feat(plugin): expose permission assertions

Co-authored-by: rekram1-node <rekram1-node@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Andreas Holt <6665487+AndreasHolt@users.noreply.github.com>

package.json

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
   "version": "0.0.0",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
-  "packageManager": "bun@1.3.14",
+  "packageManager": "bun@1.4.0",
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "bun run --cwd packages/cli --conditions=browser src/index.ts",
-    "dev:live": "OPENCODE_TUI_CHANNEL=dev OPENCODE_PASSWORD=\"$(opencode2 service get password)\" bun run dev --server \"$(opencode2 service status)\"",
+    "dev:live": "sh -c 'OPENCODE_TUI_CHANNEL=dev OPENCODE_PASSWORD=\"$(opencode2 service get password)\" exec bun run dev \"$@\" --server \"$(opencode2 service status)\"' --",
     "dev:desktop": "bun --cwd packages/desktop dev",
     "dev:web": "bun --cwd packages/app dev",
     "dev:console": "ulimit -n 10240 2>/dev/null; bun run --cwd packages/console/app dev",

packages/ai/src/protocols/bedrock-converse.ts

@@ -510,9 +510,10 @@ interface ParserState {
   readonly tools: ToolStream.State<number>
   readonly finishedTools: ReadonlySet<number>
   // Bedrock splits the finish into `messageStop` (carries `stopReason`) and
-  // `metadata` (carries usage). Hold the terminal event in state so `onHalt`
-  // can emit exactly one finish after both chunks have had a chance to arrive.
-  readonly pendingFinish: { readonly reason: FinishReasonDetails; readonly usage?: Usage } | undefined
+  // `metadata` (carries usage). Hold both in state so `onHalt` can emit exactly
+  // one finish after both chunks have had a chance to arrive.
+  readonly finishReason: FinishReasonDetails | undefined
+  readonly usage: Usage | undefined
   readonly hasToolCalls: boolean
   readonly lifecycle: Lifecycle.State
   readonly reasoningSignatures: Readonly<Record<number, string>>
@@ -692,12 +693,9 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: BedrockEvent) =>
       return [
         {
           ...state,
-          pendingFinish: {
-            reason: {
-              normalized: mapFinishReason(event.messageStop.stopReason),
-              raw: event.messageStop.stopReason,
-            },
-            usage: state.pendingFinish?.usage,
+          finishReason: {
+            normalized: mapFinishReason(event.messageStop.stopReason),
+            raw: event.messageStop.stopReason,
           },
         },
         [],
@@ -705,14 +703,11 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: BedrockEvent) =>
     }
 
     if (event.metadata) {
-      const usage = mapUsage(event.metadata.usage, state.providerMetadataKey) ?? state.pendingFinish?.usage
+      const usage = mapUsage(event.metadata.usage, state.providerMetadataKey) ?? state.usage
       return [
         {
           ...state,
-          pendingFinish: {
-            reason: state.pendingFinish?.reason ?? { normalized: "stop" },
-            usage,
-          },
+          usage,
         },
         [],
       ] as const
@@ -736,18 +731,18 @@ const step = (state: ParserState, event: BedrockEvent) =>
 const framing = BedrockEventStream.framing(ADAPTER)
 
 const onHalt = (state: ParserState): ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent> => {
-  if (!state.pendingFinish) return []
+  if (!state.finishReason) return []
   const normalized = (() => {
-    if (state.pendingFinish.reason.normalized === "stop" && state.hasToolCalls) return "tool-calls"
-    return state.pendingFinish.reason.normalized
+    if (state.finishReason.normalized === "stop" && state.hasToolCalls) return "tool-calls"
+    return state.finishReason.normalized
   })()
   const events: LLMEvent[] = []
   Lifecycle.finish(state.lifecycle, events, {
     reason: {
-      ...state.pendingFinish.reason,
+      ...state.finishReason,
       normalized,
     },
-    usage: state.pendingFinish.usage,
+    usage: state.usage,
   })
   return events
 }
@@ -771,7 +766,8 @@ export const protocol = Protocol.make({
       providerMetadataKey: request.model.route.providerMetadataKey ?? String(request.model.provider),
       tools: ToolStream.empty<number>(),
       finishedTools: new Set<number>(),
-      pendingFinish: undefined,
+      finishReason: undefined,
+      usage: undefined,
       hasToolCalls: false,
       lifecycle: Lifecycle.initial(),
       reasoningSignatures: {},

packages/ai/src/protocols/gemini.ts

@@ -609,18 +609,27 @@ const finish = (state: ParserState): ReadonlyArray<LLMEvent> => {
 }
 
 const step = (state: ParserState, event: GeminiEvent) => {
-  if (ProviderShared.isRecord(event.error) && typeof event.error.message === "string") {
+  if (ProviderShared.isRecord(event.error)) {
     const body = ProviderShared.encodeJson(event)
     return Effect.fail(
       new AIError({
         reason: classifyProviderFailure({
-          message: event.error.message,
+          message:
+            typeof event.error.message === "string" && event.error.message.length > 0
+              ? event.error.message
+              : typeof event.error.status === "string" && event.error.status.length > 0
+                ? event.error.status
+                : "Gemini provider error",
           status: typeof event.error.code === "number" ? event.error.code : undefined,
           rawBody: body,
         }),
       }),
     )
   }
+  if ("error" in event)
+    return Effect.fail(
+      ProviderShared.eventError(state.route, `Invalid ${state.route} stream event`, ProviderShared.encodeJson(event)),
+    )
   const nextState = {
     ...state,
     promptFeedback: event.promptFeedback ?? state.promptFeedback,

packages/ai/src/protocols/open-responses.ts

@@ -176,14 +176,14 @@ export const InputItem = Schema.Union([
   HostedToolItem,
 ])
 type OpenResponsesInputItem = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof InputItem>
-export type ExtendedHostedToolItem = {
+export type HostedToolReplayItem = {
   readonly type: string
   readonly id: string
   readonly [key: string]: unknown
 }
 type LoweredInputItem =
   | OpenResponsesInputItem
-  | ExtendedHostedToolItem
+  | HostedToolReplayItem
   | {
       readonly type: "message"
       readonly id?: string
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ export const Event = Schema.StructWithRest(
 )
 export type Event = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof Event>
 
-export interface Extension {
+export interface ProviderAdapter {
   readonly id: string
   readonly name: string
   readonly lowerMedia?: (input: {
@@ -381,10 +381,10 @@ export interface Extension {
     readonly media: ProviderShared.NormalizedMedia
     readonly request: LLMRequest
   }) => MediaInput | undefined
-  readonly lowerHostedToolItem?: (item: unknown) => ExtendedHostedToolItem | undefined
+  readonly restoreHostedToolItem?: (item: unknown) => HostedToolReplayItem | undefined
 }
 
-const BASE: Extension = { id: ADAPTER, name: NAME }
+const BASE_ADAPTER: ProviderAdapter = { id: ADAPTER, name: NAME }
 
 export interface ParserState {
   readonly id: string
@@ -397,6 +397,9 @@ export interface ParserState {
   readonly lifecycle: Lifecycle.State
   readonly outputItems: Readonly<Record<number, string>>
   readonly message: { readonly id: string; readonly phase: MessagePhase | null | undefined } | undefined
+  // Item ids are response-scoped identities. Keep completed ids tombstoned so
+  // reconnect replay cannot reopen fragments already emitted downstream.
+  readonly completedMessages: ReadonlySet<string>
   readonly reasoningItems: Readonly<Record<string, ReasoningStreamItem>>
 }
 
@@ -482,12 +485,12 @@ const lowerReasoning = (part: ReasoningPart, providerMetadataKey: string): OpenR
 const lowerMedia = Effect.fn("OpenResponses.lowerMedia")(function* (
   part: MediaPart,
   request: LLMRequest,
-  extension: Extension,
+  adapter: ProviderAdapter,
   target: "message" | "tool-result",
 ) {
   const media = ProviderShared.normalizeMedia(part)
-  const extended = extension.lowerMedia?.({ part, media, request })
-  if (extended) return extended
+  const providerMedia = adapter.lowerMedia?.({ part, media, request })
+  if (providerMedia) return providerMedia
   const url =
     typeof part.data === "string" && (part.data.startsWith("https://") || part.data.startsWith("http://"))
       ? part.data
@@ -507,17 +510,17 @@ const lowerMedia = Effect.fn("OpenResponses.lowerMedia")(function* (
 const lowerUserContent = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
   part: LLMRequest["messages"][number]["content"][number],
   request: LLMRequest,
-  extension: Extension,
+  adapter: ProviderAdapter,
 ) {
   if (part.type === "text") return { type: "input_text" as const, text: part.text }
-  if (part.type === "media") return yield* lowerMessageMedia(part, request, extension)
-  return yield* ProviderShared.unsupportedContent(extension.name, "user", ["text", "media"])
+  if (part.type === "media") return yield* lowerMessageMedia(part, request, adapter)
+  return yield* ProviderShared.unsupportedContent(adapter.name, "user", ["text", "media"])
 })
 
