      )
-      if (ToolStream.isError(result))
-        return yield* new AIError({
-          reason: AIErrorReason.make({
-            ...result.reason,
-            message: result.message,
-            cause: result.reason.cause,
-            body: ProviderShared.encodeJson(event),
-          }),
-        })
+      if (ToolStream.isError(result)) return yield* result
      tools = result.tools
      if (result.events.length) lifecycle = Lifecycle.stepStart(lifecycle, events)
      events.push(...result.events)
    }

    if (finishReason !== undefined && state.finishReason === undefined && Object.keys(pendingTools).length > 0)
-      return yield* ProviderShared.eventError(
-        ADAPTER,
-        "OpenAI Chat tool call delta is missing id or name",
-        ProviderShared.encodeJson(event),
-      )
+      return yield* ProviderShared.eventError(ADAPTER, "OpenAI Chat tool call delta is missing id or name")

    // Finalize accumulated tool inputs eagerly when finish_reason arrives so
    // valid calls and malformed local calls settle independently.
@@ -1070,7 +975,6 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: OpenAIChatEvent) =>

    return [
      {
-        providerMetadataKey: state.providerMetadataKey,
        tools: finished?.tools ?? tools,
        pendingTools,
        toolCallEvents: finished?.events ?? state.toolCallEvents,
@@ -1083,25 +987,16 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: OpenAIChatEvent) =>
        reasoningEmitted,
        latestToolIndex,
        nextToolIndex,
-        requireFinishReason: state.requireFinishReason,
      },
      events,
    ] as const
  })

-const finishEvents = Effect.fn("OpenAIChat.finishEvents")(function* (state: ParserState) {
-  if (state.finishReason === undefined && state.requireFinishReason)
-    return yield* new AIError({
-      reason: new InvalidProviderOutputError({
-        message: "OpenAI Chat stream ended without finish_reason",
-        classification: "incomplete-stream",
-        route: ADAPTER,
-      }),
-    })
+const finishEvents = (state: ParserState): ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent> => {
  const events: LLMEvent[] = []
  const toolCallEvents =
    state.finishReason === undefined && Object.keys(state.tools).length > 0
-      ? (yield* ToolStream.finishAll(ADAPTER, state.tools)).events
+      ? Effect.runSync(ToolStream.finishAll(ADAPTER, state.tools)).events
      : state.toolCallEvents
  const hasToolCalls = toolCallEvents.length > 0
  const reason = state.finishReason
@@ -1110,29 +1005,21 @@ const finishEvents = Effect.fn("OpenAIChat.finishEvents")(function* (state: Pars
        normalized:
          state.finishReason.normalized === "stop" && hasToolCalls ? "tool-calls" : state.finishReason.normalized,
      }
-    : { normalized: hasToolCalls ? ("tool-calls" as const) : ("stop" as const) }
-  // Snapshot details at publish time so the emitted event never observes later
-  // mutation of the accumulated `reasoningDetails` array.
+    : { normalized: hasToolCalls ? ("tool-calls" as const) : ("unknown" as const) }
  const metadata = reasoningMetadata(
-    state.providerMetadataKey,
    state.reasoningField,
-    state.reasoningDetailsObserved ? [...state.reasoningDetails] : undefined,
+    state.reasoningDetailsObserved ? state.reasoningDetails : undefined,
  )
  const started =
    state.reasoningDetailsObserved && !state.reasoningEmitted
-      ? Lifecycle.reasoningStart(
-          state.lifecycle,
-          events,
-          "reasoning-0",
-          reasoningMetadata(state.providerMetadataKey, state.reasoningField),
-        )
+      ? Lifecycle.reasoningStart(state.lifecycle, events, "reasoning-0", reasoningMetadata(state.reasoningField))
      : state.lifecycle
  const ended = Lifecycle.reasoningEnd(started, events, "reasoning-0", metadata)
  const lifecycle = toolCallEvents.length ? Lifecycle.stepStart(ended, events) : ended
  events.push(...toolCallEvents)
  Lifecycle.finish(lifecycle, events, { reason, usage: state.usage })
  return events
-})
+}

 // =============================================================================
 // Protocol And OpenAI Route
@@ -1150,9 +1037,8 @@ export const protocol = Protocol.make({
    from: fromRequest,
  },
  stream: {
-    event: OpenAIChatStreamEvent,
+    event: Protocol.jsonEvent(OpenAIChatEvent),
    initial: (request) => ({
-      providerMetadataKey: request.model.route.providerMetadataKey ?? String(request.model.provider),
      tools: ToolStream.empty<number>(),
      pendingTools: {},
      toolCallEvents: [],
@@ -1162,16 +1048,13 @@ export const protocol = Protocol.make({
      reasoningDetailsObserved: false,
      reasoningEmitted: false,
      nextToolIndex: 0,
-      requireFinishReason: request.model.compatibility?.requireFinishReason ?? true,
    }),
-    step: (state: ParserState, event) => (event === DONE ? Effect.succeed([state, []] as const) : step(state, event)),
-    terminal: (event) => event === DONE,
+    step,
    onHalt: finishEvents,
  },
 })

-export const framing = Framing.sseWithDone
-export const httpTransport = HttpTransport.sseJson.with<OpenAIChatBody>().with({ framing })
+export const httpTransport = HttpTransport.sseJson.with<OpenAIChatBody>()

 export const route = Route.make({
  id: ADAPTER,
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { Route, type RouteRoutedLanguageModelInput } from "../route/client.js"
 import { Endpoint } from "../route/endpoint.js"
+import { Framing } from "../route/framing.js"
 import * as OpenAIChat from "./openai-chat.js"

 const ADAPTER = "openai-compatible-chat"
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ export const route = Route.make({
  providerMetadataKey: "openai",
  protocol: OpenAIChat.protocol,
  endpoint: Endpoint.path("/chat/completions"),
-  framing: OpenAIChat.framing,
+  framing: Framing.sse,
 })

 export * as OpenAICompatibleChat from "./openai-compatible-chat.js"
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ export const route = Route.make({
  protocol: OpenResponses.protocol,
  endpoint: Endpoint.path(OpenResponses.PATH),
  transport: OpenResponses.httpTransport,
-  defaults: { providerOptions: { store: false, include: ["reasoning.encrypted_content"] } },
 })

 export * as OpenAICompatibleResponses from "./openai-compatible-responses.js"
@@ -9,7 +9,14 @@ import {
  type ImageRoute,
 } from "../image.js"
 import { Auth, type Definition as AuthDefinition } from "../route/auth.js"
-import { Usage, mergeHttpOptions, mergeJsonRecords, type HttpOptions } from "../schema/index.js"
+import {
+  InvalidProviderOutputReason,
+  AIError,
+  Usage,
+  mergeHttpOptions,
+  mergeJsonRecords,
+  type HttpOptions,
+} from "../schema/index.js"
 import { ProviderShared } from "./shared.js"
 import { ImageInputs } from "./utils/image-input.js"
 import { OpenAIImage } from "./utils/openai-image.js"
@@ -77,6 +84,13 @@ const nativeOptions = (options: OpenAIImageOptions | undefined) => {
  }
 }

+const invalidOutput = (message: string) =>
+  new AIError({
+    module: ADAPTER,
+    method: "generate",
+    reason: new InvalidProviderOutputReason({ message, route: ADAPTER }),
+  })
+
 const applyQuery = (url: string, query: Record<string, string> | undefined) => {
  if (!query) return url
  const next = new URL(url)
@@ -90,12 +104,12 @@ export const model = (input: ModelInput) => {
    generate: Effect.fn("OpenAIImages.generate")(function* (request: ImageRequestFor<OpenAIImageOptions>, execute) {
      const mask = request.options?.mask
      if (mask !== undefined && (request.images?.length ?? 0) === 0)
-        return yield* ImageInputs.invalid("An OpenAI image mask requires at least one input image")
+        return yield* ImageInputs.invalid(ADAPTER, "An OpenAI image mask requires at least one input image")
      const http = mergeHttpOptions(request.model.http, request.http)
      const sourceImages = request.images ?? []
      const multipartImages = yield* Effect.forEach(sourceImages, (image) => {
        if (image.type === "bytes") return Effect.succeed({ data: image.data, mediaType: image.mediaType })
-        if (image.type === "url") return ImageInputs.decodeDataUrl(image.url)
+        if (image.type === "url") return ImageInputs.decodeDataUrl(image.url, ADAPTER)
        return Effect.undefined
      })
      const multipartMask =
@@ -104,7 +118,7 @@ export const model = (input: ModelInput) => {
          : mask.type === "bytes"
            ? { data: mask.data, mediaType: mask.mediaType }
            : mask.type === "url"
-              ? yield* ImageInputs.decodeDataUrl(mask.url)
+              ? yield* ImageInputs.decodeDataUrl(mask.url, ADAPTER)
              : undefined
      const useMultipart =
        sourceImages.length > 0 &&
@@ -147,7 +161,7 @@ export const model = (input: ModelInput) => {
        return undefined
      })
      if (references.some((image) => image === undefined))
-        return yield* ImageInputs.invalid("OpenAI Images accepts image URLs, data URLs, bytes, and file IDs")
+        return yield* ImageInputs.invalid(ADAPTER, "OpenAI Images accepts image URLs, data URLs, bytes, and file IDs")
      const maskReference =
        mask === undefined
          ? undefined
@@ -159,7 +173,7 @@ export const model = (input: ModelInput) => {
                ? { file_id: mask.id }
                : undefined
      if (mask !== undefined && maskReference === undefined)
-        return yield* ImageInputs.invalid("OpenAI Images accepts masks as URLs, data URLs, bytes, or file IDs")
+        return yield* ImageInputs.invalid(ADAPTER, "OpenAI Images accepts masks as URLs, data URLs, bytes, or file IDs")
      const requestBody = mergeJsonRecords(
        {
          model: request.model.id,
@@ -195,9 +209,11 @@ const parseResponse = Effect.fn("OpenAIImages.parseResponse")(function* (
  options: OpenAIImageOptions | undefined,
  overlay: Record<string, unknown> | undefined,
 ) {
-  const output = yield* ProviderShared.imageResponse(ADAPTER, "OpenAI Images", response)
-  const decoded = yield* Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(Schema.fromJsonString(OpenAIImageResponse))(output.body).pipe(
-    Effect.mapError((cause) => output.invalid("OpenAI Images returned an invalid response", cause)),
+  const payload = yield* response.json.pipe(
+    Effect.mapError(() => invalidOutput("Failed to read the OpenAI Images response")),
+  )
+  const decoded = yield* Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(OpenAIImageResponse)(payload).pipe(
+    Effect.mapError(() => invalidOutput("OpenAI Images returned an invalid response")),
  )
  const requestBody = mergeJsonRecords(nativeOptions(options), overlay)
  const format =
@@ -205,7 +221,7 @@ const parseResponse = Effect.fn("OpenAIImages.parseResponse")(function* (
  const images = yield* Effect.forEach(decoded.data, (item, index) => {
    if (item.b64_json)
      return Effect.fromResult(Encoding.decodeBase64(item.b64_json)).pipe(
-        Effect.mapError((cause) => output.invalid(`OpenAI Images result ${index} contains invalid base64 data`, cause)),
+        Effect.mapError(() => invalidOutput(`OpenAI Images result ${index} contains invalid base64 data`)),
        Effect.map(
          (data) =>
            new GeneratedImage({
@@ -225,9 +241,9 @@ const parseResponse = Effect.fn("OpenAIImages.parseResponse")(function* (
            item.revised_prompt === undefined ? undefined : { openai: { revisedPrompt: item.revised_prompt } },
        }),
      )
-    return Effect.fail(output.invalid(`OpenAI Images result ${index} has neither image data nor a URL`))
+    return Effect.fail(invalidOutput(`OpenAI Images result ${index} has neither image data nor a URL`))
  })
-  if (images.length === 0) return yield* output.invalid("OpenAI Images returned no images")
+  if (images.length === 0) return yield* invalidOutput("OpenAI Images returned no images")
  return new ImageResponse({
    images,
    usage:
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { Protocol } from "../route/protocol.js"
 import { HttpTransport } from "../route/transport/index.js"
 import { LLMRequest, type JsonSchema, type ToolDefinition } from "../schema/index.js"
 import { OpenResponses } from "./open-responses.js"
-import { JsonObject, optionalArray, optionalNull, ProviderShared } from "./shared.js"
+import { optionalArray, ProviderShared } from "./shared.js"
 import { OpenAIImage } from "./utils/openai-image.js"
 import { ResponsesHostedTools } from "./utils/responses-hosted-tools.js"
 import { ToolSchemaProjection } from "./utils/tool-schema.js"
@@ -32,40 +32,6 @@ const OpenAIResponsesImageGenerationTool = Schema.Struct({
  size: Schema.optional(OpenAIImage.Size),
 })

-const OpenAIResponsesHostedToolItem = Schema.Union([
-  Schema.StructWithRest(
-    Schema.Struct({
-      type: Schema.tag("computer_call"),
-      id: Schema.String,
-      status: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-      call_id: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-      action: optionalNull(JsonObject),
-      pending_safety_checks: Schema.optional(Schema.Array(JsonObject)),
-    }),
-    [JsonObject],
-  ),
-  Schema.StructWithRest(
-    Schema.Struct({
-      type: Schema.tag("web_search_preview_call"),
-      id: Schema.String,
-      status: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-      action: optionalNull(JsonObject),
-    }),
-    [JsonObject],
-  ),
-  Schema.StructWithRest(
-    Schema.Struct({
-      type: Schema.tag("image_generation_call"),
-      id: Schema.String,
-      status: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-      result: optionalNull(Schema.String),
-      output_format: Schema.optional(Schema.Literals(["png", "jpeg", "webp"])),
-      revised_prompt: optionalNull(Schema.String),
-    }),
-    [JsonObject],
-  ),
-])
-
 const OpenAIResponsesTools = Schema.Union([OpenResponses.Tool, OpenAIResponsesImageGenerationTool])

 const OpenAIResponsesToolChoice = Schema.Union([
@@ -75,7 +41,6 @@ const OpenAIResponsesToolChoice = Schema.Union([

 const OpenAIResponsesCoreFields = {
  ...OpenResponses.coreFields,
-  input: Schema.Array(Schema.Union([OpenResponses.InputItem, OpenAIResponsesHostedToolItem])),
  tools: optionalArray(OpenAIResponsesTools),
  tool_choice: Schema.optional(OpenAIResponsesToolChoice),
 }
@@ -86,10 +51,28 @@ const OpenAIResponsesBody = Schema.Struct({
 })
 export type OpenAIResponsesBody = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof OpenAIResponsesBody>

+// Replayed items are paired with stored server state by id, so a foreign or
+// synthetic token can fail request validation even when `call_id` pairing is
+// intact. Only resend ids in each item kind's own grammar; hosted tool
+// references keep generic validation because every hosted tool mints its own
+// prefix. The same allowlist approach codex uses before resending history
+// (codex-rs core/src/client.rs, `prepare_response_items_for_request`).
+const ITEM_ID_PREFIXES: Record<OpenResponses.ItemKind, ReadonlyArray<string>> = {
+  message: ["msg_"],
+  reasoning: ["rs_"],
+  "function-call": ["fc_"],
+  // Every hosted tool mints its own id prefix, so references keep generic
+  // validation only.
+  reference: [],
+}
+
 const extension = {
  id: ADAPTER,
  name: NAME,
-  lowerHostedToolItem: (item: unknown) => (Schema.is(OpenAIResponsesHostedToolItem)(item) ? item : undefined),
+  acceptsItemID: (kind: OpenResponses.ItemKind, id: string) => {
+    const prefixes = ITEM_ID_PREFIXES[kind]
+    return prefixes.length === 0 || prefixes.some((prefix) => id.startsWith(prefix))
+  },
 } satisfies OpenResponses.Extension

 const nativeImageToolInput = (tool: ToolDefinition) => {
@@ -122,8 +105,6 @@ const lowerToolChoice = (toolChoice: NonNullable<LLMRequest["toolChoice"]>, tool
        : { type: "function" as const, name },
  })

-const decodeBody = ProviderShared.validateWith(Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(OpenAIResponsesBody))
-
 const fromRequest = Effect.fn("OpenAIResponses.fromRequest")(function* (request: LLMRequest) {
  const body = yield* OpenResponses.fromRequestWithExtension(
    LLMRequest.update(request, { tools: [], toolChoice: undefined }),
@@ -131,7 +112,7 @@ const fromRequest = Effect.fn("OpenAIResponses.fromRequest")(function* (request:
  )
  const toolSchemaCompatibility = request.model.compatibility?.toolSchema
  const parallelToolCalls = OpenResponses.resolveParallelToolCalls(request)
-  return yield* decodeBody({
+  return {
    ...body,
    ...(parallelToolCalls === undefined ? {} : { parallel_tool_calls: parallelToolCalls }),
    tools:
@@ -142,16 +123,14 @@ const fromRequest = Effect.fn("OpenAIResponses.fromRequest")(function* (request:
          ),
    tool_choice:
      body.tool_choice ?? (request.toolChoice ? yield* lowerToolChoice(request.toolChoice, request.tools) : undefined),
-  })
+  } satisfies OpenAIResponsesBody
 })

 const hostedToolResult = Effect.fn("OpenAIResponses.hostedToolResult")(function* (item: ResponsesHostedTools.Item) {
  const isError = item.error !== undefined && item.error !== null
  if (item.type === "image_generation_call" && item.result) {
    yield* Effect.fromResult(Encoding.decodeBase64(item.result)).pipe(
-      Effect.mapError((cause) =>
-        ProviderShared.eventError(ADAPTER, "OpenAI Responses returned invalid image base64", undefined, cause),
-      ),
+      Effect.mapError(() => ProviderShared.eventError(ADAPTER, "OpenAI Responses returned invalid image base64")),
    )
    const format = item.output_format ?? "png"
    return {
@@ -186,10 +165,8 @@ const HOSTED_TOOLS = {

 const step = (state: OpenResponses.ParserState, event: OpenResponses.Event) => {
  if (event.type === "response.reasoning_text.delta")
-    return event.item_id !== undefined
-      ? Effect.succeed(
-          OpenResponses.onReasoningDelta(state, event, OpenResponses.outputItemID(state, event) ?? event.item_id),
-        )
+    return event.item_id
+      ? Effect.succeed(OpenResponses.onReasoningDelta(state, event, event.item_id))
      : ProviderShared.eventError(ADAPTER, `${event.type} is missing item_id`)
  if (event.type === "response.output_item.done" && event.item && ResponsesHostedTools.isItem(event.item, HOSTED_TOOLS))
    return ResponsesHostedTools.onDone(state, event.item, HOSTED_TOOLS)
@@ -230,7 +207,7 @@ export const route = Route.make({
  endpoint,
  auth,
  transport,
-  defaults: { providerOptions: { store: false, include: ["reasoning.encrypted_content"] } },
+  defaults: { providerOptions: { store: false } },
 })

 export * as OpenAIResponses from "./openai-responses.js"
@@ -2,12 +2,11 @@ import { Buffer } from "node:buffer"
 import { Tool } from "@opencode-ai/schema/tool"
 import { Effect, Schema, Stream } from "effect"
 import * as Sse from "effect/unstable/encoding/Sse"
-import { Headers, HttpClientRequest, HttpClientResponse } from "effect/unstable/http"
+import { Headers, HttpClientRequest } from "effect/unstable/http"
 import {
-  InvalidProviderOutputError,
-  InvalidRequestError,
+  InvalidProviderOutputReason,
+  InvalidRequestReason,
  AIError,
-  HttpContext,
  type ContentPart,
  type LLMRequest,
  type MediaPart,
@@ -29,10 +28,10 @@ export const OPENAI_PROMPT_CACHE_KEY_MAX_LENGTH = 64

 // OpenAI limits `prompt_cache_key` to 64 chars; DeepSeek and Zai inherit the same
 // limit via their OpenAI-compatible APIs. Clamp with unicode-aware slicing.
-export const promptCacheKey = (request: LLMRequest): string | undefined => {
-  if (request.cache === "none" || request.promptCacheKey === undefined) return undefined
-  const chars = Array.from(request.promptCacheKey)
-  if (chars.length <= OPENAI_PROMPT_CACHE_KEY_MAX_LENGTH) return request.promptCacheKey
+export const clampPromptCacheKey = (key: string | undefined): string | undefined => {
+  if (key === undefined) return undefined
+  const chars = Array.from(key)
+  if (chars.length <= OPENAI_PROMPT_CACHE_KEY_MAX_LENGTH) return key
  return chars.slice(0, OPENAI_PROMPT_CACHE_KEY_MAX_LENGTH).join("")
 }

@@ -97,15 +96,17 @@ export const sumTokens = (...values: ReadonlyArray<number | undefined>): number
  return values.reduce((acc: number, value) => acc + (value ?? 0), 0)
 }

-export const eventError = (route: string, message: string, body?: string, cause?: unknown) =>
+export const eventError = (route: string, message: string, raw?: string) =>
  new AIError({
-    reason: new InvalidProviderOutputError({ route, message, body, cause }),
+    module: "ProviderShared",
+    method: "stream",
+    reason: new InvalidProviderOutputReason({ route, message, raw }),
  })

 export const parseJson = (route: string, input: string, message: string) =>
  Effect.try({
    try: () => decodeJson(input),
-    catch: (cause) => eventError(route, message, input, cause),
+    catch: () => eventError(route, message, input),
  })

 /**
@@ -207,41 +208,27 @@ export const errorText = (error: unknown) => {

 /**
 * `framing` step for Server-Sent Events. Decodes UTF-8, runs the SSE channel
- * decoder, optionally filters named events, and drops empty events. `[DONE]`
- * is dropped by default or retained for protocols that use it as their stream
- * boundary. Retry control events are ignored without interrupting the stream.
- * Decoder failures become provider output errors so the public error channel
- * stays `AIError`.
+ * decoder, optionally filters named events, and drops empty / `[DONE]`
+ * keep-alive events so the protocol event schema sees one JSON string per
+ * element. The SSE channel emits a
+ * `Retry` control event on its error channel; we drop it here (we don't
+ * implement client-driven retries). Decoder failures become provider output
+ * errors so the public error channel stays `AIError`.
 */
 export const sseFraming = (
  bytes: Stream.Stream<Uint8Array, AIError>,
  events?: ReadonlySet<string>,
-  includeDone = false,
 ): Stream.Stream<string, AIError> =>
  bytes.pipe(
    Stream.decodeText(),
-    Stream.mapAccumEffect(
-      () => {
-        const output: Sse.Event[] = []
-        return {
-          output,
-          parser: Sse.makeParser((event) => {
-            if (event._tag === "Event") output.push(event)
-          }),
-        }
-      },
-      (state, chunk) =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const error = state.parser.feed(chunk)
-          if (error) return yield* eventError("sse", error.message, chunk, error)
-          return [state, state.output.splice(0)] as const
-        }),
-    ),
+    Stream.pipeThroughChannel(Sse.decode()),
+    Stream.catchTag("Retry", () => Stream.empty),
+    Stream.catchTag("SseError", (error) => Stream.fail(eventError("sse", error.message))),
    Stream.filter(
      (event) =>
        (events === undefined || events.has(event.event)) &&
        event.data.length > 0 &&
-        (event.data !== "[DONE]" || includeDone || (events !== undefined && event.event !== "message")),
+        (event.data !== "[DONE]" || (events !== undefined && event.event !== "message")),
    ),
    Stream.map((event) => event.data),
  )
@@ -249,39 +236,13 @@ export const sseFraming = (
 /**
 * Canonical invalid-request constructor shared by protocol lowering.
 */
-export const invalidRequest = (message: string, cause?: unknown) =>
+export const invalidRequest = (message: string) =>
  new AIError({
-    reason: new InvalidRequestError({ message, cause }),
+    module: "ProviderShared",
+    method: "request",
+    reason: new InvalidRequestReason({ message }),
  })

