feat(tui): expose native OpenCode theme

Co-authored-by: Aiden Cline <rekram1-node@users.noreply.github.com>

bun.lock

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
         "opencode2": "./bin/opencode2.cjs",
       },
       "dependencies": {
-        "@agentclientprotocol/sdk": "0.21.0",
+        "@agentclientprotocol/sdk": "1.2.1",
         "@effect/platform-node": "catalog:",
         "@opencode-ai/client": "workspace:*",
         "@opencode-ai/plugin": "workspace:*",
@@ -1173,7 +1173,7 @@
 
     "@adobe/css-tools": ["@adobe/css-tools@4.5.0", "", {}, "sha512-6OzddxPio9UiWTCemp4N8cYLV2ZN1ncRnV1cVGtve7dhPOtRkleRyx32GQCYSwDYgaHU3USMm84tNsvKzRCa1Q=="],
 
-    "@agentclientprotocol/sdk": ["@agentclientprotocol/sdk@0.21.0", "", { "peerDependencies": { "zod": "^3.25.0 || ^4.0.0" } }, "sha512-ONj+Q8qOdNQp5XbH5jnMwzT9IKZJsSN0p0lkceS4GtUtNOPVLpNzSS8gqQdGMKfBvA0ESbkL8BTaSN1Rc9miEw=="],
+    "@agentclientprotocol/sdk": ["@agentclientprotocol/sdk@1.2.1", "", { "peerDependencies": { "zod": "^3.25.0 || ^4.0.0" } }, "sha512-jwYUdOQR7tc+Zfch53VL4JJyUNK/46q03uUTYb+PjECsmnNl94XFXOfYLJ8RBpMNidXd1rpOAVgb0vqD98xImA=="],
 
     "@ai-sdk/alibaba": ["@ai-sdk/alibaba@1.0.17", "", { "dependencies": { "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible": "2.0.41", "@ai-sdk/provider": "3.0.8", "@ai-sdk/provider-utils": "4.0.23" }, "peerDependencies": { "zod": "^3.25.76 || ^4.1.8" } }, "sha512-ZbE+U5bWz2JBc5DERLowx5+TKbjGBE93LqKZAWvuEn7HOSQMraxFMZuc0ST335QZJAyfBOzh7m1mPQ+y7EaaoA=="],
 

packages/ai/src/protocols/bedrock-converse.ts

@@ -436,21 +436,22 @@ const mapFinishReason = (reason: string): FinishReason => {
   return "unknown"
 }
 
-// AWS Bedrock Converse reports `inputTokens` (inclusive total) with
-// `cacheReadInputTokens` and `cacheWriteInputTokens` as subsets. Pass
-// the total through and derive the non-cached breakdown. Bedrock does
-// not break reasoning out of `outputTokens` for any current model.
+// AWS reports inputTokens separately from cache reads and writes.
+// Bedrock does not break reasoning out of outputTokens for current models.
 const mapUsage = (usage: BedrockUsageSchema | undefined): Usage | undefined => {
   if (!usage) return undefined
-  const cacheTotal = (usage.cacheReadInputTokens ?? 0) + (usage.cacheWriteInputTokens ?? 0)
-  const nonCached = ProviderShared.subtractTokens(usage.inputTokens, cacheTotal)
+  const inputTokens = ProviderShared.sumTokens(
+    usage.inputTokens,
+    usage.cacheReadInputTokens,
+    usage.cacheWriteInputTokens,
+  )
   return new Usage({
-    inputTokens: usage.inputTokens,
+    inputTokens,
     outputTokens: usage.outputTokens,
-    nonCachedInputTokens: nonCached,
+    nonCachedInputTokens: usage.inputTokens,
     cacheReadInputTokens: usage.cacheReadInputTokens,
     cacheWriteInputTokens: usage.cacheWriteInputTokens,
-    totalTokens: ProviderShared.totalTokens(usage.inputTokens, usage.outputTokens, usage.totalTokens),
+    totalTokens: ProviderShared.totalTokens(inputTokens, usage.outputTokens, usage.totalTokens),
     providerMetadata: { bedrock: usage },
   })
 }

packages/ai/src/protocols/openai-responses.ts

@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ const OpenAIResponsesEvent = Schema.Struct({
       Schema.Struct({
         id: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
         service_tier: optionalNull(Schema.String),
-        incomplete_details: optionalNull(Schema.Struct({ reason: Schema.String })),
+        incomplete_details: optionalNull(Schema.Struct({ reason: Schema.optional(Schema.String) })),
         usage: optionalNull(OpenAIResponsesUsage),
         error: optionalNull(OpenAIResponsesErrorPayload),
       }),
@@ -602,7 +602,8 @@ const mapUsage = (usage: OpenAIResponsesUsage | null | undefined) => {
 
 const mapFinishReason = (event: OpenAIResponsesEvent, hasFunctionCall: boolean): FinishReason => {
   const reason = event.response?.incomplete_details?.reason
-  if (reason === undefined || reason === null) return hasFunctionCall ? "tool-calls" : "stop"
+  if (reason === undefined || reason === null)
+    return hasFunctionCall ? "tool-calls" : event.type === "response.incomplete" ? "unknown" : "stop"
   if (reason === "max_output_tokens") return "length"
   if (reason === "content_filter") return "content-filter"
   return hasFunctionCall ? "tool-calls" : "unknown"

packages/ai/src/schema/events.ts

@@ -34,11 +34,12 @@ import { ProviderFailureClassification } from "./errors"
  *
  * **Semantics by provider**:
  *
- * - OpenAI Chat / Responses / Gemini / Bedrock: provider reports inclusive
+ * - OpenAI Chat / Responses / Gemini: provider reports inclusive
  *   `inputTokens` and an inclusive `outputTokens`; mapper subtracts to
  *   derive the breakdown.
- * - Anthropic: provider reports the breakdown natively (`input_tokens` is
- *   non-cached only); mapper sums to derive the inclusive `inputTokens`.
+ * - Anthropic and Bedrock report the input breakdown natively: Anthropic's
+ *   `input_tokens` and Bedrock's `inputTokens` are non-cached only. Their
+ *   mappers sum the breakdown to derive the inclusive `inputTokens`.
  *   Anthropic does *not* break extended-thinking out of `output_tokens`, so
  *   `reasoningTokens` is `undefined` and `outputTokens` carries the
  *   combined total — a documented limitation of the Anthropic API.

packages/ai/test/provider/bedrock-converse-cache.recorded.test.ts

@@ -13,12 +13,8 @@ const RECORDING_REGION = process.env.BEDROCK_RECORDING_REGION ?? "us-east-1"
 // call wouldn't deterministically prove cache mapping works. Override with
 // BEDROCK_CACHE_MODEL_ID if your account has access elsewhere.
 const model = AmazonBedrock.configure({
-  credentials: {
-    region: RECORDING_REGION,
-    accessKeyId: process.env.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID ?? "fixture",
-    secretAccessKey: process.env.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY ?? "fixture",
-    sessionToken: process.env.AWS_SESSION_TOKEN,
-  },
+  apiKey: process.env.AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK ?? "fixture",
+  region: RECORDING_REGION,
 }).model(process.env.BEDROCK_CACHE_MODEL_ID ?? "us.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0")
 
 const cacheRequest = LLM.request({
@@ -36,7 +32,7 @@ const recorded = recordedTests({
   prefix: "bedrock-converse-cache",
   provider: "amazon-bedrock",
   protocol: "bedrock-converse",
-  requires: ["AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID", "AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"],
+  requires: ["AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK"],
   // Two identical requests in one cassette — replay walks the cassette in
   // recording order so the second call replays the cached-hit interaction.
 })
@@ -45,10 +41,20 @@ describe("Bedrock Converse cache recorded", () => {
   recorded.effect.with("writes then reads cachePoint on identical second call", { tags: ["cache"] }, () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const first = yield* LLMClient.generate(cacheRequest)
-      expect(first.usage?.cacheReadInputTokens ?? 0).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0)
+      expect(first.usage?.cacheWriteInputTokens ?? 0).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+      expect(first.usage?.inputTokens).toBe(
+        (first.usage?.nonCachedInputTokens ?? 0) +
+          (first.usage?.cacheReadInputTokens ?? 0) +
+          (first.usage?.cacheWriteInputTokens ?? 0),
+      )
 
       const second = yield* LLMClient.generate(cacheRequest)
       expect(second.usage?.cacheReadInputTokens ?? 0).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+      expect(second.usage?.inputTokens).toBe(
+        (second.usage?.nonCachedInputTokens ?? 0) +
+          (second.usage?.cacheReadInputTokens ?? 0) +
+          (second.usage?.cacheWriteInputTokens ?? 0),
+      )
     }),
   )
 })

packages/ai/test/provider/bedrock-converse.test.ts

@@ -269,6 +269,39 @@ describe("Bedrock Converse route", () => {
     }),
   )
 
+  it.effect("adds cache reads and writes to Bedrock input usage", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const body = eventStreamBody(
+        ["messageStart", { role: "assistant" }],
+        ["contentBlockDelta", { contentBlockIndex: 0, delta: { text: "Hello" } }],
+        ["contentBlockStop", { contentBlockIndex: 0 }],
+        ["messageStop", { stopReason: "end_turn" }],
+        [
+          "metadata",
+          {
+            usage: {
+              inputTokens: 5,
+              outputTokens: 2,
+              totalTokens: 12,
+              cacheReadInputTokens: 3,
+              cacheWriteInputTokens: 2,
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+      )
+      const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(baseRequest).pipe(Effect.provide(fixedBytes(body)))
+
+      expect(response.usage).toMatchObject({
+        inputTokens: 10,
+        nonCachedInputTokens: 5,
+        cacheReadInputTokens: 3,
+        cacheWriteInputTokens: 2,
+        outputTokens: 2,
+        totalTokens: 12,
+      })
+    }),
+  )
+
   it.effect("assembles streamed tool call input", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const body = eventStreamBody(

packages/ai/test/provider/openai-responses.test.ts

@@ -870,6 +870,32 @@ describe("OpenAI Responses route", () => {
     }),
   )
 
+  it.effect("maps incomplete response reasons", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const generate = (incompleteDetails: object) =>
+        LLMClient.generate(request).pipe(
+          Effect.provide(
+            fixedResponse(
+              sseEvents({
+                type: "response.incomplete",
+                response: { id: "resp_incomplete", incomplete_details: incompleteDetails },
+              }),
+            ),
+          ),
+        )
+
+      const length = yield* generate({ reason: "max_output_tokens" })
+      const contentFilter = yield* generate({ reason: "content_filter" })
+      const unknown = yield* generate({})
+
+      expect([length.finishReason, contentFilter.finishReason, unknown.finishReason]).toEqual([
+        "length",
+        "content-filter",
+        "unknown",
+      ])
+    }),
+  )
+
   // OpenAI's documented stream orders output text within one message item; no
   // provider-valid same-kind overlap is evidenced, so done boundaries close it.
   it.effect("closes sequential output messages before starting the next", () =>

packages/app/src/components/dialog-select-model-unpaid-v2.tsx

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ export const DialogSelectModelUnpaidV2: Component<{ model?: ModelState }> = (pro
                   class="w-full"
                   placement="right-start"
                   gutter={6}
-                  instant
+                  openDelay={0}
                   contentStyle={{ "font-family": "var(--v2-font-family-sans)" }}
                   value={
                     <ModelTooltip

packages/app/src/components/dialog-select-model.tsx

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ const ModelList: Component<{
           class="w-full"
           placement="right-start"
           gutter={12}
-          instant
+          openDelay={0}
           value={<ModelTooltip model={item} latest={item.latest} free={isFree(item.provider.id, item.cost)} />}
         >
           {node}
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ export function ModelSelectorPopoverV2(props: {
                               class="w-full"
                               placement="right-start"
                               gutter={6}
-                              instant
+                              openDelay={0}
                               value={
                                 <ModelTooltip
                                   model={item}

packages/app/src/components/prompt-input/context-items.tsx

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ export const PromptContextItems: Component<ContextItemsProps> = (props) => {
                   </span>
                 }
                 placement="top"
+                openDelay={800}
               >
                 <div
                   classList={{

packages/app/src/components/prompt-input/image-attachments.tsx

@@ -52,7 +52,12 @@ export const PromptImageAttachments: Component<PromptImageAttachmentsProps> = (p
             <For each={props.comments ?? []}>
               {(item) => (
                 <div class="relative group shrink-0">
-                  <TooltipV2 value={item.comment} placement="top" contentClass="max-w-[300px] break-words">
+                  <TooltipV2
+                    value={item.comment}
+                    placement="top"
+                    openDelay={800}
+                    contentClass="max-w-[300px] break-words"
+                  >
                     <CommentCardV2
                       comment={item.comment ?? ""}
                       path={item.path}

packages/app/src/components/titlebar.tsx

@@ -607,6 +607,7 @@ export function Titlebar(props: { update?: TitlebarUpdate; debugTools?: { visibl
                           placement="bottom"
                           title={language.t("command.session.new")}
                           keybind={command.keybind("session.new")}
+                          openDelay={800}
                         >
                           <Button
                             variant="ghost"
@@ -636,7 +637,7 @@ export function Titlebar(props: { update?: TitlebarUpdate; debugTools?: { visibl
                   >
                     <Show when={hasProjects() && nav()}>
                       <div class="flex items-center gap-0 transition-transform">
-                        <Tooltip placement="bottom" value={language.t("common.goBack")}>
+                        <Tooltip placement="bottom" value={language.t("common.goBack")} openDelay={800}>
                           <Button
                             variant="ghost"
                             icon="chevron-left"
@@ -646,7 +647,7 @@ export function Titlebar(props: { update?: TitlebarUpdate; debugTools?: { visibl
                             aria-label={language.t("common.goBack")}
                           />
                         </Tooltip>
-                        <Tooltip placement="bottom" value={language.t("common.goForward")}>
+                        <Tooltip placement="bottom" value={language.t("common.goForward")} openDelay={800}>
                           <Button
                             variant="ghost"
                             icon="chevron-right"

packages/app/src/pages/new-session.tsx

@@ -263,6 +263,7 @@ function ProviderTip(props: { ready: () => boolean; connected: () => boolean; op
           <TooltipV2
             class="hover-reveal absolute left-full top-0 flex h-6 w-7 items-center justify-end delay-0 duration-0 group-hover/provider-tip:delay-[250ms] group-hover/provider-tip:duration-150 group-hover/provider-tip:opacity-100 focus-within:delay-0 focus-within:duration-0 focus-within:opacity-100"
             placement="top"
+            openDelay={1000}
             value={language.t("common.dismiss")}
           >
             <button

packages/cli/package.json

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
     "typecheck": "tsgo --noEmit"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@agentclientprotocol/sdk": "0.21.0",
+    "@agentclientprotocol/sdk": "1.2.1",
     "@effect/platform-node": "catalog:",
     "@opencode-ai/client": "workspace:*",
     "@opencode-ai/plugin": "workspace:*",

packages/cli/src/acp/agent.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   type AuthenticateRequest,
   type CancelNotification,
   type CloseSessionRequest,
+  type DeleteSessionRequest,
   type ForkSessionRequest,
   type InitializeRequest,
   type ListSessionsRequest,
@@ -13,7 +14,6 @@ import {
   type PromptRequest,
   type ResumeSessionRequest,
   type SetSessionConfigOptionRequest,
-  type SetSessionModelRequest,
   type SetSessionModeRequest,
 } from "@agentclientprotocol/sdk"
 import type { OpenCodeClient } from "@opencode-ai/client/promise"
@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ export function create(client: OpenCodeClient, connection: AgentSideConnection)
     newSession: (params: NewSessionRequest) => run(service.newSession(params)),
     loadSession: (params: LoadSessionRequest) => run(service.loadSession(params)),
     listSessions: (params: ListSessionsRequest) => run(service.listSessions(params)),
+    deleteSession: (params: DeleteSessionRequest) => run(service.deleteSession(params)),
     resumeSession: (params: ResumeSessionRequest) => run(service.resumeSession(params)),
     closeSession: (params: CloseSessionRequest) => run(service.closeSession(params)),
     unstable_forkSession: (params: ForkSessionRequest) => run(service.forkSession(params)),
     setSessionConfigOption: (params: SetSessionConfigOptionRequest) => run(service.setSessionConfigOption(params)),
     setSessionMode: (params: SetSessionModeRequest) => run(service.setSessionMode(params)),
-    unstable_setSessionModel: (params: SetSessionModelRequest) => run(service.setSessionModel(params)),
     prompt: (params: PromptRequest) => run(service.prompt(params)),
     cancel: (params: CancelNotification) => run(service.cancel(params)),
   } satisfies Agent

packages/cli/src/acp/event.ts

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ export async function streamTurn(input: {
   readonly sessionID: string
   readonly cwd: string
   readonly start: TurnStart
-  readonly userMessageID?: string | null
+  readonly writeTextFile: boolean
   readonly submit: (signal: AbortSignal) => Promise<unknown>
   readonly control: TurnControl
 }): Promise<PromptResponse> {
@@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ export async function streamTurn(input: {
         tools.delete(event.data.callID)
         await syncEditedFiles({
           connection: input.connection,
+          writeTextFile: input.writeTextFile,
           sessionID: input.sessionID,
           cwd: input.cwd,
           toolName: current.name,
@@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ export async function streamTurn(input: {
       if (!started) {
         streamController.abort()
         await completed.catch(() => {})
-        return response(undefined, undefined, "interrupted", true, undefined, input.userMessageID)
+        return response(undefined, undefined, "interrupted", true, undefined)
       }
     }
     const terminal = await completed
@@ -246,7 +247,6 @@ export async function streamTurn(input: {
       terminal,
       control.cancelled,
       finish,
-      input.userMessageID,
     )
   } catch (error) {
     streamController.abort()
@@ -400,7 +400,6 @@ function response(
   terminal: "succeeded" | "failed" | "interrupted",
   cancelled: boolean,
   finish: SessionMessageAssistant["finish"],
-  messageID: string | null | undefined,
 ): PromptResponse {
   const error = assistant?.error ?? executionError
   if (error?.type === "provider.auth") throw new ACPError.AuthRequiredError()
@@ -423,7 +422,7 @@ function response(
       }
     : undefined
   const stopReason = resolveStopReason({ terminal, cancelled, finish, error: error?.type })
-  return { stopReason, ...(usage ? { usage } : {}), ...(messageID ? { userMessageId: messageID } : {}), _meta: {} }
+  return { stopReason, ...(usage ? { usage } : {}), _meta: {} }
 }
 
 function resolveStopReason(input: {

packages/cli/src/acp/permission.ts

@@ -53,13 +53,14 @@ export async function replyPermission(input: {
 
 export async function syncEditedFiles(input: {
   readonly connection: Partial<Pick<AgentSideConnection, "writeTextFile">>
+  readonly writeTextFile: boolean
   readonly sessionID: string
   readonly cwd: string
   readonly toolName: string
   readonly toolInput: ToolInput
   readonly structured: Readonly<Record<string, unknown>>
 }) {
-  if (!input.connection.writeTextFile || toToolKind(input.toolName) !== "edit") return
+  if (!input.writeTextFile || !input.connection.writeTextFile || toToolKind(input.toolName) !== "edit") return
   const files = Array.isArray(input.structured.files)
     ? input.structured.files.flatMap((file): string[] => {
         if (!file || typeof file !== "object") return []

packages/cli/src/acp/service.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ import type {
   CancelNotification,
   CloseSessionRequest,
   CloseSessionResponse,
+  DeleteSessionRequest,
+  DeleteSessionResponse,
   ForkSessionRequest,
   ForkSessionResponse,
   InitializeRequest,
@@ -33,8 +35,6 @@ import type {
   ResumeSessionResponse,
   SetSessionConfigOptionRequest,
   SetSessionConfigOptionResponse,
-  SetSessionModelRequest,
-  SetSessionModelResponse,
   SetSessionModeRequest,
   SetSessionModeResponse,
 } from "@agentclientprotocol/sdk"
@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ import { ACPError } from "./error"
 
 export const AuthMethodID = "opencode-login"
 