-const lowerMessageMedia = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (part: MediaPart, request: LLMRequest, extension: Extension) {
-  const lowered = yield* lowerMedia(part, request, extension, "message")
+const lowerMessageMedia = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (part: MediaPart, request: LLMRequest, adapter: ProviderAdapter) {
+  const lowered = yield* lowerMedia(part, request, adapter, "message")
   if (lowered.type === "input_video")
-    return yield* ProviderShared.invalidRequest(`${extension.name} user messages do not support input_video`)
+    return yield* ProviderShared.invalidRequest(`${adapter.name} user messages do not support input_video`)
   return lowered
 })
 
@@ -526,13 +529,13 @@ const lowerMessageMedia = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (part: MediaPart, request:
 const lowerToolResultContentItem = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
   item: Content,
   request: LLMRequest,
-  extension: Extension,
+  adapter: ProviderAdapter,
 ) {
   if (item.type === "text") return { type: "input_text" as const, text: item.text }
   return yield* lowerMedia(
     { type: "media", mediaType: item.mime, data: item.uri, filename: item.name },
     request,
-    extension,
+    adapter,
     "tool-result",
   )
 })
@@ -540,30 +543,33 @@ const lowerToolResultContentItem = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
 const lowerHostedToolResultContentItem = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
   item: Content,
   request: LLMRequest,
-  extension: Extension,
+  adapter: ProviderAdapter,
 ) {
   if (item.type === "text") return { type: "input_text" as const, text: item.text }
   return yield* lowerMessageMedia(
     { type: "media", mediaType: item.mime, data: item.uri, filename: item.name },
     request,
-    extension,
+    adapter,
   )
 })
 
 const lowerToolResultOutput = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
   part: ToolResultPart,
   request: LLMRequest,
-  extension: Extension,
+  adapter: ProviderAdapter,
 ) {
   // Text/json/error results are encoded as a plain string for backward
   // compatibility with existing cassettes and provider expectations.
   if (part.result.type !== "content") return ProviderShared.toolResultText(part)
   // Preserve the narrowed array element type when compiled through a consumer package.
   const content: ReadonlyArray<Content> = part.result.value
-  return yield* Effect.forEach(content, (item) => lowerToolResultContentItem(item, request, extension))
+  return yield* Effect.forEach(content, (item) => lowerToolResultContentItem(item, request, adapter))
 })
 
-const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("OpenResponses.lowerMessages")(function* (request: LLMRequest, extension: Extension) {
+const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("OpenResponses.lowerMessages")(function* (
+  request: LLMRequest,
+  adapter: ProviderAdapter,
+) {
   const input: LoweredInputItem[] = []
   const providerMetadataKey = request.model.route.providerMetadataKey ?? "openresponses"
 
@@ -571,13 +577,13 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("OpenResponses.lowerMessages")(function* (reques
     if (message.role === "system") {
       input.push({
         role: "developer",
-        content: ProviderShared.joinText(yield* ProviderShared.systemUpdateText(extension.name, message)),
+        content: ProviderShared.joinText(yield* ProviderShared.systemUpdateText(adapter.name, message)),
       })
       continue
     }
 
     if (message.role === "user") {
-      const content = yield* Effect.forEach(message.content, (part) => lowerUserContent(part, request, extension))
+      const content = yield* Effect.forEach(message.content, (part) => lowerUserContent(part, request, adapter))
       if (content.length > 0) input.push({ role: "user", content })
       continue
     }
@@ -644,7 +650,7 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("OpenResponses.lowerMessages")(function* (reques
               ? undefined
               : Schema.is(HostedToolItem)(part.result.value)
                 ? part.result.value
-                : extension.lowerHostedToolItem?.(part.result.value)
+                : adapter.restoreHostedToolItem?.(part.result.value)
           if (id !== undefined && hosted?.id === id) {
             if (!hostedToolItems.has(id)) {
               input.push(hosted)
@@ -658,13 +664,11 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("OpenResponses.lowerMessages")(function* (reques
               : [{ type: "text", text: ProviderShared.toolResultText(part) }]
           input.push({
             role: "user",
-            content: yield* Effect.forEach(content, (item) =>
-              lowerHostedToolResultContentItem(item, request, extension),
-            ),
+            content: yield* Effect.forEach(content, (item) => lowerHostedToolResultContentItem(item, request, adapter)),
           })
           continue
         }
-        return yield* ProviderShared.unsupportedContent(extension.name, "assistant", [
+        return yield* ProviderShared.unsupportedContent(adapter.name, "assistant", [
           "text",
           "reasoning",
           "tool-call",
@@ -677,11 +681,11 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("OpenResponses.lowerMessages")(function* (reques
 
     for (const part of message.content) {
       if (!ProviderShared.supportsContent(part, ["tool-result"]))
-        return yield* ProviderShared.unsupportedContent(extension.name, "tool", ["tool-result"])
+        return yield* ProviderShared.unsupportedContent(adapter.name, "tool", ["tool-result"])
       input.push({
         type: "function_call_output",
         call_id: part.id,
-        output: yield* lowerToolResultOutput(part, request, extension),
+        output: yield* lowerToolResultOutput(part, request, adapter),
       })
     }
   }
@@ -733,28 +737,28 @@ const allowedToolChoice = (request: LLMRequest) => {
   }
 }
 
-export const fromRequestWithExtension = Effect.fn("OpenResponses.fromRequestWithExtension")(function* (
+export const fromRequestWithAdapter = Effect.fn("OpenResponses.fromRequestWithAdapter")(function* (
   request: LLMRequest,
-  extension: Extension,
+  adapter: ProviderAdapter,
 ) {
   const generation = request.generation
   const toolSchemaCompatibility = request.model.compatibility?.toolSchema
   return {
     model: request.model.id,
-    input: yield* lowerMessages(request, extension),
+    input: yield* lowerMessages(request, adapter),
     tools:
       request.tools.length === 0
         ? undefined
         : yield* Effect.forEach(request.tools, (tool) =>
             lowerTool(
-              extension.name,
+              adapter.name,
               tool,
               ToolSchemaProjection.modelCompatibility(tool.inputSchema, toolSchemaCompatibility),
             ),
           ),
     tool_choice:
       allowedToolChoice(request) ??
-      (request.toolChoice ? yield* lowerToolChoice(extension.name, request.toolChoice) : undefined),
+      (request.toolChoice ? yield* lowerToolChoice(adapter.name, request.toolChoice) : undefined),
     stream: true as const,
     max_output_tokens: generation?.maxTokens,
     temperature: generation?.temperature,
@@ -768,7 +772,7 @@ export const fromRequestWithExtension = Effect.fn("OpenResponses.fromRequestWith
 const decodeBody = ProviderShared.validateWith(Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(OpenResponsesBody))
 
 export const fromRequest = Effect.fn("OpenResponses.fromRequest")(function* (request: LLMRequest) {
-  return yield* decodeBody(yield* fromRequestWithExtension(request, BASE))
+  return yield* decodeBody(yield* fromRequestWithAdapter(request, BASE_ADAPTER))
 })
 
 // =============================================================================
@@ -951,12 +955,16 @@ const onOutputItemAdded = (state: ParserState, event: Event): StepResult => {
   const item = event.item
   if (item?.type === "message" && item.id !== undefined) {
     const itemID = item.id
+    if (state.completedMessages.has(itemID)) return [state, NO_EVENTS]
     const phase = messagePhase(item.phase)
+    const completedMessages = new Set(state.completedMessages)
+    if (state.message !== undefined && state.message.id !== itemID) completedMessages.add(state.message.id)
     // A new message closes earlier messages, including ones that never streamed.
     const events: LLMEvent[] = []
     const lifecycle = [...state.lifecycle.text]
       .filter((id) => id !== itemID)
       .reduce((lifecycle, id) => {
+        completedMessages.add(id)
         const openPhase = state.message?.id === id ? state.message.phase : undefined
         return Lifecycle.textEnd(
           lifecycle,
@@ -969,6 +977,7 @@ const onOutputItemAdded = (state: ParserState, event: Event): StepResult => {
       {
         ...state,
         lifecycle,
+        completedMessages,
         message: {
           id: itemID,
           phase: phase === undefined && state.message?.id === itemID ? state.message.phase : phase,
@@ -1085,7 +1094,12 @@ const onOutputItemDone = Effect.fn("OpenResponses.onOutputItemDone")(function* (
   if (!item) return [state, NO_EVENTS] satisfies StepResult
 