-export const imageResponse = Effect.fn("ProviderShared.imageResponse")(function* (
-  route: string,
-  name: string,
-  response: HttpClientResponse.HttpClientResponse,
-) {
-  const http = new HttpContext({ url: response.request.url, status: response.status, headers: response.headers })
-  const body = yield* response.text.pipe(
-    Effect.mapError(
-      (cause) =>
-        new AIError({
-          reason: new InvalidProviderOutputError({
-            route,
-            message: `Failed to read the ${name} response`,
-            http,
-            cause,
-          }),
-        }),
-    ),
-  )
-  return {
-    body,
-    invalid: (message: string, cause?: unknown) =>
-      new AIError({
-        reason: new InvalidProviderOutputError({ route, message, body, http, cause }),
-      }),
-  }
-})
-
 export const matchToolChoice = <Auto, None, Required, Tool>(
  route: string,
  toolChoice: NonNullable<LLMRequest["toolChoice"]>,
@@ -328,7 +289,7 @@ export const unsupportedContent = (
 export const validateWith =
  <A, I, E extends { readonly message: string }>(decode: (input: I) => Effect.Effect<A, E>) =>
  (payload: I) =>
-    decode(payload).pipe(Effect.mapError((error) => invalidRequest(error.message, error)))
+    decode(payload).pipe(Effect.mapError((error) => invalidRequest(error.message)))

 /**
 * Build an HTTP POST with a JSON body. Sets `content-type: application/json`
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 import { Effect, Encoding } from "effect"
 import type { ImageInput } from "../../image.js"
-import { InvalidRequestError, AIError } from "../../schema/index.js"
+import { InvalidRequestReason, AIError } from "../../schema/index.js"

-const invalid = (message: string, cause?: unknown) =>
+const invalid = (module: string, message: string) =>
  new AIError({
-    reason: new InvalidRequestError({ message, cause }),
+    module,
+    method: "generate",
+    reason: new InvalidRequestReason({ message }),
  })

 export const dataUrl = (input: Extract<ImageInput, { readonly type: "bytes" }>) =>
@@ -12,12 +14,13 @@ export const dataUrl = (input: Extract<ImageInput, { readonly type: "bytes" }>)

 export const decodeDataUrl = (
  url: string,
+  module: string,
 ): Effect.Effect<{ readonly mediaType: string; readonly data: Uint8Array } | undefined, AIError> => {
  if (!url.startsWith("data:")) return Effect.undefined
  const match = /^data:([^;,]+);base64,(.*)$/s.exec(url)
-  if (!match) return Effect.fail(invalid("Image data URLs must contain a MIME type and base64 data"))
+  if (!match) return Effect.fail(invalid(module, "Image data URLs must contain a MIME type and base64 data"))
  return Effect.fromResult(Encoding.decodeBase64(match[2])).pipe(
-    Effect.mapError((cause) => invalid("Image data URL contains invalid base64 data", cause)),
+    Effect.mapError(() => invalid(module, "Image data URL contains invalid base64 data")),
    Effect.map((data) => ({ mediaType: match[1], data })),
  )
 }
@@ -62,31 +62,22 @@ export const reasoningEnd = (
  events: LLMEvent[],
  id: string,
  providerMetadata?: ProviderMetadata,
-  /** Authoritative complete value; replaces accumulated deltas when present. */
-  text?: string,
 ): State => {
  if (!state.reasoning.has(id)) return state
  const stepped = stepStart(state, events)
-  events.push(LLMEvent.reasoningEnd({ id, text, providerMetadata }))
+  events.push(LLMEvent.reasoningEnd({ id, providerMetadata }))
  const reasoning = new Set(stepped.reasoning)
  reasoning.delete(id)
  return { ...stepped, reasoning }
 }

-export const textEnd = (
-  state: State,
-  events: LLMEvent[],
-  id: string,
-  providerMetadata?: ProviderMetadata,
-  /** Authoritative complete value; replaces accumulated deltas when present. */
-  text?: string,
-): State => {
+export const textEnd = (state: State, events: LLMEvent[], id: string, providerMetadata?: ProviderMetadata): State => {
  if (!state.text.has(id)) return state
  const stepped = stepStart(state, events)
-  events.push(LLMEvent.textEnd({ id, text, providerMetadata }))
-  const open = new Set(stepped.text)
-  open.delete(id)
-  return { ...stepped, text: open }
+  events.push(LLMEvent.textEnd({ id, providerMetadata }))
+  const text = new Set(stepped.text)
+  text.delete(id)
+  return { ...stepped, text }
 }

 const closeOpenBlocks = (state: State, events: LLMEvent[]): State => {
@@ -29,9 +29,10 @@ export type ResponseIncludable = (typeof ResponseIncludables)[number] | (string

 export const ServiceTiers = ["auto", "default", "flex", "priority"] as const
 export type ServiceTier = (typeof ServiceTiers)[number] | (string & {})
-export const ServiceTier = Schema.declare<ServiceTier>((value): value is ServiceTier => typeof value === "string", {
-  title: "ServiceTier",
-})
+export const ServiceTier = Schema.declare<ServiceTier>(
+  (value): value is ServiceTier => typeof value === "string",
+  { title: "ServiceTier" },
+)

 export const Truncations = ["auto", "disabled"] as const
 export type Truncation = (typeof Truncations)[number]
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ export const StreamOptions = Schema.Struct({
 })

 export const Options = Schema.Struct({
+  instructions: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
  store: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
  metadata: Schema.optional(Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.String)),
  safetyIdentifier: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
@@ -42,61 +42,7 @@ export function parseJSON(jsonString: string, allowPartial = Allow.ALL): unknown
  try {
    return decodeJson(input)
  } catch {}
-
-  const repaired = repairJSON(input)
-  if (repaired !== input) {
-    try {
-      return decodeJson(repaired)
-    } catch {}
-  }
-
-  try {
-    return _parseJSON(input, allowPartial)
-  } catch (error) {
-    if (repaired !== input) return _parseJSON(repaired, allowPartial)
-    throw error
-  }
-}
-
-const repairJSON = (input: string) => {
-  let repaired = ""
-  let quoted = false
-
-  for (let index = 0; index < input.length; index++) {
-    const character = input[index]
-    if (!quoted) {
-      repaired += character
-      if (character === '"') quoted = true
-      continue
-    }
-
-    if (character === '"') {
-      repaired += character
-      quoted = false
-      continue
-    }
-
-    if (character === "\\") {
-      const next = input[index + 1]
-      if (next === "u" && /^[0-9a-fA-F]{4}$/.test(input.slice(index + 2, index + 6))) {
-        repaired += input.slice(index, index + 6)
-        index += 5
-        continue
-      }
-      if (next !== undefined && '"\\/bfnrtu'.includes(next)) {
-        repaired += `\\${next}`
-        index++
-        continue
-      }
-      repaired += "\\\\"
-      continue
-    }
-
-    const code = character.charCodeAt(0)
-    repaired += code <= 0x1f ? `\\u${code.toString(16).padStart(4, "0")}` : character
-  }
-
-  return repaired
+  return _parseJSON(input, allowPartial)
 }

 const _parseJSON = (jsonString: string, allow: number) => {
@@ -202,12 +148,7 @@ const _parseJSON = (jsonString: string, allow: number) => {
        skipBlank()
        index++
        try {
-          Object.defineProperty(object, key, {
-            value: parseAny(),
-            enumerable: true,
-            configurable: true,
-            writable: true,
-          })
+          object[key] = parseAny()
        } catch (error) {
          if (Allow.OBJ & allow) return object
          throw error
@@ -34,35 +34,37 @@ export const onDone: (
  state: OpenResponses.ParserState,
  item: Item,
  tools: Definitions,
-) => Effect.Effect<OpenResponses.StepResult, AIError> = Effect.fn("ResponsesHostedTools.onDone")(
-  function* (state, item, tools) {
-    const tool = tools[item.type]
-    if (!tool) return [state, []] satisfies OpenResponses.StepResult
-    const providerMetadata = OpenResponses.providerMetadata(state, { itemId: item.id })
-    const events: LLMEvent[] = []
-    const lifecycle = Lifecycle.stepStart(state.lifecycle, events)
-    events.push(
-      LLMEvent.toolCall({
-        id: item.id,
-        name: tool.name,
-        input: tool.input(item),
-        providerExecuted: true,
-        providerMetadata,
-      }),
-      LLMEvent.toolResult({
-        id: item.id,
-        name: tool.name,
-        result: tool.result
-          ? yield* tool.result(item)
-          : item.error !== undefined && item.error !== null
-            ? { type: "error", value: item.error }
-            : { type: "json", value: item },
-        providerExecuted: true,
-        providerMetadata,
-      }),
-    )
-    return [{ ...state, lifecycle }, events] satisfies OpenResponses.StepResult
-  },
-)
+) => Effect.Effect<OpenResponses.StepResult, AIError> = Effect.fn("ResponsesHostedTools.onDone")(function* (
+  state,
+  item,
+  tools,
+) {
+  const tool = tools[item.type]
+  if (!tool) return [state, []] satisfies OpenResponses.StepResult
+  const providerMetadata = OpenResponses.providerMetadata(state, { itemId: item.id })
+  const events: LLMEvent[] = []
+  const lifecycle = Lifecycle.stepStart(state.lifecycle, events)
+  events.push(
+    LLMEvent.toolCall({
+      id: item.id,
+      name: tool.name,
+      input: tool.input(item),
+      providerExecuted: true,
+      providerMetadata,
+    }),
+    LLMEvent.toolResult({
+      id: item.id,
+      name: tool.name,
+      result: tool.result
+        ? yield* tool.result(item)
+        : item.error !== undefined && item.error !== null
+          ? { type: "error", value: item.error }
+          : { type: "json", value: item },
+      providerExecuted: true,
+      providerMetadata,
+    }),
+  )
+  return [{ ...state, lifecycle }, events] satisfies OpenResponses.StepResult
+})

 export * as ResponsesHostedTools from "./responses-hosted-tools.js"
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
-import { Effect, Option } from "effect"
-import { AIError, LLMEvent, type ProviderMetadata, type ToolCall } from "../../schema/index.js"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { AIError, LLMEvent, type ProviderMetadata, type ToolCall, type ToolInputError } from "../../schema/index.js"
 import { eventError, parseToolInput, type ToolAccumulator } from "../shared.js"
-import { parse } from "./partial-json.js"

 type StreamKey = string | number
-const parsePartialInput = Option.liftThrowable(parse)

 /**
 * One pending streamed tool call. Providers emit the tool identity and JSON
@@ -64,39 +62,38 @@ const inputDelta = (tool: PendingTool, text: string) =>
    id: tool.id,
    name: tool.name,
    text,
-    input: Option.getOrElse(parsePartialInput(tool.input), () => ({})),
  })

 const toolCall = (route: string, tool: PendingTool, inputOverride?: string) => {
  const raw = inputOverride ?? tool.input
  return parseToolInput(route, tool.name, raw).pipe(
+    Effect.map((input): ToolCall | ToolInputError =>
+      LLMEvent.toolCall({
+        id: tool.id,
+        name: tool.name,
+        input,
+        providerExecuted: tool.providerExecuted ? true : undefined,
+        providerMetadata: tool.providerMetadata,
+      }),
+    ),
    Effect.catch((error) =>
      tool.providerExecuted
        ? Effect.fail(error)
        : Effect.succeed(
-            Option.getOrElse(
-              Option.map(parsePartialInput(raw), (input) => input ?? {}),
-              () => ({}),
-            ),
+            LLMEvent.toolInputError({
+              id: tool.id,
+              name: tool.name,
+              raw,
+            }),
          ),
    ),
-    Effect.map(
-      (input): ToolCall =>
-        LLMEvent.toolCall({
-          id: tool.id,
-          name: tool.name,
-          input,
-          providerExecuted: tool.providerExecuted ? true : undefined,
-          providerMetadata: tool.providerMetadata,
-        }),
-    ),
  )
 }

-const finishEvents = (tool: PendingTool, event: ToolCall): ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent> => [
-  LLMEvent.toolInputEnd({ id: tool.id, name: tool.name, providerMetadata: tool.providerMetadata }),
-  event,
-]
+const finishEvents = (tool: PendingTool, event: ToolCall | ToolInputError): ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent> =>
+  event.type === "tool-input-error"
+    ? [event]
+    : [LLMEvent.toolInputEnd({ id: tool.id, name: tool.name, providerMetadata: tool.providerMetadata }), event]

 /** Store the updated tool and produce the optional public delta event. */
 const appendTool = <K extends StreamKey>(
@@ -179,7 +176,7 @@ export const appendExisting = <K extends StreamKey>(

 /**
 * Finalize one pending tool call: parse the accumulated raw JSON, remove it
- * from state, and recover incomplete local arguments when needed.
+ * from state, and return either a call or a non-executable local input error.
 * Missing keys are a no-op because some providers emit stop events for
 * non-tool content blocks.
 */
@@ -2,7 +2,14 @@ import { Effect, Encoding, Schema } from "effect"
 import { Headers, HttpClientRequest } from "effect/unstable/http"
 import { GeneratedImage, ImageModel, ImageResponse, type ImageRequestFor, type ImageRoute } from "../image.js"
 import { Auth, type Definition as AuthDefinition } from "../route/auth.js"
-import { Usage, mergeHttpOptions, mergeJsonRecords, type HttpOptions } from "../schema/index.js"
+import {
+  InvalidProviderOutputReason,
+  AIError,
+  Usage,
+  mergeHttpOptions,
+  mergeJsonRecords,
+  type HttpOptions,
+} from "../schema/index.js"
 import { ProviderShared, optionalNull } from "./shared.js"
 import { ImageInputs } from "./utils/image-input.js"

@@ -87,6 +94,13 @@ const nativeOptions = (options: XAIImageOptions | undefined) => {
  }
 }

+const invalidOutput = (message: string) =>
+  new AIError({
+    module: ADAPTER,
+    method: "generate",
+    reason: new InvalidProviderOutputReason({ message, route: ADAPTER }),
+  })
+
 const applyQuery = (url: string, query: Record<string, string> | undefined) => {
  if (!query) return url
  const next = new URL(url)
@@ -106,7 +120,7 @@ export const model = (input: ModelInput) => {
        return undefined
      })
      if (imageReferences.some((image) => image === undefined))
-        return yield* ImageInputs.invalid("xAI Images accepts image URLs, data URLs, bytes, and file IDs")
+        return yield* ImageInputs.invalid(ADAPTER, "xAI Images accepts image URLs, data URLs, bytes, and file IDs")
      const requestBody = mergeJsonRecords(
        {
          model: request.model.id,
@@ -135,17 +149,17 @@ export const model = (input: ModelInput) => {
          HttpClientRequest.bodyText(text, "application/json"),
        ),
      )
-      const output = yield* ProviderShared.imageResponse(ADAPTER, "xAI Images", response)
-      const decoded = yield* Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(Schema.fromJsonString(XAIImageResponse))(output.body).pipe(
-        Effect.mapError((cause) => output.invalid("xAI Images returned an invalid response", cause)),
+      const payload = yield* response.json.pipe(
+        Effect.mapError(() => invalidOutput("Failed to read the xAI Images response")),
+      )
+      const decoded = yield* Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(XAIImageResponse)(payload).pipe(
+        Effect.mapError(() => invalidOutput("xAI Images returned an invalid response")),
      )
      const images = yield* Effect.forEach(decoded.data, (item, index) => {
        const mediaType = item.mime_type ?? "application/octet-stream"
        if (item.b64_json)
          return Effect.fromResult(Encoding.decodeBase64(item.b64_json)).pipe(
-            Effect.mapError((cause) =>
-              output.invalid(`xAI Images result ${index} contains invalid base64 data`, cause),
-            ),
+            Effect.mapError(() => invalidOutput(`xAI Images result ${index} contains invalid base64 data`)),
            Effect.map(
              (data) =>
                new GeneratedImage({
@@ -169,9 +183,9 @@ export const model = (input: ModelInput) => {
                  : { xai: { revisedPrompt: item.revised_prompt } },
            }),
          )
-        return Effect.fail(output.invalid(`xAI Images result ${index} has neither image data nor a URL`))
+        return Effect.fail(invalidOutput(`xAI Images result ${index} has neither image data nor a URL`))
      })
-      if (images.length === 0) return yield* output.invalid("xAI Images returned no images")
+      if (images.length === 0) return yield* invalidOutput("xAI Images returned no images")
      const usage = ProviderShared.isRecord(decoded.usage) ? decoded.usage : undefined
      return new ImageResponse({
        images,
@@ -1,52 +1,15 @@
-import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
 import { Protocol } from "../route/protocol.js"
-import type { LLMRequest } from "../schema/index.js"
 import { OpenResponses } from "./open-responses.js"
-import { JsonObject, optionalNull, ProviderShared } from "./shared.js"
 import { ResponsesHostedTools } from "./utils/responses-hosted-tools.js"

 const ADAPTER = "xai-responses"
 const NAME = "xAI Responses"

-const XAIResponsesHostedToolItem = Schema.Union([
-  Schema.StructWithRest(
-    Schema.Struct({
-      type: Schema.tag("x_search_call"),
-      id: Schema.String,
-      status: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-      action: optionalNull(JsonObject),
-    }),
-    [JsonObject],
-  ),
-  Schema.StructWithRest(
-    Schema.Struct({
-      type: Schema.tag("image_generation_call"),
-      id: Schema.String,
-      status: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-      result: Schema.optional(Schema.Unknown),
-      error: Schema.optional(Schema.Unknown),
-    }),
-    [JsonObject],
-  ),
-])
-
-const XAIResponsesBody = Schema.Struct({
-  ...OpenResponses.coreFields,
-  input: Schema.Array(Schema.Union([OpenResponses.InputItem, XAIResponsesHostedToolItem])),
-  stream: Schema.Literal(true),
-})
-
 const extension = {
  id: ADAPTER,
  name: NAME,
-  lowerHostedToolItem: (item: unknown) => (Schema.is(XAIResponsesHostedToolItem)(item) ? item : undefined),
 } satisfies OpenResponses.Extension

-const decodeBody = ProviderShared.validateWith(Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(XAIResponsesBody))
-const fromRequest = Effect.fn("XAIResponses.fromRequest")(function* (request: LLMRequest) {
-  return yield* decodeBody(yield* OpenResponses.fromRequestWithExtension(request, extension))
-})
-
 const HOSTED_TOOLS = {
  web_search_call: { name: "web_search", input: (item) => item.action ?? {} },
  x_search_call: { name: "x_search", input: (item) => item.action ?? {} },
@@ -72,10 +35,7 @@ const step = (state: OpenResponses.ParserState, event: OpenResponses.Event) => {

 export const protocol = Protocol.make({
  id: ADAPTER,
-  body: {
-    schema: XAIResponsesBody,
-    from: fromRequest,
-  },
+  body: OpenResponses.protocol.body,
  stream: {
    event: OpenResponses.protocol.stream.event,
    initial: (request) => OpenResponses.initial(request, extension),
@@ -2,7 +2,13 @@ import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
 import { Headers, HttpClientRequest } from "effect/unstable/http"
 import { GeneratedImage, ImageModel, ImageResponse, type ImageRequestFor, type ImageRoute } from "../image.js"
 import { Auth, type Definition as AuthDefinition } from "../route/auth.js"
-import { mergeHttpOptions, mergeJsonRecords, type HttpOptions } from "../schema/index.js"
+import {
+  InvalidProviderOutputReason,
+  AIError,
+  mergeHttpOptions,
+  mergeJsonRecords,
+  type HttpOptions,
+} from "../schema/index.js"
 import { ProviderShared } from "./shared.js"
 import { ImageInputs } from "./utils/image-input.js"

@@ -57,6 +63,13 @@ const nativeOptions = (options: ZAIImageOptions | undefined) => {
  }
 }

+const invalidOutput = (message: string) =>
+  new AIError({
+    module: ADAPTER,
+    method: "generate",
+    reason: new InvalidProviderOutputReason({ message, route: ADAPTER }),
+  })
+
 const applyQuery = (url: string, query: Record<string, string> | undefined) => {
  if (!query) return url
  const next = new URL(url)
@@ -69,7 +82,7 @@ export const model = (input: ModelInput) => {
    id: ADAPTER,
    generate: Effect.fn("ZAIImages.generate")(function* (request: ImageRequestFor<ZAIImageOptions>, execute) {
      if ((request.images?.length ?? 0) > 0)
-        return yield* ImageInputs.invalid("Z.ai hosted image generation does not support image inputs")
+        return yield* ImageInputs.invalid(ADAPTER, "Z.ai hosted image generation does not support image inputs")
      const http = mergeHttpOptions(request.model.http, request.http)
      const requestBody = mergeJsonRecords(
        { model: request.model.id, prompt: request.prompt },
@@ -91,11 +104,13 @@ export const model = (input: ModelInput) => {
          HttpClientRequest.bodyText(text, "application/json"),
        ),
      )
-      const output = yield* ProviderShared.imageResponse(ADAPTER, "Z.ai Images", response)
-      const decoded = yield* Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(Schema.fromJsonString(ZAIImageResponse))(output.body).pipe(
-        Effect.mapError((cause) => output.invalid("Z.ai Images returned an invalid response", cause)),
+      const payload = yield* response.json.pipe(
+        Effect.mapError(() => invalidOutput("Failed to read the Z.ai Images response")),
      )
-      if (decoded.data.length === 0) return yield* output.invalid("Z.ai Images returned no images")
+      const decoded = yield* Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(ZAIImageResponse)(payload).pipe(
+        Effect.mapError(() => invalidOutput("Z.ai Images returned an invalid response")),
+      )
+      if (decoded.data.length === 0) return yield* invalidOutput("Z.ai Images returned no images")
      return new ImageResponse({
        images: decoded.data.map(
          (item) =>
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 import { Option, Schema } from "effect"
 import {
-  AuthenticationError,
-  ContentPolicyError,
-  InvalidRequestError,
+  AuthenticationReason,
+  ContentPolicyReason,
+  InvalidRequestReason,
  AIError,
  ProviderErrorEvent,
-  ProviderInternalError,
-  QuotaExceededError,
-  RateLimitError,
-  UnknownProviderError,
+  ProviderInternalReason,
+  QuotaExceededReason,
+  RateLimitReason,
+  UnknownProviderReason,
  type HttpContext,
  type HttpRateLimitDetails,
+  type ProviderMetadata,
 } from "./schema/index.js"

 const patterns = [
@@ -37,19 +38,17 @@ const patterns = [
  /too large for model with \d+ maximum context length/i,
  /prompt has [\d,]+ tokens?, but the configured context size is [\d,]+ tokens?/i,
  /model_context_window_exceeded/i,
-  /range of input length should be/i,
  /too many tokens/i,
  /token limit exceeded/i,
-  /request_too_large/i,
 ]