-type Connection = Pick<AgentSideConnection, "sessionUpdate" | "requestPermission">
+type Connection = Pick<AgentSideConnection, "sessionUpdate" | "requestPermission"> &
+  Partial<Pick<AgentSideConnection, "writeTextFile">>
 
 type Catalog = {
   readonly providers: ConfigOptionProvider[]
@@ -83,12 +84,12 @@ export interface Interface {
   newSession(input: NewSessionRequest): Promise<NewSessionResponse>
   loadSession(input: LoadSessionRequest): Promise<LoadSessionResponse>
   listSessions(input: ListSessionsRequest): Promise<ListSessionsResponse>
+  deleteSession(input: DeleteSessionRequest): Promise<DeleteSessionResponse>
   resumeSession(input: ResumeSessionRequest): Promise<ResumeSessionResponse>
   closeSession(input: CloseSessionRequest): Promise<CloseSessionResponse>
   forkSession(input: ForkSessionRequest): Promise<ForkSessionResponse>
   setSessionConfigOption(input: SetSessionConfigOptionRequest): Promise<SetSessionConfigOptionResponse>
   setSessionMode(input: SetSessionModeRequest): Promise<SetSessionModeResponse>
-  setSessionModel(input: SetSessionModelRequest): Promise<SetSessionModelResponse>
   prompt(input: PromptRequest): Promise<PromptResponse>
   cancel(input: CancelNotification): Promise<void>
 }
@@ -98,6 +99,7 @@ export function make(input: { readonly client: OpenCodeClient; readonly connecti
   const catalogs = new Map<string, Promise<Catalog>>()
   const registeredMcp = new Map<string, Set<string>>()
   const active = new Map<string, TurnControl>()
+  const capabilities = { writeTextFile: false }
 
   const catalog = (cwd: string) => {
     const cached = catalogs.get(cwd)
@@ -157,6 +159,7 @@ export function make(input: { readonly client: OpenCodeClient; readonly connecti
 
   return {
     initialize: async (params) => {
+      capabilities.writeTextFile = params.clientCapabilities?.fs?.writeTextFile === true
       const authMethod: AuthMethod = {
         description: "Run `opencode auth login` in the terminal",
         name: "Login with opencode",
@@ -173,7 +176,7 @@ export function make(input: { readonly client: OpenCodeClient; readonly connecti
           loadSession: true,
           mcpCapabilities: { http: true, sse: false },
           promptCapabilities: { embeddedContext: true, image: true },
-          sessionCapabilities: { close: {}, fork: {}, list: {}, resume: {} },
+          sessionCapabilities: { close: {}, delete: {}, fork: {}, list: {}, resume: {} },
         },
         authMethods: [authMethod],
         agentInfo: { name: "OpenCode", version: OPENCODE_VERSION },
@@ -216,6 +219,14 @@ export function make(input: { readonly client: OpenCodeClient; readonly connecti
         ...(page.cursor.next ? { nextCursor: page.cursor.next } : {}),
       }
     },
+    deleteSession: async (params) => {
+      await input.client.session.remove({ sessionID: params.sessionId }).catch((error) => {
+        if (!isSessionNotFoundError(error)) throw error
+      })
+      sessions.delete(params.sessionId)
+      registeredMcp.delete(params.sessionId)
+      return {}
+    },
     resumeSession: async (params) => {
       const session = await getSession(input.client, params.sessionId)
       const state = await attach(session, session.location.directory, params.mcpServers ?? [])
@@ -270,13 +281,6 @@ export function make(input: { readonly client: OpenCodeClient; readonly connecti
       await selectMode(input.client, await requireSession(params.sessionId), params.modeId)
       return {}
     },
-    setSessionModel: async (params) => {
-      const state = await requireSession(params.sessionId)
-      const selected = requireModel(state.catalog, params.modelId)
-      state.model = selected
-      await input.client.session.switchModel({ sessionID: state.id, model: selected })
-      return {}
-    },
     prompt: async (params) => {
       const state = await requireSession(params.sessionId)
       if (active.has(state.id)) {
@@ -295,7 +299,7 @@ export function make(input: { readonly client: OpenCodeClient; readonly connecti
         sessionID: state.id,
         cwd: state.cwd,
         start: prepared.start,
-        userMessageID: params.messageId,
+        writeTextFile: capabilities.writeTextFile,
         control,
         submit: (signal) => submitPrompt(input.client, state, prepared, signal),
       }).finally(() => {
@@ -479,6 +483,7 @@ async function registerMcpServers(
 
 function mcpConfig(server: McpServer) {
   if ("type" in server) {
+    if (server.type === "acp") throw new Error("MCP-over-ACP is not supported")
     return {
       type: "remote" as const,
       url: server.url,

packages/cli/src/commands/commands.ts

@@ -140,11 +140,11 @@ export const Commands = Spec.make(typeof OPENCODE_CLI_NAME === "string" ? OPENCO
           Flag.withDefault(false),
         ),
         replay: Flag.boolean("replay").pipe(
-          Flag.withDescription("Replay session history on resume and after resize"),
-          Flag.withDefault(true),
+          Flag.withDescription("Restore session history on resume and resize (disable with --no-replay)"),
+          Flag.optional,
         ),
         replayLimit: Flag.integer("replay-limit").pipe(
-          Flag.withDescription("Cap visible replay to the newest N messages"),
+          Flag.withDescription("Limit replay to the newest N messages (default: 200)"),
           Flag.optional,
         ),
         model: Flag.string("model").pipe(

packages/cli/src/commands/handlers/mini.ts

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ export default Runtime.handler(Commands.commands.mini, (input) =>
         model: Option.getOrUndefined(input.model),
         agent: Option.getOrUndefined(input.agent),
         prompt: Option.getOrUndefined(input.prompt),
-        replay: input.replay,
-        replayLimit: Option.getOrUndefined(input.replayLimit),
+        replay: Option.getOrUndefined(input.replay) ?? resolved.mini?.replay ?? true,
+        replayLimit: Option.getOrUndefined(input.replayLimit) ?? resolved.mini?.replay_limit,
         demo: input.demo,
         tuiConfig: resolved,
         config: {

packages/cli/test/acp/event-behavior.test.ts

@@ -439,6 +439,7 @@ describe("acp event behavior", () => {
       sessionID: "ses_cancel",
       cwd: "/workspace",
       start: { type: "input", id: "input_cancel" },
+      writeTextFile: false,
       control,
       submit: async (signal) => {
         await fixture.client.session.prompt(
@@ -481,6 +482,7 @@ describe("acp event behavior", () => {
       sessionID: "ses_cancel_admission",
       cwd: "/workspace",
       start: { type: "input", id: "input_cancel_admission" },
+      writeTextFile: false,
       control,
       submit: (signal) =>
         fixture.client.session.prompt(
@@ -566,7 +568,7 @@ function turn(input: {
     sessionID: input.sessionID,
     cwd: "/workspace",
     start: { type: "input", id: input.inputID },
-    userMessageID: `client_${input.inputID}`,
+    writeTextFile: false,
     control: { cancelled: false, admission: new AbortController() },
     submit: (signal) =>
       input.fixture.client.session.prompt({ sessionID: input.sessionID, id: input.inputID, text: "hello" }, { signal }),

packages/cli/test/acp/event.test.ts

@@ -85,7 +85,6 @@ test("acp prompt resolves after ordered turn updates", async () => {
 
   try {
     const id = "msg_prompt"
-    const userMessageID = "client-message"
     const response = await streamTurn({
       client,
       connection: {
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ test("acp prompt resolves after ordered turn updates", async () => {
       sessionID: "ses_test",
       cwd: "/workspace",
       start: { type: "input", id },
-      userMessageID,
+      writeTextFile: false,
       control: { cancelled: false, admission: new AbortController() },
       submit: () => client.session.prompt({ sessionID: "ses_test", id, text: "hi" }),
     })
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ test("acp prompt resolves after ordered turn updates", async () => {
         },
       },
     ])
-    expect(response).toMatchObject({ stopReason: "end_turn", userMessageId: userMessageID, usage: { totalTokens: 2 } })
+    expect(response).toMatchObject({ stopReason: "end_turn", usage: { totalTokens: 2 } })
   } finally {
     events?.close()
     await server.stop(true)

packages/cli/test/acp/initialize-auth.subprocess.test.ts

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ describe("acp initialize/auth subprocess", () => {
     expect(initialized.agentCapabilities?.mcpCapabilities?.sse).toBe(false)
     expect(initialized.agentCapabilities?.loadSession).toBe(true)
     expect(initialized.agentCapabilities?.sessionCapabilities?.close).toEqual({})
+    expect(initialized.agentCapabilities?.sessionCapabilities?.delete).toEqual({})
     expect(initialized.agentCapabilities?.sessionCapabilities?.fork).toEqual({})
     expect(initialized.agentCapabilities?.sessionCapabilities?.list).toEqual({})
     expect(initialized.agentCapabilities?.sessionCapabilities?.resume).toEqual({})

packages/cli/test/acp/lifecycle.subprocess.test.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type {
   CloseSessionResponse,
+  DeleteSessionResponse,
   ListSessionsResponse,
   LoadSessionResponse,
   ResumeSessionResponse,
@@ -60,6 +61,20 @@ describe("acp lifecycle subprocess", () => {
     expect(listed.sessions.some((item) => item.sessionId === session.sessionId)).toBe(true)
   }, 60_000)
 
+  test("delete capability and delete request", async () => {
+    await using fixture = await createAcpFixture()
+    const acp = fixture.spawn()
+    const initialized = await initialize(acp)
+    expect(initialized.agentCapabilities?.sessionCapabilities?.delete).toEqual({})
+    const session = await newSession(acp, fixture.home)
+
+    expect(
+      expectOk(await acp.request<DeleteSessionResponse>("session/delete", { sessionId: session.sessionId })),
+    ).toEqual({})
+    const listed = expectOk(await acp.request<ListSessionsResponse>("session/list", { cwd: fixture.home }))
+    expect(listed.sessions.some((item) => item.sessionId === session.sessionId)).toBe(false)
+  }, 60_000)
+
   test("resume capability advertisement", async () => {
     await using fixture = await createAcpFixture()
     const initialized = await initialize(fixture.spawn())

packages/cli/test/acp/permission-behavior.test.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import fs from "node:fs/promises"
 import os from "node:os"
 import path from "node:path"
 import { streamTurn } from "../../src/acp/event"
+import { syncEditedFiles } from "../../src/acp/permission"
 import { createSseFixture, durableEvent, ephemeralEvent, withTimeout } from "./sse-fixture"
 
 type SessionUpdateParams = Parameters<AgentSideConnection["sessionUpdate"]>[0]
@@ -12,6 +13,27 @@ type Connection = Pick<AgentSideConnection, "sessionUpdate" | "requestPermission
 type Fixture = ReturnType<typeof createSseFixture>
 
 describe("acp permission behavior", () => {
+  test("does not sync edits when writeTextFile was not advertised", async () => {
+    const writes: Parameters<AgentSideConnection["writeTextFile"]>[0][] = []
+
+    await syncEditedFiles({
+      connection: {
+        writeTextFile: async (input) => {
+          writes.push(input)
+          return {}
+        },
+      },
+      writeTextFile: false,
+      sessionID: "ses_no_write",
+      cwd: "/workspace",
+      toolName: "edit",
+      toolInput: { filePath: "/workspace/file.ts" },
+      structured: {},
+    })
+
+    expect(writes).toEqual([])
+  })
+
   test("forwards allow-once and allow-always selections to the generated client", async () => {
     const permissionRequests: RequestPermissionRequest[] = []
     const fixture = createSseFixture({
@@ -465,6 +487,7 @@ function startTurn(fixture: Fixture, connection: Connection, sessionID: string,
     sessionID,
     cwd,
     start: { type: "input", id: inputID },
+    writeTextFile: true,
     control: { cancelled: false, admission: new AbortController() },
     submit: (signal) => fixture.client.session.prompt({ sessionID, id: inputID, text: "hello" }, { signal }),
   })

packages/cli/test/acp/service-directory.test.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
 import type { McpServer, SessionConfigOption } from "@agentclientprotocol/sdk"
-import { makeACPFixture, makeSession, secondModel, testModel } from "./service-fixture"
+import { makeACPFixture, makeSession, secondModel } from "./service-fixture"
 
 describe("acp service directory behavior", () => {
   test("creates sessions from a catalog shared by concurrent callers in the same cwd", async () => {
@@ -134,7 +134,6 @@ describe("acp service directory behavior", () => {
       configId: "mode",
       value: "plan",
     })
-    await fixture.service.setSessionModel({ sessionId: session.sessionId, modelId: "test/test-model/high" })
     await fixture.service.setSessionMode({ sessionId: session.sessionId, modeId: "build" })
 
     expect(currentValue(selectedModel, "model")).toBe("test/second-model")
@@ -148,7 +147,6 @@ describe("acp service directory behavior", () => {
     ).toEqual([
       { model: { providerID: "test", id: secondModel.id } },
       { model: { providerID: "test", id: secondModel.id, variant: "medium" } },
-      { model: { providerID: "test", id: testModel.id, variant: "high" } },
     ])
     expect(
       fixture.requests

packages/cli/test/acp/service-lifecycle.test.ts

@@ -225,6 +225,33 @@ describe("acp service lifecycle", () => {
       "/api/session/missing/interrupt",
     ])
   })
+
+  test("deletes sessions from backing and local storage", async () => {
+    await using fixture = makeACPFixture({
+      fetch(request) {
+        if (request.method === "POST" && request.path === "/api/session") {
+          return Response.json({ data: makeSession("ses_delete") })
+        }
+        if (request.method === "DELETE" && request.path === "/api/session/ses_delete") {
+          return new Response(null, { status: 204 })
+        }
+        return undefined
+      },
+    })
+    const session = await fixture.service.newSession({ cwd: "/workspace", mcpServers: [] })
+
+    expect(await fixture.service.deleteSession({ sessionId: session.sessionId })).toEqual({})
+    expect(fixture.requests).toContainEqual({
+      method: "DELETE",
+      path: "/api/session/ses_delete",
+      query: {},
+      body: undefined,
+    })
+    const missing = await fixture.service
+      .setSessionConfigOption({ sessionId: session.sessionId, configId: "effort", value: "high" })
+      .catch((error: unknown) => error)
+    expect(missing).toMatchObject({ _tag: "ACPSessionNotFoundError", sessionId: session.sessionId })
+  })
 })
 
 function currentValue(result: { readonly configOptions?: readonly SessionConfigOption[] | null }, id: string) {

packages/cli/test/acp/service-usage.test.ts

@@ -45,17 +45,14 @@ describe("acp service prompt routing and usage", () => {
 
     const commandResult = await fixture.service.prompt({
       sessionId: session.sessionId,
-      messageId: "client-command",
       prompt: [{ type: "text", text: "/review now" }],
     })
     const skillResult = await fixture.service.prompt({
       sessionId: session.sessionId,
-      messageId: "client-skill",
       prompt: [{ type: "text", text: "/verify" }],
     })
     const compactResult = await fixture.service.prompt({
       sessionId: session.sessionId,
-      messageId: "client-compact",
       prompt: [{ type: "text", text: "/compact" }],
     })
 
@@ -154,13 +151,11 @@ describe("acp service prompt routing and usage", () => {
 
     const response = await fixture.service.prompt({
       sessionId: session.sessionId,
-      messageId: "client-message",
       prompt: [{ type: "text", text: "hello" }],
     })
 
     expect(response).toEqual({
       stopReason: "end_turn",
-      userMessageId: "client-message",
       usage: {
         inputTokens: 100,
         outputTokens: 40,

packages/cli/test/mini.test.ts

@@ -214,11 +214,15 @@ describe("mini command", () => {
     expect(result.exitCode).toBe(0)
     expect(result.stdout).toContain("--server string")
     expect(result.stdout).toContain("--prompt string")
+    expect(result.stdout).toContain("--replay")
+    expect(result.stdout).toContain("disable with --no-replay")
+    expect(result.stdout).toContain("--replay-limit integer")
+    expect(result.stdout).toContain("Limit replay to the newest N messages (default: 200)")
     expect(result.stdout).not.toContain("SUBCOMMANDS")
   })
 
   test("routes local and explicit-server invocations into mini", async () => {
-    for (const args of [["mini"], ["mini", "--server", "http://127.0.0.1:1"]]) {
+    for (const args of [["mini"], ["mini", "--no-replay"], ["mini", "--server", "http://127.0.0.1:1"]]) {
       const result = await cli(args)
 
       expect(result.exitCode).toBe(1)

packages/core/src/catalog.ts

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
                 draft.providers.set(providerID, record)
               }
               const model =
-                record.models.get(modelID) ?? (ModelV2.Info.empty(providerID, modelID) as ModelV2.MutableInfo)
+                record.models.get(modelID) ?? (ModelV2.Info.default(providerID, modelID) as ModelV2.MutableInfo)
               if (!record.models.has(modelID)) record.models.set(modelID, model)
               fn(model)
               model.id = modelID

packages/core/src/generate.ts

@@ -2,12 +2,10 @@ export * as Generate from "./generate"
 
 import { LLM, LLMClient, LLMError } from "@opencode-ai/ai"
 import { Context, Effect, Layer, Schema } from "effect"
-import { Catalog } from "./catalog"
 import { makeLocationNode } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/app-node"
 import { llmClient } from "./effect/app-node-platform"
-import { Integration } from "./integration"
+import { ModelResolver } from "./model-resolver"
 import { ModelV2 } from "./model"
-import { SessionRunnerModel } from "./session/runner/model"
 
 export interface TextInput {
   readonly prompt: string
@@ -19,10 +17,10 @@ export class ModelSelectionError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<ModelSelectionE
   { message: Schema.String },
 ) {}
 
-export class UnavailableError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<UnavailableError>()(
-  "Generate.UnavailableError",
-  { message: Schema.String, service: Schema.optional(Schema.String) },
-) {}
+export class UnavailableError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<UnavailableError>()("Generate.UnavailableError", {
+  message: Schema.String,
+  service: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+}) {}
 
 export type Error = ModelSelectionError | UnavailableError
 
@@ -35,56 +33,34 @@ export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/v2
 export const layer = Layer.effect(
   Service,
   Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-    const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
     const llm = yield* LLMClient.Service
-
-    const selectModel = Effect.fn("Generate.selectModel")(function* (requested?: ModelV2.Ref) {
-      const selected = requested
-        ? yield* catalog.model.get(requested.providerID, requested.id)
-        : yield* catalog.model.default().pipe(
-            Effect.flatMap((model) =>
-              model && SessionRunnerModel.supported(model)
-                ? Effect.succeed(model)
-                : Effect.map(catalog.model.available(), (models) => models.find(SessionRunnerModel.supported)),
-            ),
-          )
-      if (!selected)
-        return yield* new ModelSelectionError({
-          message: requested
-            ? `Model unavailable: ${requested.providerID}/${requested.id}`
-            : "No model specified and no supported model is available",
-        })
-      return yield* SessionRunnerModel.withVariant(selected, requested?.variant).pipe(
-        Effect.mapError(
-          () =>
-            new ModelSelectionError({
-              message: `Variant unavailable for ${selected.providerID}/${selected.id}: ${requested?.variant}`,
-            }),
-        ),
-      )
-    })
+    const resolver = yield* ModelResolver.Service
 
     const runText = Effect.fn("Generate.text")(function* (input: TextInput) {
-      const selected = yield* selectModel(input.model)
-      const provider = yield* catalog.provider.get(selected.providerID)
-      const connection = yield* integrations.connection.active(
-        provider?.integrationID ?? Integration.ID.make(selected.providerID),
+      const resolved = yield* resolver.resolve(input.model).pipe(
+        Effect.catchTags({
+          "SessionRunnerModel.VariantUnavailableError": (error) =>
+            input.model
+              ? new ModelSelectionError({ message: error.message })
+              : new UnavailableError({ message: error.message, service: error.providerID }),
+          "SessionRunnerModel.UnsupportedPackageError": (error) =>
+            input.model
+              ? new ModelSelectionError({ message: error.message })
+              : new UnavailableError({ message: error.message, service: error.providerID }),
+        }),
       )
-      const credential = connection ? yield* integrations.connection.resolve(connection) : undefined
-      const model = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(selected, credential).pipe(
-        Effect.mapError((error) =>
-          input.model
-            ? new ModelSelectionError({ message: error.message })
-            : new UnavailableError({ message: error.message, service: selected.providerID }),
-        ),
-      )
-      const response = yield* llm.generate(LLM.request({ model, prompt: input.prompt })).pipe(
+      if (!resolved)
+        return yield* new ModelSelectionError({
+          message: input.model
+            ? `Model unavailable: ${input.model.providerID}/${input.model.id}`
+            : "No model specified and no supported model is available",
+        })
+      const response = yield* llm.generate(LLM.request({ model: resolved.model, prompt: input.prompt })).pipe(
         Effect.mapError(
           (error: LLMError) =>
             new UnavailableError({
               message: error.message,
-              service: selected.providerID,
+              service: resolved.ref.providerID,
             }),
         ),
       )
@@ -106,4 +82,8 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
   }),
 )
 