   if (item.type === "message" && item.id !== undefined) {
-    const message = state.message?.id === item.id ? state.message : undefined
+    if (state.completedMessages.has(item.id)) return [state, NO_EVENTS] satisfies StepResult
+    const completedMessages = new Set(state.completedMessages)
+    completedMessages.add(item.id)
+    if (state.message !== undefined && state.message.id !== item.id)
+      return [{ ...state, completedMessages }, NO_EVENTS] satisfies StepResult
+    const message = state.message
     const itemPhase = messagePhase(item.phase)
     const phase = itemPhase === undefined ? message?.phase : itemPhase
     const parts: ReadonlyArray<unknown> = Array.isArray(item.content) ? item.content : []
@@ -1098,13 +1112,13 @@ const onOutputItemDone = Effect.fn("OpenResponses.onOutputItemDone")(function* (
     const text = content.length > 0 ? content.join("") : undefined
     const metadata = providerMetadata(state, { itemId: item.id, ...(phase === undefined ? {} : { phase }) })
     const events: LLMEvent[] = []
-    const lifecycle =
-      message && text ? Lifecycle.textStart(state.lifecycle, events, item.id, metadata) : state.lifecycle
+    const lifecycle = text ? Lifecycle.textStart(state.lifecycle, events, item.id, metadata) : state.lifecycle
     return [
       {
         ...state,
         lifecycle: Lifecycle.textEnd(lifecycle, events, item.id, metadata, text),
-        message: message ? undefined : state.message,
+        completedMessages,
+        message: undefined,
       },
       events,
     ] satisfies StepResult
@@ -1408,9 +1422,9 @@ export const step = (state: ParserState, input: Event) => {
  * The provider-neutral Open Responses protocol. Provider-specific Responses
  * implementations compose this baseline with their own tools and event variants.
  */
-export const initial = (request: LLMRequest, extension: Extension = BASE): ParserState => ({
-  id: extension.id,
-  name: extension.name,
+export const initial = (request: LLMRequest, adapter: ProviderAdapter = BASE_ADAPTER): ParserState => ({
+  id: adapter.id,
+  name: adapter.name,
   providerMetadataKey: request.model.route.providerMetadataKey ?? "openresponses",
   hasFunctionCall: false,
   tools: ToolStream.empty<string>(),
@@ -1418,6 +1432,7 @@ export const initial = (request: LLMRequest, extension: Extension = BASE): Parse
   lifecycle: Lifecycle.initial(),
   outputItems: {},
   message: undefined,
+  completedMessages: new Set<string>(),
   reasoningItems: {},
 })
 

packages/ai/src/protocols/openai-responses.ts

@@ -86,11 +86,11 @@ const OpenAIResponsesBody = Schema.Struct({
 })
 export type OpenAIResponsesBody = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof OpenAIResponsesBody>
 
-const extension = {
+const adapter = {
   id: ADAPTER,
   name: NAME,
-  lowerHostedToolItem: (item: unknown) => (Schema.is(OpenAIResponsesHostedToolItem)(item) ? item : undefined),
-} satisfies OpenResponses.Extension
+  restoreHostedToolItem: (item: unknown) => (Schema.is(OpenAIResponsesHostedToolItem)(item) ? item : undefined),
+} satisfies OpenResponses.ProviderAdapter
 
 const nativeImageToolInput = (tool: ToolDefinition) => {
   const native = tool.native?.openai
@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@ const lowerToolChoice = (toolChoice: NonNullable<LLMRequest["toolChoice"]>, tool
 const decodeBody = ProviderShared.validateWith(Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(OpenAIResponsesBody))
 
 const fromRequest = Effect.fn("OpenAIResponses.fromRequest")(function* (request: LLMRequest) {
-  const body = yield* OpenResponses.fromRequestWithExtension(
+  const body = yield* OpenResponses.fromRequestWithAdapter(
     LLMRequest.update(request, { tools: [], toolChoice: undefined }),
-    extension,
+    adapter,
   )
   const toolSchemaCompatibility = request.model.compatibility?.toolSchema
   const parallelToolCalls = OpenResponses.resolveParallelToolCalls(request)
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ export const protocol = Protocol.make({
   },
   stream: {
     event: OpenResponses.protocol.stream.event,
-    initial: (request) => OpenResponses.initial(request, extension),
+    initial: (request) => OpenResponses.initial(request, adapter),
     step,
     terminal: OpenResponses.terminal,
   },

packages/ai/src/protocols/xai-responses.ts

@@ -36,15 +36,15 @@ const XAIResponsesBody = Schema.Struct({
   stream: Schema.Literal(true),
 })
 
-const extension = {
+const adapter = {
   id: ADAPTER,
   name: NAME,
-  lowerHostedToolItem: (item: unknown) => (Schema.is(XAIResponsesHostedToolItem)(item) ? item : undefined),
-} satisfies OpenResponses.Extension
+  restoreHostedToolItem: (item: unknown) => (Schema.is(XAIResponsesHostedToolItem)(item) ? item : undefined),
+} satisfies OpenResponses.ProviderAdapter
 
 const decodeBody = ProviderShared.validateWith(Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(XAIResponsesBody))
 const fromRequest = Effect.fn("XAIResponses.fromRequest")(function* (request: LLMRequest) {
-  return yield* decodeBody(yield* OpenResponses.fromRequestWithExtension(request, extension))
+  return yield* decodeBody(yield* OpenResponses.fromRequestWithAdapter(request, adapter))
 })
 
 const HOSTED_TOOLS = {
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ export const protocol = Protocol.make({
   },
   stream: {
     event: OpenResponses.protocol.stream.event,
-    initial: (request) => OpenResponses.initial(request, extension),
+    initial: (request) => OpenResponses.initial(request, adapter),
     step,
     terminal: OpenResponses.terminal,
   },

packages/ai/test/provider/bedrock-converse.test.ts

@@ -631,10 +631,45 @@ describe("Bedrock Converse route", () => {
       )
       const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(baseRequest).pipe(Effect.provide(fixedBytes(body)))
 
+      expect(response.events.filter((event) => event.type === "finish")).toHaveLength(1)
       expect(response.usage).toMatchObject({ inputTokens: 5, outputTokens: 2, totalTokens: 7 })
     }),
   )
 
+  it.effect("retains metadata usage that arrives before messageStop", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const body = eventStreamBody(
+        ["metadata", { usage: { inputTokens: 5, outputTokens: 2, totalTokens: 7 } }],
+        ["messageStop", { stopReason: "end_turn" }],
+      )
+      const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(baseRequest).pipe(Effect.provide(fixedBytes(body)))
+
+      expect(response.events.filter((event) => event.type === "finish")).toHaveLength(1)
+      expect(response.finishReason).toEqual({ normalized: "stop", raw: "end_turn" })
+      expect(response.usage).toMatchObject({ inputTokens: 5, outputTokens: 2, totalTokens: 7 })
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("rejects metadata-only streams as incomplete with HTTP context", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const error = yield* LLMClient.generate(baseRequest).pipe(
+        Effect.provide(
+          fixedBytes(eventStreamBody(["metadata", { usage: { inputTokens: 5, outputTokens: 2, totalTokens: 7 } }])),
+        ),
+        Effect.flip,
+      )
+
+      expect(error.reason).toMatchObject({
+        _tag: "InvalidProviderOutput",
+        classification: "incomplete-stream",
+        http: {
+          status: 200,
+          headers: { "content-type": "application/vnd.amazon.eventstream" },
+        },
+      })
+    }),
+  )
+
   it.effect("assembles streamed tool call input", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const body = eventStreamBody(

packages/ai/test/provider/error-retention.test.ts

@@ -62,6 +62,62 @@ describe("provider error retention", () => {
     )
   }
 
+  it.effect("classifies a message-less Gemini 429 and retains its event and HTTP context", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const body = JSON.stringify({
+        error: { code: 429, status: "RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED", details: { opaque: [1, 2] } },
+        trace: { opaque: "outer" },
+      })
+      const error = yield* LLMClient.generate(
+        LLM.request({ model: Google.configure(options).model("gemini"), prompt: "hello" }),
+      ).pipe(
+        Effect.provide(
+          fixedResponse(sseEvents(body), {
+            headers: { "content-type": "text/event-stream", "x-provider-trace": "trace-1" },
+          }),
+        ),
+        Effect.flip,
+      )
+
+      expect(error.message).toBe("RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED")
+      expect(error.reason._tag).toBe("RateLimit")
+      expect(error.reason.body).toBe(body)
+      expect(error.reason.http).toMatchObject({ status: 200, headers: { "x-provider-trace": "trace-1" } })
+      expect(error.reason.http?.url).toStartWith("https://provider.test/")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("rejects a malformed non-record Gemini error", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const body = JSON.stringify({ error: "RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED", trace: { opaque: "outer" } })
+      const error = yield* LLMClient.generate(
+        LLM.request({ model: Google.configure(options).model("gemini"), prompt: "hello" }),
+      ).pipe(Effect.provide(fixedResponse(sseEvents(body))), Effect.flip)
+
+      expect(error.reason._tag).toBe("InvalidProviderOutput")
+      expect(error.message).toContain("Invalid google/gemini stream event")
+      expect(error.reason.body).toBe(body)
+      expect(error.reason.http?.status).toBe(200)
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("rejects and retains an explicit null Gemini error", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const body = JSON.stringify({ error: null, trace: { opaque: "outer" } })
+      const error = yield* LLMClient.generate(
+        LLM.request({ model: Google.configure(options).model("gemini"), prompt: "hello" }),
+      ).pipe(
+        Effect.provide(fixedResponse(sseEvents(body), { headers: { "x-provider-trace": "trace-null" } })),
+        Effect.flip,
+      )
+
+      expect(error.reason._tag).toBe("InvalidProviderOutput")
+      expect(error.reason.body).toBe(body)
+      expect(error.reason.http).toMatchObject({ status: 200, headers: { "x-provider-trace": "trace-null" } })
+      expect(error.reason.http?.url).toStartWith("https://provider.test/")
+    }),
+  )
+
   it.effect("retains malformed provider frames and the original decode cause", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const body = '{"type":"error","error":{"message":42,"opaque":{"nested":true}},"trace":"outer"}'