-const payloadPatterns = [/request entity too large/i, /payload too large/i, /request too large/i]
+const payloadPatterns = [/request_too_large/i, /request entity too large/i, /payload too large/i, /request too large/i]

 const exclusions = [/^(throttling error|service unavailable):/i, /rate limit/i, /too many requests/i]

 export const isContextOverflow = (message: string) =>
  !exclusions.some((pattern) => pattern.test(message)) &&
-  (patterns.some((pattern) => pattern.test(message)) || /^4(?:00|13)\s*(status code)?\s*\(no body\)/i.test(message))
+  (patterns.some((pattern) => pattern.test(message)) || /^400\s*(status code)?\s*\(no body\)/i.test(message))

 export const isPayloadTooLarge = (message: string) => payloadPatterns.some((pattern) => pattern.test(message))

@@ -60,7 +59,6 @@ export const isContextOverflowFailure = (failure: unknown) =>

 const decodeJson = Schema.decodeUnknownOption(Schema.fromJsonString(Schema.Unknown))
 const QUOTA_CODES = new Set(["insufficient_quota", "usage_not_included", "billing_error"])
-const AUTH_CODES = new Set(["authentication_error", "permission_error"])
 const SERVER_CODES = new Set([
  "api_error",
  "internal_error",
@@ -76,91 +74,96 @@ const INVALID_REQUEST_CODES = new Set(["invalid_prompt", "invalid_request_error"
 const RATE_LIMIT_TEXT = /rate increased too quickly|rate[-_\s]?limit|too[_\s]?many[_\s]?requests/i
 const QUOTA_TEXT = /insufficient[-_\s]?quota|quota[-_\s]?exceeded/i
 const CONTENT_POLICY_TEXT = /content[-_\s]?policy|content_filter|safety/i
+const NETWORK_ERROR_TEXT = /network[-_\s]error/i

 export interface ProviderFailure {
  readonly message: string
  readonly status?: number | undefined
+  readonly code?: string | undefined
  // Raw wire payload, scanned for failure signals (codes, overflow phrases)
  // that the summary message does not carry. Not shown to users.
  readonly rawBody?: string | undefined
-  // Some SDKs supply parsed error data separately from the original response text.
-  readonly data?: unknown
-  readonly http?: HttpContext | undefined
-  readonly cause?: unknown
  readonly retryAfterMs?: number | undefined
  readonly rateLimit?: HttpRateLimitDetails | undefined
+  readonly http?: HttpContext | undefined
+  readonly providerMetadata?: ProviderMetadata | undefined
 }

-// Classification records affirmative evidence about a failure. Deterministic
-// failures need positive identification (a 4xx status, quota/auth/policy
-// signals); anything unrecognized stays UnknownProvider, which the session
-// retry policy treats as retry-eligible because transient failures arrive in
-// unpredictable shapes while deterministic rejections almost always carry a
-// status or known code.
+// Keep HTTP failures and provider-reported stream failures on one typed path so
+// session retry policy never needs provider-specific string matching.
 export function classifyProviderFailure(input: ProviderFailure): AIError["reason"] {
-  const details = { message: input.message, body: input.rawBody, http: input.http, cause: input.cause }
-  const body = input.rawBody ?? ""
-  const codes = [...providerCodes(input.data), ...providerCodes(body), ...providerCodes(input.message)].map((code) =>
-    code.toLowerCase(),
-  )
+  const body = input.http?.body ?? input.rawBody ?? ""
+  const codes = [input.code, ...providerCodes(body), ...providerCodes(input.message)]
+    .filter((code): code is string => code !== undefined)
+    .map((code) => code.toLowerCase())
  // Scan the raw payload too so signals missing from the summary message
  // (e.g. overflow phrases nested in a JSON error body) still classify.
  const text = [input.message, body].filter((value) => value.length > 0).join("\n")
+  const common = { message: input.message, providerMetadata: input.providerMetadata, http: input.http }
  const clientScoped = input.status === undefined || (input.status >= 400 && input.status < 500)

  if (
    clientScoped &&
    (codes.includes("context_length_exceeded") ||
      codes.includes("model_context_window_exceeded") ||
-      codes.includes("request_too_large") ||
      isContextOverflow(text))
  )
-    return new InvalidRequestError({ ...details, classification: "context-overflow" })
+    return new InvalidRequestReason({ ...common, classification: "context-overflow" })
  if (input.status === 413 || isPayloadTooLarge(text))
-    return new InvalidRequestError({ ...details, classification: "payload-too-large" })
-  if (CONTENT_POLICY_TEXT.test(text)) return new ContentPolicyError(details)
+    return new InvalidRequestReason({ ...common, classification: "payload-too-large" })
+  if (CONTENT_POLICY_TEXT.test(text)) return new ContentPolicyReason(common)
  if (codes.some((code) => QUOTA_CODES.has(code)) || (input.status === 429 && QUOTA_TEXT.test(text)))
-    return new QuotaExceededError(details)
-  if (input.status === 401 || input.status === 403 || codes.some((code) => AUTH_CODES.has(code)))
-    return new AuthenticationError(details)
+    return new QuotaExceededReason(common)
+  if (input.status === 401) return new AuthenticationReason({ ...common, kind: "invalid" })
+  if (input.status === 403) return new AuthenticationReason({ ...common, kind: "insufficient-permissions" })
+  if (codes.includes("authentication_error")) return new AuthenticationReason({ ...common, kind: "invalid" })
+  if (codes.includes("permission_error"))
+    return new AuthenticationReason({ ...common, kind: "insufficient-permissions" })
  if (
-    input.status === 429 ||
-    codes.some(
-      (code) => code.includes("rate_limit") || code === "too_many_requests" || code === "throttlingexception",
-    ) ||
-    RATE_LIMIT_TEXT.test(text)
+    codes.some((code) => code.includes("rate_limit") || code === "too_many_requests" || code === "throttlingexception")
  )
-    return new RateLimitError({
-      ...details,
+    return new RateLimitReason({
+      ...common,
      retryAfterMs: input.retryAfterMs,
      rateLimit: input.rateLimit,
    })
-  if (
-    input.status === 408 ||
-    input.status === 409 ||
-    (input.status !== undefined && input.status >= 500) ||
-    codes.some((code) => SERVER_CODES.has(code) || code.includes("exhausted") || code.includes("unavailable"))
-  )
-    return new ProviderInternalError({
-      ...details,
+  if (RATE_LIMIT_TEXT.test(text))
+    return new RateLimitReason({
+      ...common,
+      retryAfterMs: input.retryAfterMs,
+      rateLimit: input.rateLimit,
+    })
+  if (NETWORK_ERROR_TEXT.test(text)) return new ProviderInternalReason({ ...common, status: input.status })
+  if (codes.some((code) => SERVER_CODES.has(code) || code.includes("exhausted") || code.includes("unavailable")))
+    return new ProviderInternalReason({
+      ...common,
+      status: input.status,
      retryAfterMs: input.retryAfterMs,
    })
-  if (codes.some((code) => INVALID_REQUEST_CODES.has(code))) return new InvalidRequestError(details)
-  // Any remaining 4xx is a deterministic rejection of this request.
-  if (input.status !== undefined && input.status >= 400 && input.status < 500) return new InvalidRequestError(details)
-  return new UnknownProviderError(details)
+  if (input.status === 429) {
+    return new RateLimitReason({
+      ...common,
+      retryAfterMs: input.retryAfterMs,
+      rateLimit: input.rateLimit,
+    })
+  }
+  if (input.status === 408 || input.status === 409 || (input.status !== undefined && input.status >= 500))
+    return new ProviderInternalReason({
+      ...common,
+      status: input.status,
+      retryAfterMs: input.retryAfterMs,
+    })
+  if (codes.some((code) => INVALID_REQUEST_CODES.has(code))) return new InvalidRequestReason(common)
+  if (input.status === 400 || input.status === 404 || input.status === 413 || input.status === 422)
+    return new InvalidRequestReason(common)
+  return new UnknownProviderReason({ ...common, status: input.status })
 }

-function providerCodes(value: unknown) {
-  const decoded = typeof value === "string" ? Option.getOrUndefined(decodeJson(value)) : value
+function providerCodes(value: string) {
+  const decoded = Option.getOrUndefined(decodeJson(value))
  if (!isRecord(decoded)) return []
  const error = isRecord(decoded.error) ? decoded.error : undefined
-  const response = isRecord(decoded.response) ? decoded.response : undefined
-  const responseError = response && isRecord(response.error) ? response.error : undefined
-  const exception = isRecord(decoded.exception) ? decoded.exception : undefined
-  return [decoded.code, error?.code, error?.type, error?.status, responseError?.code, exception?.type].filter(
-    (value): value is string => typeof value === "string",
-  )
+  return [decoded.code, error?.code, error?.type].filter((value): value is string => typeof value === "string")
 }

 function isRecord(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Auth } from "../route/auth.js"
-import { Route, type RouteDefaultsInput } from "../route/client.js"
+import type { Route as RouteDef, RouteDefaultsInput } from "../route/client.js"
 import type { ProviderPackage } from "../provider-package.js"
 import { OpenAIChat } from "../protocols/openai-chat.js"
 import { OpenAIResponses } from "../protocols/openai-responses.js"
@@ -23,30 +23,22 @@ export interface Settings extends ProviderPackage.Settings {
  readonly baseURL?: string
  readonly credentials?: Credentials
  readonly region?: string
-  readonly topP?: number
  readonly providerOptions?: OpenAIProviderOptionsInput
 }

-const responsesRoute = Route.make({
+const responsesRoute = OpenAIResponses.route.with({
  id: "bedrock-mantle-responses",
  provider: id,
-  providerMetadataKey: "mantle",
-  protocol: OpenAIResponses.protocol,
-  endpoint: OpenAIResponses.route.endpoint,
-  auth: OpenAIResponses.route.auth,
-  transport: OpenAIResponses.httpTransport,
-  defaults: OpenAIResponses.route.defaults,
 })

 const chatRoute = OpenAIChat.route.with({
  id: "bedrock-mantle-chat",
  provider: id,
-  providerMetadataKey: "mantle",
 })

 export const routes = [responsesRoute, chatRoute]

-const configuredRoute = <Body, Prepared>(route: Route<Body, Prepared>, input: Config) => {
+const configuredRoute = <Body, Prepared>(route: RouteDef<Body, Prepared>, input: Config) => {
  const region = input.region ?? input.credentials?.region ?? "us-east-1"
  const credentials = input.credentials === undefined ? undefined : { ...input.credentials, region }
  return route.with({
@@ -78,7 +70,7 @@ export const configure = (input: Config = {}) => {

  return {
    id,
-    model: responses,
+    model: chat,
    chat,
    responses,
    configure,
@@ -96,7 +88,6 @@ const config = (settings: Settings): Config => {
    apiKey: settings.auth === "sigv4" ? undefined : settings.apiKey,
    baseURL: settings.baseURL,
    credentials: settings.credentials,
-    generation: settings.topP === undefined ? undefined : { topP: settings.topP },
    headers: settings.headers === undefined ? undefined : { ...settings.headers },
    http: settings.body === undefined ? undefined : { body: { ...settings.body } },
    providerOptions: settings.providerOptions,
@@ -112,4 +103,4 @@ export const responsesModel: ProviderPackage.Definition<Settings, OpenAIProvider
  modelID,
  settings,
 ) => configure(config(settings)).responses(modelID)
-export const model = responsesModel
+export const model = chatModel
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ const configuredRoute = (input: Config) => {
  return BedrockConverse.route.with({
    ...rest,
    provider: id,
-    providerMetadataKey: "bedrock",
    endpoint: { baseURL: baseURL ?? bedrockBaseURL(resolvedRegion) },
    auth: apiKey === undefined ? BedrockConverse.sigV4Auth(credentials) : Auth.bearer(apiKey),
  })
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-export { responsesModel as model } from "../amazon-bedrock-mantle.js"
+export { chatModel as model } from "../amazon-bedrock-mantle.js"
 export type { Settings } from "../amazon-bedrock-mantle.js"
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-import type { ProviderPackage } from "../provider-package.js"
-import { OpenAICompatibleChat } from "../protocols/openai-compatible-chat.js"
-import { AuthOptions, type ProviderAuthOption } from "../route/auth-options.js"
-import type { RouteDefaultsInput } from "../route/client.js"
-import { ProviderID, type ModelID } from "../schema/index.js"
-import { profiles } from "./openai-compatible-profile.js"
-import type { OpenAIProviderOptionsInput } from "./openai-options.js"
-
-export const id = ProviderID.make("cerebras")
-
-export type LanguageModelOptions = Omit<RouteDefaultsInput, "providerOptions"> &
-  ProviderAuthOption<"optional"> & {
-    readonly baseURL?: string
-    readonly providerOptions?: OpenAIProviderOptionsInput
-  }
-
-export interface Settings extends ProviderPackage.Settings {
-  readonly apiKey?: string
-  readonly baseURL?: string
-  readonly providerOptions?: OpenAIProviderOptionsInput
-}
-
-export const route = OpenAICompatibleChat.route.with({
-  id: "cerebras-chat",
-  provider: id,
-  endpoint: { baseURL: profiles.cerebras.baseURL },
-})
-
-export const routes = [route]
-
-export const configure = (input: LanguageModelOptions = {}) => {
-  const { apiKey: _apiKey, auth: _auth, baseURL, ...defaults } = input
-  const configured = route.with({
-    ...defaults,
-    endpoint: { baseURL: baseURL ?? profiles.cerebras.baseURL },
-    auth: AuthOptions.bearer(input, "CEREBRAS_API_KEY"),
-  })
-  return {
-    id,
-    model: (modelID: string | ModelID) =>
-      configured.model<OpenAIProviderOptionsInput>({
-        id: modelID,
-        compatibility: { maxTokensField: "max_tokens", reasoningField: "reasoning", supportsStore: false },
-      }),
-    configure,
-  }
-}
-
-export const provider = configure()
-
-export const model: ProviderPackage.Definition<Settings, OpenAIProviderOptionsInput>["model"] = (modelID, settings) =>
-  configure({
-    apiKey: settings.apiKey,
-    baseURL: settings.baseURL,
-    headers: settings.headers === undefined ? undefined : { ...settings.headers },
-    http: settings.body === undefined ? undefined : { body: { ...settings.body } },
-    providerOptions: settings.providerOptions,
-  }).model(modelID)
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-import type { ProviderPackage } from "../provider-package.js"
-import { OpenAICompatibleChat } from "../protocols/openai-compatible-chat.js"
-import { AuthOptions, type ProviderAuthOption } from "../route/auth-options.js"
-import type { RouteDefaultsInput } from "../route/client.js"
-import { ProviderID, type ModelID } from "../schema/index.js"
-import { profiles } from "./openai-compatible-profile.js"
-import type { OpenAIProviderOptionsInput } from "./openai-options.js"
-
-export const id = ProviderID.make("deepinfra")
-
-export type LanguageModelOptions = Omit<RouteDefaultsInput, "providerOptions"> &
-  ProviderAuthOption<"optional"> & {
-    readonly baseURL?: string
-    readonly providerOptions?: OpenAIProviderOptionsInput
-  }
-
-export interface Settings extends ProviderPackage.Settings {
-  readonly apiKey?: string
-  readonly baseURL?: string
-  readonly providerOptions?: OpenAIProviderOptionsInput
-}
-
-export const route = OpenAICompatibleChat.route.with({
-  id: "deepinfra-chat",
-  provider: id,
-  endpoint: { baseURL: profiles.deepinfra.baseURL },
-})
-
-export const routes = [route]
-
-export const configure = (input: LanguageModelOptions = {}) => {
-  const { apiKey: _apiKey, auth: _auth, baseURL, ...defaults } = input
-  const root = baseURL?.replace(/\/+$/, "")
-  const configured = route.with({
-    ...defaults,
-    endpoint: {
-      baseURL: root === undefined ? profiles.deepinfra.baseURL : root.endsWith("/openai") ? root : `${root}/openai`,
-    },
-    auth: AuthOptions.bearer(input, "DEEPINFRA_API_KEY"),
-  })
-  return {
-    id,
-    model: (modelID: string | ModelID) =>
-      configured.model<OpenAIProviderOptionsInput>({
-        id: modelID,
-        compatibility: { maxTokensField: "max_tokens", reasoningField: "reasoning_content", supportsStore: false },
-      }),
-    configure,
-  }
-}
-
-export const provider = configure()
-
-export const model: ProviderPackage.Definition<Settings, OpenAIProviderOptionsInput>["model"] = (modelID, settings) =>
-  configure({
-    apiKey: settings.apiKey,
-    baseURL: settings.baseURL,
-    headers: settings.headers === undefined ? undefined : { ...settings.headers },
-    http: settings.body === undefined ? undefined : { body: { ...settings.body } },
-    providerOptions: settings.providerOptions,
-  }).model(modelID)
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ export interface Settings extends ProviderPackage.Settings {
 const route = OpenAICompatibleChat.route.with({
  id: "google-vertex-chat",
  provider: id,
-  providerMetadataKey: "vertex",
 })

 export const routes = [route]
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ export interface Settings extends ProviderPackage.Settings {
 const route = OpenAICompatibleResponses.route.with({
  id: "google-vertex-responses",
  provider: id,
-  providerMetadataKey: "vertex",
  providerOptions: { store: false },
 })

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ const protocol = {
 const route = Route.make({
  id: "google-vertex-gemini",
  provider: id,
-  providerMetadataKey: "vertex",
+  providerMetadataKey: "google",
  protocol,
  endpoint: Endpoint.path(({ request }) => {
    const model = String(request.model.id)
@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
-import type { ProviderPackage } from "../provider-package.js"
-import { OpenAIChat } from "../protocols/openai-chat.js"
-import { ProviderShared } from "../protocols/shared.js"
-import { AuthOptions, type ProviderAuthOption } from "../route/auth-options.js"
-import { Route, type RouteDefaultsInput } from "../route/client.js"
-import { Endpoint } from "../route/endpoint.js"
-import { Protocol } from "../route/protocol.js"
-import { ProviderID, type ModelID, type LLMRequest } from "../schema/index.js"
-import { profiles } from "./openai-compatible-profile.js"
-import type { OpenAIProviderOptionsInput } from "./openai-options.js"
-
-export const id = ProviderID.make("groq")
-
-export type ProviderOptions = Pick<OpenAIProviderOptionsInput, "reasoningEffort"> & {
-  /** Controls visible reasoning on GPT-OSS; other models always use parsed reasoning. */
-  readonly includeReasoning?: boolean
-  readonly parallelToolCalls?: boolean
-  readonly serviceTier?: "on_demand" | "flex" | "auto" | "performance" | (string & {})
-  readonly user?: string
-}
-
-export type LanguageModelOptions = Omit<RouteDefaultsInput, "providerOptions"> &
-  ProviderAuthOption<"optional"> & {
-    readonly baseURL?: string
-    readonly providerOptions?: ProviderOptions
-  }
-
-export interface Settings extends ProviderPackage.Settings {
-  readonly apiKey?: string
-  readonly baseURL?: string
-  readonly providerOptions?: ProviderOptions
-}
-
-const Options = Schema.Struct({
-  includeReasoning: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
-  parallelToolCalls: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
-  serviceTier: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  user: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-})
-
-export const protocol = Protocol.make({
-  id: "groq-chat",
-  body: {
-    schema: Schema.Struct({
-      ...OpenAIChat.bodyFields,
-      reasoning_format: Schema.optional(Schema.Literal("parsed")),
-      include_reasoning: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
-      parallel_tool_calls: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
-      service_tier: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-      user: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-    }),
-    from: Effect.fn("Groq.fromRequest")(function* (request: LLMRequest) {
-      const options = yield* ProviderShared.validateWith(Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(Options))(
-        request.providerOptions ?? {},
-      )
-      const gptOSS = request.model.id.startsWith("openai/gpt-oss-")
-      return {
-        ...(yield* OpenAIChat.fromRequest(request)),
-        reasoning_format: gptOSS ? undefined : ("parsed" as const),
-        include_reasoning: gptOSS ? options.includeReasoning : undefined,
-        parallel_tool_calls: options.parallelToolCalls,
-        service_tier: options.serviceTier,
-        user: options.user,
-      }
-    }),
-  },
-  stream: OpenAIChat.protocol.stream,
-})
-
-export const route = Route.make({
-  id: "groq-chat",
-  provider: id,
-  providerMetadataKey: "openai",
-  protocol,
-  endpoint: Endpoint.path("/chat/completions", { baseURL: profiles.groq.baseURL }),
-  framing: OpenAIChat.framing,
-})
-
-export const configure = (input: LanguageModelOptions = {}) => {
-  const { apiKey: _apiKey, auth: _auth, baseURL, ...defaults } = input
-  const configured = route.with({
-    ...defaults,
-    endpoint: { baseURL: baseURL ?? profiles.groq.baseURL },
-    auth: AuthOptions.bearer(input, "GROQ_API_KEY"),
-  })
-  return {
-    id,
-    model: (modelID: string | ModelID) =>
-      configured.model<ProviderOptions>({
-        id: modelID,
-        compatibility: {
-          maxTokensField: "max_completion_tokens",
-          reasoningField: "reasoning",
-          requireReasoning: false,
-          supportsStore: false,
-          supportsStrictMode: false,
-        },
-      }),
-    configure,
-  }
-}
-
-export const provider = configure()
-
-export const model: ProviderPackage.Definition<Settings, ProviderOptions>["model"] = (modelID, settings) =>
-  configure({
-    apiKey: settings.apiKey,
-    baseURL: settings.baseURL,
-    headers: settings.headers === undefined ? undefined : { ...settings.headers },
-    http: settings.body === undefined ? undefined : { body: { ...settings.body } },
-    providerOptions: settings.providerOptions,
-  }).model(modelID)
-
-export * as Groq from "./groq.js"
@@ -3,20 +3,16 @@ export * as AnthropicCompatible from "./anthropic-compatible.js"
 export * as AmazonBedrock from "./amazon-bedrock.js"
 export * as AmazonBedrockMantle from "./amazon-bedrock-mantle.js"
 export * as Azure from "./azure.js"
-export * as Cerebras from "./cerebras.js"
 export * as Cloudflare from "./cloudflare.js"
 export { CloudflareAIGateway, CloudflareWorkersAI } from "./cloudflare.js"
-export * as DeepInfra from "./deepinfra.js"
 export * as Google from "./google.js"
 export * as GoogleVertex from "./google-vertex.js"
 export * as GoogleVertexChat from "./google-vertex-chat.js"
 export * as GoogleVertexMessages from "./google-vertex-messages.js"
 export * as GoogleVertexResponses from "./google-vertex-responses.js"
-export * as Groq from "./groq.js"
 export * as OpenAI from "./openai.js"
 export * as OpenAICompatible from "./openai-compatible.js"
 export * as OpenAICompatibleResponses from "./openai-compatible-responses.js"
 export * as OpenRouter from "./openrouter.js"
-export * as TogetherAI from "./togetherai.js"
 export * as XAI from "./xai.js"
 export * as ZAI from "./zai.js"
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
 import { Route, type RouteDefaultsInput } from "../route/client.js"
 import { Endpoint } from "../route/endpoint.js"
+import { Framing } from "../route/framing.js"
 import { Protocol } from "../route/protocol.js"
 import { AuthOptions, type ProviderAuthOption } from "../route/auth-options.js"
 import { ProviderID, type CacheHint, type ModelID } from "../schema/index.js"
@@ -8,7 +9,7 @@ import type { ProviderPackage } from "../provider-package.js"
 import * as OpenAICompatibleProfiles from "./openai-compatible-profile.js"
 import * as OpenAIChat from "../protocols/openai-chat.js"
 import { newBreakpoints, ttlBucket } from "../protocols/utils/cache.js"
-import { isRecord } from "../protocols/shared.js"
+import { isRecord, ProviderShared } from "../protocols/shared.js"