-export const node = makeLocationNode({ service: Service, layer, deps: [Catalog.node, Integration.node, llmClient] })
+export const node = makeLocationNode({
+  service: Service,
+  layer,
+  deps: [ModelResolver.node, llmClient],
+})

packages/core/src/github-copilot/models.ts

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ function build(id: ModelV2.ID, remote: UsableModel, baseURL: string, previous?:
   const released = previous?.time.released || Date.parse(version)
 
   return ModelV2.Info.make({
-    ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.githubCopilot, id),
+    ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.githubCopilot, id),
     id,
     modelID: ModelV2.ID.make(remote.id),
     providerID: ProviderV2.ID.githubCopilot,

packages/core/src/location-services.ts

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import { Integration } from "./integration"
 import { Location } from "./location"
 import { LocationMutation } from "./location-mutation"
 import { LocationServiceMap } from "./location-service-map"
+import { ModelResolver } from "./model-resolver"
 import { MCP } from "./mcp/index"
 import { PermissionV2 } from "./permission"
 import { PluginV2 } from "./plugin"
@@ -58,6 +59,7 @@ const locationServiceNodes = [
   Reference.node,
   Integration.node,
   Catalog.node,
+  ModelResolver.node,
   AISDK.node,
   PluginV2.node,
   PluginSupervisor.node,

packages/core/src/model-resolver.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+export * as ModelResolver from "./model-resolver"
+
+import { makeLocationNode } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/app-node"
+import { Model } from "@opencode-ai/ai"
+// ast-grep-ignore: no-star-import
+import * as AnthropicMessages from "@opencode-ai/ai/protocols/anthropic-messages"
+// ast-grep-ignore: no-star-import
+import * as OpenAICompatibleChat from "@opencode-ai/ai/protocols/openai-compatible-chat"
+// ast-grep-ignore: no-star-import
+import * as OpenAIResponses from "@opencode-ai/ai/protocols/openai-responses"
+import { Auth, type AnyRoute } from "@opencode-ai/ai/route"
+import { Context, Effect, Layer, Schema } from "effect"
+import { produce } from "immer"
+import { AISDK } from "./aisdk"
+import { Catalog } from "./catalog"
+import { Credential } from "./credential"
+import { Integration } from "./integration"
+import { ModelV2 } from "./model"
+import { Npm } from "@opencode-ai/util/npm"
+import { OpenAICodex } from "./plugin/provider/openai-codex"
+import { ProviderV2 } from "./provider"
+
+export class VariantUnavailableError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<VariantUnavailableError>()(
+  "SessionRunnerModel.VariantUnavailableError",
+  {
+    providerID: ProviderV2.ID,
+    modelID: ModelV2.ID,
+    variant: ModelV2.VariantID,
+  },
+) {
+  override get message() {
+    return `Variant unavailable for ${this.providerID}/${this.modelID}: ${this.variant}`
+  }
+}
+
+export class UnsupportedPackageError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<UnsupportedPackageError>()(
+  "SessionRunnerModel.UnsupportedPackageError",
+  {
+    providerID: ProviderV2.ID,
+    modelID: ModelV2.ID,
+    package: Schema.String,
+  },
+) {
+  override get message() {
+    return `Unsupported package for ${this.providerID}/${this.modelID}: ${this.package}`
+  }
+}
+
+export type Error = VariantUnavailableError | UnsupportedPackageError | Integration.AuthorizationError
+
+export interface Resolved {
+  /** Route-level model for provider requests; its id is the provider API model id, which may differ from the catalog id. */
+  readonly model: Model
+  /** Selected catalog identity. Durable records and displays must use this, never the API model id. */
+  readonly ref: ModelV2.Ref
+  /** Catalog capabilities used to shape requests before provider lowering. */
+  readonly capabilities: ModelV2.Capabilities
+  /** Catalog pricing in dollars per million tokens. */
+  readonly cost: ModelV2.Info["cost"]
+}
+
+export interface Interface {
+  readonly resolve: (requested?: ModelV2.Ref) => Effect.Effect<Resolved | undefined, Error>
+  readonly resolveModel: (model: ModelV2.Info, variant?: ModelV2.VariantID) => Effect.Effect<Resolved, Error>
+}
+
+export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/v2/ModelResolver") {}
+
+const apiKey = (model: ModelV2.Info, credential?: Credential.Value) => {
+  if (credential?.type === "key") return Auth.value(credential.key)
+  if (credential?.type === "oauth") return Auth.value(credential.access)
+  const value = model.settings?.apiKey
+  if (typeof value === "string") return Auth.value(value)
+  return undefined
+}
+
+const withDefaults = (model: ModelV2.Info, route: AnyRoute) =>
+  route.with({
+    provider: model.providerID,
+    endpoint: typeof model.settings?.baseURL === "string" ? { baseURL: model.settings.baseURL } : undefined,
+    headers: providerHeaders(model),
+    providerOptions: providerOptions(model),
+    http: model.body === undefined ? undefined : { body: model.body },
+    limits: { context: model.limit.context, output: model.limit.output },
+  })
+
+const providerHeaders = (model: ModelV2.Info) => {
+  const packageName = ProviderV2.packageName(model.package)
+  const generated = new Map<string, string>()
+  if (packageName === "@ai-sdk/openai" && typeof model.settings?.organization === "string")
+    generated.set("OpenAI-Organization", model.settings.organization)
+  if (packageName === "@ai-sdk/openai" && typeof model.settings?.project === "string")
+    generated.set("OpenAI-Project", model.settings.project)
+  if (packageName === "@ai-sdk/anthropic" && typeof model.settings?.authToken === "string")
+    generated.set("Authorization", `Bearer ${model.settings.authToken}`)
+  return ProviderV2.mergeHeaders(generated.size === 0 ? undefined : Object.fromEntries(generated), model.headers)
+}
+
+const providerOptions = (
+  model: ModelV2.Info,
+): { readonly [key: string]: { readonly [key: string]: unknown } } | undefined => {
+  if (!ProviderV2.isAISDK(model.package) || model.settings === undefined) return undefined
+  const { apiKey: _, baseURL: _baseURL, ...settings } = model.settings
+  if (Object.keys(settings).length === 0) return undefined
+  const packageName = ProviderV2.packageName(model.package)
+  if (packageName === "@ai-sdk/openai") return { openai: settings }
+  if (packageName === "@ai-sdk/anthropic") return { anthropic: settings }
+  if (packageName === "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible") return { openai: settings }
+  return undefined
+}
+
+export const withVariant = (
+  model: ModelV2.Info,
+  variantID: ModelV2.VariantID | undefined,
+): Effect.Effect<ModelV2.Info, VariantUnavailableError> => {
+  const id = variantID === "default" ? undefined : variantID
+  const variant = model.variants?.find((item) => item.id === id)
+  if (!variant && variantID !== undefined && variantID !== "default")
+    return Effect.fail(
+      new VariantUnavailableError({
+        providerID: model.providerID,
+        modelID: model.id,
+        variant: variantID,
+      }),
+    )
+  return Effect.succeed(
+    variant
+      ? produce(model, (draft) => {
+          draft.settings = ProviderV2.mergeOverlay(draft.settings, variant.settings)
+          draft.headers = ProviderV2.mergeHeaders(draft.headers, variant.headers)
+          draft.body = ProviderV2.mergeOverlay(draft.body, variant.body)
+        })
+      : model,
+  )
+}
+
+export interface Dependencies {
+  readonly loadPackage?: (specifier: string) => Effect.Effect<ProviderV2.ProviderPackage, ProviderV2.LoadError>
+  readonly loadAISDK?: (model: ModelV2.Info) => Effect.Effect<Model, AISDK.InitError>
+}
+
+export const fromCatalogModel = (
+  model: ModelV2.Info,
+  credential?: Credential.Value,
+  dependencies?: Dependencies,
+): Effect.Effect<Model, UnsupportedPackageError> => {
+  const resolved = produce(model, (draft) => {
+    if (draft.settings?.apiKey === "") delete draft.settings.apiKey
+    if (credential?.type === "key" && credential.metadata !== undefined)
+      draft.body = ProviderV2.mergeOverlay(draft.body, credential.metadata)
+  })
+  const packageName = ProviderV2.packageName(resolved.package)
+  const key = apiKey(resolved, credential)
+
+  if (OpenAICodex.isChatGPT(credential) && !ProviderV2.isAISDK(resolved.package) && isNativeOpenAI(resolved.package)) {
+    return Effect.succeed(codexModel(resolved, credential, key))
+  }
+
+  if (ProviderV2.isAISDK(resolved.package) && packageName === "@ai-sdk/openai") {
+    if (OpenAICodex.isChatGPT(credential)) return Effect.succeed(codexModel(resolved, credential, key))
+    return Effect.succeed(
+      withDefaults(resolved, OpenAIResponses.route)
+        .with({ auth: key === undefined ? Auth.none : Auth.bearer(key) })
+        .model({ id: resolved.modelID ?? resolved.id, compatibility: resolved.compatibility }),
+    )
+  }
+  if (ProviderV2.isAISDK(resolved.package) && packageName === "@ai-sdk/anthropic") {
+    return Effect.succeed(
+      withDefaults(resolved, AnthropicMessages.route)
+        .with({ auth: key === undefined ? Auth.none : Auth.header("x-api-key", key) })
+        .model({ id: resolved.modelID ?? resolved.id, compatibility: resolved.compatibility }),
+    )
+  }
+  if (
+    ProviderV2.isAISDK(resolved.package) &&
+    packageName === "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible" &&
+    typeof resolved.settings?.baseURL === "string"
+  ) {
+    return Effect.succeed(
+      withDefaults(resolved, OpenAICompatibleChat.route)
+        .with({ auth: key === undefined ? Auth.none : Auth.bearer(key) })
+        .model({ id: resolved.modelID ?? resolved.id, compatibility: resolved.compatibility }),
+    )
+  }
+  if (ProviderV2.isAISDK(resolved.package)) {
+    if (!dependencies?.loadAISDK) return Effect.fail(unsupported(resolved))
+    const runtime = produce(resolved, (draft) => {
+      draft.settings = ProviderV2.mergeOverlay(draft.settings, {
+        ...(credential?.type === "key" ? { apiKey: credential.key } : {}),
+        ...(credential?.type === "oauth" ? { apiKey: credential.access } : {}),
+        ...credential?.metadata,
+      })
+    })
+    return dependencies.loadAISDK(runtime).pipe(Effect.mapError(() => unsupported(resolved)))
+  }
+  if (!resolved.package) return Effect.fail(unsupported(resolved))
+
+  const specifier = resolved.package
+  return Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const module = yield* (dependencies?.loadPackage ?? ProviderV2.loadPackage)(specifier).pipe(
+      Effect.mapError(() => unsupported(resolved)),
+    )
+    const configured = { ...resolved.settings, ...credential?.metadata }
+    const settings = {
+      ...(credential ? withoutNativeAuthSettings(configured) : configured),
+      ...nativeCredentialSettings(specifier, credential),
+      headers: resolved.headers,
+      body: resolved.body,
+      limits: { context: resolved.limit.context, output: resolved.limit.output },
+    }
+    return yield* Effect.try({
+      try: () => {
+        const runtime = module.model(resolved.modelID ?? resolved.id, settings)
+        return Model.update(runtime, {
+          provider: resolved.providerID,
+          compatibility: resolved.compatibility
+            ? Object.assign({}, runtime.compatibility, resolved.compatibility)
+            : runtime.compatibility,
+        })
+      },
+      catch: () => unsupported(resolved),
+    })
+  })
+}
+
+const isNativeOpenAI = (packageName: string | undefined) =>
+  packageName === "@opencode-ai/ai/providers/openai" ||
+  packageName?.startsWith("@opencode-ai/ai/providers/openai/") === true
+
+const nativeCredentialSettings = (specifier: string, credential: Credential.Value | undefined) => {
+  if (!credential) return {}
+  if (credential.type === "key") return { apiKey: credential.key }
+  if (
+    specifier === "@opencode-ai/ai/providers/anthropic" ||
+    specifier === "@opencode-ai/ai/providers/anthropic-compatible"
+  )
+    return { authToken: credential.access }
+  if (
+    specifier === "@opencode-ai/ai/providers/google-vertex" ||
+    specifier.startsWith("@opencode-ai/ai/providers/google-vertex/")
+  )
+    return { accessToken: credential.access }
+  return { apiKey: credential.access }
+}
+
+const withoutNativeAuthSettings = (settings: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+  const { accessToken: _accessToken, apiKey: _apiKey, authToken: _authToken, ...rest } = settings
+  return rest
+}
+
+const codexModel = (
+  model: ModelV2.Info,
+  credential: Credential.Value | undefined,
+  key: ReturnType<typeof Auth.value> | undefined,
+) => {
+  const account = OpenAICodex.accountID(credential)
+  return withDefaults(model, OpenAIResponses.route)
+    .with({
+      endpoint: { baseURL: OpenAICodex.baseURL },
+      auth: (key === undefined ? Auth.none : Auth.bearer(key)).andThen(
+        account === undefined ? Auth.none : Auth.headers({ "chatgpt-account-id": account }),
+      ),
+    })
+    .model({ id: model.modelID ?? model.id, compatibility: model.compatibility })
+}
+
+const unsupported = (model: ModelV2.Info) =>
+  new UnsupportedPackageError({
+    providerID: model.providerID,
+    modelID: model.id,
+    package: model.package ?? "unknown",
+  })
+
+export const resolveModel = (
+  model: ModelV2.Info,
+  variant: ModelV2.VariantID | undefined,
+  credential?: Credential.Value,
+  dependencies?: Dependencies,
+) => withVariant(model, variant).pipe(Effect.flatMap((model) => fromCatalogModel(model, credential, dependencies)))
+
+export const supported = (model: ModelV2.Info) => Boolean(model.package)
+
+/** Resolves catalog selections into runtime models for the current Location. */
+export const layer = Layer.effect(
+  Service,
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
+    const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
+    const npm = yield* Npm.Service
+    const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+    const load = Effect.fn("ModelResolver.resolveModel")(function* (
+      selected: ModelV2.Info,
+      variant?: ModelV2.VariantID,
+    ) {
+      const provider = yield* catalog.provider.get(selected.providerID)
+      const connection = yield* integrations.connection.active(
+        provider?.integrationID ?? Integration.ID.make(selected.providerID),
+      )
+      const model = yield* resolveModel(
+        selected,
+        variant,
+        connection ? yield* integrations.connection.resolve(connection) : undefined,
+        {
+          loadPackage: (specifier) => ProviderV2.loadPackage(specifier, npm),
+          loadAISDK: (model) => aisdk.model(model),
+        },
+      )
+      return {
+        model,
+        ref: ModelV2.Ref.make({
+          id: selected.id,
+          providerID: selected.providerID,
+          ...(variant === undefined ? {} : { variant }),
+        }),
+        capabilities: selected.capabilities,
+        cost: selected.cost,
+      }
+    })
+    return Service.of({
+      resolve: Effect.fn("ModelResolver.resolve")(function* (requested) {
+        const selected = requested
+          ? yield* catalog.model.get(requested.providerID, requested.id)
+          : yield* catalog.model
+              .default()
+              .pipe(
+                Effect.flatMap((model) =>
+                  model && supported(model)
+                    ? Effect.succeed(model)
+                    : Effect.map(catalog.model.available(), (models) => models.find(supported)),
+                ),
+              )
+        if (!selected) return undefined
+        return yield* load(selected, requested?.variant)
+      }),
+      resolveModel: load,
+    })
+  }),
+)
+
+export const node = makeLocationNode({
+  service: Service,
+  layer,
+  deps: [Catalog.node, Integration.node, Npm.node, AISDK.node],
+})

packages/core/src/plugin/provider/openai-codex.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 export * as OpenAICodex from "./openai-codex"
 
 // TEMPORARY SEAM (#34765): plugins have no hook into LLM route construction, so
-// codex routing lives in SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel and catalog filtering
+// Codex routing lives in ModelResolver and catalog filtering.
 // in OpenAIPlugin, sharing this module. Once the native provider packages land
 // (#33689/#33925/#34462) this should collapse into the native OpenAI provider.
 // The eligibility rules mirror V1's CodexAuthPlugin allowlist; models.dev has no

packages/core/src/session/runner/model.ts

@@ -2,30 +2,16 @@ export * as SessionRunnerModel from "./model"
 
 import { makeLocationNode } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/app-node"
 import { Model } from "@opencode-ai/ai"
-// ast-grep-ignore: no-star-import
-import * as AnthropicMessages from "@opencode-ai/ai/protocols/anthropic-messages"
-// ast-grep-ignore: no-star-import
-import * as OpenAICompatibleChat from "@opencode-ai/ai/protocols/openai-compatible-chat"
-// ast-grep-ignore: no-star-import
-import * as OpenAIResponses from "@opencode-ai/ai/protocols/openai-responses"
-import { Auth, type AnyRoute } from "@opencode-ai/ai/route"
 import { Context, Effect, Layer, Schema } from "effect"
-import { produce } from "immer"
-import { AISDK } from "../../aisdk"
 import { Catalog } from "../../catalog"
-import { Credential } from "../../credential"
-import { Integration } from "../../integration"
+import { ModelResolver } from "../../model-resolver"
 import { ModelV2 } from "../../model"
-import { Npm } from "@opencode-ai/util/npm"
-import { OpenAICodex } from "../../plugin/provider/openai-codex"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "../../provider"
 import { SessionSchema } from "../schema"
 
 export class ModelNotSelectedError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<ModelNotSelectedError>()(
   "SessionRunnerModel.ModelNotSelectedError",
-  {
-    sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
-  },
+  { sessionID: SessionSchema.ID },
 ) {
   override get message() {
     return `No model is available for session ${this.sessionID}`
@@ -34,59 +20,19 @@ export class ModelNotSelectedError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<ModelNotSelec
 
 export class ModelUnavailableError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<ModelUnavailableError>()(
   "SessionRunnerModel.ModelUnavailableError",
-  {
-    providerID: ProviderV2.ID,
-    modelID: ModelV2.ID,
-  },
+  { providerID: ProviderV2.ID, modelID: ModelV2.ID },
 ) {
   override get message() {
     return `Model unavailable: ${this.providerID}/${this.modelID}`
   }
 }
+export const VariantUnavailableError = ModelResolver.VariantUnavailableError
+export type VariantUnavailableError = ModelResolver.VariantUnavailableError
+export const UnsupportedPackageError = ModelResolver.UnsupportedPackageError
+export type UnsupportedPackageError = ModelResolver.UnsupportedPackageError
 
-export class VariantUnavailableError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<VariantUnavailableError>()(
-  "SessionRunnerModel.VariantUnavailableError",
-  {
-    providerID: ProviderV2.ID,
-    modelID: ModelV2.ID,
-    variant: ModelV2.VariantID,
-  },
-) {
-  override get message() {
-    return `Variant unavailable for ${this.providerID}/${this.modelID}: ${this.variant}`
-  }
-}
-
-export class UnsupportedPackageError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<UnsupportedPackageError>()(
-  "SessionRunnerModel.UnsupportedPackageError",
-  {
-    providerID: ProviderV2.ID,
-    modelID: ModelV2.ID,
-    package: Schema.String,
-  },
-) {
-  override get message() {
-    return `Unsupported package for ${this.providerID}/${this.modelID}: ${this.package}`
-  }
-}
-
-export type Error =
-  | ModelNotSelectedError
-  | ModelUnavailableError
-  | VariantUnavailableError
-  | UnsupportedPackageError
-  | Integration.AuthorizationError
-
-export interface Resolved {
-  /** Route-level model for provider requests; its id is the provider API model id, which may differ from the catalog id. */
-  readonly model: Model
-  /** Selected catalog identity. Durable records and displays must use this, never the API model id. */
-  readonly ref: ModelV2.Ref
-  /** Catalog capabilities used to shape requests before provider lowering. */
-  readonly capabilities: ModelV2.Capabilities
-  /** Catalog pricing in dollars per million tokens. */
-  readonly cost: ModelV2.Info["cost"]
-}
+export type Error = ModelNotSelectedError | ModelUnavailableError | ModelResolver.Error
+export type Resolved = ModelResolver.Resolved
 
 export interface Interface {
   readonly resolve: (session: SessionSchema.Info) => Effect.Effect<Resolved, Error>
@@ -94,9 +40,6 @@ export interface Interface {
 
 export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/v2/SessionRunnerModel") {}
 
-/** Test or embedding seam for supplying a model resolver directly. */
-export const layerWith = (resolve: Interface["resolve"]) => Layer.succeed(Service, Service.of({ resolve }))
-
 /** Builds a Resolved whose catalog identity mirrors the route model. Test or embedding seam. */
 export const resolved = (
   model: Model,
@@ -116,276 +59,31 @@ export const resolved = (
   cost: options.cost,
 })
 