packages/ai/test/provider/open-responses-finals.test.ts

@@ -82,6 +82,32 @@ describe("Open Responses completed item text", () => {
       expect(response.events.filter(LLMEvent.is.textStart)).toEqual([])
     }),
   )
+
+  it.effect("assembles a done-only message once across replayed item events", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const item = {
+        type: "message",
+        id: "msg_1",
+        content: [{ type: "output_text", text: "Recovered" }],
+      }
+      const response = yield* generate(
+        { type: "response.output_text.delta", item_id: "msg_1", delta: "Ignored after resume" },
+        { type: "response.output_item.done", item },
+        { type: "response.output_item.added", item },
+        { type: "response.output_item.done", item },
+        completed,
+      )
+      expect(response.text).toBe("Recovered")
+      expect(response.message.content).toEqual([
+        {
+          type: "text",
+          text: "Recovered",
+          providerMetadata: { "openai-compatible": { itemId: "msg_1" } },
+        },
+      ])
+      expect(response.events.filter(LLMEvent.is.textEnd)).toHaveLength(1)
+    }),
+  )
 })
 
 describe("Open Responses completed item reasoning", () => {

packages/ai/test/provider/open-responses-lifecycle.test.ts

@@ -216,7 +216,63 @@ describe("Open Responses basic-item lifecycles", () => {
       ])
     }),
   )
-  it.effect("allows a message to be registered again without inheriting its previous phase", () =>
+
+  it.effect("preserves non-empty done-only message content without replaying duplicates", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const text = {
+        type: "message",
+        id: "msg_text",
+        content: [{ type: "output_text", text: "Done-only text." }],
+      }
+      const refusal = {
+        type: "message",
+        id: "msg_refusal",
+        content: [{ type: "refusal", refusal: "Done-only refusal." }],
+      }
+      const events = yield* collect(
+        { type: "response.output_item.done", item: text },
+        { type: "response.output_item.done", item: text },
+        {
+          type: "response.output_item.done",
+          item: { type: "message", id: "msg_empty", content: [{ type: "output_text", text: "" }] },
+        },
+        {
+          type: "response.output_item.done",
+          item: { type: "message", id: "msg_empty", content: [{ type: "output_text", text: "Late" }] },
+        },
+        { type: "response.output_item.done", item: refusal },
+        { type: "response.output_item.done", item: refusal },
+        completed,
+      )
+
+      expect(events.filter((event) => event.type.startsWith("text-"))).toEqual([
+        {
+          type: "text-start",
+          id: "msg_text",
+          providerMetadata: { "openai-compatible": { itemId: "msg_text" } },
+        },
+        {
+          type: "text-end",
+          id: "msg_text",
+          text: "Done-only text.",
+          providerMetadata: { "openai-compatible": { itemId: "msg_text" } },
+        },
+        {
+          type: "text-start",
+          id: "msg_refusal",
+          providerMetadata: { "openai-compatible": { itemId: "msg_refusal" } },
+        },
+        {
+          type: "text-end",
+          id: "msg_refusal",
+          text: "Done-only refusal.",
+          providerMetadata: { "openai-compatible": { itemId: "msg_refusal" } },
+        },
+      ])
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("treats a repeated message lifecycle as replay", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const events = yield* collect(
         { type: "response.output_item.added", item: { type: "message", id: "msg_1", phase: "commentary" } },
@@ -233,9 +289,44 @@ describe("Open Responses basic-item lifecycles", () => {
           id: "msg_1",
           providerMetadata: { "openai-compatible": { itemId: "msg_1", phase: "commentary" } },
         },
-        { type: "text-end", id: "msg_1", providerMetadata: { "openai-compatible": { itemId: "msg_1" } } },
       ])
-      expect(events.filter(LLMEvent.is.textDelta).map((event) => event.text)).toEqual(["First", "Second"])
+      expect(events.filter(LLMEvent.is.textDelta).map((event) => event.text)).toEqual(["First"])
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("ignores a stale done-only message while another message is active", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const events = yield* collect(
+        { type: "response.output_item.added", item: { type: "message", id: "msg_1", phase: "commentary" } },
+        { type: "response.output_text.delta", item_id: "msg_1", delta: "Draft" },
+        {
+          type: "response.output_item.done",
+          item: { type: "message", id: "msg_2", content: [{ type: "output_text", text: "Recovered" }] },
+        },
+        {
+          type: "response.output_item.done",
+          item: { type: "message", id: "msg_1", content: [{ type: "output_text", text: "Final" }] },
+        },
+        {
+          type: "response.output_item.done",
+          item: { type: "message", id: "msg_2", content: [{ type: "output_text", text: "Late" }] },
+        },
+        completed,
+      )
+      expect(events.filter((event) => event.type.startsWith("text-"))).toEqual([
+        {
+          type: "text-start",
+          id: "msg_1",
+          providerMetadata: { "openai-compatible": { itemId: "msg_1", phase: "commentary" } },
+        },
+        { type: "text-delta", id: "msg_1", text: "Draft" },
+        {
+          type: "text-end",
+          id: "msg_1",
+          text: "Final",
+          providerMetadata: { "openai-compatible": { itemId: "msg_1", phase: "commentary" } },
+        },
+      ])
     }),
   )
   ;[undefined, "fc_1"].forEach((id) => {

packages/app/component-tests/composer.spec.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,16 @@
 import { expect, story } from "../../storybook/playwright/story"
 
+story("raises the docked composer only in dark mode", async ({ mount, page }) => {
+  const component = await mount("opencode-composer-flow--empty-draft")
+  const composer = component.locator('[data-component="composer"]')
+
+  await page.locator("html").evaluate((root) => root.setAttribute("data-color-scheme", "light"))
+  await expect(composer).toHaveCSS("background-color", "rgb(255, 255, 255)")
+
+  await page.locator("html").evaluate((root) => root.setAttribute("data-color-scheme", "dark"))
+  await expect(composer).toHaveCSS("background-color", "rgb(36, 36, 36)")
+})
+
 for (const draft of ["empty-draft", "multiline-draft", "mixed-attachments"]) {
   story(`select all stays inside the composer with ${draft}`, async ({ mount, page }) => {
     const component = await mount(`opencode-composer-flow--${draft}`)

packages/app/e2e/regression/mobile-status-drawer.spec.ts

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ test("status drawer dismisses and reopens after button, backdrop, Escape, and dr
     .locator('[data-slot="session-mobile-view-navigation"]')
     .getByRole("button", { name: "More options", exact: true })
   const drawer = page.getByRole("dialog", { name: "Status", exact: true })
-  const overlay = page.locator('[data-slot="mobile-status-overlay"]')
+  const overlay = page.locator('[data-slot="mobile-drawer-overlay"]')
 
   for (const dismissal of ["button", "backdrop", "escape", "drag", "button"] as const) {
     await more.click()
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ test("status drawer dismisses and reopens after button, backdrop, Escape, and dr
     if (dismissal === "backdrop") await overlay.click({ position: { x: 10, y: 10 } })
     if (dismissal === "escape") await page.keyboard.press("Escape")
     if (dismissal === "drag") {
-      const handle = drawer.locator('[data-slot="mobile-status-drag-handle"]')
+      const handle = drawer.locator('[data-slot="mobile-drawer-handle"]')
       const bounds = await handle.boundingBox()
       expect(bounds).not.toBeNull()
       await page.mouse.move(bounds!.x + bounds!.width / 2, bounds!.y + bounds!.height / 2)

packages/app/manifest.json

@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@
       "src": "/web-app-manifest-192x192.png",
       "sizes": "192x192",
       "type": "image/png",
-      "purpose": "any"
+      "purpose": "maskable"
     },
     {
       "src": "/web-app-manifest-512x512.png",
       "sizes": "512x512",
       "type": "image/png",
-      "purpose": "any"
+      "purpose": "maskable"
     }
   ],
   "theme_color": "#080808",

packages/app/src/composer/editor/editor.css

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 [data-component="composer-editor"]:empty::before {
   content: "\200B";
 }
+
+[data-color-scheme="dark"] [data-component="composer"][data-dock-border-underlay="true"] {
+  background: var(--v2-background-bg-layer-01);
+}

packages/app/src/composer/editor/editor.tsx

@@ -114,10 +114,8 @@ export function ComposerEditor(props: ComposerEditorProps) {
       <form
         data-component="composer"
         data-dock-border-underlay={props.borderUnderlay ? "true" : undefined}
-        class="group/composer relative min-h-[96px] w-full overflow-clip rounded-xl"
+        class="group/composer relative min-h-[96px] w-full overflow-clip rounded-xl bg-v2-background-bg-base"
         classList={{
-          "bg-v2-background-bg-layer-01": props.borderUnderlay,
-          "bg-v2-background-bg-base": !props.borderUnderlay,
           "shadow-[var(--v2-elevation-raised)]": !props.borderUnderlay,
           "border border-v2-icon-icon-info border-dashed": state.drag === "active",
         }}