 export const profile = OpenAICompatibleProfiles.profiles.openrouter
 export const id = ProviderID.make(profile.provider)
@@ -114,10 +115,12 @@ export const protocol = Protocol.make({
              reasoning_details: reasoningDetails,
            }
          })
+          const cacheKey = ProviderShared.clampPromptCacheKey(request.promptCacheKey)
          return {
            ...body,
            messages,
            ...bodyOptions(request.providerOptions),
+            ...(cacheKey ? { prompt_cache_key: cacheKey } : {}),
          } as OpenRouterBody
        }),
      ),
@@ -163,10 +166,9 @@ const bodyOptions = (input: unknown) => {
 export const route = Route.make({
  id: ADAPTER,
  provider: profile.provider,
-  providerMetadataKey: "openrouter",
  protocol,
  endpoint: Endpoint.path("/chat/completions", { baseURL: profile.baseURL }),
-  framing: OpenAIChat.framing,
+  framing: Framing.sse,
 })

 export const routes = [route]
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-import type { ProviderPackage } from "../provider-package.js"
-import { OpenAICompatibleChat } from "../protocols/openai-compatible-chat.js"
-import { AuthOptions, type ProviderAuthOption } from "../route/auth-options.js"
-import type { RouteDefaultsInput } from "../route/client.js"
-import { ProviderID, type ModelID } from "../schema/index.js"
-import { profiles } from "./openai-compatible-profile.js"
-import type { OpenAIProviderOptionsInput } from "./openai-options.js"
-
-export const id = ProviderID.make("togetherai")
-
-export type LanguageModelOptions = Omit<RouteDefaultsInput, "providerOptions"> &
-  ProviderAuthOption<"optional"> & {
-    readonly baseURL?: string
-    readonly providerOptions?: OpenAIProviderOptionsInput
-  }
-
-export interface Settings extends ProviderPackage.Settings {
-  readonly apiKey?: string
-  readonly baseURL?: string
-  readonly providerOptions?: OpenAIProviderOptionsInput
-}
-
-export const route = OpenAICompatibleChat.route.with({
-  id: "togetherai-chat",
-  provider: id,
-  endpoint: { baseURL: profiles.togetherai.baseURL },
-})
-
-export const routes = [route]
-
-export const configure = (input: LanguageModelOptions = {}) => {
-  const { apiKey: _apiKey, auth: _auth, baseURL, ...defaults } = input
-  const configured = route.with({
-    ...defaults,
-    endpoint: { baseURL: baseURL ?? profiles.togetherai.baseURL },
-    auth: AuthOptions.bearer(input, ["TOGETHER_API_KEY", "TOGETHER_AI_API_KEY"]),
-  })
-  return {
-    id,
-    model: (modelID: string | ModelID) =>
-      configured.model<OpenAIProviderOptionsInput>({
-        id: modelID,
-        compatibility: { maxTokensField: "max_tokens", supportsStore: false, supportsStrictMode: false },
-      }),
-    configure,
-  }
-}
-
-export const provider = configure()
-
-export const model: ProviderPackage.Definition<Settings, OpenAIProviderOptionsInput>["model"] = (modelID, settings) =>
-  configure({
-    apiKey: settings.apiKey,
-    baseURL: settings.baseURL,
-    headers: settings.headers === undefined ? undefined : { ...settings.headers },
-    http: settings.body === undefined ? undefined : { body: { ...settings.body } },
-    providerOptions: settings.providerOptions,
-  }).model(modelID)
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ const responsesRoute = Route.make({
    name: "xAI Responses",
    rotateAfterMs: RESPONSES_WEBSOCKET_ROTATE_AFTER_MS,
  }),
-  defaults: { providerOptions: { store: false, include: ["reasoning.encrypted_content"] } },
+  defaults: { providerOptions: { store: false } },
 })

 const chatRoute = Route.make({
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Config, Effect, Redacted } from "effect"
 import { Headers } from "effect/unstable/http"
-import { AuthenticationError, InvalidRequestError, AIError, type HttpOptions } from "../schema/index.js"
+import { AuthenticationReason, InvalidRequestReason, AIError, type HttpOptions } from "../schema/index.js"

 export class MissingCredentialError extends Error {
  readonly _tag = "MissingCredentialError"
@@ -137,10 +137,12 @@ export function bearerHeader(name: string, source?: Secret | Credential) {
 const toAIError = (error: AuthError): AIError => {
  if (error instanceof MissingCredentialError || error instanceof Config.ConfigError) {
    return new AIError({
+      module: "Auth",
+      method: "apply",
      reason:
        error instanceof MissingCredentialError
-          ? new AuthenticationError({ message: error.message, cause: error })
-          : new InvalidRequestError({ message: `Failed to resolve auth config: ${error.message}`, cause: error }),
+          ? new AuthenticationReason({ message: error.message, kind: "missing" })
+          : new InvalidRequestReason({ message: `Failed to resolve auth config: ${error.message}` }),
    })
  }
  return error
@@ -7,19 +7,17 @@ import { HttpTransport } from "./transport/index.js"
 import type { HttpMiddleware, Transport, TransportRuntime, WebSocketChannelExecutor } from "./transport/index.js"
 import type { Protocol } from "./protocol.js"
 import { applyCachePolicy } from "../cache-policy.js"
-import { sanitizeSurrogates } from "../utils/sanitize.js"
 import * as ProviderShared from "../protocols/shared.js"
 import type { ProtocolID, ProviderOptions } from "../schema/index.js"
 import {
  AIError,
-  AIErrorReason,
  GenerationOptions,
  HttpOptions,
  LLMRequest,
  LLMResponse,
  LanguageModel,
  LLMEvent,
-  InvalidProviderOutputError,
+  InvalidProviderOutputReason,
  ProviderID,
  mergeGenerationOptions,
  mergeHttpOptions,
@@ -90,7 +88,6 @@ export interface RouteDefaultsInput {
 export interface RoutePatch<Body, Prepared> extends RouteDefaultsInput {
  readonly id?: string
  readonly provider?: string | ProviderID
-  readonly providerMetadataKey?: string
  readonly auth?: Auth.Definition
  readonly transport?: Transport<Body, Prepared, unknown>
  readonly endpoint?: EndpointPatch<Body>
@@ -228,14 +225,16 @@ export interface MakeTransportInput<Body, Prepared, Frame, Event, State> {
 const streamError = (route: string, message: string, cause: Cause.Cause<unknown>) => {
  const failed = cause.reasons.find(Cause.isFailReason)?.error
  if (failed instanceof AIError) return failed
-  return ProviderShared.eventError(route, message, undefined, cause)
+  return ProviderShared.eventError(route, message, Cause.pretty(cause))
 }

 const incompleteStreamError = (route: string) =>
  new AIError({
-    reason: new InvalidProviderOutputError({
-      message: "The provider response ended unexpectedly.",
+    module: "LLMClient",
+    method: "stream",
+    reason: new InvalidProviderOutputReason({
      classification: "incomplete-stream",
+      message: "The provider response ended unexpectedly.",
      route,
    }),
  })
@@ -264,12 +263,11 @@ function makeFromTransport<Body, Prepared, Frame, Event, State>(
  const decodeEventEffect = Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(protocol.stream.event)
  const decodeEvent = (route: string) => (frame: Frame) =>
    decodeEventEffect(frame).pipe(
-      Effect.mapError((cause) =>
+      Effect.mapError(() =>
        ProviderShared.eventError(
          input.id,
          `Invalid ${route} stream event`,
          typeof frame === "string" ? frame : ProviderShared.encodeJson(frame),
-          cause,
        ),
      ),
    )
@@ -290,16 +288,11 @@ function makeFromTransport<Body, Prepared, Frame, Event, State>(
      defaults: routeInput.defaults ?? {},
      body: protocol.body,
      with: (patch: RoutePatch<Body, Prepared>) => {
-        const { id, provider, providerMetadataKey, auth, transport, endpoint, ...defaults } = patch
+        const { id, provider, auth, transport, endpoint, ...defaults } = patch
        return build({
          ...routeInput,
          id: id ?? routeInput.id,
          provider: provider ?? routeInput.provider,
-          providerMetadataKey:
-            providerMetadataKey ??
-            (provider !== undefined && String(provider) !== String(routeInput.provider)
-              ? String(provider)
-              : routeInput.providerMetadataKey),
          auth: auth ?? routeInput.auth,
          endpoint: endpoint ? Endpoint.merge(routeInput.endpoint, endpoint) : routeInput.endpoint,
          transport: (transport as Transport<Body, Prepared, Frame> | undefined) ?? routeInput.transport,
@@ -324,74 +317,18 @@ function makeFromTransport<Body, Prepared, Frame, Event, State>(
        return Stream.unwrap(
          routeInput.transport.execute(prepared, request, runtime, options).pipe(
            Effect.map((execution) => {
-              const terminal = protocol.stream.terminal
-              // Preserve assembled inputs; replace only serialized event fallbacks with their original wire data.
-              const frameError =
-                (frame: Frame, event: Frame | Event = frame) =>
-                (error: AIError) =>
-                  new AIError({
-                    reason: AIErrorReason.make({
-                      ...error.reason,
-                      message: error.reason.message,
-                      cause: error.reason.cause,
-                      body:
-                        error.reason.body !== undefined && error.reason.body !== ProviderShared.encodeJson(event)
-                          ? error.reason.body
-                          : (execution.body?.(frame) ??
-                            (typeof frame === "string" ? frame : ProviderShared.encodeJson(frame))),
-                    }),
-                  })
              const events = execution.frames.pipe(
-                Stream.mapEffect((frame) =>
-                  decodeEvent(route)(frame).pipe(
-                    Effect.catchCause((cause) =>
-                      Effect.fail(streamError(route, `Failed to decode ${route} event`, cause)),
-                    ),
-                    Effect.map((event) => ({ event, frame })),
-                    Effect.mapError(frameError(frame)),
-                  ),
-                ),
-                terminal ? Stream.takeUntil(({ event }) => terminal(event)) : (stream) => stream,
+                Stream.mapEffect(decodeEvent(route)),
+                protocol.stream.terminal ? Stream.takeUntil(protocol.stream.terminal) : (stream) => stream,
              )
-              const stream = Stream.suspend(() => {
-                let state = protocol.stream.initial(request)
-                const parsed = events.pipe(
-                  Stream.mapEffect(({ event, frame }) =>
-                    protocol.stream.step(state, event).pipe(
-                      Effect.catchCause((cause) =>
-                        Effect.fail(streamError(route, `Failed to parse ${route} event`, cause)),
-                      ),
-                      Effect.map(([next, output]) => {
-                        state = next
-                        return output
-                      }),
-                      Effect.mapError(frameError(frame, event)),
-                    ),
-                  ),
-                  Stream.flatMap(Stream.fromIterable),
-                )
-                const onHalt = protocol.stream.onHalt
-                return onHalt
-                  ? parsed.pipe(
-                      Stream.concat(
-                        Stream.suspend(() => Stream.unwrap(onHalt(state).pipe(Effect.map(Stream.fromIterable)))),
-                      ),
-                    )
-                  : parsed
-              }).pipe(
+              const stream = events.pipe(
+                Stream.mapAccumEffect(
+                  () => protocol.stream.initial(request),
+                  protocol.stream.step,
+                  protocol.stream.onHalt ? { onHalt: protocol.stream.onHalt } : undefined,
+                ),
                Stream.catchCause((cause) => Stream.fail(streamError(route, `Failed to read ${route} stream`, cause))),
                requireTerminalEvent(route),
-                Stream.mapError(
-                  (error) =>
-                    new AIError({
-                      reason: AIErrorReason.make({
-                        ...error.reason,
-                        message: error.reason.message,
-                        cause: error.reason.cause,
-                        http: error.reason.http ?? execution.http,
-                      }),
-                    }),
-                ),
              )
              return execution.complete ? stream.pipe(Stream.onEnd(execution.complete)) : stream
            }),
@@ -445,8 +382,7 @@ export function make<Body, Prepared, Frame, Event, State>(
 }

 const compile = Effect.fn("LLM.compile")(function* (request: LLMRequest, options?: StreamOptions) {
-  const original = applyCachePolicy(resolveRequestOptions(request))
-  const resolved = LLMRequest.update(original, sanitizeSurrogates({ ...LLMRequest.input(original), model: undefined }))
+  const resolved = applyCachePolicy(resolveRequestOptions(request))
  const route = resolved.model.route

  const body = yield* route.body
@@ -7,7 +7,14 @@ import {
  HttpClientRequest,
  HttpClientResponse,
 } from "effect/unstable/http"
-import { HttpContext, HttpRateLimitDetails, AIError, TransportError } from "../schema/index.js"
+import {
+  HttpContext,
+  HttpRateLimitDetails,
+  HttpRequestDetails,
+  HttpResponseDetails,
+  AIError,
+  TransportReason,
+} from "../schema/index.js"
 import { classifyProviderFailure } from "../provider-error.js"

 export interface Interface {
@@ -33,6 +40,17 @@ const headerDetails = (headers: Headers.Headers) =>
 const normalizedHeaders = (headers: Headers.Headers) =>
  Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(headers).map(([key, value]) => [key.toLowerCase(), value]))

+const requestId = (headers: Record<string, string>) => {
+  return (
+    headers["x-request-id"] ??
+    headers["request-id"] ??
+    headers["x-amzn-requestid"] ??
+    headers["x-amz-request-id"] ??
+    headers["x-goog-request-id"] ??
+    headers["cf-ray"]
+  )
+}
+
 const retryAfterMs = (headers: Record<string, string>) => {
  const millis = Number(headers["retry-after-ms"])
  if (Number.isFinite(millis)) return Math.max(0, millis)
@@ -90,13 +108,24 @@ const rateLimitDetails = (headers: Record<string, string>, retryAfter: number |
  })
 }

-export const responseHttp = (response: HttpClientResponse.HttpClientResponse) =>
-  new HttpContext({
-    url: response.request.url,
+const requestDetails = (request: HttpClientRequest.HttpClientRequest) =>
+  new HttpRequestDetails({
+    method: request.method,
+    url: request.url,
+    headers: headerDetails(request.headers),
+  })
+
+const responseDetails = (response: HttpClientResponse.HttpClientResponse) =>
+  new HttpResponseDetails({
    status: response.status,
    headers: headerDetails(response.headers),
  })

+const responseBody = (body: string | void) => {
+  if (body === undefined) return {}
+  return { body }
+}
+
 const decodeProviderBody = Schema.decodeUnknownOption(
  Schema.fromJsonString(
    Schema.Struct({
@@ -114,46 +143,81 @@ const providerMessage = (status: number, body: string | void) => {
  )
 }

-const statusError = (response: HttpClientResponse.HttpClientResponse) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
-    if (response.status < 400) return response
-    const result = yield* response.text.pipe(Effect.result)
-    return yield* httpFailure({
-      message: providerMessage(response.status, result._tag === "Success" ? result.success : undefined),
-      url: response.request.url,
-      status: response.status,
-      responseHeaders: headerDetails(response.headers),
-      responseBody: result._tag === "Success" ? result.success : undefined,
-      cause: result._tag === "Failure" ? (result.failure.cause ?? result.failure) : undefined,
-    })
+const responseHttp = (input: {
+  readonly request: HttpClientRequest.HttpClientRequest
+  readonly response: HttpClientResponse.HttpClientResponse
+  readonly body: ReturnType<typeof responseBody>
+  readonly requestId?: string | undefined
+  readonly rateLimit?: HttpRateLimitDetails | undefined
+}) =>
+  new HttpContext({
+    request: requestDetails(input.request),
+    response: responseDetails(input.response),
+    ...input.body,
+    requestId: input.requestId,
+    rateLimit: input.rateLimit,
  })

-/** Preserve HTTP diagnostics for executor and externally captured failures alike. */
-export const httpFailure = (input: {
+const statusError =
+  (request: HttpClientRequest.HttpClientRequest) => (response: HttpClientResponse.HttpClientResponse) =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      if (response.status < 400) return response
+      const body = yield* response.text.pipe(Effect.catch(() => Effect.void))
+      const headers = normalizedHeaders(response.headers)
+      const retryAfter = retryAfterMs(headers)
+      const rateLimit = rateLimitDetails(headers, retryAfter)
+      const details = responseBody(body)
+      return yield* new AIError({
+        module: "RequestExecutor",
+        method: "execute",
+        reason: classifyProviderFailure({
+          status: response.status,
+          message: providerMessage(response.status, body),
+          retryAfterMs: retryAfter,
+          rateLimit,
+          http: responseHttp({
+            request,
+            response,
+            body: details,
+            requestId: requestId(headers),
+            rateLimit,
+          }),
+        }),
+      })
+    })
+
+// Classifies an HTTP failure captured outside the executor (for example by the
+// AI SDK's own fetch) onto the same reason types and HttpContext that
+// executor-driven requests produce. The originating request is not available on
+// that path, so the method is assumed (language model calls are always POST),
+// request headers are empty.
+export const classifyHttpFailure = (input: {
  readonly message: string
-  readonly url?: string | undefined
+  readonly url: string
  readonly status?: number | undefined
-  readonly data?: unknown
+  readonly code?: string | undefined
  readonly responseHeaders?: Record<string, string> | undefined
  readonly responseBody?: string | undefined
-  readonly cause?: unknown
 }) => {
  const headers = normalizedHeaders(Headers.fromInput(input.responseHeaders))
  const retryAfter = retryAfterMs(headers)
  const rateLimit = rateLimitDetails(headers, retryAfter)
-  return new AIError({
-    reason: classifyProviderFailure({
-      message: input.message,
-      status: input.status,
-      data: input.data,
-      rawBody: input.responseBody,
-      retryAfterMs: retryAfter,
-      rateLimit,
-      cause: input.cause,
-      http:
-        input.status === undefined || input.url === undefined
+  const details = responseBody(input.responseBody)
+  return classifyProviderFailure({
+    message: input.message,
+    status: input.status,
+    code: input.code,
+    retryAfterMs: retryAfter,
+    rateLimit,
+    http: new HttpContext({
+      request: new HttpRequestDetails({ method: "POST", url: input.url, headers: {} }),
+      response:
+        input.status === undefined
          ? undefined
-          : new HttpContext({ url: input.url, status: input.status, headers }),
+          : new HttpResponseDetails({ status: input.status, headers: headerDetails(Headers.fromInput(headers)) }),
+      ...details,
+      requestId: requestId(headers),
+      rateLimit,
    }),
  })
 }
@@ -180,25 +244,25 @@ const httpError = (input: {
  readonly error: unknown
  readonly request: HttpClientRequest.HttpClientRequest
  readonly operation: HttpOperation
-  readonly http?: HttpContext
 }) => {
  const request = HttpClientError.isHttpClientError(input.error) ? input.error.request : input.request
  const transportError = (failure: { readonly message: string; readonly code?: string | undefined }) =>
    new AIError({
-      reason: new TransportError({
+      module: "RequestExecutor",
+      method: input.operation,
+      reason: new TransportReason({
        message: failure.message,
-        cause: source,
-        http: input.http,
        transport: "http",
        operation: input.operation,
        code: failure.code,
        url: request.url,
+        http: new HttpContext({ request: requestDetails(request) }),
      }),
    })

  const source =
    HttpClientError.isHttpClientError(input.error) && "cause" in input.error.reason
-      ? (input.error.reason.cause ?? input.error)
+      ? input.error.reason.cause
      : input.error
  const native = nativeTransportFailure(source)
  const code = native?.code
@@ -222,13 +286,6 @@ const httpError = (input: {
  })
 }

-export const responseStream = (response: HttpClientResponse.HttpClientResponse): Stream.Stream<Uint8Array, AIError> =>
-  response.stream.pipe(
-    Stream.mapError((error) =>
-      httpError({ error, request: response.request, operation: "read", http: responseHttp(response) }),
-    ),
-  )
-
 export const stream = (
  executor: Interface,
  request: HttpClientRequest.HttpClientRequest,
@@ -237,7 +294,9 @@ export const stream = (
  Stream.unwrap(
    Effect.gen(function* () {
      const response = yield* executor.execute(request, middleware)
-      return responseStream(response)
+      return response.stream.pipe(
+        Stream.mapError((error) => httpError({ error, request: response.request, operation: "read" })),
+      )
    }),
  )

@@ -250,7 +309,7 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, HttpClient.HttpClient> = Layer.e
        if (!middleware)
          return yield* http.execute(request).pipe(
            Effect.mapError((error) => httpError({ error, request, operation: "request" })),
-            Effect.flatMap(statusError),
+            Effect.flatMap(statusError(request)),
          )

        const response = yield* middleware(request, (input) =>
@@ -258,7 +317,7 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, HttpClient.HttpClient> = Layer.e
            .execute(input)
            .pipe(Effect.mapError((cause) => (cause instanceof Error ? cause : new Error(String(cause))))),
        ).pipe(Effect.mapError((error) => httpError({ error, request, operation: "request" })))
-        return yield* statusError(response)
+        return yield* statusError(response.request)(response)
      })
    return Service.of({
      execute: executeOnce,
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import type { AIError } from "../schema/index.js"
 * `Framing` is the byte-stream-shaped seam between transport and protocol:
 *
 * - SSE (`Framing.sse`) — UTF-8 decode the body, run the SSE channel decoder,
- *   and emit the `data:` payload of each non-empty event. The default drops
- *   `[DONE]`; protocols that use it as a terminal select `sseWithDone`.
+ *   drop empty / `[DONE]` keep-alives. Each emitted frame is the JSON `data:`
+ *   payload of one event.
 * - AWS event stream — length-prefixed binary frames with CRC checksums.
 *   Each emitted frame is one parsed binary event record.
 *
@@ -19,19 +19,11 @@ import type { AIError } from "../schema/index.js"
 export interface Definition<Frame> {
  readonly id: string
  readonly frame: (bytes: Stream.Stream<Uint8Array, AIError>) => Stream.Stream<Frame, AIError>
-  /** Original wire representation when framing transforms the provider payload. */
-  readonly body?: (frame: Frame) => string | undefined
 }