-const apiKey = (model: ModelV2.Info, credential?: Credential.Value) => {
-  if (credential?.type === "key") return Auth.value(credential.key)
-  if (credential?.type === "oauth") return Auth.value(credential.access)
-  const value = model.settings?.apiKey
-  if (typeof value === "string") return Auth.value(value)
-}
-
-const withDefaults = (model: ModelV2.Info, route: AnyRoute) =>
-  route.with({
-    provider: model.providerID,
-    endpoint: typeof model.settings?.baseURL === "string" ? { baseURL: model.settings.baseURL } : undefined,
-    headers: providerHeaders(model),
-    providerOptions: providerOptions(model),
-    http: model.body === undefined ? undefined : { body: model.body },
-    limits: { context: model.limit.context, output: model.limit.output },
-  })
-
-const providerHeaders = (model: ModelV2.Info) => {
-  const packageName = ProviderV2.packageName(model.package)
-  const generated = new Map<string, string>()
-  if (packageName === "@ai-sdk/openai" && typeof model.settings?.organization === "string")
-    generated.set("OpenAI-Organization", model.settings.organization)
-  if (packageName === "@ai-sdk/openai" && typeof model.settings?.project === "string")
-    generated.set("OpenAI-Project", model.settings.project)
-  if (packageName === "@ai-sdk/anthropic" && typeof model.settings?.authToken === "string")
-    generated.set("Authorization", `Bearer ${model.settings.authToken}`)
-  return ProviderV2.mergeHeaders(generated.size === 0 ? undefined : Object.fromEntries(generated), model.headers)
-}
-
-const providerOptions = (
-  model: ModelV2.Info,
-): { readonly [key: string]: { readonly [key: string]: unknown } } | undefined => {
-  if (!ProviderV2.isAISDK(model.package) || model.settings === undefined) return undefined
-  const { apiKey: _, baseURL: _baseURL, ...settings } = model.settings
-  if (Object.keys(settings).length === 0) return undefined
-  const packageName = ProviderV2.packageName(model.package)
-  if (packageName === "@ai-sdk/openai") return { openai: settings }
-  if (packageName === "@ai-sdk/anthropic") return { anthropic: settings }
-  if (packageName === "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible") return { openai: settings }
-}
-
-export const withVariant = (
-  model: ModelV2.Info,
-  variantID: ModelV2.VariantID | undefined,
-): Effect.Effect<ModelV2.Info, VariantUnavailableError> => {
-  const id = variantID === "default" ? undefined : variantID
-  const variant = model.variants?.find((item) => item.id === id)
-  if (!variant && variantID !== undefined && variantID !== "default")
-    return Effect.fail(
-      new VariantUnavailableError({
-        providerID: model.providerID,
-        modelID: model.id,
-        variant: variantID,
-      }),
-    )
-  return Effect.succeed(
-    variant
-      ? produce(model, (draft) => {
-          draft.settings = ProviderV2.mergeOverlay(draft.settings, variant.settings)
-          draft.headers = ProviderV2.mergeHeaders(draft.headers, variant.headers)
-          draft.body = ProviderV2.mergeOverlay(draft.body, variant.body)
-        })
-      : model,
-  )
-}
-
-export interface Dependencies {
-  readonly loadPackage?: (specifier: string) => Effect.Effect<ProviderV2.ProviderPackage, ProviderV2.LoadError>
-  readonly loadAISDK?: (model: ModelV2.Info) => Effect.Effect<Model, AISDK.InitError>
-}
-
-export const fromCatalogModel = (
-  model: ModelV2.Info,
-  credential?: Credential.Value,
-  dependencies: Dependencies = {},
-): Effect.Effect<Model, UnsupportedPackageError> => {
-  const resolved = produce(model, (draft) => {
-    if (draft.settings?.apiKey === "") delete draft.settings.apiKey
-    if (credential?.type === "key" && credential.metadata !== undefined)
-      draft.body = ProviderV2.mergeOverlay(draft.body, credential.metadata)
-  })
-  const packageName = ProviderV2.packageName(resolved.package)
-  const key = apiKey(resolved, credential)
-
-  if (OpenAICodex.isChatGPT(credential) && !ProviderV2.isAISDK(resolved.package) && isNativeOpenAI(resolved.package)) {
-    return Effect.succeed(codexModel(resolved, credential, key))
-  }
-
-  if (ProviderV2.isAISDK(resolved.package) && packageName === "@ai-sdk/openai") {
-    if (OpenAICodex.isChatGPT(credential)) return Effect.succeed(codexModel(resolved, credential, key))
-    return Effect.succeed(
-      withDefaults(resolved, OpenAIResponses.route)
-        .with({ auth: key === undefined ? Auth.none : Auth.bearer(key) })
-        .model({ id: resolved.modelID ?? resolved.id, compatibility: resolved.compatibility }),
-    )
-  }
-  if (ProviderV2.isAISDK(resolved.package) && packageName === "@ai-sdk/anthropic") {
-    return Effect.succeed(
-      withDefaults(resolved, AnthropicMessages.route)
-        .with({ auth: key === undefined ? Auth.none : Auth.header("x-api-key", key) })
-        .model({ id: resolved.modelID ?? resolved.id, compatibility: resolved.compatibility }),
-    )
-  }
-  if (
-    ProviderV2.isAISDK(resolved.package) &&
-    packageName === "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible" &&
-    typeof resolved.settings?.baseURL === "string"
-  ) {
-    return Effect.succeed(
-      withDefaults(resolved, OpenAICompatibleChat.route)
-        .with({ auth: key === undefined ? Auth.none : Auth.bearer(key) })
-        .model({ id: resolved.modelID ?? resolved.id, compatibility: resolved.compatibility }),
-    )
-  }
-  if (ProviderV2.isAISDK(resolved.package)) {
-    if (!dependencies.loadAISDK) return Effect.fail(unsupported(resolved))
-    const runtime = produce(resolved, (draft) => {
-      draft.settings = ProviderV2.mergeOverlay(draft.settings, {
-        ...(credential?.type === "key" ? { apiKey: credential.key } : {}),
-        ...(credential?.type === "oauth" ? { apiKey: credential.access } : {}),
-        ...credential?.metadata,
-      })
-    })
-    return dependencies.loadAISDK(runtime).pipe(Effect.mapError(() => unsupported(resolved)))
-  }
-  if (!resolved.package) return Effect.fail(unsupported(resolved))
-
-  const specifier = resolved.package
-  return Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const module = yield* (dependencies.loadPackage ?? ProviderV2.loadPackage)(specifier).pipe(
-      Effect.mapError(() => unsupported(resolved)),
-    )
-    const configured = { ...resolved.settings, ...credential?.metadata }
-    const settings = {
-      ...(credential ? withoutNativeAuthSettings(configured) : configured),
-      ...nativeCredentialSettings(specifier, credential),
-      headers: resolved.headers,
-      body: resolved.body,
-      limits: { context: resolved.limit.context, output: resolved.limit.output },
-    }
-    return yield* Effect.try({
-      try: () => {
-        const runtime = module.model(resolved.modelID ?? resolved.id, settings)
-        return Model.update(runtime, {
-          provider: resolved.providerID,
-          compatibility: resolved.compatibility
-            ? { ...runtime.compatibility, ...resolved.compatibility }
-            : runtime.compatibility,
-        })
-      },
-      catch: () => unsupported(resolved),
-    })
-  })
-}
-
-const isNativeOpenAI = (packageName: string | undefined) =>
-  packageName === "@opencode-ai/ai/providers/openai" ||
-  packageName?.startsWith("@opencode-ai/ai/providers/openai/") === true
-
-const nativeCredentialSettings = (specifier: string, credential: Credential.Value | undefined) => {
-  if (!credential) return {}
-  if (credential.type === "key") return { apiKey: credential.key }
-  if (
-    specifier === "@opencode-ai/ai/providers/anthropic" ||
-    specifier === "@opencode-ai/ai/providers/anthropic-compatible"
-  )
-    return { authToken: credential.access }
-  if (
-    specifier === "@opencode-ai/ai/providers/google-vertex" ||
-    specifier.startsWith("@opencode-ai/ai/providers/google-vertex/")
-  )
-    return { accessToken: credential.access }
-  return { apiKey: credential.access }
-}
-
-const withoutNativeAuthSettings = (settings: Record<string, unknown>) => {
-  const { accessToken: _accessToken, apiKey: _apiKey, authToken: _authToken, ...rest } = settings
-  return rest
-}
-
-const codexModel = (
-  model: ModelV2.Info,
-  credential: Credential.Value | undefined,
-  key: ReturnType<typeof Auth.value> | undefined,
-) => {
-  const account = OpenAICodex.accountID(credential)
-  return withDefaults(model, OpenAIResponses.route)
-    .with({
-      endpoint: { baseURL: OpenAICodex.baseURL },
-      auth: (key === undefined ? Auth.none : Auth.bearer(key)).andThen(
-        account === undefined ? Auth.none : Auth.headers({ "chatgpt-account-id": account }),
-      ),
-    })
-    .model({ id: model.modelID ?? model.id, compatibility: model.compatibility })
-}
-
-const unsupported = (model: ModelV2.Info) =>
-  new UnsupportedPackageError({
-    providerID: model.providerID,
-    modelID: model.id,
-    package: model.package ?? "unknown",
-  })
-
-export const resolve = (
-  session: SessionSchema.Info,
-  model: ModelV2.Info,
-  credential?: Credential.Value,
-  dependencies?: Dependencies,
-) =>
-  withVariant(model, session.model?.variant).pipe(
-    Effect.flatMap((model) => fromCatalogModel(model, credential, dependencies)),
-  )
-
-export const supported = (model: ModelV2.Info) => Boolean(model.package)
-
-/** Resolves models from the catalog belonging to the current Location runtime. */
 const layer = Layer.effect(
   Service,
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-    const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
-    const npm = yield* Npm.Service
-    const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+    const resolver = yield* ModelResolver.Service
     return Service.of({
       resolve: Effect.fn("SessionRunnerModel.resolve")(function* (session) {
         // Location plugins populate and filter the catalog asynchronously during layer startup.
-        const defaultModel = session.model ? undefined : yield* catalog.model.default()
-        const selected = session.model
-          ? (yield* catalog.model.available()).find(
-              (model) => model.providerID === session.model?.providerID && model.id === session.model.id,
-            )
-          : defaultModel && supported(defaultModel)
-            ? defaultModel
-            : (yield* catalog.model.available()).find(supported)
-        if (!selected && session.model)
+        if (!session.model) {
+          const resolved = yield* resolver.resolve()
+          if (resolved) return resolved
+          return yield* new ModelNotSelectedError({ sessionID: session.id })
+        }
+        const selected = (yield* catalog.model.available()).find(
+          (model) => model.providerID === session.model?.providerID && model.id === session.model.id,
+        )
+        if (!selected)
           return yield* new ModelUnavailableError({
             providerID: session.model.providerID,
             modelID: session.model.id,
           })
-        if (!selected) return yield* new ModelNotSelectedError({ sessionID: session.id })
-        const provider = yield* catalog.provider.get(selected.providerID)
-        const connection = yield* integrations.connection.active(
-          provider?.integrationID ?? Integration.ID.make(selected.providerID),
-        )
-        const model = yield* resolve(
-          session,
-          selected,
-          connection ? yield* integrations.connection.resolve(connection) : undefined,
-          {
-            loadPackage: (specifier) => ProviderV2.loadPackage(specifier, npm),
-            loadAISDK: (model) => aisdk.model(model),
-          },
-        )
-        return {
-          model,
-          ref: ModelV2.Ref.make({
-            id: selected.id,
-            providerID: selected.providerID,
-            ...(session.model?.variant === undefined ? {} : { variant: session.model.variant }),
-          }),
-          capabilities: selected.capabilities,
-          cost: selected.cost,
-        }
+        return yield* resolver.resolveModel(selected, session.model.variant)
       }),
     })
   }),
 )
 
-export const node = makeLocationNode({
-  service: Service,
-  layer,
-  deps: [Catalog.node, Integration.node, Npm.node, AISDK.node],
-})
+export const node = makeLocationNode({ service: Service, layer, deps: [Catalog.node, ModelResolver.node] })

packages/core/src/v1/config/agent.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@ import { Schema, SchemaGetter } from "effect"
 import { PositiveInt } from "../../schema"
 import { ConfigPermissionV1 } from "./permission"
 
-const Color = Schema.String.check(Schema.isPattern(/^#[0-9a-fA-F]{6}$/))
+const Color = Schema.Union([
+  Schema.String.check(Schema.isPattern(/^#[0-9a-fA-F]{6}$/)),
+  Schema.Literals(["primary", "secondary", "accent", "success", "warning", "error", "info"]),
+])
 
 const AgentSchema = Schema.StructWithRest(
   Schema.Struct({
@@ -26,7 +29,7 @@ const AgentSchema = Schema.StructWithRest(
     }),
     options: Schema.optional(Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Any)),
     color: Schema.optional(Color).annotate({
-      description: "Hex color code (e.g., #FF5733)",
+      description: "Hex color code (e.g., #FF5733) or theme color (e.g., primary)",
     }),
     steps: Schema.optional(PositiveInt).annotate({
       description: "Maximum number of agentic iterations before forcing text-only response",

packages/core/src/v1/config/migrate.ts

@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ export function migrateAgent(info: ConfigAgentV1.Info) {
     description: info.description,
     mode: info.mode,
     hidden: info.hidden,
-    color: info.color,
+    color: info.color === undefined ? undefined : info.color.startsWith("#") ? info.color : "#aaaaaa",
     steps: info.steps,
     disabled: info.disable,
     permissions: permissions(info.permission),

packages/core/test/aisdk.test.ts

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ const it = testEffect(AISDK.locationLayer)
 
 const model = (packageName: string, settings: Record<string, unknown> = {}) =>
   ModelV2.Info.make({
-    ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("test-provider"), ModelV2.ID.make("catalog-model")),
+    ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("test-provider"), ModelV2.ID.make("catalog-model")),
     modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("api-model"),
     package: ProviderV2.aisdk(packageName),
     settings,

packages/core/test/config/provider.test.ts

@@ -49,6 +49,86 @@ function withEnv<A, E, R>(vars: Record<string, string | undefined>, effect: () =
 const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Config.Info)
 
 describe("ConfigProviderPlugin.Plugin", () => {
+  it.effect("defaults custom models to agent capabilities", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
+      const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.make("custom")
+      const modelID = ModelV2.ID.make("chat")
+      const config = Config.Service.of({
+        entries: () =>
+          Effect.succeed([
+            new Config.Document({
+              type: "document",
+              info: decode({
+                providers: {
+                  custom: {
+                    package: "aisdk:@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+                    models: { chat: {} },
+                  },
+                },
+              }),
+            }),
+          ]),
+      })
+
+      yield* addPlugin(config)
+
+      const model = required(yield* catalog.model.get(providerID, modelID))
+      expect(model.capabilities).toEqual({ tools: true, input: ["text", "image"], output: ["text"] })
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("preserves catalog capabilities unless config overrides them", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
+      const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.make("custom")
+      const inheritedID = ModelV2.ID.make("inherited")
+      const overriddenID = ModelV2.ID.make("overridden")
+      yield* catalog.transform((draft) => {
+        draft.model.update(providerID, inheritedID, (model) => {
+          model.capabilities = { tools: false, input: ["text"], output: ["text"] }
+        })
+        draft.model.update(providerID, overriddenID, (model) => {
+          model.capabilities = { tools: false, input: ["text"], output: ["text"] }
+        })
+      })
+      const config = Config.Service.of({
+        entries: () =>
+          Effect.succeed([
+            new Config.Document({
+              type: "document",
+              info: decode({
+                providers: {
+                  custom: {
+                    package: "aisdk:@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+                    models: {
+                      inherited: { name: "Inherited" },
+                      overridden: {
+                        capabilities: { tools: true, input: ["text", "image"], output: ["text"] },
+                      },
+                    },
+                  },
+                },
+              }),
+            }),
+          ]),
+      })
+
+      yield* addPlugin(config)
+
+      expect((yield* catalog.model.get(providerID, inheritedID))?.capabilities).toEqual({
+        tools: false,
+        input: ["text"],
+        output: ["text"],
+      })
+      expect((yield* catalog.model.get(providerID, overriddenID))?.capabilities).toEqual({
+        tools: true,
+        input: ["text", "image"],
+        output: ["text"],
+      })
+    }),
+  )
+
   it.effect("keeps configured model variant bodies unchanged", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service

packages/core/test/generate.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+import { expect } from "bun:test"
+import { LLMClient, LLMEvent, LLMResponse, Model } from "@opencode-ai/ai"
+import { OpenAIChat } from "@opencode-ai/ai/protocols"
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
+import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
+import { Generate } from "@opencode-ai/core/generate"
+import { Integration } from "@opencode-ai/core/integration"
+import { ModelResolver } from "@opencode-ai/core/model-resolver"
+import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
+import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
+import { Npm } from "@opencode-ai/util/npm"
+import { Effect, Layer, Stream } from "effect"
+import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
+
+const selected = ModelV2.Info.make({
+  ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("test-provider"), ModelV2.ID.make("gemini")),
+  package: ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/google"),
+})
+const runtime = Model.make({ id: "gemini", provider: "test-provider", route: OpenAIChat.route })
+
+const catalog = Layer.mock(Catalog.Service, {
+  provider: {
+    get: () => Effect.succeed(undefined),
+    all: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+    available: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+  },
+  model: {
+    get: () => Effect.succeed(selected),
+    all: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+    available: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+    default: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+    small: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+  },
+})
+const integrations = Layer.mock(Integration.Service, {
+  connection: {
+    active: () => Effect.succeed(undefined),
+    resolve: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+    key: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+    update: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+    remove: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+  },
+  oauth: {
+    connect: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+    status: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+    complete: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+    cancel: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+  },
+  command: {
+    connect: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+    status: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+    cancel: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+  },
+})
+const npm = Layer.mock(Npm.Service, {
+  add: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+  install: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+  which: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+})
+const aisdk = Layer.mock(AISDK.Service, {
+  hook: {
+    sdk: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+    language: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+  },
+  model: () => Effect.succeed(runtime),
+})
+const client = Layer.mock(LLMClient.Service)({
+  prepare: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+  stream: () => Stream.die("unused"),
+  generate: () =>
+    Effect.sync(() => {
+      const response = LLMResponse.fromEvents([
+        LLMEvent.textStart({ id: "generate" }),
+        LLMEvent.textDelta({ id: "generate", text: "OK" }),
+        LLMEvent.textEnd({ id: "generate" }),
+        LLMEvent.finish({ reason: "stop" }),
+      ])
+      if (!response) throw new Error("Incomplete generate response")
+      return response
+    }),
+})
+
+const resolver = ModelResolver.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(Layer.mergeAll(catalog, integrations, npm, aisdk)))
+const it = testEffect(Generate.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(Layer.merge(resolver, client))))
+const resolverIt = testEffect(resolver)
+
+it.effect("loads dynamic AI SDK models", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const generate = yield* Generate.Service
+    const result = yield* generate.text({
+      prompt: "Return exactly OK",
+      model: ModelV2.Ref.make({ providerID: selected.providerID, id: selected.id }),
+    })
+
+    expect(result).toBe("OK")
+  }),
+)
+
+resolverIt.effect("resolves dynamic models with their catalog metadata", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const resolver = yield* ModelResolver.Service
+    const result = yield* resolver.resolve(ModelV2.Ref.make({ providerID: selected.providerID, id: selected.id }))
+
+    expect(result).toEqual({
+      model: runtime,
+      ref: ModelV2.Ref.make({ providerID: selected.providerID, id: selected.id }),
+      capabilities: selected.capabilities,
+      cost: selected.cost,
+    })
+  }),
+)

packages/core/test/github-copilot/models.test.ts

@@ -49,12 +49,12 @@ test("defensively syncs advertised Copilot models", async () => {
 
   try {
     const existing = ModelV2.Info.make({
-      ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.githubCopilot, ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
+      ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.githubCopilot, ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
       modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"),
       name: "GPT-5 local",
     })
     const stale = ModelV2.Info.make({
-      ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.githubCopilot, ModelV2.ID.make("stale")),
+      ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.githubCopilot, ModelV2.ID.make("stale")),
       modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("stale"),
     })
     const models = await CopilotModels.get(server.url.origin, {}, [existing, stale])

packages/core/test/model-resolver.test.ts

@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { LLM, Model } from "@opencode-ai/ai"
 import { LLMClient } from "@opencode-ai/ai/route"
-import { DateTime, Effect } from "effect"
-import { Money } from "@opencode-ai/schema/money"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Headers } from "effect/unstable/http"
 import { Credential } from "@opencode-ai/core/credential"
 import { Integration } from "@opencode-ai/core/integration"
 import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { ProjectV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/project"
-import { SessionRunnerModel } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/runner/model"
-import { SessionV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/session"
-import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
+import { ModelResolver } from "@opencode-ai/core/model-resolver"
 import { it } from "./lib/effect"
 
 interface ModelOptions {
@@ -43,13 +39,13 @@ const model = (packageName: string | undefined, options: ModelOptions = {}) =>
     limit: { context: 100, output: 20 },
   })
 
-describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
+describe("ModelResolver", () => {
   it.effect("uses the API modelID instead of the catalog ID for native OpenAI routes", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const catalog = model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/openai"), {
         settings: { baseURL: "https://openai.example/v1" },
       })
-      const resolved = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(catalog)
+      const resolved = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(catalog)
 
       expect(catalog.id).toBe(ModelV2.ID.make("test-model"))
       expect(resolved).toMatchObject({ id: "api-test-model", provider: "test-provider" })
@@ -68,7 +64,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
 
   it.effect("keeps catalog apiKey credentials out of provider JSON", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const resolved = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      const resolved = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/openai"), {
           settings: { apiKey: "secret", baseURL: "https://openai.example/v1" },
         }),
@@ -82,7 +78,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
 
   it.effect("treats an empty configured API key as omitted", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const resolved = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      const resolved = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/openai"), {
           settings: { apiKey: "", baseURL: "https://openai.example/v1" },
         }),
@@ -101,7 +97,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
 
   it.effect("uses merged API settings for OpenAI-compatible auth and request defaults", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const resolved = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      const resolved = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/openai-compatible"), {
           compatibility: { reasoningField: "vendor_reasoning" },
           settings: {
@@ -130,7 +126,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("overlays selected OpenAI Session variant settings and bodies", () =>
+  it.effect("overlays selected OpenAI variant settings and bodies", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const catalog = model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/openai"), {
         settings: { baseURL: "https://openai.example/v1" },
@@ -147,22 +143,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
           },
         ],
       })
-      const session = SessionV2.Info.make({
-        id: SessionV2.ID.make("ses_model_variant"),
-        projectID: ProjectV2.ID.global,
-        title: "test",
-        model: {
-          id: catalog.id,
-          providerID: catalog.providerID,
-          variant: ModelV2.VariantID.make("high"),
-        },
-        cost: Money.USD.zero,
-        tokens: { input: 0, output: 0, reasoning: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } },
-        time: { created: DateTime.makeUnsafe(0), updated: DateTime.makeUnsafe(0) },
-        location: { directory: AbsolutePath.make("/project") },
-      })
-
-      const resolved = yield* SessionRunnerModel.resolve(session, catalog)
+      const resolved = yield* ModelResolver.resolveModel(catalog, ModelV2.VariantID.make("high"))
 
       expect(resolved.route.defaults.headers).toMatchObject({ "x-test": "header", "x-variant": "high" })
       expect(resolved.route.defaults.http?.body).toEqual({
@@ -177,7 +158,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("overlays selected OpenAI-compatible Session variant bodies", () =>
+  it.effect("overlays selected OpenAI-compatible variant bodies", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const catalog = model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/openai-compatible"), {
         settings: { baseURL: "https://compatible.example/v1" },
@@ -190,18 +171,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
           },
         ],
       })
-      const session = SessionV2.Info.make({
-        id: SessionV2.ID.make("ses_compatible_variant"),
-        projectID: ProjectV2.ID.global,
-        title: "test",
-        model: { id: catalog.id, providerID: catalog.providerID, variant: ModelV2.VariantID.make("high") },
-        cost: Money.USD.zero,
-        tokens: { input: 0, output: 0, reasoning: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } },
-        time: { created: DateTime.makeUnsafe(0), updated: DateTime.makeUnsafe(0) },
-        location: { directory: AbsolutePath.make("/project") },
-      })
-
-      const resolved = yield* SessionRunnerModel.resolve(session, catalog)
+      const resolved = yield* ModelResolver.resolveModel(catalog, ModelV2.VariantID.make("high"))
 