packages/app/src/shell/mobile-drawer.css

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+[data-slot="mobile-drawer-overlay"] {
+  position: fixed;
+  inset: 0;
+  z-index: 50;
+  background: var(--v2-overlay-simple-overlay-scrim);
+  animation: mobile-drawer-backdrop-in 240ms ease-out;
+}
+
+[data-slot="mobile-drawer-overlay"]:is([data-closing], [data-closed]) {
+  animation: mobile-drawer-backdrop-out 200ms ease-in forwards;
+}
+
+[data-slot="mobile-drawer-content"] {
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+  position: fixed;
+  inset-inline: 0;
+  bottom: 0;
+  z-index: 51;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  max-height: min(75dvh, calc(100dvh - env(safe-area-inset-top, 0px) - 16px));
+  padding: 0 12px max(12px, env(safe-area-inset-bottom, 0px));
+  padding-left: max(12px, env(safe-area-inset-left, 0px));
+  padding-right: max(12px, env(safe-area-inset-right, 0px));
+  border-radius: 16px 16px 0 0;
+  background: var(--v2-background-bg-deep);
+  color: var(--v2-text-text-base);
+  box-shadow: var(--v2-elevation-overlay);
+  outline: none;
+  app-region: no-drag;
+}
+
+[data-slot="mobile-drawer-content"][data-transitioning] {
+  transition: transform 240ms cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.8, 0.2, 1);
+}
+
+[data-slot="mobile-drawer-content"][data-closing] {
+  transition-duration: 200ms;
+}
+
+[data-slot="mobile-drawer-content"][data-closed] {
+  visibility: hidden;
+  pointer-events: none;
+}
+
+[data-slot="mobile-drawer-handle"] {
+  display: flex;
+  height: 28px;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  touch-action: none;
+}
+
+[data-slot="mobile-drawer-handle"] span {
+  width: 32px;
+  height: 4px;
+  border-radius: 999px;
+  background: var(--v2-border-border-strong);
+}
+
+@keyframes mobile-drawer-backdrop-in {
+  from {
+    opacity: 0;
+  }
+  to {
+    opacity: 1;
+  }
+}
+
+@keyframes mobile-drawer-backdrop-out {
+  from {
+    opacity: 1;
+  }
+  to {
+    opacity: 0;
+  }
+}
+
+@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
+  [data-slot="mobile-drawer-content"][data-transitioning],
+  [data-slot="mobile-drawer-content"][data-closing] {
+    transition: none;
+  }
+
+  [data-slot="mobile-drawer-overlay"],
+  [data-slot="mobile-drawer-overlay"]:is([data-closing], [data-closed]) {
+    animation: none;
+  }
+}

packages/app/src/shell/mobile-drawer.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import Drawer from "@corvu/drawer"
+import type { ParentProps } from "solid-js"
+import { useLanguage } from "@/runtime/i18n/language"
+import "./mobile-drawer.css"
+
+export function MobileDrawer(
+  props: ParentProps<{
+    open: boolean
+    onOpenChange: (open: boolean) => void
+    onContentPresentChange?: (present: boolean) => void
+    returnFocus?: () => HTMLElement | undefined
+    closeOnOutsideFocus?: boolean
+  }>,
+) {
+  return (
+    <Drawer
+      open={props.open}
+      onOpenChange={props.onOpenChange}
+      onContentPresentChange={props.onContentPresentChange}
+      side="bottom"
+      finalFocusEl={props.returnFocus?.()}
+      closeOnOutsideFocus={props.closeOnOutsideFocus}
+    >
+      {props.children}
+    </Drawer>
+  )
+}
+
+export const MobileDrawerTrigger = Drawer.Trigger
+
+export function MobileDrawerContent(props: ParentProps) {
+  const language = useLanguage()
+  return (
+    <Drawer.Portal forceMount>
+      <Drawer.Overlay data-slot="mobile-drawer-overlay" />
+      <Drawer.Content forceMount data-slot="mobile-drawer-content" dir={language.direction()}>
+        <div data-slot="mobile-drawer-handle" aria-hidden="true">
+          <span />
+        </div>
+        {props.children}
+      </Drawer.Content>
+    </Drawer.Portal>
+  )
+}
+
+export const MobileDrawerLabel = Drawer.Label
+export const MobileDrawerClose = Drawer.Close

packages/app/src/shell/mobile-panel-drawer.css

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+[data-slot="mobile-panel"] {
+  display: flex;
+  min-height: 0;
+  flex-direction: column;
+}
+
+[data-slot="mobile-panel-header"] {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  gap: 12px;
+  padding-inline-start: 8px;
+  padding-block-end: 8px;
+}
+
+[data-slot="mobile-panel-header"] h2 {
+  margin: 0;
+  font-size: 14px;
+  font-weight: 530;
+  line-height: var(--line-height-base);
+}
+
+[data-slot="mobile-panel-close"][data-component="button-v2"] {
+  height: 44px;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+[data-slot="mobile-panel-content"] {
+  min-height: 0;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  overscroll-behavior: contain;
+  touch-action: pan-y;
+}

packages/app/src/shell/mobile-panel-drawer.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-import Drawer from "@corvu/drawer"
 import type { ParentProps } from "solid-js"
+import { Button } from "@opencode-ai/ui/button"
 import { useLanguage } from "@/runtime/i18n/language"
-import "./status/status-drawer.css"
+import { MobileDrawer, MobileDrawerClose, MobileDrawerContent, MobileDrawerLabel } from "./mobile-drawer"
+import "./mobile-panel-drawer.css"
 
 export function MobilePanelDrawer(
   props: ParentProps<{
@@ -13,32 +14,29 @@ export function MobilePanelDrawer(
 ) {
   const language = useLanguage()
   return (
-    <Drawer
+    <MobileDrawer
       open={props.open}
       onOpenChange={props.onOpenChange}
-      side="bottom"
-      finalFocusEl={props.returnFocus?.()}
+      returnFocus={props.returnFocus}
       // Menu focus handoff must not dismiss the drawer during its opening transition.
       closeOnOutsideFocus={false}
     >
-      {/* Preserve Corvu's content and dismissal lifecycle across reopenings. */}
-      <Drawer.Portal forceMount>
-        <Drawer.Overlay data-slot="mobile-status-overlay" />
-        <Drawer.Content forceMount data-slot="mobile-status-drawer" dir={language.direction()}>
-          <div data-slot="mobile-status-drag-handle" aria-hidden="true">
-            <span />
-          </div>
-          <div data-slot="mobile-status-header" data-corvu-no-drag>
-            <Drawer.Label>{props.title}</Drawer.Label>
-            <Drawer.Close data-slot="mobile-status-close" aria-label={language.t("common.close")}>
+      <MobileDrawerContent>
+        <div data-slot="mobile-panel" data-corvu-no-drag>
+          <div data-slot="mobile-panel-header">
+            <MobileDrawerLabel>{props.title}</MobileDrawerLabel>
+            <MobileDrawerClose
+              as={Button}
+              variant="ghost"
+              data-slot="mobile-panel-close"
+              aria-label={language.t("common.close")}
+            >
               {language.t("common.close")}
-            </Drawer.Close>
+            </MobileDrawerClose>
           </div>
-          <div data-slot="mobile-status-content" data-corvu-no-drag>
-            {props.children}
-          </div>
-        </Drawer.Content>
-      </Drawer.Portal>
-    </Drawer>
+          <div data-slot="mobile-panel-content">{props.children}</div>
+        </div>
+      </MobileDrawerContent>
+    </MobileDrawer>
   )
 }