 /** Server-Sent Events framing. Used by every JSON-streaming HTTP provider. */
 export const sse: Definition<string> = { id: "sse", frame: ProviderShared.sseFraming }

-/** Server-Sent Events framing that retains the conventional `[DONE]` sentinel. */
-export const sseWithDone: Definition<string> = {
-  id: "sse",
-  frame: (bytes) => ProviderShared.sseFraming(bytes, undefined, true),
-}
-
 /** SSE framing restricted to protocol-recognized event names. */
 export const sseEvents = (events: ReadonlySet<string>): Definition<string> => ({
  id: "sse",
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ export interface ProtocolStream<Frame, Event, State> {
  readonly step: (state: State, event: Event) => Effect.Effect<readonly [State, ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent>], AIError>
  /** Optional request-completion signal for transports that do not end naturally. */
  readonly terminal?: (event: Event) => boolean
-  /** Optional effectful flush emitted when the framed stream ends. */
-  readonly onHalt?: (state: State) => Effect.Effect<ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent>, AIError>
+  /** Optional flush emitted when the framed stream ends. */
+  readonly onHalt?: (state: State) => ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent>
 }

 /**
@@ -88,13 +88,8 @@ export const httpJson = <Body, Frame>(input: HttpJsonInput<Body, Frame>): HttpJs
      }
    }),
  execute: (prepared, _request, runtime) =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const response = yield* runtime.http.execute(prepared.request, prepared.middleware)
-      return {
-        frames: prepared.framing.frame(RequestExecutor.responseStream(response)),
-        http: RequestExecutor.responseHttp(response),
-        body: prepared.framing.body,
-      }
+    Effect.succeed({
+      frames: prepared.framing.frame(RequestExecutor.stream(runtime.http, prepared.request, prepared.middleware)),
    }),
 })

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { Endpoint } from "../endpoint.js"
 import { Auth } from "../auth.js"
 import type { HttpMiddleware, Interface as RequestExecutorInterface } from "../executor.js"
 import type { WebSocketChannelExecutor } from "./websocket-channel.js"
-import type { AIError, HttpContext, LLMRequest } from "../../schema/index.js"
+import type { AIError, LLMRequest } from "../../schema/index.js"

 export interface TransportRuntime {
  readonly http: RequestExecutorInterface
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ export interface TransportRuntime {

 export interface TransportExecution<Frame> {
  readonly frames: Stream.Stream<Frame, AIError>
-  readonly http?: HttpContext
-  body?(frame: Frame): string | undefined
  /** Optional successful-consumption acknowledgement. HTTP leaves this absent. */
  readonly complete?: Effect.Effect<void>
 }
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { Effect, Scope, Stream } from "effect"
 import type { Headers } from "effect/unstable/http"
-import type { AIError, HttpContext } from "../../schema/index.js"
+import type { AIError } from "../../schema/index.js"

 export interface WebSocketChannelExecutor {
  readonly execute: (
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ export interface WebSocketChannelExecutor {

 export interface WebSocketChannelExecution {
  readonly frames: Stream.Stream<string, AIError>
-  readonly http?: HttpContext
  /** Commits staged state after the decoded Route stream ends successfully. */
  readonly complete: Effect.Effect<void>
 }
@@ -1,13 +1,7 @@
 import { Cause, Effect, Queue, Stream } from "effect"
 import { Headers } from "effect/unstable/http"
 import { Socket } from "effect/unstable/socket"
-import {
-  AIError,
-  AIErrorReason,
-  TransportError,
-  type HttpContext,
-  type TransportOperation,
-} from "../../schema/index.js"
+import { AIError, TransportReason, type TransportOperation } from "../../schema/index.js"
 import * as HttpTransport from "./http.js"
 import type { Transport } from "./index.js"
 import type {
@@ -23,7 +17,6 @@ export interface WebSocketRequest {
 }

 export interface WebSocketConnection {
-  readonly http?: HttpContext
  readonly sendText: (message: string) => Effect.Effect<void, AIError>
  readonly messages: Stream.Stream<string | Uint8Array, AIError>
  readonly close: Effect.Effect<void, never>
@@ -40,22 +33,21 @@ type WebSocketConstructorWithHeaders = (

 const MAX_FRAME_BYTES = 16 * 1024 * 1024
 const transportError = (
+  method: string,
  message: string,
  input: {
    readonly operation: TransportOperation
    readonly url?: string
    readonly code?: string
-    readonly phase?: TransportError["phase"]
-    readonly delivery?: TransportError["delivery"]
-    readonly body?: string
-    readonly cause?: unknown
+    readonly phase?: TransportReason["phase"]
+    readonly delivery?: TransportReason["delivery"]
  },
 ) =>
  new AIError({
-    reason: new TransportError({
+    module: "WebSocketConnector",
+    method,
+    reason: new TransportReason({
      message,
-      body: input.body,
-      cause: input.cause,
      transport: "websocket",
      operation: input.operation,
      url: input.url,
@@ -67,16 +59,22 @@ const transportError = (

 const annotateTransportError = (
  error: AIError,
-  input: { readonly phase: TransportError["phase"]; readonly delivery: TransportError["delivery"] },
+  input: { readonly phase: TransportReason["phase"]; readonly delivery: TransportReason["delivery"] },
 ) =>
  error.reason._tag === "Transport"
    ? new AIError({
-        reason: new TransportError({
-          ...error.reason,
+        module: error.module,
+        method: error.method,
+        reason: new TransportReason({
          message: error.reason.message,
-          cause: error.reason.cause,
+          transport: error.reason.transport,
+          operation: error.reason.operation,
+          code: error.reason.code,
+          url: error.reason.url,
+          http: error.reason.http,
          phase: input.phase,
          delivery: input.delivery,
+          recovery: error.reason.recovery,
        }),
      })
    : error
@@ -97,7 +95,7 @@ const waitOpen = (ws: globalThis.WebSocket, input: WebSocketRequest) => {
  if (ws.readyState === globalThis.WebSocket.OPEN) return Effect.void
  if (ws.readyState === globalThis.WebSocket.CLOSING || ws.readyState === globalThis.WebSocket.CLOSED) {
    return Effect.fail(
-      transportError(`WebSocket closed before opening (state ${ws.readyState})`, {
+      transportError("open", `WebSocket closed before opening (state ${ws.readyState})`, {
        url: input.url,
        operation: "request",
        code: "closed",
@@ -126,8 +124,7 @@ const waitOpen = (ws: globalThis.WebSocket, input: WebSocketRequest) => {
      cleanup()
      resume(
        Effect.fail(
-          transportError(`Failed to open WebSocket: ${eventMessage(event)}`, {
-            cause: "error" in event ? (event.error ?? event) : event,
+          transportError("open", `Failed to open WebSocket: ${eventMessage(event)}`, {
            url: input.url,
            operation: "request",
            phase: "connect",
@@ -140,9 +137,7 @@ const waitOpen = (ws: globalThis.WebSocket, input: WebSocketRequest) => {
      cleanup()
      resume(
        Effect.fail(
-          transportError(`WebSocket closed before opening with code ${event.code}`, {
-            body: event.reason,
-            cause: event,
+          transportError("open", `WebSocket closed before opening with code ${event.code}`, {
            url: input.url,
            operation: "request",
            code: String(event.code),
@@ -174,8 +169,7 @@ export const toWebSocketUrl = (value: string) =>
      throw new Error(`Unsupported WebSocket URL protocol ${url.protocol}`)
    },
    catch: (error) =>
-      transportError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : "Invalid WebSocket URL", {
-        cause: error,
+      transportError("prepare", error instanceof Error ? error.message : "Invalid WebSocket URL", {
        url: value,
        operation: "request",
        code: "invalid-url",
@@ -195,8 +189,7 @@ export const open = (input: WebSocketRequest) =>
          headers: input.headers,
        }),
      catch: (error) =>
-        transportError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : "Failed to construct WebSocket", {
-          cause: error,
+        transportError("open", error instanceof Error ? error.message : "Failed to construct WebSocket", {
          url: input.url,
          operation: "request",
          phase: "connect",
@@ -221,8 +214,7 @@ export const fromWebSocket = (
      Queue.failCauseUnsafe(
        messages,
        Cause.fail(
-          transportError("WebSocket message exceeds the 16 MiB limit", {
-            body: typeof message === "string" ? message : new TextDecoder().decode(message),
+          transportError("message", "WebSocket message exceeds the 16 MiB limit", {
            url: input.url,
            operation: "read",
            code: "message-too-large",
@@ -239,8 +231,7 @@ export const fromWebSocket = (
      Queue.failCauseUnsafe(
        messages,
        Cause.fail(
-          transportError("WebSocket inbound queue overflow", {
-            body: typeof message === "string" ? message : new TextDecoder().decode(message),
+          transportError("message", "WebSocket inbound queue overflow", {
            url: input.url,
            operation: "read",
            code: "queue-overflow",
@@ -257,8 +248,7 @@ export const fromWebSocket = (
      Queue.failCauseUnsafe(
        messages,
        Cause.fail(
-          transportError("Unsupported WebSocket message payload", {
-            cause: event,
+          transportError("message", "Unsupported WebSocket message payload", {
            url: input.url,
            operation: "read",
            code: "message",
@@ -271,8 +261,7 @@ export const fromWebSocket = (
      Queue.failCauseUnsafe(
        messages,
        Cause.fail(
-          transportError(`WebSocket error: ${eventMessage(event)}`, {
-            cause: "error" in event ? (event.error ?? event) : event,
+          transportError("message", `WebSocket error: ${eventMessage(event)}`, {
            url: input.url,
            operation: "read",
            code: "message",
@@ -285,9 +274,7 @@ export const fromWebSocket = (
      Queue.failCauseUnsafe(
        messages,
        Cause.fail(
-          transportError(`WebSocket closed with code ${event.code}`, {
-            body: event.reason,
-            cause: event,
+          transportError("message", `WebSocket closed with code ${event.code}`, {
            url: input.url,
            operation: "read",
            code: String(event.code),
@@ -311,7 +298,7 @@ export const fromWebSocket = (
        Effect.suspend(() => {
          if (ws.readyState !== globalThis.WebSocket.OPEN)
            return Effect.fail(
-              transportError(`WebSocket is not open (state ${ws.readyState})`, {
+              transportError("sendText", `WebSocket is not open (state ${ws.readyState})`, {
                url: input.url,
                operation: "write",
                phase: "send",
@@ -321,8 +308,7 @@ export const fromWebSocket = (
          return Effect.try({
            try: () => ws.send(message),
            catch: (error) =>
-              transportError(error instanceof Error ? error.message : "Failed to send WebSocket message", {
-                cause: error,
+              transportError("sendText", error instanceof Error ? error.message : "Failed to send WebSocket message", {
                url: input.url,
                operation: "write",
                phase: "send",
@@ -363,23 +349,10 @@ export const makeDirect = (connector: WebSocketConnector): WebSocketChannelExecu
        (connection) => connection.close,
      )
      const create = yield* exchange.driver.create(undefined)
-      yield* connection.sendText(create.message).pipe(
-        Effect.mapError(
-          (error) =>
-            new AIError({
-              reason: AIErrorReason.make({
-                ...error.reason,
-                message: error.reason.message,
-                cause: error.reason.cause,
-                http: error.reason.http ?? connection.http,
-              }),
-            }),
-        ),
-      )
+      yield* connection.sendText(create.message)
      const decoder = new TextDecoder()
      let observed = false
      return {
-        http: connection.http,
        frames: connection.messages.pipe(
          Stream.map((message) => {
            observed = true
@@ -391,49 +364,9 @@ export const makeDirect = (connector: WebSocketConnector): WebSocketChannelExecu
              delivery: observed ? "accepted" : "ambiguous",
            }),
          ),
-          Stream.mapEffect((frame) =>
-            exchange.driver.observe(create, frame).pipe(
-              Effect.mapError(
-                (error) =>
-                  new AIError({
-                    reason: AIErrorReason.make({
-                      ...error.reason,
-                      message: error.reason.message,
-                      cause: error.reason.cause,
-                      body: frame,
-                    }),
-                  }),
-              ),
-              Effect.map((observation) =>
-                "error" in observation
-                  ? {
-                      ...observation,
-                      error: new AIError({
-                        reason: AIErrorReason.make({
-                          ...observation.error.reason,
-                          message: observation.error.reason.message,
-                          cause: observation.error.reason.cause,
-                          body: frame,
-                        }),
-                      }),
-                    }
-                  : observation,
-              ),
-            ),
-          ),
+          Stream.mapEffect((frame) => exchange.driver.observe(create, frame)),
          Stream.takeUntil(observationTerminal),
          Stream.mapEffect(observationFrame),
-          Stream.mapError(
-            (error) =>
-              new AIError({
-                reason: AIErrorReason.make({
-                  ...error.reason,
-                  message: error.reason.message,
-                  cause: error.reason.cause,
-                  http: error.reason.http ?? connection.http,
-                }),
-              }),
-          ),
        ),
        complete: Effect.void,
      }
@@ -484,7 +417,7 @@ export const json = <Body, Message>(input: JsonInput<Body, Message>): JsonTransp
    const webSocket = options?.webSocket
    if (!webSocket) {
      return Effect.fail(
-        transportError("WebSocket JSON transport requires StreamOptions.webSocket", {
+        transportError("json", "WebSocket JSON transport requires StreamOptions.webSocket", {
          url: prepared.url,
          operation: "request",
          code: "unavailable",
@@ -502,7 +435,7 @@ export const json = <Body, Message>(input: JsonInput<Body, Message>): JsonTransp
      connect: { url: prepared.url, headers: prepared.headers },
      fallback: () =>
        Stream.fail(
-          transportError("WebSocket JSON transport does not provide HTTP fallback", {
+          transportError("fallback", "WebSocket JSON transport does not provide HTTP fallback", {
            url: prepared.url,
            operation: "request",
            code: "websocket",
@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
 import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { Tool } from "@opencode-ai/schema/tool"
 import { ModelID, ProviderID, RouteID } from "./ids.js"
+import { ProviderMetadata } from "./messages.js"

 export const ProviderFailureClassification = Schema.Literals(["context-overflow", "payload-too-large"])
 export type ProviderFailureClassification = typeof ProviderFailureClassification.Type

-export class HttpContext extends Schema.Class<HttpContext>("AI.HttpContext")({
+export class HttpRequestDetails extends Schema.Class<HttpRequestDetails>("AI.HttpRequestDetails")({
+  method: Schema.String,
  url: Schema.String,
-  status: Schema.Int.check(Schema.isBetween({ minimum: 100, maximum: 599 })),
+  headers: Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.String),
+}) {}
+
+export class HttpResponseDetails extends Schema.Class<HttpResponseDetails>("AI.HttpResponseDetails")({
+  status: Schema.Number,
  headers: Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.String),
 }) {}

@@ -18,58 +24,74 @@ export class HttpRateLimitDetails extends Schema.Class<HttpRateLimitDetails>("AI
  reset: Schema.optional(Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.String)),
 }) {}

-const ReasonFields = {
-  message: Schema.String,
-  // Preserve the complete original response or triggering event before decoding narrows it.
+export class HttpContext extends Schema.Class<HttpContext>("AI.HttpContext")({
+  request: HttpRequestDetails,
+  response: Schema.optional(HttpResponseDetails),
  body: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  http: Schema.optional(HttpContext),
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect({ includeStack: true })),
-}
-
-export class InvalidRequestError extends Schema.TaggedError<InvalidRequestError>("AI.Error.InvalidRequest")(
-  "InvalidRequest",
-  {
-    ...ReasonFields,
-    parameter: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-    classification: Schema.optional(ProviderFailureClassification),
-  },
-) {}
-
-export class NoRouteError extends Schema.TaggedError<NoRouteError>("AI.Error.NoRoute")("NoRoute", {
-  ...ReasonFields,
-  route: RouteID,
-  provider: ProviderID,
-  model: ModelID,
-}) {}
-
-export class AuthenticationError extends Schema.TaggedError<AuthenticationError>("AI.Error.Authentication")(
-  "Authentication",
-  ReasonFields,
-) {}
-
-export class RateLimitError extends Schema.TaggedError<RateLimitError>("AI.Error.RateLimit")("RateLimit", {
-  ...ReasonFields,
-  retryAfterMs: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
+  bodyTruncated: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  requestId: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
  rateLimit: Schema.optional(HttpRateLimitDetails),
 }) {}

-export class QuotaExceededError extends Schema.TaggedError<QuotaExceededError>("AI.Error.QuotaExceeded")(
-  "QuotaExceeded",
-  ReasonFields,
-) {}
+export class InvalidRequestReason extends Schema.Class<InvalidRequestReason>("AI.Error.InvalidRequest")({
+  _tag: Schema.tag("InvalidRequest"),
+  message: Schema.String,
+  parameter: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  classification: Schema.optional(ProviderFailureClassification),
+  providerMetadata: Schema.optional(ProviderMetadata),
+  http: Schema.optional(HttpContext),
+}) {}

-export class ContentPolicyError extends Schema.TaggedError<ContentPolicyError>("AI.Error.ContentPolicy")(
-  "ContentPolicy",
-  ReasonFields,
-) {}
+export class NoRouteReason extends Schema.Class<NoRouteReason>("AI.Error.NoRoute")({
+  _tag: Schema.tag("NoRoute"),
+  route: RouteID,
+  provider: ProviderID,
+  model: ModelID,
+}) {
+  get message() {
+    return `No AI route for ${this.provider}/${this.model} using ${this.route}`
+  }
+}

-export class ProviderInternalError extends Schema.TaggedError<ProviderInternalError>("AI.Error.ProviderInternal")(
-  "ProviderInternal",
-  {
-    ...ReasonFields,
-    retryAfterMs: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
-  },
-) {}
+export class AuthenticationReason extends Schema.Class<AuthenticationReason>("AI.Error.Authentication")({
+  _tag: Schema.tag("Authentication"),
+  message: Schema.String,
+  kind: Schema.Literals(["missing", "invalid", "expired", "insufficient-permissions", "unknown"]),
+  providerMetadata: Schema.optional(ProviderMetadata),
+  http: Schema.optional(HttpContext),
+}) {}
+
+export class RateLimitReason extends Schema.Class<RateLimitReason>("AI.Error.RateLimit")({
+  _tag: Schema.tag("RateLimit"),
+  message: Schema.String,
+  retryAfterMs: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
+  rateLimit: Schema.optional(HttpRateLimitDetails),
+  providerMetadata: Schema.optional(ProviderMetadata),
+  http: Schema.optional(HttpContext),
+}) {}
+
+export class QuotaExceededReason extends Schema.Class<QuotaExceededReason>("AI.Error.QuotaExceeded")({
+  _tag: Schema.tag("QuotaExceeded"),
+  message: Schema.String,
+  providerMetadata: Schema.optional(ProviderMetadata),
+  http: Schema.optional(HttpContext),
+}) {}
+
+export class ContentPolicyReason extends Schema.Class<ContentPolicyReason>("AI.Error.ContentPolicy")({
+  _tag: Schema.tag("ContentPolicy"),
+  message: Schema.String,
+  providerMetadata: Schema.optional(ProviderMetadata),
+  http: Schema.optional(HttpContext),
+}) {}
+
+export class ProviderInternalReason extends Schema.Class<ProviderInternalReason>("AI.Error.ProviderInternal")({
+  _tag: Schema.tag("ProviderInternal"),
+  message: Schema.String,
+  status: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
+  retryAfterMs: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
+  providerMetadata: Schema.optional(ProviderMetadata),
+  http: Schema.optional(HttpContext),
+}) {}

 export const TransportType = Schema.Literals(["http", "websocket"])
 export type TransportType = typeof TransportType.Type
@@ -77,12 +99,14 @@ export type TransportType = typeof TransportType.Type
 export const TransportOperation = Schema.Literals(["request", "read", "write"])
 export type TransportOperation = typeof TransportOperation.Type

-export class TransportError extends Schema.TaggedError<TransportError>("AI.Error.Transport")("Transport", {
-  ...ReasonFields,
+export class TransportReason extends Schema.Class<TransportReason>("AI.Error.Transport")({
+  _tag: Schema.tag("Transport"),
+  message: Schema.String,
  transport: TransportType,
  operation: TransportOperation,
  code: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
  url: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  http: Schema.optional(HttpContext),
  phase: Schema.optional(
    Schema.Literals(["prepare", "queue", "connect", "send", "receive", "decode", "complete", "fallback", "close"]),
  ),
@@ -92,40 +116,51 @@ export class TransportError extends Schema.TaggedError<TransportError>("AI.Error
  ),
 }) {}

-export class InvalidProviderOutputError extends Schema.TaggedError<InvalidProviderOutputError>(
+export class InvalidProviderOutputReason extends Schema.Class<InvalidProviderOutputReason>(
  "AI.Error.InvalidProviderOutput",
-)("InvalidProviderOutput", {
-  ...ReasonFields,
+)({
+  _tag: Schema.tag("InvalidProviderOutput"),
+  message: Schema.String,
  classification: Schema.optional(Schema.Literals(["incomplete-stream"])),
  route: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  raw: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  providerMetadata: Schema.optional(ProviderMetadata),
 }) {}

-export class UnknownProviderError extends Schema.TaggedError<UnknownProviderError>("AI.Error.UnknownProvider")(
-  "UnknownProvider",
-  ReasonFields,
-) {}
+export class UnknownProviderReason extends Schema.Class<UnknownProviderReason>("AI.Error.UnknownProvider")({
+  _tag: Schema.tag("UnknownProvider"),
+  message: Schema.String,
+  status: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
+  providerMetadata: Schema.optional(ProviderMetadata),
+  http: Schema.optional(HttpContext),
+}) {}

 export const AIErrorReason = Schema.Union([
-  InvalidRequestError,
-  NoRouteError,
-  AuthenticationError,
-  RateLimitError,
-  QuotaExceededError,
-  ContentPolicyError,
-  ProviderInternalError,
-  TransportError,
-  InvalidProviderOutputError,
-  UnknownProviderError,
+  InvalidRequestReason,
+  NoRouteReason,
+  AuthenticationReason,
+  RateLimitReason,
+  QuotaExceededReason,
+  ContentPolicyReason,
+  ProviderInternalReason,
+  TransportReason,
+  InvalidProviderOutputReason,
+  UnknownProviderReason,
 ]).pipe(Schema.toTaggedUnion("_tag"))
 export type AIErrorReason = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof AIErrorReason>

 export class AIError extends Schema.TaggedError<AIError>()("AI.Error", {
+  module: Schema.String,
+  method: Schema.String,
  reason: AIErrorReason,
+  // Raw provider payload as a string, so classified failures never lose the
+  // original error detail even when the pretty message is a summary.
+  body: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
 }) {
  override readonly cause = this.reason