       expect(resolved.route.defaults.http?.body).toEqual({
         custom_extension: { enabled: true },
@@ -211,27 +181,12 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("rejects an explicit unavailable Session variant during model resolution", () =>
+  it.effect("rejects an explicit unavailable variant during model resolution", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const catalog = model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/openai"), {
         settings: { baseURL: "https://openai.example/v1" },
       })
-      const session = SessionV2.Info.make({
-        id: SessionV2.ID.make("ses_model_variant_unavailable"),
-        projectID: ProjectV2.ID.global,
-        title: "test",
-        model: {
-          id: catalog.id,
-          providerID: catalog.providerID,
-          variant: ModelV2.VariantID.make("unknown"),
-        },
-        cost: Money.USD.zero,
-        tokens: { input: 0, output: 0, reasoning: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } },
-        time: { created: DateTime.makeUnsafe(0), updated: DateTime.makeUnsafe(0) },
-        location: { directory: AbsolutePath.make("/project") },
-      })
-
-      const failure = yield* SessionRunnerModel.resolve(session, catalog).pipe(Effect.flip)
+      const failure = yield* ModelResolver.resolveModel(catalog, ModelV2.VariantID.make("unknown")).pipe(Effect.flip)
 
       expect(failure).toMatchObject({
         _tag: "SessionRunnerModel.VariantUnavailableError",
@@ -243,7 +198,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("overlays selected Anthropic Session variant settings", () =>
+  it.effect("overlays selected Anthropic variant settings", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const catalog = model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/anthropic"), {
         settings: { baseURL: "https://anthropic.example/v1" },
@@ -256,18 +211,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
           },
         ],
       })
-      const session = SessionV2.Info.make({
-        id: SessionV2.ID.make("ses_anthropic_variant"),
-        projectID: ProjectV2.ID.global,
-        title: "test",
-        model: { id: catalog.id, providerID: catalog.providerID, variant: ModelV2.VariantID.make("high") },
-        cost: Money.USD.zero,
-        tokens: { input: 0, output: 0, reasoning: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } },
-        time: { created: DateTime.makeUnsafe(0), updated: DateTime.makeUnsafe(0) },
-        location: { directory: AbsolutePath.make("/project") },
-      })
-
-      const resolved = yield* SessionRunnerModel.resolve(session, catalog)
+      const resolved = yield* ModelResolver.resolveModel(catalog, ModelV2.VariantID.make("high"))
 
       expect(resolved.route.defaults.http?.body).toEqual({
         custom_extension: { enabled: true },
@@ -280,7 +224,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
 
   it.effect("maps catalog Anthropic AI SDK models into native routes", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const resolved = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      const resolved = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/anthropic"), {
           settings: { baseURL: "https://anthropic.example/v1" },
         }),
@@ -296,7 +240,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
 
   it.effect("uses resolved credentials for bearer auth", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const resolved = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      const resolved = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/openai"), {
           settings: { baseURL: "https://openai.example/v1" },
           headers: {},
@@ -320,7 +264,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
   it.effect("prefers stored credentials over configured auth", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const credential = Credential.Key.make({ type: "key", key: "stored-secret", metadata: { tenant: "work" } })
-      const resolved = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      const resolved = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/openai"), {
           settings: { apiKey: "configured-secret", baseURL: "https://openai.example/v1" },
           headers: {},
@@ -343,7 +287,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
 
   it.effect("does not project OAuth account metadata into the request body", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const resolved = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      const resolved = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/openai"), {
           settings: { baseURL: "https://openai.example/v1" },
           headers: {},
@@ -365,7 +309,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
 
   it.effect("routes ChatGPT OAuth credentials to the codex backend", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const resolved = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      const resolved = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/openai"), {
           settings: { baseURL: "https://openai.example/v1" },
           headers: {},
@@ -400,7 +344,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
 
   it.effect("routes native OpenAI provider packages with ChatGPT credentials to the codex backend", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const resolved = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      const resolved = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model("@opencode-ai/ai/providers/openai", {
           settings: { baseURL: "https://openai.example/v1" },
         }),
@@ -429,7 +373,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
 
   it.effect("does not route native OpenAI-compatible packages to the codex backend", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const resolved = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      const resolved = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model("@opencode-ai/ai/providers/openai-compatible", {
           settings: { baseURL: "https://compatible.example/v1" },
         }),
@@ -450,7 +394,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
 
   it.effect("maps legacy OpenAI organization and project settings to headers", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const resolved = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      const resolved = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/openai"), {
           settings: { organization: "org_123", project: "proj_123" },
         }),
@@ -465,7 +409,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
 
   it.effect("routes ChatGPT OAuth credentials without an account id to the codex backend", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const resolved = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      const resolved = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/openai"), {
           settings: { baseURL: "https://openai.example/v1" },
           headers: {},
@@ -496,7 +440,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
 
   it.effect("keeps non-ChatGPT OAuth credentials on the configured endpoint", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const resolved = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      const resolved = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/openai"), {
           settings: { baseURL: "https://openai.example/v1" },
           headers: {},
@@ -528,12 +472,12 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
 
   it.effect("loads dynamic native provider packages through the injected package loader", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const native = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      const native = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/openai"), {
           settings: { baseURL: "https://openai.example/v1" },
         }),
       )
-      const resolved = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      const resolved = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model("@opencode-ai/ai/providers/custom", {
           settings: { region: "test" },
           headers: { "x-package": "header" },
@@ -565,7 +509,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
 
   it.effect("maps OAuth credentials to native provider auth settings", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const native = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      const native = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/openai"), {
           settings: { baseURL: "https://openai.example/v1" },
         }),
@@ -588,7 +532,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
       ] as const
 
       yield* Effect.forEach(packages, ([specifier, key]) =>
-        SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(model(specifier, { settings: { apiKey: "configured-key" } }), credential, {
+        ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(model(specifier, { settings: { apiKey: "configured-key" } }), credential, {
           loadPackage: () =>
             Effect.succeed({
               model: (modelID, settings) => {
@@ -604,12 +548,12 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
 
   it.effect("loads arbitrary AISDK packages through the injected AISDK loader", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const native = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      const native = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/openai"), {
           settings: { baseURL: "https://openai.example/v1" },
         }),
       )
-      const resolved = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      const resolved = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/google"), {
           modelID: "gemini-api-model",
           settings: { project: "test" },
@@ -644,7 +588,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
 
   it.effect("rejects AISDK packages without an available loader", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const failure = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      const failure = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/google"), {
           settings: { baseURL: "https://google.example/v1" },
         }),
@@ -662,12 +606,12 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
 
   it.effect("drops an empty API key before loading an AISDK package", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const native = yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      const native = yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/openai"), {
           settings: { baseURL: "https://openai.example/v1" },
         }),
       )
-      yield* SessionRunnerModel.fromCatalogModel(
+      yield* ModelResolver.fromCatalogModel(
         model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/google"), {
           settings: { apiKey: "", baseURL: "https://google.example/v1" },
         }),
@@ -685,9 +629,9 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
 
   it.effect("reports whether a catalog model declares a provider package", () =>
     Effect.sync(() => {
-      expect(SessionRunnerModel.supported(model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/openai")))).toBe(true)
-      expect(SessionRunnerModel.supported(model("@opencode-ai/ai/providers/custom"))).toBe(true)
-      expect(SessionRunnerModel.supported(model(undefined))).toBe(false)
+      expect(ModelResolver.supported(model(ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/openai")))).toBe(true)
+      expect(ModelResolver.supported(model("@opencode-ai/ai/providers/custom"))).toBe(true)
+      expect(ModelResolver.supported(model(undefined))).toBe(false)
     }),
   )
 })

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-amazon-bedrock.test.ts

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
         yield* addPlugin()
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
           }),
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
         yield* addPlugin()
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
           }),
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
           yield* addPlugin()
           const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
             model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+              ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
               modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
               package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
             }),
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
         yield* addPlugin()
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
           }),
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
         yield* addPlugin()
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
           }),
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
         yield* addPlugin()
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
           }),
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
         yield* addPlugin()
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
           }),
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
         yield* addPlugin()
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
           }),
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
         yield* addPlugin()
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("openai.gpt-5.5")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("openai.gpt-5.5")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("openai.gpt-5.5"),
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/mantle"),
           }),
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("openai.gpt-5.5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("openai.gpt-5.5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("openai.gpt-5.5"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/mantle"),
         }),
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
       })
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("openai.gpt-oss-safeguard-120b")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("openai.gpt-oss-safeguard-120b")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("openai.gpt-oss-safeguard-120b"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/mantle"),
         }),
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/anthropic"),
         }),
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
           yield* addPlugin()
           const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
             model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+              ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
               modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
               package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
             }),
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
         }),
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
       })
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
         }),
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
       })
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("global.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("global.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("global.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
         }),
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
       })
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
         }),
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
       })
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
         }),
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
         yield* addPlugin()
         yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
           }),
@@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
       for (const item of cases) {
         yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make(item.modelID)),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make(item.modelID)),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make(item.modelID),
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
           }),
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
         }),

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-anthropic.test.ts

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ describe("AnthropicPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-anthropic"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-anthropic"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/anthropic"),
         }),
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ describe("AnthropicPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.anthropic, ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.anthropic, ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("@ai-sdk/anthropic"),
         }),

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-azure-cognitive-services.test.ts

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ describe("AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services"), ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services"), ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("deployment"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ describe("AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services"), ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services"), ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("deployment"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ describe("AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin", () => {
       })
       const ignored = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("deployment"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ describe("AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services"), ModelV2.ID.make("messages-deployment")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services"), ModelV2.ID.make("messages-deployment")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("messages-deployment"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ describe("AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin", () => {
       })
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services"), ModelV2.ID.make("chat-deployment")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services"), ModelV2.ID.make("chat-deployment")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("chat-deployment"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ describe("AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin", () => {
       })
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services"), ModelV2.ID.make("language-deployment")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services"), ModelV2.ID.make("language-deployment")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("language-deployment"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-azure.test.ts

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
         yield* addPlugin()
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("deployment"),
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
           }),
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
         const exit = yield* aisdk
           .runSDK({
             model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
+              ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
               modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("deployment"),
               package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
             }),
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("deployment"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
         }),
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("deployment"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
         }),
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("deployment"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
           body: { useCompletionUrls: true },
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("deployment"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
         }),
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
       })
       const ignored = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("deployment"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
         }),
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("messages-deployment")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("messages-deployment")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("messages-deployment"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
         }),
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
       })
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("language-deployment")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("language-deployment")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("language-deployment"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
         }),

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-cerebras.test.ts

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ describe("CerebrasPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(
             ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-cerebras"),
             ModelV2.ID.make("llama-4-scout-17b-16e-instruct"),
           ),
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ describe("CerebrasPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(
             ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-cerebras"),
             ModelV2.ID.make("llama-4-scout-17b-16e-instruct"),
           ),
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ describe("CerebrasPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(
             ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-cerebras"),
             ModelV2.ID.make("llama-4-scout-17b-16e-instruct"),
           ),

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-cloudflare-ai-gateway.test.ts

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
           yield* addPlugin()
           const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
             model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+              ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
               modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"),
               package: "aisdk:test-provider",
             }),
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
 
         yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"),
             package: "aisdk:test-provider",
           }),
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
 
         yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"),
             package: "aisdk:test-provider",
           }),
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
 
         yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"),
             package: "aisdk:test-provider",
           }),
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
 
           yield* aisdk.runSDK({
             model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+              ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
               modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"),
               package: "aisdk:test-provider",
             }),
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
 
         yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"),
             package: "aisdk:test-provider",
           }),
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
 
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"),
             package: "aisdk:test-provider",
           }),
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
 
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"),
             package: "aisdk:test-provider",
           }),
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
 
           const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
             model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+              ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
               modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"),
               package: "aisdk:test-provider",
             }),
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
 
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(
               ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"),
               ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic/claude-sonnet-4-5"),
             ),
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
 
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"),
             package: "aisdk:test-provider",
           }),

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-cloudflare-workers-ai.test.ts

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ describe("CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin", () => {
         const provider = required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai")))
         const sdk = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model"),
             package: provider.package,
             settings: provider.settings,
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ describe("CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin", () => {
         yield* addPlugin()
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model"),
             package: "aisdk:@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
             settings: { baseURL: "https://proxy.example/v1" },
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ describe("CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin", () => {
         yield* addPlugin()
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model"),
             package: "aisdk:@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
             settings: { baseURL: "https://proxy.example/v1" },
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ describe("CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin", () => {
         yield* addPlugin()
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model"),
             package: "aisdk:@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
             settings: { baseURL: "https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/accounts/${CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID}/ai/v1" },
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ describe("CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/api-model"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ describe("CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin", () => {
         yield* addPlugin()
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model"),
             package: "aisdk:@ai-sdk/anthropic",
             settings: { baseURL: "https://proxy.example/v1" },

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-dynamic.test.ts

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ describe("DynamicProviderPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("test-model")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("test-model")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("test-model"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk(fixtureProvider),
         }),
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ describe("DynamicProviderPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("test-model")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("test-model")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("test-model"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk(fixtureProvider),
         }),
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ describe("DynamicProviderPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-provider"), ModelV2.ID.make("test-model")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-provider"), ModelV2.ID.make("test-model")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("test-model"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk(fixtureProvider),
         }),
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ describe("DynamicProviderPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin(npmEntrypoint(fixtureProviderPath))
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("npm-provider"), ModelV2.ID.make("test-model")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("npm-provider"), ModelV2.ID.make("test-model")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("test-model"),
           package: "aisdk:fixture-provider",
         }),
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ describe("DynamicProviderPlugin", () => {
       const exit = yield* aisdk
         .language(
           ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("missing-entrypoint"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("missing-entrypoint"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("alias"),
             package: "aisdk:fixture-provider",
           }),
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ describe("DynamicProviderPlugin", () => {
       const exit = yield* aisdk
         .language(
           ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("bad-import"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("bad-import"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("alias"),
             package: "aisdk:file:///missing/provider-factory.js",
           }),
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ describe("DynamicProviderPlugin", () => {
       const exit = yield* aisdk
         .language(
           ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("missing-factory"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("missing-factory"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("alias"),
             package: "aisdk:fixture-provider",
           }),
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ describe("DynamicProviderPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const language = yield* aisdk.language(
         ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("test-model-api"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk(fixtureProvider),
         }),

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-factory.test.ts

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ providers.forEach((item) =>
       const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
       yield* item.plugin.effect(host)
       const model = ModelV2.Info.make({
-        ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make(item.id), modelID),
+        ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make(item.id), modelID),
         modelID,
         package: ProviderV2.aisdk(item.package),
       })

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-github-copilot.test.ts

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const ignored = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
       })
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
       })
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5.1-codex")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5.1-codex")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5.1-codex"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
       })
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-4o")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-4o")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-4o"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
       })
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-mini")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-mini")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-mini"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
       })
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("mai-code-1-flash-picker")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("mai-code-1-flash-picker")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("mai-code-1-flash-picker"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
           settings: { endpoint: "responses" },
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
       })
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
           settings: { endpoint: "chat" },
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("default")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("default")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
       })
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("small")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("small")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-mini"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
       })
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("sonnet")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("sonnet")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("openai"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("openai"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-gitlab.test.ts

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ describe("GitLabPlugin", () => {
           yield* addPlugin()
           yield* aisdk.runSDK({
             model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude")),
+              ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude")),
               modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("claude"),
               package: "aisdk:test-provider",
             }),
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ describe("GitLabPlugin", () => {
           yield* addPlugin()
           yield* aisdk.runSDK({
             model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude")),
+              ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude")),
               modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("claude"),
               package: "aisdk:test-provider",
             }),
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ describe("GitLabPlugin", () => {
           yield* addPlugin()
           yield* aisdk.runSDK({
             model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude")),
+              ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude")),
               modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("claude"),
               package: "aisdk:test-provider",
             }),
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ describe("GitLabPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("claude"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ describe("GitLabPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("duo-workflow-custom")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("duo-workflow-custom")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("duo-workflow-custom"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
           headers: {},
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ describe("GitLabPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("duo-workflow-exact")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("duo-workflow-exact")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("duo-workflow-exact"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ describe("GitLabPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("duo-workflow-custom")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("duo-workflow-custom")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("duo-workflow-custom"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
           headers: {},
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ describe("GitLabPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("claude"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
           headers: { h: "v" },

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-google-vertex-anthropic.test.ts

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ describe("GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin", () => {
           yield* addPlugin(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
           const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
             model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(
+              ...ModelV2.Info.default(
                 ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex-anthropic"),
                 ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5"),
               ),
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ describe("GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin", () => {
           yield* addPlugin(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
           const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
             model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(
+              ...ModelV2.Info.default(
                 ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex-anthropic"),
                 ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5"),
               ),
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ describe("GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ describe("GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ describe("GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
       const sdkResult = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make(" claude-sonnet-4-5 ")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make(" claude-sonnet-4-5 ")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make(" claude-sonnet-4-5 "),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ describe("GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin", () => {
       })
       const languageResult = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make(" claude-sonnet-4-5 ")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make(" claude-sonnet-4-5 ")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make(" claude-sonnet-4-5 "),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ describe("GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex-anthropic"), ModelV2.ID.make(" claude-sonnet-4-5 ")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex-anthropic"), ModelV2.ID.make(" claude-sonnet-4-5 ")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make(" claude-sonnet-4-5 "),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ describe("GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
       const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-google-vertex.test.ts

@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ describe("GoogleVertexPlugin", () => {
           const provider = required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex")))
           yield* aisdk.runSDK({
             model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make("gemini")),
+              ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make("gemini")),
               modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gemini"),
               package: "aisdk:@ai-sdk/google-vertex",
             }),
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ describe("GoogleVertexPlugin", () => {
           yield* addPlugin()
           yield* aisdk.runSDK({
             model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make("gemini")),
+              ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make("gemini")),
               modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gemini"),
               package: "aisdk:@ai-sdk/google-vertex",
             }),
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ describe("GoogleVertexPlugin", () => {
         () =>
           aisdk.runSDK({
             model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make("gemini")),
+              ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make("gemini")),
               modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gemini"),
               package: "aisdk:@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
             }),
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ describe("GoogleVertexPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make(" gemini-2.5-pro ")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make(" gemini-2.5-pro ")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make(" gemini-2.5-pro "),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-google.test.ts

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ describe("GooglePlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-google"), ModelV2.ID.make("gemini")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-google"), ModelV2.ID.make("gemini")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gemini"),
           package: "aisdk:@ai-sdk/google",
         }),
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ describe("GooglePlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google"), ModelV2.ID.make("gemini")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("google"), ModelV2.ID.make("gemini")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gemini"),
           package: "aisdk:@ai-sdk/google",
         }),
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ describe("GooglePlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const sdkEvent = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-google"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-google"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gemini-api"),
           package: "aisdk:@ai-sdk/google",
         }),
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ describe("GooglePlugin", () => {
 
       const resolved = yield* aisdk.model(
         ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-google"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-google"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gemini-api"),
           package: "aisdk:@ai-sdk/google",
           settings: { apiKey: "test" },

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-openai-compatible.test.ts

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ describe("OpenAICompatiblePlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const defaulted = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("model"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ describe("OpenAICompatiblePlugin", () => {
       })
       const disabled = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("model"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ describe("OpenAICompatiblePlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("model"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ describe("OpenAICompatiblePlugin", () => {
       )
       yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-provider"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-provider"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("model"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ describe("OpenAICompatiblePlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("model"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-openai.test.ts

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ describe("OpenAIPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-openai"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-openai"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
         }),
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ describe("OpenAIPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
         }),
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ describe("OpenAIPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
         }),
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ describe("OpenAIPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.anthropic, ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.anthropic, ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
         }),

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-opencode.test.ts

@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ describe("OpencodePlugin", () => {
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
           })
           const model = ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("paid")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("paid")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("paid"),
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
             cost: cost(1),
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ describe("OpencodePlugin", () => {
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
           })
           const model = ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("free")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("free")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("free"),
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
             cost: cost(0),
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ describe("OpencodePlugin", () => {
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
           })
           const model = ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("output-only")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("output-only")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("output-only"),
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
             cost: cost(0, 1),
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ describe("OpencodePlugin", () => {
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
           })
           const model = ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("paid")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("paid")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("paid"),
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
             cost: cost(1),
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ describe("OpencodePlugin", () => {
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
           })
           const model = ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("paid")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("paid")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("paid"),
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
             cost: cost(1),
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ describe("OpencodePlugin", () => {
             settings: { apiKey: "configured" },
           })
           const model = ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("paid")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("paid")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("paid"),
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
             cost: cost(1),
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ describe("OpencodePlugin", () => {
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
           })
           const model = ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("paid")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("paid")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("paid"),
             package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
             cost: cost(1),

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-openrouter.test.ts

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ describe("OpenRouterPlugin", () => {
 
       const ignored = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter, ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter, ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
         }),
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ describe("OpenRouterPlugin", () => {
 
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"),
           package: ProviderV2.aisdk("test-provider"),
         }),

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-sap-ai-core.test.ts

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ function withEnv<A, E, R>(vars: Record<string, string | undefined>, effect: () =
 
 function model(providerID: string) {
   return ModelV2.Info.make({
-    ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make(providerID), ModelV2.ID.make("sap-model")),
+    ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make(providerID), ModelV2.ID.make("sap-model")),
     modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("sap-model"),
     package: ProviderV2.aisdk(fixtureProvider),
   })

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-snowflake-cortex.test.ts

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ describe("SnowflakeCortexPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("openai"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-4")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("openai"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-4")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-4"),
           package: "aisdk:test-provider",
         }),
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ describe("SnowflakeCortexPlugin", () => {
         yield* addPlugin()
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("snowflake-cortex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("snowflake-cortex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6"),
             package: "aisdk:test-provider",
           }),
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ describe("SnowflakeCortexPlugin", () => {
         yield* addPlugin()
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("snowflake-cortex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("snowflake-cortex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6"),
             package: "aisdk:test-provider",
           }),
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ describe("SnowflakeCortexPlugin", () => {
         yield* addPlugin()
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("snowflake-cortex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("snowflake-cortex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6"),
             package: "aisdk:test-provider",
           }),
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ describe("SnowflakeCortexPlugin", () => {
         yield* addPlugin()
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("snowflake-cortex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("snowflake-cortex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6"),
             package: "aisdk:test-provider",
           }),
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ describe("SnowflakeCortexPlugin", () => {
         yield* addPlugin()
         const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
           model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("snowflake-cortex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6")),
+            ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("snowflake-cortex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6")),
             modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6"),
             package: "aisdk:test-provider",
           }),