packages/app/src/shell/status/status-drawer.css

@@ -1,109 +1,3 @@
-[data-slot="mobile-status-overlay"] {
-  position: fixed;
-  inset: 0;
-  z-index: 50;
-  background: var(--v2-overlay-simple-overlay-scrim);
-  animation: mobile-status-backdrop-in 240ms ease-out;
-}
-
-[data-slot="mobile-status-overlay"]:is([data-closing], [data-closed]) {
-  animation: mobile-status-backdrop-out 200ms ease-in forwards;
-}
-
-[data-slot="mobile-status-drawer"] {
-  box-sizing: border-box;
-  position: fixed;
-  inset-inline: 0;
-  bottom: 0;
-  z-index: 51;
-  display: flex;
-  flex-direction: column;
-  max-height: min(75dvh, calc(100dvh - env(safe-area-inset-top, 0px) - 16px));
-  padding: 0 12px max(12px, env(safe-area-inset-bottom, 0px));
-  padding-left: max(12px, env(safe-area-inset-left, 0px));
-  padding-right: max(12px, env(safe-area-inset-right, 0px));
-  border-radius: 16px 16px 0 0;
-  background: var(--v2-background-bg-deep);
-  color: var(--v2-text-text-base);
-  box-shadow: var(--v2-elevation-overlay);
-  outline: none;
-  app-region: no-drag;
-}
-
-[data-slot="mobile-status-drawer"][data-transitioning] {
-  transition: transform 240ms cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.8, 0.2, 1);
-}
-
-[data-slot="mobile-status-drawer"][data-closing] {
-  transition-duration: 200ms;
-}
-
-[data-slot="mobile-status-drawer"][data-closed] {
-  visibility: hidden;
-  pointer-events: none;
-}
-
-[data-slot="mobile-status-drag-handle"] {
-  display: flex;
-  height: 28px;
-  flex-shrink: 0;
-  align-items: center;
-  justify-content: center;
-  touch-action: none;
-}
-
-[data-slot="mobile-status-drag-handle"] span {
-  width: 32px;
-  height: 4px;
-  border-radius: 999px;
-  background: var(--v2-border-border-strong);
-}
-
-[data-slot="mobile-status-header"] {
-  display: flex;
-  flex-shrink: 0;
-  align-items: center;
-  justify-content: space-between;
-  gap: 12px;
-  padding-inline-start: 8px;
-  padding-block-end: 8px;
-}
-
-[data-slot="mobile-status-header"] h2 {
-  margin: 0;
-  font-size: 14px;
-  font-weight: 530;
-  line-height: var(--line-height-base);
-}
-
-[data-slot="mobile-status-close"] {
-  min-height: 44px;
-  flex-shrink: 0;
-  padding-inline: 12px;
-  border-radius: 6px;
-  color: var(--v2-text-text-base);
-  font-size: 13px;
-  line-height: var(--line-height-compact);
-}
-
-@media (hover: hover) {
-  [data-slot="mobile-status-close"]:hover {
-    background: var(--v2-overlay-simple-overlay-hover);
-  }
-}
-
-[data-slot="mobile-status-close"]:focus-visible {
-  outline: 2px solid var(--v2-border-border-focus);
-  outline-offset: -2px;
-}
-
-[data-slot="mobile-status-content"] {
-  min-height: 0;
-  overflow-y: auto;
-  overscroll-behavior: contain;
-  touch-action: pan-y;
-}
-
 [data-slot="mobile-status-loading"] {
   display: flex;
   min-height: 56px;
@@ -113,33 +7,3 @@
   font-size: 13px;
   line-height: var(--line-height-base);
 }
-
-@keyframes mobile-status-backdrop-in {
-  from {
-    opacity: 0;
-  }
-  to {
-    opacity: 1;
-  }
-}
-
-@keyframes mobile-status-backdrop-out {
-  from {
-    opacity: 1;
-  }
-  to {
-    opacity: 0;
-  }
-}
-
-@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
-  [data-slot="mobile-status-drawer"][data-transitioning],
-  [data-slot="mobile-status-drawer"][data-closing] {
-    transition: none;
-  }
-
-  [data-slot="mobile-status-overlay"],
-  [data-slot="mobile-status-overlay"]:is([data-closing], [data-closed]) {
-    animation: none;
-  }
-}

packages/app/src/shell/status/status-drawer.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { lazy, Suspense } from "solid-js"
 import { useLanguage } from "@/runtime/i18n/language"
 import { MobilePanelDrawer } from "../mobile-panel-drawer"
+import "./status-drawer.css"
 
 const Body = lazy(async () => {
   const { StatusPopoverBody } = await import("./body")

packages/app/src/shell/titlebar/titlebar.css

@@ -14,63 +14,13 @@
     var(--v2-background-bg-layer-02);
 }
 
-[data-slot="mobile-tabs-overlay"] {
-  position: fixed;
-  inset: 0;
-  z-index: 50;
-  background: var(--v2-overlay-simple-overlay-scrim);
-  animation: mobile-tabs-backdrop-in 240ms ease-out;
-}
-
-[data-slot="mobile-tabs-overlay"]:is([data-closing], [data-closed]) {
-  animation: mobile-tabs-backdrop-out 200ms ease-in forwards;
-}
-
 /* Keep the strip mounted for tab shortcuts and session metadata while collapsed. */
 [data-slot="mobile-tabs-drawer"] {
-  box-sizing: border-box;
-  position: fixed;
-  inset-inline: 0;
-  bottom: 0;
-  z-index: 51;
   display: flex;
+  min-height: 0;
   flex-direction: column;
   gap: 8px;
-  max-height: min(75dvh, calc(100dvh - env(safe-area-inset-top, 0px) - 16px));
-  padding: 0 12px max(12px, env(safe-area-inset-bottom, 0px));
-  border-radius: 16px 16px 0 0;
-  background: var(--v2-background-bg-deep);
-  box-shadow: var(--v2-elevation-overlay);
-  outline: none;
-}
-
-[data-slot="mobile-tabs-drawer"][data-transitioning] {
-  transition: transform 240ms cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.8, 0.2, 1);
-}
-
-[data-slot="mobile-tabs-drawer"][data-closing] {
-  transition-duration: 200ms;
-}
-
-[data-slot="mobile-tabs-drawer"][data-closed] {
-  visibility: hidden;
-  pointer-events: none;
-}
-
-[data-slot="mobile-tabs-drag-handle"] {
-  display: flex;
-  height: 28px;
-  flex-shrink: 0;
-  align-items: center;
-  justify-content: center;
-  touch-action: none;
-}
-
-[data-slot="mobile-tabs-drag-handle"] span {
-  width: 32px;
-  height: 4px;
-  border-radius: 999px;
-  background: var(--v2-border-border-strong);
+  margin-block-start: 8px;
 }
 
 [data-slot="mobile-tabs-drawer-list"] {
@@ -79,36 +29,6 @@
   flex-direction: column;
 }
 
-@keyframes mobile-tabs-backdrop-in {
-  from {
-    opacity: 0;
-  }
-  to {
-    opacity: 1;
-  }
-}
-
-@keyframes mobile-tabs-backdrop-out {
-  from {
-    opacity: 1;
-  }
-  to {
-    opacity: 0;
-  }
-}
-
-@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
-  [data-slot="mobile-tabs-drawer"][data-transitioning],
-  [data-slot="mobile-tabs-drawer"][data-closing] {
-    transition: none;
-  }
-
-  [data-slot="mobile-tabs-overlay"],
-  [data-slot="mobile-tabs-overlay"]:is([data-closing], [data-closed]) {
-    animation: none;
-  }
-}
-
 [data-slot="mobile-tabs-drawer"] [data-slot="vertical-tabs"] {
   display: flex;
   flex-direction: column;

packages/app/src/shell/titlebar/titlebar.tsx

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import type { ComposerState } from "@/composer/persistence"
 import "./titlebar.css"
 import { newTabTooltipKeybind } from "@/shell/commands/tooltip-keybind"
 import { TitlebarRightMount } from "@/shell/titlebar/right-slot"
-import Drawer from "@corvu/drawer"
+import { MobileDrawer, MobileDrawerContent, MobileDrawerLabel, MobileDrawerTrigger } from "@/shell/mobile-drawer"
 import { sessionLabel } from "@/session/title"
 import { SessionTabAvatar } from "@/shell/layout/session-tab-avatar"
 import { projectForSession } from "@/shell/layout/helpers"
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ export function Titlebar(props: {
                 <Show
                   when={!mobile()}
                   fallback={
-                    <Drawer
+                    <MobileDrawer
                       open={mobileTabs.open}
                       onOpenChange={(open) => setMobileTabs("open", open)}
                       onContentPresentChange={(present) => {
@@ -423,11 +423,9 @@ export function Titlebar(props: {
                         setMobileTabs("settings", false)
                         openSettings()
                       }}
-                      side="bottom"
                     >
-                      <Drawer.Trigger
+                      <MobileDrawerTrigger
                         data-slot="mobile-tabs-trigger"
-                        aria-expanded={mobileTabs.open}
                         class="flex h-7 min-w-0 flex-1 items-center gap-2 rounded-[6px] px-2 text-[13px] leading-4 text-v2-text-text-base focus-visible:outline-none [app-region:no-drag]"
                         aria-label={language.t("titlebar.tabs")}
                       >
@@ -467,15 +465,11 @@ export function Titlebar(props: {
                           {currentTitle()}
                         </span>
                         <span class="shrink-0 text-v2-text-text-muted">{tabsStore.length}</span>
-                      </Drawer.Trigger>
-                      <Drawer.Portal forceMount>
-                        <Drawer.Overlay data-slot="mobile-tabs-overlay" />
-                        <Drawer.Content forceMount data-slot="mobile-tabs-drawer" dir={language.direction()}>
-                          <Drawer.Label class="sr-only">{language.t("titlebar.tabs")}</Drawer.Label>
-                          <div data-slot="mobile-tabs-drag-handle" aria-hidden="true">
-                            <span />
-                          </div>
-                          <div data-slot="mobile-tabs-drawer-list" data-corvu-no-drag>
+                      </MobileDrawerTrigger>
+                      <MobileDrawerContent>
+                        <MobileDrawerLabel class="sr-only">{language.t("titlebar.tabs")}</MobileDrawerLabel>
+                        <div data-slot="mobile-tabs-drawer" data-corvu-no-drag>
+                          <div data-slot="mobile-tabs-drawer-list">
                             <TitlebarTabStrip
                               orientation="vertical"
                               tabs={tabsStore}
@@ -493,7 +487,6 @@ export function Titlebar(props: {
                           </div>
                           <button
                             type="button"
-                            data-corvu-no-drag
                             data-action="mobile-tabs-new-session"
                             class="flex h-7 w-full shrink-0 items-center gap-2 rounded-[6px] px-2 text-[13px] leading-4 text-v2-text-text-base hover:bg-v2-background-bg-layer-02 focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:bg-v2-background-bg-layer-02"
                             onClick={() => {
@@ -504,10 +497,7 @@ export function Titlebar(props: {
                             <Icon name="plus" />
                             {language.t("command.session.new")}
                           </button>
-                          <div
-                            class="flex shrink-0 flex-col gap-1 border-t border-v2-border-border-muted pt-2"
-                            data-corvu-no-drag
-                          >
+                          <div class="flex shrink-0 flex-col gap-1 border-t border-v2-border-border-muted pt-2">
                             <button
                               type="button"
                               data-action="mobile-tabs-home"
@@ -546,9 +536,9 @@ export function Titlebar(props: {
                               </button>
                             </div>
                           </div>
-                        </Drawer.Content>
-                      </Drawer.Portal>
-                    </Drawer>
+                        </div>
+                      </MobileDrawerContent>
+                    </MobileDrawer>
                   }
                 >
                   <Show