-  override get message(): string {
-    return this.reason.message
+  override get message() {
+    return `${this.module}.${this.method}: ${this.reason.message}`
  }
 }

@@ -112,8 +112,6 @@ export type TextDelta = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof TextDelta>
 export const TextEnd = Schema.Struct({
  type: Schema.tag("text-end"),
  id: ContentBlockID,
-  /** Authoritative complete value; replaces accumulated deltas when present. */
-  text: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
  providerMetadata: Schema.optional(ProviderMetadata),
 }).annotate({ identifier: "LLM.Event.TextEnd" })
 export type TextEnd = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof TextEnd>
@@ -136,8 +134,6 @@ export type ReasoningDelta = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof ReasoningDelta>
 export const ReasoningEnd = Schema.Struct({
  type: Schema.tag("reasoning-end"),
  id: ContentBlockID,
-  /** Authoritative complete value; replaces accumulated deltas when present. */
-  text: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
  providerMetadata: Schema.optional(ProviderMetadata),
 }).annotate({ identifier: "LLM.Event.ReasoningEnd" })
 export type ReasoningEnd = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof ReasoningEnd>
@@ -156,8 +152,6 @@ export const ToolInputDelta = Schema.Struct({
  id: ToolCallID,
  name: Schema.String,
  text: Schema.String,
-  /** Best-effort parse of all input fragments received through this delta. */
-  input: Schema.optional(Schema.Unknown),
 }).annotate({ identifier: "LLM.Event.ToolInputDelta" })
 export type ToolInputDelta = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof ToolInputDelta>

@@ -332,32 +326,17 @@ export const LLMEvent = Object.assign(llmEventTagged, {
 })
 export type LLMEvent = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof llmEventTagged>

-/** Joins deltas per fragment, letting an authoritative end value replace that fragment's accumulated deltas. */
-const joinFragments = <Delta extends { id: string; text: string }, End extends { id: string; text?: string }>(
-  events: ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent>,
-  isDelta: (event: LLMEvent) => event is Extract<LLMEvent, Delta>,
-  isEnd: (event: LLMEvent) => event is Extract<LLMEvent, End>,
-) => {
-  const order: string[] = []
-  const parts = new Map<string, string>()
-  for (const event of events) {
-    if (isDelta(event)) {
-      if (!parts.has(event.id)) order.push(event.id)
-      parts.set(event.id, (parts.get(event.id) ?? "") + event.text)
-    }
-    if (isEnd(event) && event.text !== undefined) {
-      if (!parts.has(event.id)) order.push(event.id)
-      parts.set(event.id, event.text)
-    }
-  }
-  return order.map((id) => parts.get(id)).join("")
-}
-
 const responseText = (events: ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent>) =>
-  joinFragments(events, LLMEvent.is.textDelta, LLMEvent.is.textEnd)
+  events
+    .filter(LLMEvent.is.textDelta)
+    .map((event) => event.text)
+    .join("")

 const responseReasoning = (events: ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent>) =>
-  joinFragments(events, LLMEvent.is.reasoningDelta, LLMEvent.is.reasoningEnd)
+  events
+    .filter(LLMEvent.is.reasoningDelta)
+    .map((event) => event.text)
+    .join("")

 const responseUsage = (events: ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent>) =>
  events.reduce<Usage | undefined>(
@@ -464,11 +443,10 @@ const reduceTextDelta = (state: ResponseState, event: TextDelta): ResponseState
 const reduceTextEnd = (state: ResponseState, event: TextEnd): ResponseState => {
  const current = state.textParts[event.id]
  if (!current) return state
-  const text = event.text ?? current.text
  const providerMetadata = event.providerMetadata ?? current.providerMetadata
  return {
-    ...replaceContent(state, current.contentIndex, textContent(text, providerMetadata)),
-    textParts: { ...state.textParts, [event.id]: { ...current, text, providerMetadata } },
+    ...replaceContent(state, current.contentIndex, textContent(current.text, providerMetadata)),
+    textParts: { ...state.textParts, [event.id]: { ...current, providerMetadata } },
  }
 }

@@ -498,11 +476,10 @@ const reduceReasoningDelta = (state: ResponseState, event: ReasoningDelta): Resp
 const reduceReasoningEnd = (state: ResponseState, event: ReasoningEnd): ResponseState => {
  const current = state.reasoningParts[event.id]
  if (!current) return state
-  const text = event.text ?? current.text
  const providerMetadata = event.providerMetadata ?? current.providerMetadata
  return {
-    ...replaceContent(state, current.contentIndex, reasoningContent(text, providerMetadata)),
-    reasoningParts: { ...state.reasoningParts, [event.id]: { ...current, text, providerMetadata } },
+    ...replaceContent(state, current.contentIndex, reasoningContent(current.text, providerMetadata)),
+    reasoningParts: { ...state.reasoningParts, [event.id]: { ...current, providerMetadata } },
  }
 }

@@ -600,12 +577,12 @@ export class LLMResponse extends Schema.Class<LLMResponse>("LLM.Response")({
  usage: Schema.optional(Usage),
  finishReason: FinishReasonDetails,
 }) {
-  /** Concatenated assistant text; each fragment's `text-end` value replaces its accumulated deltas when present. */
+  /** Concatenated assistant text assembled from streamed `text-delta` events. */
  get text() {
    return responseText(this.events)
  }

-  /** Concatenated reasoning text; each fragment's `reasoning-end` value replaces its accumulated deltas when present. */
+  /** Concatenated reasoning text assembled from streamed `reasoning-delta` events. */
  get reasoning() {
    return responseReasoning(this.events)
  }
@@ -153,11 +153,8 @@ export class LanguageModelCompatibility extends Schema.Class<LanguageModelCompat
 )({
  toolSchema: Schema.optional(LanguageModelToolSchemaCompatibility),
  reasoningField: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  /** Require every assistant message to include its reasoning field, even when empty. */
-  requireReasoning: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
  maxTokensField: Schema.optional(LanguageModelMaxTokensFieldCompatibility),
  requireFinishReason: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
-  requireAssistantAfterTool: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
  supportsStore: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
  supportsUsageInStreaming: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
  supportsStrictMode: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 export * as TestLLM from "./testing.js"

-import { LLMClient } from "./route/client.js"
+import { LLMClient, type Interface as LLMClientShape } from "./route/client.js"
 import {
  LLMEvent,
  LLMResponse,
@@ -16,33 +16,13 @@ export type Response = readonly LLMEvent[] | Stream.Stream<LLMEvent, AIError>

 export type Gate = Readonly<{ started: Effect.Effect<void>; release: Effect.Effect<void> }>

-type ClientInterface = Context.Service.Shape<typeof LLMClient.Service>
-
-export type Responder = (request: LLMRequest) => Response
-
-export interface TestInterface extends ClientInterface {
-  /** Returns a snapshot of requests observed at execution time. */
-  readonly requests: () => Effect.Effect<readonly LLMRequest[]>
-  readonly push: (...responses: readonly Response[]) => Effect.Effect<void>
-  /** Replaces the fallback without changing queued responses. */
-  readonly always: (response: Response) => Effect.Effect<void>
-  /** Answers requests after the one-shot queue is exhausted; receives the original request. */
-  readonly serve: (responder: Responder) => Effect.Effect<void>
-  /** Waits for request arrivals, not output or completion. */
-  readonly wait: (count: number) => Effect.Effect<void>
-  readonly gate: () => Effect.Effect<Gate, never, Scope.Scope>
-}
-
-export class Test extends Context.Service<Test, TestInterface>()("@opencode/ai/TestLLM/Test") {}
-
-/** @deprecated Use TestInterface through Test and testLayer. */
 export interface Interface {
  readonly requests: LLMRequest[]
  readonly push: (...responses: readonly Response[]) => Effect.Effect<void>
  readonly always: (response: Response) => Effect.Effect<void>
  readonly wait: (count: number) => Effect.Effect<void>
  readonly gate: Effect.Effect<Gate, never, Scope.Scope>
-  readonly client: ClientInterface
+  readonly client: LLMClientShape
 }

 export interface LayerOptions {
@@ -51,7 +31,6 @@ export interface LayerOptions {
  readonly fallback?: Response
 }

-/** @deprecated Use Test and testLayer for normal client methods and test controls. */
 export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/ai/TestLLM") {}

 export const complete = (
@@ -101,64 +80,59 @@ export const hangAfter = (...events: readonly LLMEvent[]) => Stream.concat(Strea

 const toStream = (response: Response) => (Stream.isStream(response) ? response : Stream.fromIterable(response))

-const make = (options: LayerOptions) =>
-  Effect.sync(() => {
-    const requests: LLMRequest[] = []
-    const responses: Response[] = []
-    let started = Deferred.makeUnsafe<void>()
-    let fallback: Response | Responder | undefined = options.fallback
-    let activeGate: { readonly started: Queue.Queue<void>; readonly release: Latch.Latch } | undefined
-    const wait = (count: number): Effect.Effect<void> =>
-      Effect.suspend(() =>
-        requests.length >= count ? Effect.void : Deferred.await(started).pipe(Effect.andThen(wait(count))),
-      )
+export const layer = (options: LayerOptions = {}) =>
+  Layer.effect(
+    Service,
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const requests: LLMRequest[] = []
+      const responses: Response[] = []
+      let started = Deferred.makeUnsafe<void>()
+      let fallback = options.fallback
+      let activeGate: { readonly started: Queue.Queue<void>; readonly release: Latch.Latch } | undefined
+      const wait = (count: number): Effect.Effect<void> =>
+        Effect.suspend(() =>
+          requests.length >= count ? Effect.void : Deferred.await(started).pipe(Effect.andThen(wait(count))),
+        )

-    const stream: ClientInterface["stream"] = (request) =>
-      Stream.suspend(() => {
-        const count = requests.push(options.transformRequest?.(request) ?? request)
+      const stream = ((request: LLMRequest) => {
+        requests.push(options.transformRequest?.(request) ?? request)
        const waiting = started
        started = Deferred.makeUnsafe()
+        Deferred.doneUnsafe(waiting, Effect.void)
+        const response = responses.shift() ?? fallback
+        if (!response) return Stream.die(new Error(`TestLLM has no response for request ${requests.length}`))
+        const streamed = toStream(response)
        const gate = activeGate
-        try {
-          const response = responses.shift() ?? (typeof fallback === "function" ? fallback(request) : fallback)
-          if (!response) return Stream.die(new Error(`TestLLM has no response for request ${count}`))
-          const streamed = toStream(response)
-          if (!gate) return streamed
-          return Stream.unwrap(
-            Queue.offer(gate.started, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(gate.release.await), Effect.as(streamed)),
-          )
-        } finally {
-          // Waiters can resume synchronously; assign the reply and gate before notifying them.
-          Deferred.doneUnsafe(waiting, Effect.void)
-        }
+        if (!gate) return streamed
+        return Stream.unwrap(
+          Queue.offer(gate.started, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(gate.release.await), Effect.as(streamed)),
+        )
+      }) as LLMClientShape["stream"]
+      const client = LLMClient.Service.of({
+        stream,
+        generate: (request) =>
+          stream(request).pipe(
+            Stream.runFold(LLMResponse.empty, LLMResponse.reduce),
+            Effect.flatMap((state) => {
+              const response = LLMResponse.complete(state)
+              if (response) return Effect.succeed(response)
+              return Effect.die("TestLLM response ended without a terminal finish event")
+            }),
+          ),
      })
-    const test = Test.of({
-      stream,
-      generate: (request) =>
-        stream(request).pipe(
-          Stream.runFold(LLMResponse.empty, LLMResponse.reduce),
-          Effect.flatMap((state) => {
-            const response = LLMResponse.complete(state)
-            if (response) return Effect.succeed(response)
-            return Effect.die("TestLLM response ended without a terminal finish event")
+
+      return Service.of({
+        requests,
+        push: (...input) =>
+          Effect.sync(() => {
+            responses.push(...input)
          }),
-        ),
-      requests: () => Effect.sync(() => [...requests]),
-      push: (...input) =>
-        Effect.sync(() => {
-          responses.push(...input)
-        }),
-      always: (response) =>
-        Effect.sync(() => {
-          fallback = response
-        }),
-      serve: (responder) =>
-        Effect.sync(() => {
-          fallback = responder
-        }),
-      wait,
-      gate: () =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
+        always: (response) =>
+          Effect.sync(() => {
+            fallback = response
+          }),
+        wait,
+        gate: Effect.gen(function* () {
          const gate = {
            started: yield* Effect.acquireRelease(Queue.unbounded<void>(), Queue.shutdown),
            release: yield* Latch.make(),
@@ -173,36 +147,11 @@ const make = (options: LayerOptions) =>
            release,
          }
        }),
-    })
-
-    return { test, requests }
-  })
-
-/** Provides one shared implementation under the normal client and test-control tags. */
-export const testLayer = (options: LayerOptions = {}) =>
-  Layer.effectContext(
-    Effect.map(make(options), (implementation) =>
-      Context.make(LLMClient.Service, implementation.test).pipe(Context.add(Test, implementation.test)),
-    ),
+        client,
+      })
+    }),
  )

-/** @deprecated Use testLayer; retained for published callers of the legacy control interface. */
-export const layer = (options: LayerOptions = {}) =>
-  Layer.effect(
-    Service,
-    Effect.map(make(options), (implementation) =>
-      Service.of({
-        requests: implementation.requests,
-        push: implementation.test.push,
-        always: implementation.test.always,
-        wait: implementation.test.wait,
-        gate: implementation.test.gate(),
-        client: implementation.test,
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-/** @deprecated testLayer provides LLMClient.Service directly. */
 export const clientLayer = Layer.effect(
  LLMClient.Service,
  Effect.map(Service, (service) => service.client),
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-import { isRecord } from "./record.js"
-
-export const sanitizeSurrogates = <T>(value: T): T => {
-  if (typeof value === "string") return value.toWellFormed() as T
-  if (Array.isArray(value)) return value.map(sanitizeSurrogates) as T
-  if (value instanceof Uint8Array || value instanceof Error) return value
-  if (isRecord(value))
-    return Object.fromEntries(
-      Object.entries(value).map(([key, entry]) => [key.toWellFormed(), sanitizeSurrogates(entry)]),
-    ) as T
-  return value
-}
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect, Schema, Stream } from "effect"
 import { LLM, LLMRequest, LLMResponse } from "../src/index.js"
 import { Route, Endpoint, LLMClient, Protocol, type FramingDef } from "../src/route.js"
@@ -148,13 +148,15 @@ describe("llm route", () => {
    }),
  )

-  test("builds models from configured routes", () => {
-    const configured = fake.with({ provider: "fake-provider", endpoint: { baseURL: "https://fake.local" } })
+  it.effect("builds models from configured routes", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const configured = fake.with({ provider: "fake-provider", endpoint: { baseURL: "https://fake.local" } })

-    expect(configured.model({ id: "fake-model" })).toMatchObject({
-      provider: "fake-provider",
-    })
-  })
+      expect(configured.model({ id: "fake-model" })).toMatchObject({
+        provider: "fake-provider",
+      })
+    }),
+  )

  it.effect("does not register duplicate route ids globally", () =>
    Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { CacheHint, LLM, Message } from "../src/index.js"
 import { Auth } from "../src/route.js"
 import { compileRequest } from "../src/route/client.js"
-import { AmazonBedrock, GoogleVertexMessages } from "../src/providers.js"
+import { AmazonBedrock } from "../src/providers.js"
 import * as AnthropicMessages from "../src/protocols/anthropic-messages.js"
 import * as Gemini from "../src/protocols/gemini.js"
 import * as OpenAIChat from "../src/protocols/openai-chat.js"
@@ -86,27 +86,6 @@ describe("applyCachePolicy", () => {
    }),
  )

-  it.effect("'auto' emits Anthropic cache markers on Vertex", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const prepared = yield* compileRequest(
-        LLM.request({
-          model: GoogleVertexMessages.configure({ accessToken: "test", location: "global", project: "test" }).model(
-            "claude-opus-4-8",
-          ),
-          system: "You are concise.",
-          tools: [{ name: "lookup", description: "Look up a value", inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: {} } }],
-          prompt: "hi",
-        }),
-      )
-
-      expect(prepared.body).toMatchObject({
-        tools: [{ name: "lookup", cache_control: { type: "ephemeral" } }],
-        system: [{ type: "text", text: "You are concise.", cache_control: { type: "ephemeral" } }],
-        messages: [{ role: "user", content: [{ type: "text", text: "hi", cache_control: { type: "ephemeral" } }] }],
-      })
-    }),
-  )
-
  it.effect("'auto' is a no-op on OpenAI (implicit caching protocol)", () =>
    Effect.gen(function* () {
      const prepared = yield* compileRequest(
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect, Ref, Schema } from "effect"
 import { HttpClientRequest, HttpClientResponse } from "effect/unstable/http"
-import { LLM, Message, ToolCallPart, mergeProviderOptions } from "../src/index.js"
+import { LLM, mergeProviderOptions } from "../src/index.js"
 import { AnthropicMessages, OpenAIChat } from "../src/protocols.js"
 import { Auth, LLMClient } from "../src/route.js"
 import { compileRequest } from "../src/route/client.js"
@@ -247,73 +247,6 @@ describe("request option precedence", () => {
    }),
  )

-  it.effect("sanitizes outbound JSON without an HTTP overlay", () =>
-    LLMClient.generate(
-      LLM.request({
-        model: OpenAIChat.route
-          .with({ endpoint: { baseURL: "https://api.openai.test/v1/" }, auth: Auth.bearer("test") })
-          .model({ id: "gpt-4o-mini" }),
-        prompt: "hello \uD800 \u{1F600}",
-      }),
-    ).pipe(
-      Effect.provide(
-        dynamicResponse((input) =>
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
-            expect(decodeJson(input.text)).toMatchObject({
-              messages: [{ role: "user", content: "hello \uFFFD \u{1F600}" }],
-            })
-            return input.respond(sseEvents(deltaChunk({}, "stop")), {
-              headers: { "content-type": "text/event-stream" },
-            })
-          }),
-        ),
-      ),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("sanitizes unpaired surrogates throughout outbound JSON", () =>
-    LLMClient.generate(
-      LLM.request({
-        model: OpenAIChat.route
-          .with({ endpoint: { baseURL: "https://api.openai.test/v1/" }, auth: Auth.bearer("test") })
-          .model({ id: "gpt-4o-mini" }),
-        system: "system \uD800 \u{1F600}",
-        messages: [
-          Message.user("user \uDC00"),
-          Message.assistant([
-            Message.text("assistant \uD800"),
-            ToolCallPart.make({ id: "call_1", name: "lookup", input: { query: "input \uDC00" } }),
-          ]),
-          Message.tool({ id: "call_1", name: "lookup", result: { output: "result \uD800" } }),
-        ],
-        http: { body: { metadata: { "key\uD800": ["overlay \uDC00", "valid \u{1F600}"] } } },
-      }),
-    ).pipe(
-      Effect.provide(
-        dynamicResponse((input) =>
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
-            expect(decodeJson(input.text)).toMatchObject({
-              messages: [
-                { role: "system", content: "system \uFFFD \u{1F600}" },
-                { role: "user", content: "user \uFFFD" },
-                {
-                  role: "assistant",
-                  content: "assistant \uFFFD",
-                  tool_calls: [{ function: { arguments: '{"query":"input \uFFFD"}' } }],
-                },
-                { role: "tool", content: '{"output":"result \uFFFD"}' },
-              ],
-              metadata: { "key\uFFFD": ["overlay \uFFFD", "valid \u{1F600}"] },
-            })
-            return input.respond(sseEvents(deltaChunk({}, "stop")), {
-              headers: { "content-type": "text/event-stream" },
-            })
-          }),
-        ),
-      ),
-    ),
-  )
-
  it.effect("applies raw body overlays after protocol lowering", () =>
    LLMClient.generate(
      LLM.request({
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
-import { Deferred, Effect, Fiber, Ref, Stream } from "effect"
-import { Headers, HttpClientError, HttpClientRequest } from "effect/unstable/http"
-import { LLM, AIError, HttpContext, InvalidProviderOutputError, TransportError } from "../src/index.js"
+import { Deferred, Effect, Fiber, Layer, Ref, Stream } from "effect"
+import { Headers, HttpClient, HttpClientError, HttpClientRequest, HttpClientResponse } from "effect/unstable/http"
+import { LLM, AIError } from "../src/index.js"
 import { LLMClient, RequestExecutor, WebSocketTransport, type WebSocketChannelExecutor } from "../src/route.js"
-import { route } from "../src/protocols/openai-chat.js"
-import { configure } from "../src/providers/openai.js"
+import * as OpenAIChat from "../src/protocols/openai-chat.js"
+import * as OpenAI from "../src/providers/openai.js"
 import { dynamicResponse, fixedResponse, systemError } from "./lib/http.js"
 import { deltaChunk } from "./lib/openai-chunks.js"
 import { sseEvents, sseRaw } from "./lib/sse.js"
@@ -18,86 +18,66 @@ const secretRequest = HttpClientRequest.post("https://provider.test/v1/chat?api_
  HttpClientRequest.setHeaders(Headers.fromInput({ authorization: "Bearer header-secret-456" })),
 )

+const responsesLayer = (responses: ReadonlyArray<Response>) =>
+  RequestExecutor.layer.pipe(
+    Layer.provide(
+      Layer.unwrap(
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const cursor = yield* Ref.make(0)
+          return Layer.succeed(
+            HttpClient.HttpClient,
+            HttpClient.make((request) =>
+              Effect.gen(function* () {
+                const index = yield* Ref.getAndUpdate(cursor, (value) => value + 1)
+                return HttpClientResponse.fromWeb(request, responses[index] ?? responses[responses.length - 1])
+              }),
+            ),
+          )
+        }),
+      ),
+    ),
+  )
+
+const countedResponsesLayer = (attempts: Ref.Ref<number>, responses: ReadonlyArray<Response>) =>
+  RequestExecutor.layer.pipe(
+    Layer.provide(
+      Layer.unwrap(
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const cursor = yield* Ref.make(0)
+          return Layer.succeed(
+            HttpClient.HttpClient,
+            HttpClient.make((request) =>
+              Effect.gen(function* () {
+                yield* Ref.update(attempts, (value) => value + 1)
+                const index = yield* Ref.getAndUpdate(cursor, (value) => value + 1)
+                return HttpClientResponse.fromWeb(request, responses[index] ?? responses[responses.length - 1])
+              }),
+            ),
+          )
+        }),
+      ),
+    ),
+  )
+
 const expectAIError = (error: unknown) => {
  expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(AIError)
  if (!(error instanceof AIError)) throw new Error("expected AIError")
-  expect(error.reason).toBeInstanceOf(Error)
-  expect(error.cause).toBe(error.reason)
  return error
 }