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-vercel.test.ts

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ describe("VercelPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const event = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-vercel"), ModelV2.ID.make("v0-1.0-md")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-vercel"), ModelV2.ID.make("v0-1.0-md")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("v0-1.0-md"),
           package: "aisdk:@ai-sdk/vercel",
         }),

packages/core/test/plugin/provider-xai.test.ts

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ describe("XAIPlugin", () => {
 
       const ignored = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("xai"), ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("xai"), ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4"),
           package: "aisdk:@ai-sdk/xai",
         }),
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ describe("XAIPlugin", () => {
 
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("xai"), ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("xai"), ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4"),
           package: "aisdk:@ai-sdk/xai",
         }),
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ describe("XAIPlugin", () => {
 
       const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-xai"), ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-xai"), ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4"),
           package: "aisdk:@ai-sdk/xai",
         }),
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ describe("XAIPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("xai"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("xai"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4"),
           package: "aisdk:@ai-sdk/xai",
         }),
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ describe("XAIPlugin", () => {
       yield* addPlugin()
       const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
         model: ModelV2.Info.make({
-          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4")),
+          ...ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4")),
           modelID: ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4"),
           package: "aisdk:@ai-sdk/xai",
         }),

packages/core/test/session-compact.test.ts

@@ -49,14 +49,15 @@ const client = Layer.mock(LLMClient.Service)({
   generate: () => Effect.die("unused"),
 })
 const config = Layer.mock(Config.Service)({ entries: () => Effect.succeed([]) })
-const models = SessionRunnerModel.layerWith(() =>
-  Effect.succeed(
-    SessionRunnerModel.resolved(model, {
-      capabilities: { tools: true, input: ["text", "image"], output: ["text"] },
-      cost: [],
-    }),
-  ),
-)
+const models = Layer.mock(SessionRunnerModel.Service)({
+  resolve: () =>
+    Effect.succeed(
+      SessionRunnerModel.resolved(model, {
+        capabilities: { tools: true, input: ["text", "image"], output: ["text"] },
+        cost: [],
+      }),
+    ),
+})
 const locations = Layer.effect(
   LocationServiceMap.Service,
   LayerMap.make(

packages/core/test/session-generate.test.ts

@@ -66,14 +66,15 @@ const client = Layer.mock(LLMClient.Service)({
       return response
     }),
 })
-const models = SessionRunnerModel.layerWith(() =>
-  Effect.succeed(
-    SessionRunnerModel.resolved(model, {
-      capabilities: { tools: true, input: ["text", "image"], output: ["text"] },
-      cost: [],
-    }),
-  ),
-)
+const models = Layer.mock(SessionRunnerModel.Service)({
+  resolve: () =>
+    Effect.succeed(
+      SessionRunnerModel.resolved(model, {
+        capabilities: { tools: true, input: ["text", "image"], output: ["text"] },
+        cost: [],
+      }),
+    ),
+})
 const builtins = Layer.mock(InstructionBuiltIns.Service, {
   load: () =>
     Effect.succeed(

packages/core/test/session-runner-recorded.test.ts

@@ -73,14 +73,15 @@ const model = OpenAIChat.route
     generation: { maxTokens: 20, temperature: 0 },
   })
   .model({ id: "gpt-4o-mini" })
-const models = SessionRunnerModel.layerWith(() =>
-  Effect.succeed(
-    SessionRunnerModel.resolved(model, {
-      capabilities: { tools: true, input: ["text", "image"], output: ["text"] },
-      cost: [],
-    }),
-  ),
-)
+const models = Layer.mock(SessionRunnerModel.Service)({
+  resolve: () =>
+    Effect.succeed(
+      SessionRunnerModel.resolved(model, {
+        capabilities: { tools: true, input: ["text", "image"], output: ["text"] },
+        cost: [],
+      }),
+    ),
+})
 const systemContext = Layer.mock(InstructionBuiltIns.Service, { load: () => Effect.succeed(Instructions.empty) })
 const instructionContext = Layer.mock(InstructionDiscovery.Service, { load: () => Effect.succeed(Instructions.empty) })
 const skillInstructions = Layer.mock(SkillInstructions.Service, { load: () => Effect.succeed(Instructions.empty) })

packages/core/test/session-runner.test.ts

@@ -280,17 +280,18 @@ const echo = Layer.effectDiscard(
 const echoNode = makeLocationNode({ name: "test/session-runner-tools", layer: echo, deps: [ToolRegistry.node] })
 let modelResolveHook = Effect.void
 let currentModel = model
-const models = SessionRunnerModel.layerWith((session) =>
-  modelResolveHook.pipe(
-    Effect.as(
-      SessionRunnerModel.resolved(session.model?.id === "replacement" ? replacementModel : currentModel, {
-        capabilities: { tools: true, input: ["text", "image"], output: ["text"] },
-        cost: [],
-        variant: session.model?.variant,
-      }),
+const models = Layer.mock(SessionRunnerModel.Service)({
+  resolve: (session) =>
+    modelResolveHook.pipe(
+      Effect.as(
+        SessionRunnerModel.resolved(session.model?.id === "replacement" ? replacementModel : currentModel, {
+          capabilities: { tools: true, input: ["text", "image"], output: ["text"] },
+          cost: [],
+          variant: session.model?.variant,
+        }),
+      ),
     ),
-  ),
-)
+})
 const systemContextKey = Instructions.Key.make("test/context")
 let systemBaseline = "Initial context"
 let systemRemoved = false

packages/core/test/shared-schema.test.ts

@@ -170,8 +170,8 @@ test("Core reuses the canonical shared schemas", async () => {
   for (const [core, shared] of schemas) expect(core).toBe(shared)
 
   expect(Agent.Info.empty(Agent.ID.make("test"))).toEqual(AgentV2.Info.empty(AgentV2.ID.make("test")))
-  expect(Model.Info.empty(Provider.ID.make("test"), Model.ID.make("model"))).toEqual(
-    ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("test"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+  expect(Model.Info.default(Provider.ID.make("test"), Model.ID.make("model"))).toEqual(
+    ModelV2.Info.default(ProviderV2.ID.make("test"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
   )
   expect(Provider.Info.empty(Provider.ID.make("test"))).toEqual(ProviderV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("test")))
   expect(Skill.Source.key(Skill.DirectorySource.make({ type: "directory", path: AbsolutePath.make("/tmp") }))).toBe(

packages/core/test/tool-search.test.ts

@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ describe("search tools", () => {
 
               expect(glob.output?.structured).toEqual({ count: FileSystem.DEFAULT_SEARCH_LIMIT })
               expect(grep.output?.structured).toEqual({ matches: FileSystem.DEFAULT_SEARCH_LIMIT })
-              expect(glob.output?.content).toEqual([{ type: "text", text: glob.result.value }])
-              expect(grep.output?.content).toEqual([{ type: "text", text: grep.result.value }])
+              expect(glob.output?.content).toEqual([{ type: "text", text: String(glob.result.value) }])
+              expect(grep.output?.content).toEqual([{ type: "text", text: String(grep.result.value) }])
               expect(String(glob.result.value).split("\n")).toHaveLength(FileSystem.DEFAULT_SEARCH_LIMIT)
               expect(grep.result.value).toStartWith(`Found ${FileSystem.DEFAULT_SEARCH_LIMIT} matches\n`)
             }),

packages/docs/models.mdx

@@ -94,9 +94,10 @@ You can also map a friendly catalog ID to a different API model ID with `modelID
 }
 ```
 
-Here `openai/coding-default` is the selectable catalog reference, while `gpt-5.2` is sent to the provider. When adding a
-model that is not already in the catalog, set accurate `capabilities` and `limit` values so OpenCode can expose tools and
-enforce the correct context limits. Set `disabled: true` on a model entry to hide it from the available catalog.
+Here `openai/coding-default` is the selectable catalog reference, while `gpt-5.2` is sent to the provider. A model that is
+not already in the catalog defaults to tool support, text and image input, and text output. Set accurate `capabilities`
+and `limit` values when those defaults do not match the model or OpenCode needs to enforce its context limits. Set
+`disabled: true` on a model entry to hide it from the available catalog.
 
 OpenAI-compatible models that stream reasoning through a custom assistant-message field can set
 `compatibility.reasoningField`:
@@ -193,8 +194,9 @@ For an OpenAI-compatible server, define a provider package, endpoint, and at lea
 }
 ```
 
-Use the server's real model name, limits, modalities, and tool support. OpenCode cannot infer these for a model you add
-manually. If the endpoint requires a key, add `apiKey` to provider `settings` using an environment substitution such as
+Use the server's real model name, limits, modalities, and tool support. OpenCode applies the custom-model capability
+defaults described above but cannot infer the server's actual limits or whether those defaults are accurate. If the
+endpoint requires a key, add `apiKey` to provider `settings` using an environment substitution such as
 `"apiKey": "{env:LOCAL_API_KEY}"`; do not commit secrets.
 
 ### Model references

packages/docs/script/generate-theme-tokens.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 import { Schema, SchemaAST } from "effect"
 import { format } from "prettier"
-import { ThemeDefinition, ThemeFile } from "../../tui/src/theme/v2/schema"
+import { ThemeDefinition, ThemeDocument } from "../../tui/src/theme/v2/schema"
 
 const target = import.meta.dir + "/../snippets/generated/theme-tokens.mdx"
 const root = requireObject(ThemeDefinition.ast)
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ const example = {
       default: "#101014",
     },
   },
-} satisfies ThemeFile
-Schema.decodeUnknownSync(ThemeFile)(example)
+} satisfies ThemeDocument
+Schema.decodeUnknownSync(ThemeDocument)(example)
 const output = await format(
   `{/* Generated by packages/docs/script/generate-theme-tokens.ts. Do not edit. */}
 

packages/schema/src/model.ts

@@ -106,13 +106,13 @@ export const Info = Schema.Struct({
   .annotate({ identifier: "Model.Info" })
   .pipe(
     statics(() => ({
-      empty: (providerID: Provider.ID, id: ID) =>
+      default: (providerID: Provider.ID, id: ID) =>
         ({
           id,
           modelID: id,
           providerID,
           name: id,
-          capabilities: { tools: false, input: [], output: [] },
+          capabilities: { tools: true, input: ["text", "image"], output: ["text"] },
           variants: [],
           time: { released: 0 },
           cost: [],

packages/schema/test/contract-hygiene.test.ts

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ describe("contract hygiene", () => {
 
   test("model defaults and provider overlays preserve public invariants", () => {
     const id = Model.ID.make("model")
-    expect(Model.Info.empty(Provider.ID.make("provider"), id)).toMatchObject({ modelID: id, variants: [] })
+    expect(Model.Info.default(Provider.ID.make("provider"), id)).toMatchObject({ modelID: id, variants: [] })
     expect(() =>
       Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Provider.Info)({
         id: "provider",

packages/session-ui/src/v2/components/comment-card-v2.tsx

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ export function CommentCardV2(props: {
   return (
     <TooltipV2
       placement="top"
+      openDelay={1000}
       value={props.title ?? props.comment}
       disabled={!props.tooltip || !truncated()}
       class={props.wide ? "w-full" : undefined}

packages/session-ui/src/v2/components/prompt-input/index.tsx

@@ -385,7 +385,12 @@ export function PromptInputV2Attachments(props: {
           <For each={props.comments ?? []}>
             {(comment) => (
               <div class="relative group shrink-0">
-                <TooltipV2 value={comment.comment} placement="top" contentClass="max-w-[300px] break-words">
+                <TooltipV2
+                  value={comment.comment}
+                  placement="top"
+                  openDelay={800}
+                  contentClass="max-w-[300px] break-words"
+                >
                   <CommentCardV2
                     comment={comment.comment ?? ""}
                     path={comment.path}

packages/session-ui/src/v2/components/session-review-v2.tsx

@@ -214,6 +214,7 @@ export function SessionReviewV2(props: SessionReviewV2Props) {
       </Show>
       <div class="flex items-center">
         <TooltipV2
+          openDelay={2000}
           inactive={!prev()}
           value={
             <>
@@ -233,6 +234,7 @@ export function SessionReviewV2(props: SessionReviewV2Props) {
           />
         </TooltipV2>
         <TooltipV2
+          openDelay={2000}
           inactive={!next()}
           value={
             <>
@@ -266,12 +268,12 @@ export function SessionReviewV2(props: SessionReviewV2Props) {
         class="session-review-v2-segmented-control session-review-v2-segmented-control--icon"
         aria-label={i18n.t("ui.sessionReviewV2.expandMode")}
       >
-        <TooltipV2 value={i18n.t("ui.sessionReviewV2.showAllLines")}>
+        <TooltipV2 openDelay={2000} value={i18n.t("ui.sessionReviewV2.showAllLines")}>
           <SegmentedControlItemV2 value="expand" aria-label={i18n.t("ui.sessionReviewV2.showAllLines")}>
             <Icon name="expand" />
           </SegmentedControlItemV2>
         </TooltipV2>
-        <TooltipV2 value={i18n.t("ui.sessionReviewV2.hideNonDiffLines")}>
+        <TooltipV2 openDelay={2000} value={i18n.t("ui.sessionReviewV2.hideNonDiffLines")}>
           <SegmentedControlItemV2 value="collapse" aria-label={i18n.t("ui.sessionReviewV2.hideNonDiffLines")}>
             <Icon name="collapse" />
           </SegmentedControlItemV2>
@@ -287,12 +289,12 @@ export function SessionReviewV2(props: SessionReviewV2Props) {
           class="session-review-v2-segmented-control session-review-v2-segmented-control--icon"
           aria-label={i18n.t("ui.sessionReviewV2.diffView")}
         >
-          <TooltipV2 value={i18n.t("ui.sessionReviewV2.unifiedDiff")}>
+          <TooltipV2 openDelay={2000} value={i18n.t("ui.sessionReviewV2.unifiedDiff")}>
             <SegmentedControlItemV2 value="unified" aria-label={i18n.t("ui.sessionReviewV2.unifiedDiff")}>
               <Icon name="unified" />
             </SegmentedControlItemV2>
           </TooltipV2>
-          <TooltipV2 value={i18n.t("ui.sessionReviewV2.splitDiff")}>
+          <TooltipV2 openDelay={2000} value={i18n.t("ui.sessionReviewV2.splitDiff")}>
             <SegmentedControlItemV2 value="split" aria-label={i18n.t("ui.sessionReviewV2.splitDiff")}>
               <Icon name="split" />
             </SegmentedControlItemV2>

packages/tui/src/app.tsx

@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ import { DialogThemeList } from "./component/dialog-theme-list"
 import { DialogHelp } from "./ui/dialog-help"
 import { DialogAgent } from "./component/dialog-agent"
 import { DialogSessionList } from "./component/dialog-session-list"
+import { ThemeErrorToast } from "./component/theme-error-toast"
 import { ThemeProvider, useTheme } from "./context/theme"
 import { Home } from "./routes/home"
 import { Session } from "./routes/session"
@@ -337,6 +338,7 @@ export const run = Effect.fn("Tui.run")(function* (input: TuiInput) {
                                               <DataProvider>
                                                 <LocationProvider>
                                                   <ThemeProvider mode={mode}>
+                                                    <ThemeErrorToast />
                                                     <LocalProvider>
                                                       <PromptStashProvider>
                                                         <DialogProvider>

packages/tui/src/component/devtools-bar.tsx

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ export function DevToolsBar() {
   const canSwitchMode = () => supports(nextMode())
   const runtime = createMemo(() => runtimeStatus(frontendSamples()))
   const timing = () => config.data.debug?.timing ?? false
+  const turnTokens = () => config.data.debug?.turn_tokens ?? false
 
   const offEscape = keymap.intercept(
     "key",
@@ -352,6 +353,16 @@ export function DevToolsBar() {
               >
                 {timing() ? "[x]" : "[ ]"} Time to first draw
               </Action>
+              <Action
+                onClick={() =>
+                  void config.update((draft) => {
+                    draft.debug = { ...draft.debug, turn_tokens: !turnTokens() }
+                  })
+                }
+                hoverBackground
+              >
+                {turnTokens() ? "[x]" : "[ ]"} Turn token usage
+              </Action>
             </box>
             <For each={groups()}>
               {(group) => (
@@ -403,7 +414,7 @@ function PanelBox(props: ParentProps) {
       position="absolute"
       zIndex={2600}
       bottom={1}
-      left={0}
+      left={-1}
       width={42}
       paddingLeft={2}
       paddingRight={2}

packages/tui/src/component/dialog-config.tsx

@@ -222,14 +222,6 @@ const settings: Setting[] = [
     values: [false, true],
     labels: ["off", "on"],
   },
-  {
-    title: "DevTools: Timing",
-    category: "Debug",
-    path: ["debug", "timing"],
-    default: true,
-    values: [false, true],
-    labels: ["off", "on"],
-  },
 ]
 
 export function DialogConfig() {

packages/tui/src/component/theme-error-toast.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { onCleanup } from "solid-js"
+import { useTheme } from "../context/theme"
+import { useToast } from "../ui/toast"
+
+export function ThemeErrorToast() {
+  const theme = useTheme()
+  const toast = useToast()
+
+  onCleanup(
+    theme.onError(({ name, error }) =>
+      toast.show({
+        variant: "error",
+        title: `Failed to load theme: ${name}`,
+        message: error.message,
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+
+  return null
+}

packages/tui/src/config/index.tsx

@@ -142,6 +142,12 @@ export const Info = Schema.Struct({
       mono: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean).annotate({
         description: "Use monochrome ASCII output",
       }),
+      replay: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean).annotate({
+        description: "Restore session history on resume and terminal resize",
+      }),
+      replay_limit: Schema.optional(Schema.Int.check(Schema.isGreaterThan(0))).annotate({
+        description: "Maximum number of newest messages restored during replay",
+      }),
     }),
   ).annotate({ description: "Mini transcript presentation settings" }),
   hints: Schema.optional(
@@ -153,6 +159,7 @@ export const Info = Schema.Struct({
     Schema.Struct({
       devtools: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean).annotate({ description: "Show the DevTools debug bar" }),
       timing: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean).annotate({ description: "Show time-to-first-draw diagnostics" }),
+      turn_tokens: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean).annotate({ description: "Show per-turn token usage diagnostics" }),
     }),
   ).annotate({ description: "Debugging settings" }),
   animations: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean).annotate({ description: "Enable interface animations" }),

packages/tui/src/context/theme.tsx

@@ -4,23 +4,21 @@ import {
   DEFAULT_THEMES,
   addTheme,
   allThemes,
-  generateSyntax,
   hasTheme,
-  isTheme,
-  resolveTheme,
+  parseTheme,
   selectedForeground,
   setCustomThemes,
   setSystemTheme,
   subscribeThemes,
   upsertTheme,
   type Theme,
-  type ThemeJson,
+  type ThemeDocumentSource,
 } from "../theme"
+import { generateSyntax } from "../theme/v2/syntax"
 import { generateSystem, terminalMode } from "../theme/system"
 import { discoverThemes, themeDirectories } from "../theme/discovery"
 import { createComponentTheme, type ComponentTheme } from "../theme/v2/component"
-import { resolveThemeFile } from "../theme/v2/resolve"
-import { migrateV1 } from "../theme/v2/v1-migrate"
+import { resolveThemeDocument } from "../theme/v2/resolve"
 import { themeModes } from "../theme/v2/select"
 import { createEffect, createMemo, onCleanup, onMount, type Accessor, type ParentProps } from "solid-js"
 import { createStore, produce } from "solid-js/store"
@@ -30,6 +28,36 @@ import { Global } from "@opencode-ai/util/global"
 import { DevTools } from "../devtools"
 
 const themePerformance = DevTools.register({ id: "theme-performance", title: "Theme performance" })
+export type ThemeError = { name: string; error: Error }
+type ThemeErrorHandler = (event: ThemeError) => void
+
+function createThemeErrors() {
+  let handler: ThemeErrorHandler | undefined
+  let pending: ThemeError | undefined
+
+  return {
+    emit(name: string, cause: unknown) {
+      const event = { name, error: cause instanceof Error ? cause : new Error(String(cause)) }
+      if (handler) {
+        handler(event)
+        return
+      }
+      pending = event
+    },
+    onError(next: ThemeErrorHandler) {
+      handler = next
+      if (pending) {
+        next(pending)
+        pending = undefined
+      }
+      return () => {
+        if (handler === next) handler = undefined
+      }
+    },
+  }
+}
+
+const themeErrors = createThemeErrors()
 
 export type ThemeSource = Readonly<{
   discover(): Promise<Record<string, unknown>>
@@ -62,7 +90,7 @@ export {
 const THEME_REFRESH_DELAYS = [250, 1000] as const
 
 type State = {
-  themes: Record<string, ThemeJson>
+  themes: Record<string, ThemeDocumentSource>
   mode: "dark" | "light"
   lock: "dark" | "light" | undefined
   active: string
@@ -85,6 +113,7 @@ type ThemeService = {
   unlock(): void
   setMode(mode?: "dark" | "light", persist?: boolean): boolean
   set(theme: string): boolean
+  onError(handler: ThemeErrorHandler): () => void
   readonly ready: boolean
 }
 