packages/app/vite.icons.test.ts

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ test.each(["dev", "beta", "prod"])("serves %s app icons", async (channel) => {
 async function check(channel: string, read: (path: string) => Promise<Uint8Array>) {
   const html = new TextDecoder().decode(await read("/index.html"))
   const actual: typeof manifest = JSON.parse(new TextDecoder().decode(await read("/site.webmanifest")))
+  expect(actual.icons.every((icon) => icon.purpose === "maskable")).toBe(true)
   expect(actual).toEqual({
     ...manifest,
     icons: manifest.icons.map((icon) => ({ ...icon, src: `/icons/${channel}${icon.src}` })),

packages/cli/src/commands/commands.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Argument, Flag, GlobalFlag } from "effect/unstable/cli"
 import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { Spec } from "../framework/spec"
+import { Updater } from "../services/updater"
 
 export const PrintLogs = GlobalFlag.setting("print-logs")({
   flag: Flag.boolean("print-logs").pipe(
@@ -56,6 +57,20 @@ const Root = Spec.make(typeof OPENCODE_CLI_NAME === "string" ? OPENCODE_CLI_NAME
     prompt: Flag.string("prompt").pipe(Flag.withDescription("Prompt to use"), Flag.optional),
   },
   commands: [
+    Spec.make("upgrade", {
+      description: "Upgrade OpenCode to the latest or a specific version",
+      params: {
+        target: Argument.string("target").pipe(
+          Argument.withDescription("Version to upgrade to (with or without a leading v)"),
+          Argument.optional,
+        ),
+        method: Flag.choice("method", Updater.methods).pipe(
+          Flag.withAlias("m"),
+          Flag.withDescription("Installation method to use"),
+          Flag.optional,
+        ),
+      },
+    }),
     Spec.make("acp", { description: "Start an Agent Client Protocol server" }),
     Spec.make("api", {
       description: "Make a request to the running server",

packages/cli/src/commands/handlers/upgrade.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { intro, log, outro, spinner } from "@clack/prompts"
+import { Effect, Option } from "effect"
+import { Commands } from "../commands"
+import { Runtime } from "../../framework/runtime"
+import { Updater } from "../../services/updater"
+import { handlePromptErrors } from "../../ui/prompt"
+import { OPENCODE_VERSION } from "../../version"
+
+export default Runtime.handler(
+  Commands.commands.upgrade,
+  Effect.fn("cli.upgrade")(function* (input) {
+    intro("Upgrade")
+    const updater = yield* Updater.Service
+    const method = Option.getOrUndefined(input.method) ?? (yield* updater.method())
+    if (!method)
+      return yield* Effect.fail(
+        new Error("Could not detect the installation method. Pass --method to choose how to upgrade OpenCode."),
+      )
+
+    log.info(`Using method: ${method}`)
+    const target = Option.getOrUndefined(input.target) ?? (yield* updater.latest())
+    const version = target.trim().replace(/^v/, "")
+    if (version === OPENCODE_VERSION) {
+      log.warn(`OpenCode upgrade skipped: ${version} is already installed`)
+      outro("Done")
+      return
+    }
+
+    log.info(`From ${OPENCODE_VERSION} → ${version}`)
+    const progress = spinner()
+    progress.start("Upgrading...")
+    yield* updater.upgrade(method, target).pipe(
+      Effect.tap(() => Effect.sync(() => progress.stop("Upgrade complete"))),
+      Effect.tapCause(() => Effect.sync(() => progress.stop("Upgrade failed", 1))),
+    )
+    outro("Done")
+  }, handlePromptErrors),
+)

packages/cli/src/index.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import { CpuProfile } from "./cpu-profile"
 
 const Handlers = Runtime.handlers(Commands, {
   $: () => import("./commands/handlers/default"),
+  upgrade: () => import("./commands/handlers/upgrade"),
   acp: () => import("./commands/handlers/acp"),
   api: () => import("./commands/handlers/api"),
   auth: {
@@ -98,12 +99,13 @@ Effect.gen(function* () {
   Effect.provide(Config.layer),
   Effect.provide(Updater.layer),
   Effect.provide(
-    LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group([Global.node, AppProcess.node, Npm.node]), [
-      [
-        Global.node,
-        Global.layerWith(process.env.OPENCODE_CONFIG_DIR ? { config: process.env.OPENCODE_CONFIG_DIR } : {}),
+    LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group([Global.node, AppProcess.node, Npm.node]), {
+      replacements: [
+        Global.node.replace(
+          Global.layerWith(process.env.OPENCODE_CONFIG_DIR ? { config: process.env.OPENCODE_CONFIG_DIR } : {}),
+        ),
       ],
-    ]),
+    }),
   ),
   Effect.provide(
     Observability.layer({

packages/cli/src/mini-host.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import fs from "node:fs"
 import { readFile } from "node:fs/promises"
 import path from "node:path"
 import { ReadStream } from "node:tty"
+import { OPENCODE_VERSION } from "./version"
 
 export const INTERACTIVE_INPUT_ERROR = "opencode mini requires a controlling terminal for input"
 
@@ -137,6 +138,7 @@ export function createMiniHost(input: {
     argv: process.argv.slice(2),
   }
   return {
+    version: OPENCODE_VERSION,
     terminal: { stdin: input.terminal.stdin },
     platform: process.platform,
     stdout: {

packages/cli/src/server-process.ts

@@ -30,12 +30,13 @@ export const run = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (options: Options) {
   return yield* processEffect(options).pipe(
     Effect.provide(Updater.layer),
     Effect.provide(
-      LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group([Global.node, AppProcess.node]), [
-        [
-          Global.node,
-          Global.layerWith(process.env.OPENCODE_CONFIG_DIR ? { config: process.env.OPENCODE_CONFIG_DIR } : {}),
+      LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group([Global.node, AppProcess.node]), {
+        replacements: [
+          Global.node.replace(
+            Global.layerWith(process.env.OPENCODE_CONFIG_DIR ? { config: process.env.OPENCODE_CONFIG_DIR } : {}),
+          ),
         ],
-      ]),
+      }),
     ),
     Effect.provide(NodeServices.layer),
   )

packages/cli/src/services/updater-action.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export function action(current: string, latest: string, policy: Policy): Action
   return policy === "notify" ? "notify" : "upgrade"
 }
 
-function parseReleaseVersion(input: string) {
+export function parseReleaseVersion(input: string) {
   if (input.length > 256) return
   const match = input.trim().match(versionPattern)
   if (!match) return

packages/cli/src/services/updater.ts

@@ -5,19 +5,21 @@ import { Context, Duration, Effect, FileSystem, Layer } from "effect"
 import { ChildProcess } from "effect/unstable/process"
 import { parse, type ParseError } from "jsonc-parser"
 import path from "node:path"
-import { action, type Policy } from "./updater-action"
+import { action, parseReleaseVersion, type Policy } from "./updater-action"
 
 declare const OPENCODE_CLI_NAME: string | undefined
 
-type Method = "npm" | "pnpm" | "bun" | "yarn" | "curl"
+export const methods = ["curl", "npm", "pnpm", "bun", "yarn"] as const
+export type Method = (typeof methods)[number]
 
 const packageName =
-  typeof OPENCODE_CLI_NAME === "string" && OPENCODE_CLI_NAME === "opencode2-node"
-    ? OPENCODE_CLI_NAME
-    : "@opencode-ai/cli"
+  typeof OPENCODE_CLI_NAME === "string" && OPENCODE_CLI_NAME === "opencode2-node" ? "opencode-node" : "@opencode-ai/cli"
 
 export interface Interface {
   readonly check: () => Effect.Effect<void>
+  readonly method: () => Effect.Effect<Method | undefined>
+  readonly latest: () => Effect.Effect<string, Error>
+  readonly upgrade: (method: Method, version: string) => Effect.Effect<void, Error>
 }
 
 export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/cli/Updater") {}
@@ -110,7 +112,9 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
       return data.version
     })
 