+const errorHttp = (error: AIError) => ("http" in error.reason ? error.reason.http : undefined)
 const largeProviderMessage = `Upstream request failed: ${"validation failed; ".repeat(1_000)}`

 describe("RequestExecutor", () => {
-  it.effect("preserves externally captured HTTP errors without inventing response context", () =>
-    Effect.sync(() => {
-      const cause = new Error("upstream request failed")
-      const body = '{"error":{"message":"Rate limited","trace":"original"}}'
-      const error = RequestExecutor.httpFailure({
-        message: "Rate limited",
-        url: request.url,
-        status: 429,
-        responseHeaders: { "Retry-After": "2", "X-Request-ID": "req_external" },
-        responseBody: body,
-        cause,
-      })
-
-      expect(error.message).toBe("Rate limited")
-      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({ _tag: "RateLimit", retryAfterMs: 2000 })
-      expect(error.reason.body).toBe(body)
-      expect(error.reason.cause).toBe(cause)
-      expect(error.reason.http).toEqual(
-        new HttpContext({
-          url: request.url,
-          status: 429,
-          headers: { "retry-after": "2", "x-request-id": "req_external" },
-        }),
-      )
-      expect(RequestExecutor.httpFailure({ message: "No response", url: request.url }).reason.http).toBeUndefined()
-      expect(RequestExecutor.httpFailure({ message: "No URL", status: 500 }).reason.http).toBeUndefined()
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("retains the original body-read failure on an HTTP status error", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const cause = new Error("response body disconnected")
-      const error = yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const executor = yield* RequestExecutor.Service
-        return yield* executor.execute(request).pipe(Effect.flip)
-      }).pipe(
-        Effect.provide(
-          fixedResponse(
-            new ReadableStream({
-              start(controller) {
-                controller.error(cause)
-              },
-            }),
-            {
-              status: 503,
-              headers: { "x-request-id": "req_failed_body" },
-            },
-          ),
-        ),
-      )
-
-      expect(error.reason._tag).toBe("ProviderInternal")
-      expect(error.reason.cause).toBe(cause)
-      expect(error.reason.body).toBeUndefined()
-      expect(error.reason.http).toMatchObject({ status: 503, headers: { "x-request-id": "req_failed_body" } })
-    }),
-  )
-
  it.effect("parses response body failures at the executor seam", () =>
    Effect.gen(function* () {
      const executor = yield* RequestExecutor.Service
      const error = yield* RequestExecutor.stream(executor, secretRequest).pipe(Stream.runDrain, Effect.flip)

      expectAIError(error)
-      expect(error.message).toBe("ECONNRESET: disconnected query-secret-123 header-secret-456")
-      expect(error.reason.http).toMatchObject({ status: 200, url: secretRequest.url })
-      expect(error.reason.cause).toMatchObject({ code: "ECONNRESET" })
      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({
        _tag: "Transport",
+        message: "ECONNRESET: disconnected query-secret-123 header-secret-456",
        transport: "http",
        operation: "read",
        code: "ECONNRESET",
@@ -105,14 +85,15 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {
      })
    }).pipe(
      Effect.provide(
-        fixedResponse(
-          new ReadableStream({
-            start(controller) {
-              controller.error(systemError("ECONNRESET", "disconnected query-secret-123 header-secret-456"))
-            },
-          }),
-          {},
-        ),
+        responsesLayer([
+          new Response(
+            new ReadableStream({
+              start(controller) {
+                controller.error(systemError("ECONNRESET", "disconnected query-secret-123 header-secret-456"))
+              },
+            }),
+          ),
+        ]),
      ),
    ),
  )
@@ -123,23 +104,23 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {
      const error = yield* RequestExecutor.stream(executor, secretRequest).pipe(Stream.runDrain, Effect.flip)

      expectAIError(error)
-      expect(error.message).toBe("ECONNRESET: socket closed")
-      expect(error.reason.cause).toBeInstanceOf(TypeError)
      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({
        _tag: "Transport",
+        message: "ECONNRESET: socket closed",
        operation: "read",
        code: "ECONNRESET",
      })
    }).pipe(
      Effect.provide(
-        fixedResponse(
-          new ReadableStream({
-            pull(controller) {
-              controller.error(new TypeError("fetch failed", { cause: systemError("ECONNRESET", "socket closed") }))
-            },
-          }),
-          {},
-        ),
+        responsesLayer([
+          new Response(
+            new ReadableStream({
+              pull(controller) {
+                controller.error(new TypeError("fetch failed", { cause: systemError("ECONNRESET", "socket closed") }))
+              },
+            }),
+          ),
+        ]),
      ),
    ),
  )
@@ -152,10 +133,8 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {
        .pipe(Effect.flip)

      expectAIError(error)
-      expect(error.message).toBe("plugin rejected request")
-      expect(error.reason.cause).toBeInstanceOf(Error)
-      expect(error.reason.http).toBeUndefined()
-    }).pipe(Effect.provide(dynamicResponse(() => Effect.die(new Error("unexpected HTTP request"))))),
+      expect(error.reason.message).toBe("plugin rejected request")
+    }).pipe(Effect.provide(responsesLayer([]))),
  )

  it.effect("reports the request sent by middleware", () =>
@@ -173,11 +152,16 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {
        .pipe(Effect.flip)

      expectAIError(error)
-      expect(error.message).toBe("ECONNRESET: proxy disconnected proxy-secret")
-      expect(error.reason.http).toBeUndefined()
      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({
        _tag: "Transport",
+        message: "ECONNRESET: proxy disconnected proxy-secret",
        url: "https://proxy.test/v1/chat?api_key=proxy-secret",
+        http: {
+          request: {
+            url: "https://proxy.test/v1/chat?api_key=proxy-secret",
+            headers: { authorization: "Bearer proxy-secret" },
+          },
+        },
      })
    }).pipe(
      Effect.provide(
@@ -204,9 +188,11 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {
      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({ _tag: "InvalidRequest", classification: "context-overflow" })
    }).pipe(
      Effect.provide(
-        fixedResponse('{"error":{"code":"context_length_exceeded","message":"prompt too long"}}', {
-          status: 400,
-        }),
+        responsesLayer([
+          new Response('{"error":{"code":"context_length_exceeded","message":"prompt too long"}}', {
+            status: 400,
+          }),
+        ]),
      ),
    ),
  )
@@ -220,29 +206,9 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {
      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({
        _tag: "InvalidRequest",
        classification: "payload-too-large",
+        http: { response: { status: 413 } },
      })
-      expect(error.reason.http?.status).toBe(413)
-    }).pipe(Effect.provide(fixedResponse("request too large", { status: 413 }))),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("classifies Anthropic request_too_large as context overflow", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const executor = yield* RequestExecutor.Service
-      const error = yield* executor.execute(request).pipe(Effect.flip)
-
-      expectAIError(error)
-      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({
-        _tag: "InvalidRequest",
-        classification: "context-overflow",
-      })
-      expect(error.reason.http?.status).toBe(413)
-    }).pipe(
-      Effect.provide(
-        fixedResponse('{"error":{"type":"request_too_large","message":"Request exceeds the maximum size"}}', {
-          status: 413,
-        }),
-      ),
-    ),
+    }).pipe(Effect.provide(responsesLayer([new Response("request too large", { status: 413 })]))),
  )

  it.effect("does not classify ordinary invalid requests as context overflow", () =>
@@ -253,8 +219,8 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {
      expectAIError(error)
      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({ _tag: "InvalidRequest" })
      expect("classification" in error.reason ? error.reason.classification : undefined).toBeUndefined()
-      expect(error.message).toBe("Provider request failed with HTTP 400")
-    }).pipe(Effect.provide(fixedResponse("invalid parameter", { status: 400 }))),
+      expect(error.reason.message).toBe("Provider request failed with HTTP 400")
+    }).pipe(Effect.provide(responsesLayer([new Response("invalid parameter", { status: 400 })]))),
  )

  it.effect("preserves structured provider messages from large error bodies", () =>
@@ -263,18 +229,20 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {
      const error = yield* executor.execute(request).pipe(Effect.flip)

      expectAIError(error)
-      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({ _tag: "InvalidRequest" })
-      expect(error.message).toBe(largeProviderMessage)
-      expect(error.reason.body).toContain(largeProviderMessage)
+      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({ _tag: "InvalidRequest", message: largeProviderMessage })
+      expect(errorHttp(error)?.body).toContain(largeProviderMessage)
+      expect(errorHttp(error)?.bodyTruncated).toBeUndefined()
    }).pipe(
      Effect.provide(
-        fixedResponse(
-          JSON.stringify({
-            model: "test-model",
-            error: { type: "invalid_request", message: largeProviderMessage },
-          }),
-          { status: 400 },
-        ),
+        responsesLayer([
+          new Response(
+            JSON.stringify({
+              model: "gpt-5.6-sol",
+              error: { type: "invalid_request", message: largeProviderMessage },
+            }),
+            { status: 400 },
+          ),
+        ]),
      ),
    ),
  )
@@ -287,9 +255,9 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {
      expectAIError(error)
      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({
        _tag: "InvalidRequest",
+        message: "Provider request failed with HTTP 400",
      })
-      expect(error.message).toBe("Provider request failed with HTTP 400")
-    }).pipe(Effect.provide(fixedResponse('{"error":{"message":"  "}}', { status: 400 }))),
+    }).pipe(Effect.provide(responsesLayer([new Response('{"error":{"message":"  "}}', { status: 400 })]))),
  )

  it.effect("classifies provider rate limits hidden behind HTTP 400", () =>
@@ -301,7 +269,7 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {

          expectAIError(error)
          expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({ _tag: "RateLimit" })
-        }).pipe(Effect.provide(fixedResponse(body, { status: 400 })))
+        }).pipe(Effect.provide(responsesLayer([new Response(body, { status: 400 })])))

      yield* classify("Request rate increased too quickly")
      yield* classify('{"type":"error","error":{"type":"too_many_requests"}}')
@@ -318,7 +286,7 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {

          expectAIError(error)
          expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({ _tag: "ProviderInternal" })
-        }).pipe(Effect.provide(fixedResponse(body, { status: 400 })))
+        }).pipe(Effect.provide(responsesLayer([new Response(body, { status: 400 })])))

      yield* classify('{"code":"resource_exhausted"}')
      yield* classify('{"code":"service_unavailable"}')
@@ -331,27 +299,38 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {
      const error = yield* executor.execute(request).pipe(Effect.flip)

      expectAIError(error)
-      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({
-        _tag: "RateLimit",
-        retryAfterMs: 0,
-        rateLimit: { retryAfterMs: 0 },
-        http: {
-          url: "https://provider.test/v1/chat?api_key=secret&key=secret&debug=1",
-          status: 429,
-          headers: {
-            "retry-after-ms": "0",
-            "x-request-id": "req_123",
-            "x-api-key": "secret",
+      expect(error).toMatchObject({
+        reason: {
+          _tag: "RateLimit",
+          retryAfterMs: 0,
+          rateLimit: { retryAfterMs: 0 },
+          http: {
+            requestId: "req_123",
+            request: {
+              method: "POST",
+              url: "https://provider.test/v1/chat?api_key=secret&key=secret&debug=1",
+              headers: { authorization: "Bearer secret", "x-safe": "visible" },
+            },
+            response: {
+              status: 429,
+              headers: {
+                "retry-after-ms": "0",
+                "x-request-id": "req_123",
+                "x-api-key": "secret",
+              },
+            },
          },
        },
      })
-      expect(error.reason.body).toBe("rate limited")
+      expect(errorHttp(error)?.body).toBe("rate limited")
    }).pipe(
      Effect.provide(
-        fixedResponse("rate limited", {
-          status: 429,
-          headers: { "retry-after-ms": "0", "x-request-id": "req_123", "x-api-key": "secret" },
-        }),
+        responsesLayer([
+          new Response("rate limited", {
+            status: 429,
+            headers: { "retry-after-ms": "0", "x-request-id": "req_123", "x-api-key": "secret" },
+          }),
+        ]),
      ),
    ),
  )
@@ -362,9 +341,10 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {
      const error = yield* executor.execute(request).pipe(Effect.flip)

      expectAIError(error)
-      expect(error.reason.http?.headers["x-safe"]).toBe("response-secret")
+      expect(errorHttp(error)?.request.headers["x-safe"]).toBe("visible")
+      expect(errorHttp(error)?.response?.headers["x-safe"]).toBe("response-secret")
    }).pipe(
-      Effect.provide(fixedResponse("bad", { status: 400, headers: { "x-safe": "response-secret" } })),
+      Effect.provide(responsesLayer([new Response("bad", { status: 400, headers: { "x-safe": "response-secret" } })])),
      Effect.provideService(Headers.CurrentRedactedNames, ["x-safe"]),
    ),
  )
@@ -384,18 +364,20 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {
      })
    }).pipe(
      Effect.provide(
-        fixedResponse("rate limited", {
-          status: 429,
-          headers: {
-            "retry-after-ms": "0",
-            "x-ratelimit-limit-requests": "500",
-            "x-ratelimit-limit-tokens": "30000",
-            "x-ratelimit-remaining-requests": "499",
-            "x-ratelimit-remaining-tokens": "29900",
-            "x-ratelimit-reset-requests": "1s",
-            "x-ratelimit-reset-tokens": "10s",
-          },
-        }),
+        responsesLayer([
+          new Response("rate limited", {
+            status: 429,
+            headers: {
+              "retry-after-ms": "0",
+              "x-ratelimit-limit-requests": "500",
+              "x-ratelimit-limit-tokens": "30000",
+              "x-ratelimit-remaining-requests": "499",
+              "x-ratelimit-remaining-tokens": "29900",
+              "x-ratelimit-reset-requests": "1s",
+              "x-ratelimit-reset-tokens": "10s",
+            },
+          }),
+        ]),
      ),
    ),
  )
@@ -406,8 +388,8 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {
      const error = yield* executor.execute(request).pipe(Effect.flip)

      expectAIError(error)
-      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({ _tag: "RateLimit" })
-      expect(error.reason._tag === "RateLimit" ? error.reason.rateLimit : undefined).toEqual({
+      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({ _tag: "ProviderInternal" })
+      expect(errorHttp(error)?.rateLimit).toEqual({
        retryAfterMs: 0,
        limit: { requests: "100", "input-tokens": "10000" },
        remaining: { requests: "12", "input-tokens": "9000" },
@@ -415,18 +397,20 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {
      })
    }).pipe(
      Effect.provide(
-        fixedResponse("rate limited", {
-          status: 429,
-          headers: {
-            "retry-after-ms": "0",
-            "anthropic-ratelimit-requests-limit": "100",
-            "anthropic-ratelimit-requests-remaining": "12",
-            "anthropic-ratelimit-requests-reset": "2026-05-06T12:00:00Z",
-            "anthropic-ratelimit-input-tokens-limit": "10000",
-            "anthropic-ratelimit-input-tokens-remaining": "9000",
-            "anthropic-ratelimit-input-tokens-reset": "2026-05-06T12:00:10Z",
-          },
-        }),
+        responsesLayer([
+          new Response("overloaded", {
+            status: 529,
+            headers: {
+              "retry-after-ms": "0",
+              "anthropic-ratelimit-requests-limit": "100",
+              "anthropic-ratelimit-requests-remaining": "12",
+              "anthropic-ratelimit-requests-reset": "2026-05-06T12:00:00Z",
+              "anthropic-ratelimit-input-tokens-limit": "10000",
+              "anthropic-ratelimit-input-tokens-remaining": "9000",
+              "anthropic-ratelimit-input-tokens-reset": "2026-05-06T12:00:10Z",
+            },
+          }),
+        ]),
      ),
    ),
  )
@@ -439,20 +423,15 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {
        return yield* executor.execute(request).pipe(Effect.flip)
      }).pipe(
        Effect.provide(
-          dynamicResponse((input) =>
-            Effect.gen(function* () {
-              const attempt = yield* Ref.getAndUpdate(attempts, (value) => value + 1)
-              return attempt === 0
-                ? input.respond("busy", { status: 503, headers: { "retry-after-ms": "0" } })
-                : input.respond("ok", { status: 200 })
-            }),
-          ),
+          countedResponsesLayer(attempts, [
+            new Response("busy", { status: 503, headers: { "retry-after-ms": "0" } }),
+            new Response("ok", { status: 200 }),
+          ]),
        ),
      )

      expectAIError(error)
-      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({ _tag: "ProviderInternal" })
-      expect(error.reason.http?.status).toBe(503)
+      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({ _tag: "ProviderInternal", status: 503 })
      expect(yield* Ref.get(attempts)).toBe(1)
    }),
  )
@@ -465,14 +444,15 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {
          const error = yield* executor.execute(request).pipe(Effect.flip)

          expectAIError(error)
-          expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({ _tag: "ProviderInternal" })
-          expect(error.reason.http?.status).toBe(status)
+          expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({ _tag: "ProviderInternal", status })
        }).pipe(
          Effect.provide(
-            fixedResponse("provider failure", {
-              status,
-              headers: { "retry-after-ms": "0" },
-            }),
+            responsesLayer([
+              new Response("provider failure", {
+                status,
+                headers: { "retry-after-ms": "0" },
+              }),
+            ]),
          ),
        )

@@ -483,28 +463,21 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {

  it.effect("preserves large authentication error bodies", () =>
    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const attempts = yield* Ref.make(0)
-      const error = yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const executor = yield* RequestExecutor.Service
-        return yield* executor.execute(request).pipe(Effect.flip)
-      }).pipe(
-        Effect.provide(
-          dynamicResponse((input) =>
-            Effect.gen(function* () {
-              const attempt = yield* Ref.getAndUpdate(attempts, (value) => value + 1)
-              return attempt === 0
-                ? input.respond("x".repeat(20_000), { status: 401 })
-                : input.respond("should not retry", { status: 200 })
-            }),
-          ),
-        ),
-      )
+      const executor = yield* RequestExecutor.Service
+      const error = yield* executor.execute(request).pipe(Effect.flip)

      expectAIError(error)
      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({ _tag: "Authentication" })
-      expect(error.reason.body).toHaveLength(20_000)
-      expect(yield* Ref.get(attempts)).toBe(1)
-    }),
+      expect(errorHttp(error)?.bodyTruncated).toBeUndefined()
+      expect(errorHttp(error)?.body).toHaveLength(20_000)
+    }).pipe(
+      Effect.provide(
+        responsesLayer([
+          new Response("x".repeat(20_000), { status: 401 }),
+          new Response("should not retry", { status: 200 }),
+        ]),
+      ),
+    ),
  )

  it.effect("preserves response body fields", () =>
@@ -513,12 +486,16 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {
      const error = yield* executor.execute(request).pipe(Effect.flip)

      expectAIError(error)
-      expect(error.reason.body).toBe('{"error":{"message":"bad","key":"body-secret","detail":"api_key=query-secret"}}')
+      expect(errorHttp(error)?.body).toBe(
+        '{"error":{"message":"bad","key":"body-secret","detail":"api_key=query-secret"}}',
+      )
    }).pipe(
      Effect.provide(
-        fixedResponse('{"error":{"message":"bad","key":"body-secret","detail":"api_key=query-secret"}}', {
-          status: 400,
-        }),
+        responsesLayer([
+          new Response('{"error":{"message":"bad","key":"body-secret","detail":"api_key=query-secret"}}', {
+            status: 400,
+          }),
+        ]),
      ),
    ),
  )
@@ -529,10 +506,12 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {
      const error = yield* executor.execute(secretRequest).pipe(Effect.flip)

      expectAIError(error)
-      expect(error.reason.body).toBe("provider echoed query-secret-123 and authorization header-secret-456")
+      expect(errorHttp(error)?.body).toBe("provider echoed query-secret-123 and authorization header-secret-456")
    }).pipe(
      Effect.provide(
-        fixedResponse("provider echoed query-secret-123 and authorization header-secret-456", { status: 400 }),
+        responsesLayer([
+          new Response("provider echoed query-secret-123 and authorization header-secret-456", { status: 400 }),
+        ]),
      ),
    ),
  )
@@ -540,7 +519,9 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {
  it.effect("does not re-execute after a successful response reaches stream parsing", () =>
    Effect.gen(function* () {
      const attempts = yield* Ref.make(0)
-      const model = route.with({ endpoint: { baseURL: "https://api.openai.test/v1" } }).model({ id: "gpt-4o-mini" })
+      const model = OpenAIChat.route
+        .with({ endpoint: { baseURL: "https://api.openai.test/v1" } })
+        .model({ id: "gpt-4o-mini" })
      const error = yield* LLMClient.generate(LLM.request({ model, prompt: "Say hello." })).pipe(
        Effect.provide(
          dynamicResponse((input) =>
@@ -562,171 +543,19 @@ describe("RequestExecutor", () => {

      expectAIError(error)
      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({ _tag: "InvalidProviderOutput" })
-      expect(error.reason.body).toBe("not-json")
-      expect(error.reason.cause).toBeDefined()
-      expect(error.reason.http).toMatchObject({ status: 200, headers: { "content-type": "text/event-stream" } })
      expect(yield* Ref.get(attempts)).toBe(1)
    }),
  )
 })

 describe("WebSocket channel execution", () => {
-  const model = configure({ baseURL: "https://api.openai.test/v1/", apiKey: "test" }).responses("gpt-4.1-mini")
+  const model = OpenAI.configure({ baseURL: "https://api.openai.test/v1/", apiKey: "test" }).responses("gpt-4.1-mini")
  const request = LLM.request({ model, prompt: "Say hello." })
  const frames = [
-    JSON.stringify({ type: "response.output_item.added", item: { type: "message", id: "msg_1" } }),
    JSON.stringify({ type: "response.output_text.delta", item_id: "msg_1", delta: "Hi" }),
    JSON.stringify({ type: "response.completed", response: { id: "resp_1" } }),
  ]