@@ -140,12 +169,7 @@ const themeContext = createSimpleContext({
       return themes
         .discover()
         .then((themes) => {
-          setCustomThemes(
-            Object.entries(themes).reduce<Record<string, ThemeJson>>((result, [name, theme]) => {
-              if (isTheme(theme)) result[name] = theme
-              return result
-            }, {}),
-          )
+          setCustomThemes(themes)
         })
         .catch(() => setStore("active", "opencode"))
     }
@@ -270,36 +294,31 @@ const themeContext = createSimpleContext({
     })
 
     const initStarted = performance.now()
-    const source = createMemo(() => store.themes[store.active] ?? store.themes.opencode)
-    const sourceName = createMemo(() => (store.themes[store.active] ? store.active : "opencode"))
-    const file = createMemo(() => migrateV1(source()))
-    const modes = createMemo(() => themeModes(file()))
-    const mode = () => {
-      const supported = modes()
-      if (supported.includes(store.mode)) return store.mode
-      return supported[0] ?? store.mode
-    }
-    const legacySyntaxTheme = createMemo(() => resolveTheme(source(), mode()))
-    const valuesV2 = createMemo(() => resolveThemeFile(file(), mode(), sourceName()))
+    const selected = createMemo(() => {
+      const name = store.themes[store.active] ? store.active : "opencode"
+      try {
+        return loadTheme(store.themes[name], name, store.mode)
+      } catch (error) {
+        if (name === "opencode") throw error
+        themeErrors.emit(name, error)
+        setStore("active", "opencode")
+        return loadTheme(store.themes.opencode, "opencode", store.mode)
+      }
+    })
+    const modes = () => selected().modes
+    const mode = () => selected().mode
+    const valuesV2 = () => selected().theme
     valuesV2()
     themePerformance.set("Init", `${(performance.now() - initStarted).toFixed(2)} ms`)
     const themeV2 = createComponentTheme(valuesV2, mode)
     const contextsV2 = {
-      elevated: createComponentTheme(() => {
-        const theme = valuesV2().contexts["@context:elevated"]
-        if (!theme) throw new Error("Theme context is not defined: elevated")
-        return theme
-      }, mode),
-      overlay: createComponentTheme(() => {
-        const theme = valuesV2().contexts["@context:overlay"]
-        if (!theme) throw new Error("Theme context is not defined: overlay")
-        return theme
-      }, mode),
+      elevated: createComponentTheme(() => valuesV2().contexts["@context:elevated"] ?? valuesV2(), mode),
+      overlay: createComponentTheme(() => valuesV2().contexts["@context:overlay"] ?? valuesV2(), mode),
     }
 
     createEffect(() => renderer.setBackgroundColor(valuesV2().background.default))
 
-    const syntax = createSyntaxStyleMemo(() => generateSyntax(legacySyntaxTheme()))
+    const syntax = createSyntaxStyleMemo(() => generateSyntax(valuesV2(), mode()))
     function contextual(context: ContextName) {
       return contextualServices[context]
     }
@@ -333,6 +352,7 @@ const themeContext = createSimpleContext({
           .catch(() => {})
         return true
       },
+      onError: themeErrors.onError,
       get ready() {
         return store.ready
       },
@@ -356,6 +376,14 @@ export function ThemeContextProvider(props: ParentProps<{ context: ContextName }
     </themeContext.context.Provider>
   )
 }
+
+function loadTheme(source: ThemeDocumentSource, name: string, requested: "dark" | "light") {
+  const document = parseTheme(source, name)
+  const modes = themeModes(document)
+  const mode = modes.includes(requested) ? requested : (modes[0] ?? requested)
+  return { modes, mode, theme: resolveThemeDocument(document, mode) }
+}
+
 export function createSyntaxStyleMemo(factory: () => SyntaxStyle) {
   const renderer = useRenderer()
   const retained = new Set<SyntaxStyle>()

packages/tui/src/mini/theme.ts

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import type { TuiThemeCurrent } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/tui"
 import { ansiToRgba } from "../theme/color"
 import { resolveThemeColors } from "../theme/resolve"
 import { terminalMode } from "../theme/system"
-import type { ThemeJson } from "../theme/v1"
+import type { ThemeV1Json } from "../theme/v1"
 import type { EntryKind, RunTuiConfig } from "./types"
 
 type Tone = {
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ function splashShadow(indexed: RGBA[], base: RGBA, overlay: RGBA, value: number)
   return nearestIndexed(indexed, mixed)
 }
 
-export function resolveTheme(theme: ThemeJson, pick: "dark" | "light"): TuiThemeCurrent {
+export function resolveTheme(theme: ThemeV1Json, pick: "dark" | "light"): TuiThemeCurrent {
   const resolved = resolveThemeColors(theme, pick, (code) => RGBA.fromIndex(code, ansiToRgba(code)))
   return {
     ...resolved.theme,
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ function generateMutedTextColor(bg: RGBA, isDark: boolean, map: (rgba: RGBA) =>
   return map(RGBA.fromInts(gray, gray, gray))
 }
 
-export function generateSystem(colors: TerminalColors, pick: "dark" | "light"): ThemeJson {
+export function generateSystem(colors: TerminalColors, pick: "dark" | "light"): ThemeV1Json {
   const bg_snapshot = RGBA.fromHex(colors.defaultBackground ?? colors.palette[0]!)
   const fg_snapshot = RGBA.fromHex(colors.defaultForeground ?? colors.palette[7]!)
   const bg = RGBA.defaultBackground(bg_snapshot)

packages/tui/src/routes/session/index.tsx

@@ -1029,11 +1029,13 @@ export function Session() {
   )
 }
 
-function SessionRowView(props: {
+type SessionRowViewProps = {
   row: SessionRow
   message: (messageID: string) => SessionMessageInfo | undefined
   boundaryID?: string
-}) {
+}
+
+function SessionRowView(props: SessionRowViewProps) {
   return (
     <box id={props.boundaryID} marginTop={1} flexShrink={0}>
       <Switch>
@@ -1072,11 +1074,109 @@ function SessionRowView(props: {
             </Show>
           )}
         </Match>
+        <Match when={props.row.type === "turn-usage" ? props.row : undefined}>
+          {(row) => (
+            <TurnTokenUsage
+              messageIDs={row().messageIDs}
+              previousCacheRead={row().previousCacheRead}
+              message={props.message}
+            />
+          )}
+        </Match>
       </Switch>
     </box>
   )
 }
 
+function TurnTokenUsage(props: {
+  messageIDs: string[]
+  previousCacheRead?: number
+  message: (messageID: string) => SessionMessageInfo | undefined
+}) {
+  const config = useConfig()
+  const { themeV2 } = useTheme()
+  const steps = createMemo(() => {
+    let previousCacheRead = props.previousCacheRead
+    return props.messageIDs.flatMap((messageID) => {
+      const message = props.message(messageID)
+      if (message?.type !== "assistant" || !message.tokens) return []
+      const total =
+        message.tokens.input +
+        message.tokens.output +
+        message.tokens.reasoning +
+        message.tokens.cache.read +
+        message.tokens.cache.write
+      if (total === 0) return []
+      const newTokens = total - message.tokens.cache.read
+      const cacheBust =
+        previousCacheRead !== undefined && message.tokens.cache.read < previousCacheRead
+          ? previousCacheRead - message.tokens.cache.read
+          : undefined
+      previousCacheRead = message.tokens.cache.read
+      return [
+        {
+          finish: message.finish === "tool-calls" ? "tool-call" : (message.finish ?? "unknown"),
+          newTokens,
+          cached: message.tokens.cache.read,
+          total,
+          cacheBust,
+        },
+      ]
+    })
+  })
+  const columns = createMemo(() => ({
+    step: Math.max("Step".length, ...steps().map((item) => item.finish.length)),
+    newTokens: Math.max("New".length, ...steps().map((item) => item.newTokens.toLocaleString().length)),
+    cached: Math.max("Cached".length, ...steps().map((item) => item.cached.toLocaleString().length)),
+    total: Math.max("Total".length, ...steps().map((item) => item.total.toLocaleString().length)),
+  }))
+  return (
+    <Show when={config.data.debug?.turn_tokens === true && steps().length > 0}>
+      <box paddingLeft={3} flexDirection="column">
+        <box flexDirection="row">
+          <text width={INLINE_TOOL_ICON_WIDTH} fg={themeV2.text.subdued}>
+            ◈
+          </text>
+          <text fg={themeV2.text.subdued} attributes={TextAttributes.BOLD}>
+            Tokens
+          </text>
+        </box>
+        <box paddingLeft={INLINE_TOOL_ICON_WIDTH}>
+          <text fg={themeV2.text.subdued} attributes={TextAttributes.ITALIC}>
+            {"Step".padEnd(columns().step + 2)}
+            {"New".padStart(columns().newTokens)}
+            {"  "}
+            {"Cached".padStart(columns().cached)}
+            {"  "}
+            {"Total".padStart(columns().total)}
+          </text>
+        </box>
+        <For each={steps()}>
+          {(item) => (
+            <box paddingLeft={INLINE_TOOL_ICON_WIDTH} flexDirection="column">
+              <text fg={themeV2.text.subdued}>
+                {item.finish.padEnd(columns().step + 2)}
+                <span style={{ attributes: TextAttributes.BOLD }}>
+                  {item.newTokens.toLocaleString().padStart(columns().newTokens)}
+                </span>
+                {"  "}
+                {item.cached.toLocaleString().padStart(columns().cached)}
+                {"  "}
+                {item.total.toLocaleString().padStart(columns().total)}
+              </text>
+              <Show when={item.cacheBust !== undefined}>
+                <text fg={themeV2.text.feedback.error.default}>
+                  ! Cache bust: {item.cacheBust?.toLocaleString()} fewer cached tokens than the previous step
+                </text>
+              </Show>
+            </box>
+          )}
+        </For>
+      </box>
+    </Show>
+  )
+}
+
 function BackgroundToolHint(props: { messages: SessionMessageInfo[] }) {
   const { themeV2 } = useTheme()
   const shortcut = Keymap.useShortcut("session.background")

packages/tui/src/routes/session/rows.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import type { SessionMessageAssistant, SessionMessageInfo } from "@opencode-ai/client"
 import { createEffect, on, onCleanup, type Accessor } from "solid-js"
 import { createStore, produce, reconcile } from "solid-js/store"
+import { useConfig } from "../../config"
 import { useData } from "../../context/data"
 import { useClient } from "../../context/client"
 
@@ -27,18 +28,25 @@ export type SessionRow =
       completed: boolean
     }
   | { type: "assistant-footer"; messageID: string }
+  | { type: "turn-usage"; messageIDs: string[]; previousCacheRead?: number }
 
 export function createSessionRows(sessionID: Accessor<string>) {
   const data = useData()
   const client = useClient()
+  const config = useConfig()
   const [rows, setRows] = createStore<SessionRow[]>([])
   const revertBoundary = () => data.session.get(sessionID())?.revert?.messageID
+  const turnTokens = () => config.data.debug?.turn_tokens === true
 
   function reduce() {
     const messages = data.session.message.list(sessionID())
     const inputs = new Set(data.session.input.list(sessionID()))
     const boundary = revertBoundary()
-    const rows = reduceSessionRows(boundary ? messages.filter((message) => message.id < boundary) : messages, inputs)
+    const rows = reduceSessionRows(
+      boundary ? messages.filter((message) => message.id < boundary) : messages,
+      inputs,
+      turnTokens(),
+    )
     partitionPending(rows, pendingPermissions())
     const position = rows.findIndex((row) => row.type === "message" && inputs.has(row.messageID))
     rows.splice(
@@ -127,6 +135,10 @@ export function createSessionRows(sessionID: Accessor<string>) {
     ),
   )
 
+  createEffect(
+    on(turnTokens, () => setRows(reconcile(reduce()))),
+  )
+
   const appendMessage = (messageID: string) =>
     setRows(
       produce((draft) => {
@@ -246,9 +258,12 @@ export function createSessionRows(sessionID: Accessor<string>) {
     data.on("session.step.ended", (event) => {
       if (event.data.sessionID !== sessionID() || ["tool-calls", "unknown"].includes(event.data.finish)) return
       appendFooter(event.data.assistantMessageID)
+      if (turnTokens()) setRows(reconcile(reduce()))
     }),
     data.on("session.step.failed", (event) => {
-      if (event.data.sessionID === sessionID()) appendFooter(event.data.assistantMessageID)
+      if (event.data.sessionID !== sessionID()) return
+      appendFooter(event.data.assistantMessageID)
+      if (turnTokens()) setRows(reconcile(reduce()))
     }),
   ]
   onCleanup(() => subscriptions.forEach((unsubscribe) => unsubscribe()))
@@ -256,10 +271,17 @@ export function createSessionRows(sessionID: Accessor<string>) {
   return rows
 }
 
-export function reduceSessionRows(messages: SessionMessageInfo[], inputs = new Set<string>()) {
+export function reduceSessionRows(
+  messages: SessionMessageInfo[],
+  inputs = new Set<string>(),
+  turnTokens = false,
+) {
   const isInput = (message: SessionMessageInfo) => inputs.has(message.id)
   const pendingCompactions = messages.filter((message) => message.type === "compaction" && message.status === "running")
   const pending = new Set([...pendingCompactions.map((message) => message.id), ...inputs])
+  const usage = turnTokens
+    ? { steps: [] as SessionMessageAssistant[], previousTurnCacheRead: undefined as number | undefined }
+    : undefined
   return [
     ...messages.filter((message) => !pending.has(message.id)),
     ...pendingCompactions,
@@ -271,20 +293,47 @@ export function reduceSessionRows(messages: SessionMessageInfo[], inputs = new S
       rows.push({ type: "message", messageID: message.id })
       return rows
     }
+    usage?.steps.push(message)
     const ordinals = { text: 0, reasoning: 0 }
     message.content.forEach((part) => {
       const partID = part.type === "tool" ? part.id : `${part.type}:${ordinals[part.type]++}`
       if ((part.type === "text" || part.type === "reasoning") && !part.text.trim()) return
       append(rows, { messageID: message.id, partID }, part)
     })
-    if ((message.finish && !["tool-calls", "unknown"].includes(message.finish)) || message.error || message.retry) {
+    const terminal = (message.finish && !["tool-calls", "unknown"].includes(message.finish)) || message.error
+    if (terminal || message.retry) {
       completePrevious(rows)
       rows.push({ type: "assistant-footer", messageID: message.id })
     }
+    if (terminal && usage) {
+      const stepsWithUsage = usage.steps.filter(hasTokenUsage)
+      const last = stepsWithUsage.at(-1)
+      if (last) {
+        rows.push({
+          type: "turn-usage",
+          messageIDs: stepsWithUsage.map((step) => step.id),
+          ...(usage.previousTurnCacheRead === undefined
+            ? {}
+            : { previousCacheRead: usage.previousTurnCacheRead }),
+        })
+        usage.previousTurnCacheRead = last.tokens.cache.read
+      }
+      usage.steps.length = 0
+    }
     return rows
   }, [])
 }
 
+function hasTokenUsage(
+  message: SessionMessageAssistant,
+): message is SessionMessageAssistant & { tokens: NonNullable<SessionMessageAssistant["tokens"]> } {
+  return message.tokens !== undefined && tokenTotal(message.tokens) > 0
+}
+
+function tokenTotal(tokens: NonNullable<SessionMessageAssistant["tokens"]>) {
+  return tokens.input + tokens.output + tokens.reasoning + tokens.cache.read + tokens.cache.write
+}
+
 export function messageBoundaryIDs(rows: SessionRow[], messages: SessionMessageInfo[]) {
   const byID = new Map(messages.map((message) => [message.id, message]))
   const seen = new Set<string>()
@@ -309,6 +358,8 @@ function rowBoundaryMessageID(row: SessionRow, messages: Map<string, SessionMess
         ? row.refs[0]?.messageID
         : row.type === "assistant-footer"
           ? row.messageID
+          : row.type === "turn-usage"
+            ? row.messageIDs[0]
           : undefined
   if (!messageID) return undefined
   const message = messages.get(messageID)

packages/tui/src/theme/index.ts

@@ -1,17 +1,29 @@
+import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { resolveThemeColors } from "./resolve"
-import { DEFAULT_THEMES, type Theme, type ThemeJson } from "./v1"
+import { DEFAULT_THEMES_V1, type Theme, type ThemeV1Json } from "./v1"
+import { DEFAULT_THEMES_V2 } from "./v2/defaults"
+import { resolveThemeDocument, themeDecodeError } from "./v2/resolve"
+import { ThemeDocument } from "./v2/schema"
+import { migrateV1 } from "./v2/v1-migrate"
 
-export { DEFAULT_THEMES, generateSyntax, selectedForeground, type Theme, type ThemeJson } from "./v1"
+export { DEFAULT_THEMES, DEFAULT_THEMES_V1, generateSyntax, selectedForeground, type Theme, type ThemeV1Json } from "./v1"
+export { DEFAULT_THEMES_V2 } from "./v2/defaults"
+export { resolveThemeDocument, type ThemeDocument }
 
-const pluginThemes: Record<string, ThemeJson> = {}
-let customThemes: Record<string, ThemeJson> = {}
-let systemTheme: ThemeJson | undefined
-const listeners = new Set<(themes: Record<string, ThemeJson>) => void>()
+export type ThemeDocumentSource = Record<string, unknown>
+
+const pluginThemes: Record<string, ThemeDocumentSource> = {}
+let customThemes: Record<string, ThemeDocumentSource> = {}
+let systemTheme: ThemeDocumentSource | undefined
+const listeners = new Set<(themes: Record<string, ThemeDocumentSource>) => void>()
+const parsed = new WeakMap<object, ThemeDocument>()
+const decodeThemeDocument = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(ThemeDocument)
 
 function listThemes() {
   // Priority: defaults < plugin installs < custom files < generated system.
-  const themes = {
-    ...DEFAULT_THEMES,
+  const themes: Record<string, ThemeDocumentSource> = {
+    ...DEFAULT_THEMES_V1,
+    ...DEFAULT_THEMES_V2,
     ...pluginThemes,
     ...customThemes,
   }
@@ -31,23 +43,40 @@ export function allThemes() {
   return listThemes()
 }
 
-export function isTheme(theme: unknown): theme is ThemeJson {
-  if (typeof theme !== "object" || theme === null || Array.isArray(theme)) return false
-  const value = Reflect.get(theme, "theme")
-  return typeof value === "object" && value !== null && !Array.isArray(value)
+export function isThemeSource(source: unknown): source is ThemeDocumentSource {
+  if (typeof source !== "object" || source === null || Array.isArray(source)) return false
+  return "theme" in source || "version" in source
 }
 
-export function subscribeThemes(listener: (themes: Record<string, ThemeJson>) => void) {
+export function parseTheme(source: ThemeDocumentSource, name = "theme") {
+  const cached = parsed.get(source)
+  if (cached) return cached
+
+  const version = source.version ?? 1
+  const document =
+    version === 1
+      ? migrateV1(source as ThemeV1Json)
+      : version === 2
+        ? decodeV2Theme(source, name)
+        : unsupportedThemeVersion(version)
+
+  parsed.set(source, document)
+  return document
+}
+
+export function subscribeThemes(listener: (themes: Record<string, ThemeDocumentSource>) => void) {
   listeners.add(listener)
   return () => listeners.delete(listener)
 }
 
-export function setCustomThemes(themes: Record<string, ThemeJson>) {
-  customThemes = themes
+export function setCustomThemes(themes: Record<string, unknown>) {
+  customThemes = Object.fromEntries(
+    Object.entries(themes).filter((entry): entry is [string, ThemeDocumentSource] => isThemeSource(entry[1])),
+  )
   syncThemes()
 }
 
-export function setSystemTheme(theme: ThemeJson | undefined) {
+export function setSystemTheme(theme: ThemeDocumentSource | undefined) {
   systemTheme = theme
   syncThemes()
 }
@@ -59,7 +88,7 @@ export function hasTheme(name: string) {
 
 export function addTheme(name: string, theme: unknown) {
   if (!name) return false
-  if (!isTheme(theme)) return false
+  if (!isThemeSource(theme)) return false
   if (hasTheme(name)) return false
   pluginThemes[name] = theme
   syncThemes()
@@ -68,7 +97,7 @@ export function addTheme(name: string, theme: unknown) {
 
 export function upsertTheme(name: string, theme: unknown) {
   if (!name) return false
-  if (!isTheme(theme)) return false
+  if (!isThemeSource(theme)) return false
   if (customThemes[name] !== undefined) {
     customThemes[name] = theme
   } else {
@@ -78,7 +107,7 @@ export function upsertTheme(name: string, theme: unknown) {
   return true
 }
 
-export function resolveTheme(theme: ThemeJson, mode: "dark" | "light"): Theme {
+export function resolveTheme(theme: ThemeV1Json, mode: "dark" | "light"): Theme {
   const resolved = resolveThemeColors(theme, mode)
   return {
     ...resolved.theme,
@@ -86,3 +115,15 @@ export function resolveTheme(theme: ThemeJson, mode: "dark" | "light"): Theme {
     thinkingOpacity: resolved.thinkingOpacity,
   }
 }
+
+function decodeV2Theme(source: ThemeDocumentSource, name: string) {
+  try {
+    return decodeThemeDocument(source)
+  } catch (error) {
+    throw themeDecodeError(error, name)
+  }
+}
+
+function unsupportedThemeVersion(version: unknown): never {
+  throw new Error(`Unsupported theme version: ${String(version)}`)
+}

packages/tui/src/theme/resolve.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { RGBA } from "@opentui/core"
 import { ansiToRgba } from "./color"
-import type { ColorValue, Theme, ThemeColor, ThemeJson } from "./v1"
+import type { ColorValue, Theme, ThemeColor, ThemeV1Json } from "./v1"
 
 export function resolveThemeColors(
-  theme: ThemeJson,
+  theme: ThemeV1Json,
   mode: "dark" | "light",
   resolveAnsi: (code: number) => RGBA = ansiToRgba,
 ) {
@@ -43,7 +43,9 @@ export function resolveThemeColors(
         ? resolveColor(theme.theme.selectedListItemText!)
         : resolved.background!,
       backgroundMenu:
-        theme.theme.backgroundMenu === undefined ? resolved.backgroundElement! : resolveColor(theme.theme.backgroundMenu),
+        theme.theme.backgroundMenu === undefined
+          ? resolved.backgroundElement!
+          : resolveColor(theme.theme.backgroundMenu),
     } satisfies Omit<Theme, "_hasSelectedListItemText" | "thinkingOpacity">,
     hasSelectedListItemText,
     thinkingOpacity: theme.theme.thinkingOpacity ?? 0.6,

packages/tui/src/theme/v1.ts

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ export type Variant = {
   light: HexColor | RefName
 }
 export type ColorValue = HexColor | RefName | Variant | RGBA | number
-export type ThemeJson = {
+export type ThemeV1Json = {
   $schema?: string
   defs?: Record<string, HexColor | RefName>
   theme: Omit<Record<ThemeColor, ColorValue>, "selectedListItemText" | "backgroundMenu"> & {
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ export type ThemeJson = {
   }
 }
 