-  it.effect("preserves close reasons and native event causes without fabricated HTTP metadata", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      class TestSocket extends EventTarget {
-        readyState = globalThis.WebSocket.OPEN
-        send() {}
-        close() {}
-      }
-      const socket = new TestSocket()
-      const connection = yield* WebSocketTransport.fromWebSocket(
-        // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-type-assertion
-        socket as unknown as globalThis.WebSocket,
-        { url: "wss://provider.test/responses", headers: Headers.empty },
-      )
-      const event = new CloseEvent("close", { code: 1011, reason: "upstream trace: req_close" })
-      socket.dispatchEvent(event)
-      const error = yield* connection.messages.pipe(Stream.runDrain, Effect.flip)
-
-      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({ _tag: "Transport", code: "1011", phase: "close" })
-      expect(error.message).toBe("WebSocket closed with code 1011")
-      expect(error.reason.body).toBe(event.reason)
-      expect(error.reason.cause).toBe(event)
-      expect(error.reason.http).toBeUndefined()
-      yield* connection.close
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("preserves opening event errors and native send exceptions", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const cause = new Error("native send failed")
-      class TestSocket extends EventTarget {
-        readyState = globalThis.WebSocket.CONNECTING
-        send() {
-          throw cause
-        }
-        close() {}
-      }
-      const socket = new TestSocket()
-      const open = WebSocketTransport.fromWebSocket(
-        // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-type-assertion
-        socket as unknown as globalThis.WebSocket,
-        { url: "wss://provider.test/responses", headers: Headers.empty },
-      )
-      const fiber = yield* open.pipe(Effect.flip, Effect.forkChild({ startImmediately: true }))
-      const event = new ErrorEvent("error", { message: "handshake rejected", error: cause })
-      socket.dispatchEvent(event)
-      const error = yield* Fiber.join(fiber)
-      expect(error.reason.cause).toBe(cause)
-      expect(error.message).toContain("handshake rejected")
-      expect(error.reason.http).toBeUndefined()
-
-      socket.readyState = globalThis.WebSocket.OPEN
-      const connection = yield* open
-      const sent = yield* connection.sendText("create").pipe(Effect.flip)
-      expect(sent.reason.cause).toBe(cause)
-      expect(sent.message).toBe(cause.message)
-      yield* connection.close
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("preserves raw driver failures and known upgrade metadata", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const cause = new Error("driver validation failed")
-      const frame = '{ "error": "failed", "trace": "original" }'
-      const http = new HttpContext({
-        url: "https://provider.test/responses",
-        status: 101,
-        headers: { upgrade: "websocket" },
-      })
-      const executor = WebSocketTransport.makeDirect({
-        open: () =>
-          Effect.succeed({
-            http,
-            sendText: () => Effect.void,
-            messages: Stream.make(frame),
-            close: Effect.void,
-          }),
-      })
-      const execution = yield* executor.execute({
-        id: "exchange_error",
-        connect: { url: "wss://provider.test/responses", headers: Headers.empty },
-        fallback: () => Stream.empty,
-        driver: {
-          create: () => Effect.succeed({ message: "create", mode: "full" }),
-          observe: () =>
-            Effect.succeed({
-              type: "provider-failure",
-              error: new AIError({
-                reason: new InvalidProviderOutputError({
-                  message: "Driver failed",
-                  cause,
-                  body: "narrowed",
-                }),
-              }),
-            }),
-        },
-      })
-      const error = yield* execution.frames.pipe(Stream.runDrain, Effect.flip)
-
-      expect(error.message).toBe("Driver failed")
-      expect(error.reason.body).toBe(frame)
-      expect(error.reason.cause).toBe(cause)
-      expect(error.reason.http).toBe(http)
-      expect(execution.http).toBe(http)
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("retains diagnostic fields when annotating transport delivery", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const cause = new Error("connection closed")
-      const executor = WebSocketTransport.makeDirect({
-        open: () =>
-          Effect.succeed({
-            sendText: () => Effect.void,
-            messages: Stream.fail(
-              new AIError({
-                reason: new TransportError({
-                  message: "Socket closed",
-                  transport: "websocket",
-                  operation: "read",
-                  phase: "close",
-                  recovery: "retry-full",
-                  body: "server close detail",
-                  cause,
-                }),
-              }),
-            ),
-            close: Effect.void,
-          }),
-      })
-      const execution = yield* executor.execute({
-        id: "exchange_closed",
-        connect: { url: "wss://provider.test/responses", headers: Headers.empty },
-        fallback: () => Stream.empty,
-        driver: {
-          create: () => Effect.succeed({ message: "create", mode: "full" }),
-          observe: (_create, frame) => Effect.succeed({ type: "frame", frame }),
-        },
-      })
-      const error = yield* execution.frames.pipe(Stream.runDrain, Effect.flip)
-
-      expect(error.message).toBe("Socket closed")
-      expect(error.reason.body).toBe("server close detail")
-      expect(error.reason.cause).toBe(cause)
-      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({ phase: "close", delivery: "ambiguous", recovery: "retry-full" })
-      expect(error.reason.http).toBeUndefined()
-    }),
-  )
-
  it.effect("runs a channel driver through the direct executor", () =>
    Effect.gen(function* () {
      const sent = yield* Ref.make("")
@@ -32,8 +32,6 @@ describe("public exports", () => {
    expect(Provider.make).toBeFunction()
    expect(ProviderSubpath.make).toBe(Provider.make)
    expect(TestLLM.layer).toBeFunction()
-    expect(TestLLM.testLayer).toBeFunction()
-    expect(TestLLM.Test.of).toBeFunction()
  })

  test("route barrel exposes route-authoring APIs", () => {
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
      "transport": "http",
      "request": {
        "method": "POST",
-        "url": "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages?beta=true",
+        "url": "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages",
        "headers": {
          "anthropic-version": "2023-06-01",
          "content-type": "application/json"
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
      "transport": "http",
      "request": {
        "method": "POST",
-        "url": "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages?beta=true",
+        "url": "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages",
        "headers": {
          "anthropic-version": "2023-06-01",
          "content-type": "application/json"
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
      "transport": "http",
      "request": {
        "method": "POST",
-        "url": "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages?beta=true",
+        "url": "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages",
        "headers": {
          "anthropic-version": "2023-06-01",
          "content-type": "application/json"
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
      "transport": "http",
      "request": {
        "method": "POST",
-        "url": "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages?beta=true",
+        "url": "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages",
        "headers": {
          "anthropic-version": "2023-06-01",
          "content-type": "application/json"
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
      "transport": "http",
      "request": {
        "method": "POST",
-        "url": "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages?beta=true",
+        "url": "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages",
        "headers": {
          "anthropic-version": "2023-06-01",
          "content-type": "application/json"
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 {
  "version": 1,
  "metadata": {
-    "tags": ["prefix:azure", "provider:azure"],
+    "tags": [
+      "prefix:azure",
+      "provider:azure"
+    ],
    "name": "azure/chat-streams-text",
    "recordedAt": "2026-08-23T17:21:53.198Z"
  },
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 {
  "version": 1,
  "metadata": {
-    "tags": ["prefix:azure", "provider:azure"],
+    "tags": [
+      "prefix:azure",
+      "provider:azure"
+    ],
    "name": "azure/responses-calls-a-tool",
    "recordedAt": "2026-08-23T17:21:55.170Z"
  },
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 {
  "version": 1,
  "metadata": {
-    "tags": ["prefix:azure", "provider:azure"],
+    "tags": [
+      "prefix:azure",
+      "provider:azure"
+    ],
    "name": "azure/responses-continues-after-a-tool-result",
    "recordedAt": "2026-08-23T17:21:56.397Z"
  },
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 {
  "version": 1,
  "metadata": {
-    "tags": ["prefix:azure", "provider:azure"],
+    "tags": [
+      "prefix:azure",
+      "provider:azure"
+    ],
    "name": "azure/responses-streams-text",
    "recordedAt": "2026-08-23T17:21:54.158Z"
  },
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "version": 1,
-  "metadata": {
-    "provider": "cerebras",
-    "route": "cerebras-chat",
-    "transport": "http",
-    "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
-    "tags": ["prefix:cerebras-chat", "provider:cerebras", "text", "golden"],
-    "name": "cerebras-chat/cerebras-gpt-oss-120b-text",
-    "recordedAt": "2026-08-25T23:55:27.619Z"
-  },
-  "interactions": [
-    {
-      "transport": "http",
-      "request": {
-        "method": "POST",
-        "url": "https://api.cerebras.ai/v1/chat/completions",
-        "headers": {
-          "content-type": "application/json"
-        },
-        "body": "{\"model\":\"gpt-oss-120b\",\"messages\":[{\"role\":\"system\",\"content\":\"You are concise.\"},{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":\"Reply exactly with: Hello!\"}],\"stream\":true,\"stream_options\":{\"include_usage\":true},\"max_tokens\":256}"
-      },
-      "response": {
-        "status": 200,
-        "headers": {
-          "content-type": "text/event-stream; charset=utf-8"
-        },
-        "body": "data: {\"id\":\"chatcmpl-cd45cd6e-886a-433e-8ba9-caca78c1f13a\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"role\":\"assistant\"},\"index\":0}],\"created\":1787702127,\"model\":\"gpt-oss-120b\",\"system_fingerprint\":\"fp_e2cabf4999eb0aead3d1\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\"}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"chatcmpl-cd45cd6e-886a-433e-8ba9-caca78c1f13a\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"reasoning\":\"The\"},\"index\":0}],\"created\":1787702127,\"model\":\"gpt-oss-120b\",\"system_fingerprint\":\"fp_e2cabf4999eb0aead3d1\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\"}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"chatcmpl-cd45cd6e-886a-433e-8ba9-caca78c1f13a\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"reasoning\":\" user says: \\\"Reply exactly with: Hello!\\\" So we must output exactly\"},\"index\":0}],\"created\":1787702127,\"model\":\"gpt-oss-120b\",\"system_fingerprint\":\"fp_e2cabf4999eb0aead3d1\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\"}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"chatcmpl-cd45cd6e-886a-433e-8ba9-caca78c1f13a\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"reasoning\":\" \\\"Hello!\\\" with no extra characters, no formatting\"},\"index\":0}],\"created\":1787702127,\"model\":\"gpt-oss-120b\",\"system_fingerprint\":\"fp_e2cabf4999eb0aead3d1\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\"}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"chatcmpl-cd45cd6e-886a-433e-8ba9-caca78c1f13a\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"reasoning\":\". Ensure no extra spaces or new\"},\"index\":0}],\"created\":1787702127,\"model\":\"gpt-oss-120b\",\"system_fingerprint\":\"fp_e2cabf4999eb0aead3d1\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\"}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"chatcmpl-cd45cd6e-886a-433e-8ba9-caca78c1f13a\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"reasoning\":\"lines? Probably just \\\"Hello!\\\".\"},\"index\":0}],\"created\":1787702127,\"model\":\"gpt-oss-120b\",\"system_fingerprint\":\"fp_e2cabf4999eb0aead3d1\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\"}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"chatcmpl-cd45cd6e-886a-433e-8ba9-caca78c1f13a\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"reasoning\":\" Usually we output exactly that.\"},\"index\":0}],\"created\":1787702127,\"model\":\"gpt-oss-120b\",\"system_fingerprint\":\"fp_e2cabf4999eb0aead3d1\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\"}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"chatcmpl-cd45cd6e-886a-433e-8ba9-caca78c1f13a\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"content\":\"Hello!\"},\"index\":0}],\"created\":1787702127,\"model\":\"gpt-oss-120b\",\"system_fingerprint\":\"fp_e2cabf4999eb0aead3d1\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\"}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"chatcmpl-cd45cd6e-886a-433e-8ba9-caca78c1f13a\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{},\"finish_reason\":\"stop\",\"index\":0}],\"created\":1787702127,\"model\":\"gpt-oss-120b\",\"system_fingerprint\":\"fp_e2cabf4999eb0aead3d1\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":{\"total_tokens\":142,\"completion_tokens\":58,\"completion_tokens_details\":{\"accepted_prediction_tokens\":0,\"rejected_prediction_tokens\":0,\"reasoning_tokens\":46},\"prompt_tokens\":84,\"prompt_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":0}},\"time_info\":{\"created\":1787702127.645281,\"queue_time\":0.003817115,\"prompt_time\":0.001587193,\"completion_time\":0.029805929,\"total_time\":0.036823272705078125}}\n\ndata: [DONE]\n\n"
-      }
-    }
-  ]
-}
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "version": 1,
-  "metadata": {
-    "provider": "cerebras",
-    "route": "cerebras-chat",
-    "transport": "http",
-    "model": "gpt-oss-120b",
-    "tags": ["prefix:cerebras-chat", "provider:cerebras", "tool", "tool-call", "golden"],
-    "name": "cerebras-chat/cerebras-gpt-oss-120b-tool-call",
-    "recordedAt": "2026-08-25T23:55:28.454Z"
-  },
-  "interactions": [
-    {
-      "transport": "http",
-      "request": {
-        "method": "POST",
-        "url": "https://api.cerebras.ai/v1/chat/completions",
-        "headers": {
-          "content-type": "application/json"
-        },
-        "body": "{\"model\":\"gpt-oss-120b\",\"messages\":[{\"role\":\"system\",\"content\":\"Call tools exactly as requested.\"},{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":\"Call get_weather with city exactly Paris.\"}],\"tools\":[{\"type\":\"function\",\"function\":{\"name\":\"get_weather\",\"description\":\"Get current weather for a city.\",\"parameters\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"properties\":{\"city\":{\"type\":\"string\"}},\"required\":[\"city\"],\"additionalProperties\":false},\"strict\":false}}],\"tool_choice\":{\"type\":\"function\",\"function\":{\"name\":\"get_weather\"}},\"stream\":true,\"stream_options\":{\"include_usage\":true},\"max_tokens\":512}"
-      },
-      "response": {
-        "status": 200,
-        "headers": {
-          "content-type": "text/event-stream; charset=utf-8"
-        },
-        "body": "data: {\"id\":\"chatcmpl-402a09cc-8668-446d-8f9c-3e4121f5fa51\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"role\":\"assistant\"},\"index\":0}],\"created\":1787702127,\"model\":\"gpt-oss-120b\",\"system_fingerprint\":\"fp_4cfabdd6620dc0120785\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\"}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"chatcmpl-402a09cc-8668-446d-8f9c-3e4121f5fa51\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"reasoning\":\"We\"},\"index\":0}],\"created\":1787702127,\"model\":\"gpt-oss-120b\",\"system_fingerprint\":\"fp_4cfabdd6620dc0120785\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\"}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"chatcmpl-402a09cc-8668-446d-8f9c-3e4121f5fa51\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"reasoning\":\" need to call the function get_weather with city \\\"\"},\"index\":0}],\"created\":1787702127,\"model\":\"gpt-oss-120b\",\"system_fingerprint\":\"fp_4cfabdd6620dc0120785\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\"}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"chatcmpl-402a09cc-8668-446d-8f9c-3e4121f5fa51\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"reasoning\":\"Paris\\\".\"},\"index\":0}],\"created\":1787702127,\"model\":\"gpt-oss-120b\",\"system_fingerprint\":\"fp_4cfabdd6620dc0120785\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\"}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"chatcmpl-402a09cc-8668-446d-8f9c-3e4121f5fa51\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"tool_calls\":[{\"function\":{\"name\":\"get_weather\",\"arguments\":\"\"},\"type\":\"function\",\"id\":\"3d860cefe\",\"index\":0}]},\"index\":0}],\"created\":1787702127,\"model\":\"gpt-oss-120b\",\"system_fingerprint\":\"fp_4cfabdd6620dc0120785\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\"}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"chatcmpl-402a09cc-8668-446d-8f9c-3e4121f5fa51\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{\"tool_calls\":[{\"function\":{\"arguments\":\"{\\\"city\\\":\\\"Paris\\\"}\"},\"type\":\"function\",\"index\":0}]},\"index\":0}],\"created\":1787702127,\"model\":\"gpt-oss-120b\",\"system_fingerprint\":\"fp_4cfabdd6620dc0120785\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\"}\n\ndata: {\"id\":\"chatcmpl-402a09cc-8668-446d-8f9c-3e4121f5fa51\",\"choices\":[{\"delta\":{},\"finish_reason\":\"tool_calls\",\"index\":0}],\"created\":1787702127,\"model\":\"gpt-oss-120b\",\"system_fingerprint\":\"fp_4cfabdd6620dc0120785\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"usage\":{\"total_tokens\":174,\"completion_tokens\":37,\"completion_tokens_details\":{\"accepted_prediction_tokens\":0,\"rejected_prediction_tokens\":0,\"reasoning_tokens\":13},\"prompt_tokens\":137,\"prompt_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":0}},\"time_info\":{\"created\":1787702127.8019717,\"queue_time\":0.31196235,\"prompt_time\":0.005234764,\"completion_time\":0.020198402,\"total_time\":0.702225923538208}}\n\ndata: [DONE]\n\n"
-      }
-    }
-  ]
-}
@@ -7,7 +7,13 @@
    "route": "cloudflare-workers-ai",
    "transport": "http",
    "model": "@cf/openai/gpt-oss-20b",
-    "tags": ["prefix:cloudflare-workers-ai", "provider:cloudflare-workers-ai", "tool", "tool-call", "golden"]
+    "tags": [
+      "prefix:cloudflare-workers-ai",
+      "provider:cloudflare-workers-ai",
+      "tool",
+      "tool-call",
+      "golden"
+    ]
  },
  "interactions": [
    {
@@ -29,4 +35,4 @@
      }
    }
  ]
-}
+}
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "version": 1,
-  "metadata": {
-    "provider": "deepinfra",
-    "route": "deepinfra-chat",
-    "transport": "http",
-    "model": "meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct-Turbo",
-    "tags": ["prefix:deepinfra-chat", "provider:deepinfra", "text", "golden"],
-    "name": "deepinfra-chat/deepinfra-llama-3-3-70b-text",
-    "recordedAt": "2026-08-26T00:34:03.019Z"
-  },
-  "interactions": [
-    {
-      "transport": "http",
-      "request": {
-        "method": "POST",
-        "url": "https://api.deepinfra.com/v1/openai/chat/completions",
-        "headers": {
-          "content-type": "application/json"
-        },
-        "body": "{\"model\":\"meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct-Turbo\",\"messages\":[{\"role\":\"system\",\"content\":\"You are concise.\"},{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":\"Reply exactly with: Hello!\"}],\"stream\":true,\"stream_options\":{\"include_usage\":true},\"max_tokens\":40,\"temperature\":0}"
-      },
-      "response": {
-        "status": 200,
-        "headers": {
-          "content-type": "text/event-stream; charset=utf-8"
-        },
-        "body": "data: {\"service_tier\":null,\"id\":\"chatcmpl-RbZ8MyY5pos2MShihSmoXoRe\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1787704442,\"model\":\"meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct-Turbo\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"role\":\"assistant\",\"content\":\"\",\"reasoning_content\":null,\"tool_calls\":null},\"logprobs\":null,\"finish_reason\":null}],\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-RbZ8MyY5pos2MShihSmoXoRe\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1787704442,\"model\":\"meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct-Turbo\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"role\":\"assistant\",\"content\":\"Hello\",\"reasoning_content\":null,\"tool_calls\":null},\"logprobs\":null,\"finish_reason\":null}],\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-RbZ8MyY5pos2MShihSmoXoRe\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1787704442,\"model\":\"meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct-Turbo\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"role\":\"assistant\",\"content\":\"!\",\"reasoning_content\":null,\"tool_calls\":null},\"logprobs\":null,\"finish_reason\":null}],\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-RbZ8MyY5pos2MShihSmoXoRe\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1787704442,\"model\":\"meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct-Turbo\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"role\":\"assistant\",\"content\":\"\",\"reasoning_content\":null,\"tool_calls\":null},\"logprobs\":null,\"finish_reason\":\"stop\"}],\"usage\":{\"prompt_tokens\":25,\"total_tokens\":28,\"completion_tokens\":3,\"estimated_cost\":null,\"prompt_tokens_details\":null}}\n\ndata: {\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-RbZ8MyY5pos2MShihSmoXoRe\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1787704442,\"model\":\"meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct-Turbo\",\"choices\":[],\"usage\":{\"prompt_tokens\":25,\"total_tokens\":28,\"completion_tokens\":3,\"estimated_cost\":3.46e-6,\"prompt_tokens_details\":null}}\n\ndata: [DONE]\n\n"
-      }
-    }
-  ]
-}
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "version": 1,
-  "metadata": {
-    "provider": "deepinfra",
-    "route": "deepinfra-chat",
-    "transport": "http",
-    "model": "meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct-Turbo",
-    "tags": ["prefix:deepinfra-chat", "provider:deepinfra", "tool", "tool-call", "golden"],
-    "name": "deepinfra-chat/deepinfra-llama-3-3-70b-tool-call",
-    "recordedAt": "2026-08-26T00:34:04.173Z"
-  },
-  "interactions": [
-    {
-      "transport": "http",
-      "request": {
-        "method": "POST",
-        "url": "https://api.deepinfra.com/v1/openai/chat/completions",
-        "headers": {
-          "content-type": "application/json"
-        },
-        "body": "{\"model\":\"meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct-Turbo\",\"messages\":[{\"role\":\"system\",\"content\":\"Call tools exactly as requested.\"},{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":\"Call get_weather with city exactly Paris.\"}],\"tools\":[{\"type\":\"function\",\"function\":{\"name\":\"get_weather\",\"description\":\"Get current weather for a city.\",\"parameters\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"properties\":{\"city\":{\"type\":\"string\"}},\"required\":[\"city\"],\"additionalProperties\":false},\"strict\":false}}],\"tool_choice\":{\"type\":\"function\",\"function\":{\"name\":\"get_weather\"}},\"stream\":true,\"stream_options\":{\"include_usage\":true},\"max_tokens\":80,\"temperature\":0}"
-      },
-      "response": {
-        "status": 200,
-        "headers": {
-          "content-type": "text/event-stream; charset=utf-8"
-        },
-        "body": "data: {\"service_tier\":null,\"id\":\"chatcmpl-RFOwhlB2PhZrgMLviGrx5BQf\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1787704443,\"model\":\"meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct-Turbo\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"role\":\"assistant\",\"content\":\"\",\"reasoning_content\":null,\"tool_calls\":null},\"logprobs\":null,\"finish_reason\":null}],\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-RFOwhlB2PhZrgMLviGrx5BQf\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1787704443,\"model\":\"meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct-Turbo\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"role\":\"assistant\",\"content\":\"\",\"reasoning_content\":null,\"tool_calls\":[{\"index\":0,\"id\":\"call_SMfBjXa8eCmHLyjfeyARxe3a\",\"function\":{\"arguments\":\"{\\\"city\\\": \\\"Paris\\\"}\",\"name\":\"get_weather\"},\"type\":\"function\"}]},\"logprobs\":null,\"finish_reason\":null}],\"usage\":null}\n\ndata: {\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-RFOwhlB2PhZrgMLviGrx5BQf\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1787704443,\"model\":\"meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct-Turbo\",\"choices\":[{\"index\":0,\"delta\":{\"role\":\"assistant\",\"content\":\"\",\"reasoning_content\":null,\"tool_calls\":null},\"logprobs\":null,\"finish_reason\":\"stop\"}],\"usage\":{\"prompt_tokens\":230,\"total_tokens\":244,\"completion_tokens\":14,\"estimated_cost\":null,\"prompt_tokens_details\":null}}\n\ndata: {\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"chatcmpl-RFOwhlB2PhZrgMLviGrx5BQf\",\"object\":\"chat.completion.chunk\",\"created\":1787704443,\"model\":\"meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct-Turbo\",\"choices\":[],\"usage\":{\"prompt_tokens\":230,\"total_tokens\":244,\"completion_tokens\":14,\"estimated_cost\":0.000027480000000000005,\"prompt_tokens_details\":null}}\n\ndata: [DONE]\n\n"
-      }
-    }
-  ]
-}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More