-export const DEFAULT_THEMES: Record<string, ThemeJson> = {
+export const DEFAULT_THEMES_V1: Record<string, ThemeV1Json> = {
   aura,
   ayu,
   catppuccin,
@@ -144,6 +144,8 @@ export const DEFAULT_THEMES: Record<string, ThemeJson> = {
   carbonfox,
 }
 
+export const DEFAULT_THEMES = DEFAULT_THEMES_V1
+
 export function selectedForeground(theme: Theme, bg?: RGBA): RGBA {
   if (theme._hasSelectedListItemText) return theme.selectedListItemText
 

packages/tui/src/theme/v2/defaults.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { HueName, ThemeFile } from "./schema"
+import type { HueName, ThemeDocument } from "./schema"
 
 export const DEFAULT_CATEGORICAL = [
   "blue",
@@ -437,4 +437,8 @@ export const DEFAULT_THEME = {
       },
     },
   },
-} satisfies ThemeFile
+} satisfies ThemeDocument
+
+export const DEFAULT_THEMES_V2 = {
+  "opencode-v2": DEFAULT_THEME,
+} as const satisfies Record<string, ThemeDocument>

packages/tui/src/theme/v2/index.ts

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export {
   SyntaxDefinition,
   SyntaxToken,
   ThemeDefinition,
-  ThemeFile,
+  ThemeDocument,
   type BackgroundDefinition,
   type DiffDefinition,
   type FileThemeDefinition,
@@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ export type {
   ResolvedThemeView,
   StatefulColor,
 } from "./types"
-export { DEFAULT_CATEGORICAL } from "./defaults"
+export { DEFAULT_CATEGORICAL, DEFAULT_THEME, DEFAULT_THEMES_V2 } from "./defaults"
 export { migrateV1 } from "./v1-migrate"
 export { selectTheme, selectThemeMode, supportsThemeMode, themeModes } from "./select"

packages/tui/src/theme/v2/resolve.ts

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import {
   HueAlias,
   HueStep,
   ThemeDefinition,
-  ThemeFile,
+  ThemeDocument,
 } from "./schema"
 import type {
   ActionStateKey,
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import type {
 import { selectTheme, selectThemeMode } from "./select"
 
 const decodeThemeDefinitionSchema = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(ThemeDefinition)
-const decodeThemeFileSchema = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(ThemeFile)
 
 function decodeThemeDefinition(input: unknown) {
   try {
@@ -36,27 +35,18 @@ function decodeThemeDefinition(input: unknown) {
   }
 }
 
-function decodeThemeFile(input: unknown, name: string) {
-  try {
-    return decodeThemeFileSchema(input)
-  } catch (error) {
-    throw themeDecodeError(error, name)
-  }
-}
-
-function themeDecodeError(error: unknown, name: string) {
+export function themeDecodeError(error: unknown, name: string) {
   const message = Schema.isSchemaError(error) ? error.message : String(error)
   const value = /got ("[^"]*"|\S+)/.exec(message)?.[1] ?? "value"
   return new Error(`Invalid theme: ${name} ${value} is an invalid value`, { cause: error })
 }
 
-export function resolveThemeFile(file: ThemeFile, mode?: "light" | "dark", name = "theme") {
-  const decoded = decodeThemeFile(file, name)
-  const selected = selectThemeMode(decoded, mode)
+export function resolveThemeDocument(document: ThemeDocument, mode?: "light" | "dark") {
+  const selected = selectThemeMode(document, mode)
   const definition = selected.expanded ? selected.theme : expandTheme(selected.theme)
   const defaults = expandTheme(selectTheme(DEFAULT_THEME, selected.mode))
   const core = expandTokens(fallback())
-  const merged = decoded.standalone ? mergeTheme(core, definition) : mergeTheme(core, defaults, definition)
+  const merged = document.standalone ? mergeTheme(core, definition) : mergeTheme(core, defaults, definition)
   if (!merged["hue"]) throw new Error("Standalone themes must provide hues")
   return resolveExpandedTheme({
     ...merged,

packages/tui/src/theme/v2/schema.ts

@@ -251,8 +251,8 @@ const FileMetadata = {
   version: Schema.Literal(2),
   standalone: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
 }
-export const ThemeFile = Schema.Union([
+export const ThemeDocument = Schema.Union([
   Schema.Struct({ ...FileMetadata, light: ModeDefinition, dark: Schema.optional(ModeDefinition) }),
   Schema.Struct({ ...FileMetadata, light: Schema.optional(ModeDefinition), dark: ModeDefinition }),
 ])
-export type ThemeFile = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof ThemeFile>
+export type ThemeDocument = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof ThemeDocument>

packages/tui/src/theme/v2/select.ts

@@ -5,45 +5,45 @@ import type {
   Mode,
   ModeDefinition,
   ThemeDefinition,
-  ThemeFile,
+  ThemeDocument,
 } from "./index"
 
 export function selectTheme(
-  file: ThemeFile & { light: ThemeDefinition; dark: ThemeDefinition },
+  document: ThemeDocument & { light: ThemeDefinition; dark: ThemeDefinition },
   mode?: Mode,
 ): ThemeDefinition
-export function selectTheme(file: ThemeFile, mode?: Mode): FileThemeDefinition
-export function selectTheme(file: ThemeFile, mode?: Mode) {
-  return selectThemeMode(file, mode).theme
+export function selectTheme(document: ThemeDocument, mode?: Mode): FileThemeDefinition
+export function selectTheme(document: ThemeDocument, mode?: Mode) {
+  return selectThemeMode(document, mode).theme
 }
 
 export function selectThemeMode(
-  file: ThemeFile,
+  document: ThemeDocument,
   mode: Mode = "light",
 ): { theme: FileThemeDefinition; mode: Mode; expanded: boolean } {
-  const modes = themeModes(file)
+  const modes = themeModes(document)
   const selectedMode = modes.includes(mode) ? mode : modes[0]
-  const selected = file[selectedMode]
+  const selected = document[selectedMode]
   if (!selected) throw new Error("Theme must provide at least one mode")
-  if (merges(file.light) && merges(file.dark)) throw new Error("Light and dark themes cannot both merge modes")
+  if (merges(document.light) && merges(document.dark)) throw new Error("Light and dark themes cannot both merge modes")
   if (!merges(selected)) return { theme: selected, mode: selectedMode, expanded: false }
 
   const otherMode = selectedMode === "light" ? "dark" : "light"
-  const other = file[otherMode]
+  const other = document[otherMode]
   if (!other) throw new Error(`The ${selectedMode} theme cannot merge without a ${otherMode} theme`)
   const merged = mergeTheme(expandTheme(other), expandTheme(selected))
   if (!merged["hue"]) throw new Error(`The ${otherMode} theme must provide hues when ${selectedMode} merges modes`)
   return { theme: merged as FileThemeDefinition, mode: selectedMode, expanded: true }
 }
 
-export function themeModes(file: ThemeFile): readonly Mode[] {
-  if (merges(file.light) && !file.dark) throw new Error("The light theme cannot merge without a dark theme")
-  if (merges(file.dark) && !file.light) throw new Error("The dark theme cannot merge without a light theme")
-  return (["light", "dark"] as const).filter((mode) => file[mode] !== undefined)
+export function themeModes(document: ThemeDocument): readonly Mode[] {
+  if (merges(document.light) && !document.dark) throw new Error("The light theme cannot merge without a dark theme")
+  if (merges(document.dark) && !document.light) throw new Error("The dark theme cannot merge without a light theme")
+  return (["light", "dark"] as const).filter((mode) => document[mode] !== undefined)
 }
 
-export function supportsThemeMode(file: ThemeFile, mode: Mode) {
-  return themeModes(file).includes(mode)
+export function supportsThemeMode(document: ThemeDocument, mode: Mode) {
+  return themeModes(document).includes(mode)
 }
 
 function merges(definition: ModeDefinition | undefined): definition is MergeModeDefinition {

packages/tui/src/theme/v2/syntax.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+import { SyntaxStyle, type RGBA, type ThemeTokenStyle } from "@opentui/core"
+import type { Mode, ResolvedThemeView } from "./index"
+
+export function generateSyntax(theme: ResolvedThemeView, mode: Mode) {
+  const step = mode === "light" ? 800 : 200
+  const syntax = theme.syntax
+  const markdown = theme.markdown
+  const feedback = theme.text.feedback
+
+  return SyntaxStyle.fromTheme([
+    rule(["default"], theme.text.default),
+    rule(["prompt"], theme.hue.accent[step]),
+    rule(["extmark.file"], feedback.warning.default, { bold: true }),
+    rule(["extmark.agent"], theme.categorical[0][step], { bold: true }),
+    // V1 migration preserves its selected/inverse foreground in this action state.
+    rule(["extmark.paste"], theme.text.action.primary.focused, {
+      background: feedback.warning.default,
+      bold: true,
+    }),
+    rule(["comment", "comment.documentation"], syntax.comment, { italic: true }),
+    rule(["string", "symbol", "character.special", "character"], syntax.string),
+    rule(["number", "boolean", "constant", "float"], syntax.number),
+    rule(["keyword.return", "keyword.conditional", "keyword.repeat", "keyword.coroutine"], syntax.keyword, {
+      italic: true,
+    }),
+    rule(["keyword.type"], syntax.type, { bold: true, italic: true }),
+    rule(["keyword.function", "function.method"], syntax.function),
+    rule(["keyword"], syntax.keyword, { italic: true }),
+    rule(["keyword.import", "string.escape", "string.regexp", "tag.attribute", "keyword.export"], syntax.keyword),
+    rule(["operator", "keyword.operator", "punctuation.delimiter", "keyword.conditional.ternary"], syntax.operator),
+    rule(
+      ["variable", "variable.parameter", "function.method.call", "function.call", "property", "parameter", "field"],
+      syntax.variable,
+    ),
+    rule(["variable.member", "function", "constructor"], syntax.function),
+    rule(["type", "module", "class", "namespace"], syntax.type),
+    rule(["type.definition"], syntax.type, { bold: true }),
+    rule(["punctuation", "punctuation.bracket"], syntax.punctuation),
+    rule(
+      ["variable.builtin", "type.builtin", "function.builtin", "module.builtin", "constant.builtin", "variable.super"],
+      feedback.error.default,
+    ),
+    rule(["keyword.directive", "keyword.modifier", "keyword.exception"], syntax.keyword, { italic: true }),
+    rule(["punctuation.special", "tag.delimiter"], syntax.operator),
+    rule(
+      [
+        "markup.heading",
+        "markup.heading.2",
+        "markup.heading.3",
+        "markup.heading.4",
+        "markup.heading.5",
+        "markup.heading.6",
+      ],
+      markdown.heading,
+      { bold: true },
+    ),
+    rule(["markup.heading.1"], markdown.heading, { bold: true, underline: true }),
+    rule(["markup.bold", "markup.strong"], markdown.strong, { bold: true }),
+    rule(["markup.italic"], markdown.emphasis, { italic: true }),
+    rule(["markup.list"], markdown.listItem),
+    rule(["markup.quote"], markdown.blockQuote, { italic: true }),
+    rule(["markup.raw", "markup.raw.block"], markdown.code),
+    rule(["markup.raw.inline"], markdown.code, { background: theme.background.default }),
+    rule(["markup.link", "markup.link.url", "string.special", "string.special.url"], markdown.link, {
+      underline: true,
+    }),
+    rule(["markup.link.label"], markdown.linkText, { underline: true }),
+    rule(["label"], markdown.linkText),
+    rule(["spell", "nospell"], theme.text.default),
+    rule(["markup.underline"], theme.text.default, { underline: true }),
+    rule(["comment.error"], feedback.error.default, { italic: true, bold: true }),
+    rule(["comment.warning"], feedback.warning.default, { italic: true, bold: true }),
+    rule(["comment.todo", "comment.note"], feedback.info.default, { italic: true, bold: true }),
+    rule(["attribute", "annotation"], feedback.warning.default),
+    rule(["tag"], feedback.error.default),
+    rule(["markup.strikethrough", "markup.list.unchecked", "debug"], theme.text.subdued),
+    rule(["markup.list.checked"], feedback.success.default),
+    rule(["diff.plus"], theme.diff.text.added, { background: theme.diff.background.added }),
+    rule(["diff.minus"], theme.diff.text.removed, { background: theme.diff.background.removed }),
+    rule(["diff.delta"], theme.diff.text.context, { background: theme.diff.background.context }),
+    rule(["error"], feedback.error.default, { bold: true }),
+    rule(["warning"], feedback.warning.default, { bold: true }),
+    rule(["info"], feedback.info.default),
+  ])
+}
+
+function rule(
+  scope: string[],
+  foreground: RGBA,
+  style: Omit<ThemeTokenStyle["style"], "foreground"> = {},
+): ThemeTokenStyle {
+  return { scope, style: { foreground, ...style } }
+}

packages/tui/src/theme/v2/v1-migrate.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import { RGBA } from "@opentui/core"
 import { oklchToHex, rgbToOklch } from "@opencode-ai/ui/theme/color"
-import type { Theme, ThemeJson } from "../index"
+import type { Theme, ThemeV1Json } from "../v1"
 import { DEFAULT_CATEGORICAL, DEFAULT_THEME } from "./defaults"
-import type { FileThemeDefinition, Mode, ThemeFile } from "./index"
+import type { FileThemeDefinition, Mode, ThemeDocument } from "./index"
 import { HueStep } from "./schema"
 
 type ThemeColor = Exclude<keyof Theme, "thinkingOpacity" | "_hasSelectedListItemText">
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ const categoricalTokens: readonly V1HueToken[] = ["secondary", "accent", "succes
 const minimumChroma = 0.03
 const lightThreshold = 0.6
 
-export function migrateV1(theme: ThemeJson): ThemeFile {
+export function migrateV1(theme: ThemeV1Json): ThemeDocument {
   const light = resolveV1(theme, "light")
   const dark = resolveV1(theme, "dark")
   if (light.background.a > 0 && dark.background.a > 0 && light.background.equals(dark.background)) {
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ function ambiguous(color: RGBA, chroma = toOklch(color).c) {
   return color.toInts()[3] === 0 || chroma < minimumChroma
 }
 
-function resolveV1(theme: ThemeJson, mode: "dark" | "light"): Theme {
+function resolveV1(theme: ThemeV1Json, mode: "dark" | "light"): Theme {
   const defs = theme.defs ?? {}
 
   function resolveColor(value: unknown, chain: string[] = []): RGBA {

packages/tui/test/cli/tui/data.test.tsx

@@ -5,12 +5,14 @@ import type { OpenCodeEvent } from "@opencode-ai/client"
 import { SessionMessage } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/message"
 import { EventV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/event"
 import { createEffect, onMount, type ParentProps } from "solid-js"
+import { ConfigProvider } from "../../../src/config"
 import { ClientProvider, useClient } from "../../../src/context/client"
 import { DataProvider as DataProviderBase, useData } from "../../../src/context/data"
 import { LocationProvider, useLocation } from "../../../src/context/location"
 import { createSessionRows, type SessionRow } from "../../../src/routes/session/rows"
 import { createApi, createEventStream, createFetch, directory, json } from "../../fixture/tui-client"
 import { TestTuiContexts } from "../../fixture/tui-environment"
+import { createTuiResolvedConfig } from "../../fixture/tui-runtime"
 
 const formFields = [{ key: "authorization", type: "external", url: "https://example.com" }] satisfies [
   {
@@ -32,14 +34,18 @@ function emitEvent(events: ReturnType<typeof createEventStream>, event: OpenCode
   events.emit({ ...event, location: { directory } })
 }
 
+const config = createTuiResolvedConfig()
+
 function DataProvider(props: ParentProps) {
   return (
-    <DataProviderBase>
-      <LocationProvider>
-        <SyncLocation />
-        {props.children}
-      </LocationProvider>
-    </DataProviderBase>
+    <ConfigProvider config={config}>
+      <DataProviderBase>
+        <LocationProvider>
+          <SyncLocation />
+          {props.children}
+        </LocationProvider>
+      </DataProviderBase>
+    </ConfigProvider>
   )
 }
 

packages/tui/test/cli/tui/theme-mode.test.tsx

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 /** @jsxImportSource @opentui/solid */
 import { testRender } from "@opentui/solid"
 import { expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { RGBA } from "@opentui/core"
 import { createTuiResolvedConfig } from "../../fixture/tui-runtime"
 import { DEFAULT_THEMES } from "../../../src/theme"
+import { DEFAULT_THEME } from "../../../src/theme/v2/defaults"
+import { selectTheme } from "../../../src/theme/v2/select"
 import { ConfigProvider } from "../../../src/config"
-import { ThemeProvider, useTheme } from "../../../src/context/theme"
+import { ThemeProvider, useTheme, type ThemeError } from "../../../src/context/theme"
 
 async function wait(fn: () => boolean) {
   const started = Date.now()
@@ -24,6 +27,7 @@ test("uses an available mode while retaining the pinned preference", async () =>
   const darkOnly = structuredClone(DEFAULT_THEMES.opencode)
   darkOnly.theme.background = "#111111"
   darkOnly.theme.text = "#eeeeee"
+  const native = { version: 2, dark: { text: { default: "#abcdef" } } } as const
   let theme: ReturnType<typeof useTheme> | undefined
 
   function Probe() {
@@ -42,7 +46,7 @@ test("uses an available mode while retaining the pinned preference", async () =>
       <ConfigProvider config={createTuiResolvedConfig({ theme: { name: "light-only", mode: "dark" } })}>
         <ThemeProvider
           mode="dark"
-          source={{ discover: () => Promise.resolve({ "light-only": lightOnly, "dark-only": darkOnly, dual }) }}
+          source={{ discover: () => Promise.resolve({ "light-only": lightOnly, "dark-only": darkOnly, dual, native }) }}
         >
           <Probe />
         </ThemeProvider>
@@ -66,6 +70,85 @@ test("uses an available mode while retaining the pinned preference", async () =>
     expect(current().set("dual")).toBeTrue()
     await wait(() => current().mode() === "dark")
     expect(current().modes()).toEqual(["light", "dark"])
+    expect(current().set("native")).toBeTrue()
+    await wait(() => current().selected === "native")
+    expect(current().modes()).toEqual(["dark"])
+    expect(current().themeV2.text.default.equals(RGBA.fromHex("#abcdef"))).toBeTrue()
+  } finally {
+    app.renderer.destroy()
+  }
+})
+
+test.each([
+  ["schema", { version: 2, light: { categorical: [] } }],
+  ["mode merging", { version: 2, light: { mergeMode: true } }],
+  ["token reference", { version: 2, light: { text: { default: "$missing" } } }],
+] as const)("falls back to OpenCode when configured V2 theme %s is invalid", async (_label, source) => {
+  let theme: ReturnType<typeof useTheme> | undefined
+  let failure: ThemeError | undefined
+  let unsubscribe: (() => void) | undefined
+
+  function Probe() {
+    const value = useTheme()
+    theme = value
+    unsubscribe = value.onError((error) => (failure = error))
+    return <text>{value.selected}</text>
+  }
+
+  const app = await testRender(
+    () => (
+      <ConfigProvider config={createTuiResolvedConfig({ theme: { name: "invalid" } })}>
+        <ThemeProvider mode="dark" source={{ discover: () => Promise.resolve({ invalid: source }) }}>
+          <Probe />
+        </ThemeProvider>
+      </ConfigProvider>
+    ),
+    { width: 20, height: 2 },
+  )
+  app.renderer.start()
+
+  try {
+    await wait(() => theme?.ready === true)
+    expect(theme?.selected).toBe("opencode")
+    expect(failure?.name).toBe("invalid")
+    expect(failure?.error).toBeInstanceOf(Error)
+    expect(failure?.error.message.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+  } finally {
+    unsubscribe?.()
+    app.renderer.destroy()
+  }
+})
+
+test("contextual themes fall back to a standalone theme's base view", async () => {
+  const standalone = {
+    version: 2,
+    standalone: true,
+    dark: { hue: selectTheme(DEFAULT_THEME, "dark").hue },
+  } as const
+  let theme: ReturnType<typeof useTheme> | undefined
+
+  function Probe() {
+    theme = useTheme()
+    return <text>{theme.selected}</text>
+  }
+
+  const app = await testRender(
+    () => (
+      <ConfigProvider config={createTuiResolvedConfig({ theme: { name: "standalone", mode: "dark" } })}>
+        <ThemeProvider mode="dark" source={{ discover: () => Promise.resolve({ standalone }) }}>
+          <Probe />
+        </ThemeProvider>
+      </ConfigProvider>
+    ),
+    { width: 20, height: 2 },
+  )
+  app.renderer.start()
+
+  try {
+    await wait(() => theme?.ready === true)
+    if (!theme) throw new Error("Theme provider is not mounted")
+    expect(theme.contextual("elevated").themeV2.text.default).toBe(theme.themeV2.text.default)
+    expect(theme.contextual("overlay").themeV2.background.default).toBe(theme.themeV2.background.default)
   } finally {
     app.renderer.destroy()
   }