-    const upgrade = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (method: Method, version: string) {
+    const upgrade = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (method: Method, input: string) {
+      if (!parseReleaseVersion(input)) return yield* Effect.fail(new Error(`Invalid version: ${input}`))
+      const version = input.trim().replace(/^v/, "")
       const target = `${packageName}@${version}`
       const commands: Record<Exclude<Method, "bun" | "curl">, string[]> = {
         npm: ["npm", "install", "--global", target],
@@ -138,7 +142,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
           }
           return yield* run(commands[method], "5 minutes")
         }),
-      )
+      ).pipe(Effect.mapError((cause) => new Error(`Failed to update with ${method}`, { cause })))
       if (result.code === 0) return
       return yield* Effect.fail(new Error(result.stderr.trim() || `Failed to update with ${method}`))
     })
@@ -173,7 +177,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
       Effect.catchCause((cause) => Effect.logWarning("automatic update failed", { cause })),
     )
 
-    return Service.of({ check })
+    return Service.of({ check, method, latest, upgrade })
   }),
 )
 

packages/cli/test/config.test.ts

@@ -486,7 +486,14 @@ test("updates a config draft while preserving JSONC comments", async () => {
       const service = yield* Config.Service
       return yield* service.update((draft) => {
         draft.prompt = { paste: "compact" }
-        draft.mini = { thinking: "hide", shell_output: "hide", turn_summary: "hide", splash: "hide", mono: true }
+        draft.mini = {
+          thinking: "hide",
+          shell_output: "hide",
+          turn_summary: "hide",
+          splash: "hide",
+          work_spinner: "block-low-comet",
+          mono: true,
+        }
       })
     }),
   )
@@ -494,7 +501,14 @@ test("updates a config draft while preserving JSONC comments", async () => {
   expect(config).toEqual({
     animations: true,
     prompt: { paste: "compact" },
-    mini: { thinking: "hide", shell_output: "hide", turn_summary: "hide", splash: "hide", mono: true },
+    mini: {
+      thinking: "hide",
+      shell_output: "hide",
+      turn_summary: "hide",
+      splash: "hide",
+      work_spinner: "block-low-comet",
+      mono: true,
+    },
   })
   expect(await Bun.file(path.join(directory.path, "cli.json")).text()).toContain("// Keep this comment")
 })

packages/cli/test/fixture/upgrade.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { NodeServices } from "@effect/platform-node"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { Command } from "effect/unstable/cli"
+import { Commands } from "../../src/commands/commands"
+import upgrade from "../../src/commands/handlers/upgrade"
+import { Updater } from "../../src/services/updater"
+
+const record = (event: unknown) => console.log(`EVENT ${JSON.stringify(event)}`)
+
+await Effect.runPromise(
+  Command.runWith(Commands.commands.upgrade.spec.pipe(Command.withHandler(upgrade)), { version: "test" })(
+    process.argv.slice(2),
+  ).pipe(
+    Effect.provideService(Updater.Service, {
+      check: () => Effect.die("Manual upgrades must not run the automatic update check"),
+      method: () =>
+        Effect.sync(() => {
+          record("method")
+          return Updater.methods.find((method) => method === (process.env.UPGRADE_TEST_METHOD ?? "npm"))
+        }),
+      latest: () =>
+        Effect.suspend(() => {
+          record("latest")
+          return process.env.UPGRADE_TEST_LATEST_ERROR
+            ? Effect.fail(new Error("Update check failed"))
+            : Effect.succeed("0.0.0-beta-new")
+        }),
+      upgrade: (method, version) =>
+        Effect.suspend(() => {
+          record({ method, version })
+          return process.env.UPGRADE_TEST_INSTALL_ERROR ? Effect.fail(new Error("Permission denied")) : Effect.void
+        }),
+    }),
+    Effect.provide(NodeServices.layer),
+  ),
+)

packages/cli/test/mini-host.test.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   type InteractiveStdin,
   usingInteractiveStdin,
 } from "../src/mini-host"
+import { OPENCODE_VERSION } from "../src/version"
 import { tmpdir } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
 
 const model = { providerID: "openai", modelID: "gpt-5" }
@@ -145,6 +146,7 @@ describe("Mini CLI host", () => {
     const input = host({ stdin: stream(true), cleanup() {} }, directory.path)
 
     expect(input.paths).toEqual({ home: directory.path })
+    expect(input.version).toBe(OPENCODE_VERSION)
     expect(input.platform).toBe(process.platform)
     expect(typeof input.files.readText).toBe("function")
     const file = path.join(directory.path, "attachment.txt")

packages/cli/test/updater-install.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+import { NodeServices } from "@effect/platform-node"
+import { Global } from "@opencode-ai/util/global"
+import { AppProcess } from "@opencode-ai/util/process"
+import { expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { Effect, FileSystem, Stream } from "effect"
+import { ChildProcess, ChildProcessSpawner } from "effect/unstable/process"
+import { existsSync } from "node:fs"
+import path from "node:path"
+import { Updater } from "../src/services/updater"
+import { testEffect } from "../../core/test/lib/effect"
+
+const it = testEffect(NodeServices.layer)
+
+declare const OPENCODE_CLI_NAME: string | undefined
+
+function fixture(
+  respond: (command: ChildProcess.StandardCommand) => Partial<AppProcess.RunResult> & {
+    error?: AppProcess.AppProcessError
+  } = () => ({}),
+) {
+  return Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const fs = yield* FileSystem.FileSystem
+    const spawner = yield* ChildProcessSpawner.ChildProcessSpawner
+    const root = yield* fs.makeTempDirectoryScoped({ prefix: "opencode-updater-" })
+    const global = Global.make({
+      home: path.join(root, "home"),
+      data: path.join(root, "data"),
+      cache: path.join(root, "cache"),
+      config: path.join(root, "config"),
+      state: path.join(root, "state"),
+      tmp: path.join(root, "tmp"),
+      bin: path.join(root, "bin"),
+      log: path.join(root, "log"),
+      repos: path.join(root, "repos"),
+    })
+    const commands: string[][] = []
+    const updater = yield* Updater.Service.pipe(
+      Effect.provide(Updater.layer),
+      Effect.provideService(Global.Service, global),
+      Effect.provideService(
+        AppProcess.Service,
+        AppProcess.Service.of({
+          ...spawner,
+          run: (command) =>
+            Effect.suspend(() => {
+              if (command._tag !== "StandardCommand") return Effect.die("Unexpected piped install command")
+              commands.push([command.command, ...command.args])
+              const result = respond(command)
+              if (result.error) return Effect.fail(result.error)
+              return Effect.succeed({
+                command: command.command,
+                exitCode: 0,
+                stdout: Buffer.alloc(0),
+                stderr: Buffer.alloc(0),
+                stdoutTruncated: false,
+                stderrTruncated: false,
+                ...result,
+              })
+            }),
+          runStream: () => Stream.die("Unexpected streaming install command"),
+        }),
+      ),
+    )
+    return { updater, commands, global, fs }
+  })
+}
+
+const installs = [
+  { method: "npm", command: ["npm", "install", "--global", "@opencode-ai/cli@2.3.4-beta.1"] },
+  {
+    method: "pnpm",
+    command: ["pnpm", "add", "--global", "--allow-build=@opencode-ai/cli", "@opencode-ai/cli@2.3.4-beta.1"],
+  },
+  { method: "yarn", command: ["yarn", "global", "add", "@opencode-ai/cli@2.3.4-beta.1"] },
+] as const
+
+installs.forEach(({ method, command }) => {
+  it.live(`${method} installs the explicit V2 package version without a leading v`, () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* fixture()
+      yield* test.updater.upgrade(method, "v2.3.4-beta.1")
+      expect(test.commands).toEqual([[...command]])
+    }),
+  )
+})
+;[0, 1].forEach((exitCode) => {
+  it.live(`bun isolates and removes its install cache after exit ${exitCode}`, () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* fixture((command) => {
+        expect(command.command).toBe("bun")
+        expect(existsSync(command.args[4])).toBe(true)
+        return { exitCode, stderr: Buffer.from("bun install failed") }
+      })
+      const result = yield* test.updater.upgrade("bun", "v2.3.4-beta.1").pipe(Effect.flip, Effect.option)
+      const cache = test.commands[0]?.[5]
+      expect(cache).toStartWith(path.join(test.global.cache, "update-"))
+      expect(test.commands).toEqual([
+        ["bun", "install", "--global", "--trust", "--cache-dir", cache, "@opencode-ai/cli@2.3.4-beta.1"],
+      ])
+      expect(yield* test.fs.readDirectory(test.global.cache)).toEqual([])
+      expect(result._tag).toBe(exitCode === 0 ? "None" : "Some")
+      if (result._tag === "Some") expect(result.value.message).toBe("bun install failed")
+    }),
+  )
+})
+;["success", "download", "install"].forEach((failure) => {
+  it.live(`curl uses the V2 installer and cleans its directory: ${failure}`, () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* fixture((command) => {
+        const installer = command.command === "curl" ? command.args[2] : command.args[0]
+        expect(existsSync(path.dirname(installer))).toBe(true)
+        return {
+          exitCode: command.command === (failure === "download" ? "curl" : failure === "install" ? "bash" : "") ? 1 : 0,
+          stderr: Buffer.from(`${failure} failed`),
+        }
+      })
+      const result = yield* test.updater.upgrade("curl", "v2.3.4-beta.1").pipe(Effect.flip, Effect.option)
+      const installer = test.commands[0]?.[3]
+      expect(installer).toStartWith(path.join(test.global.cache, "update-"))
+      expect(test.commands).toEqual([
+        ["curl", "-fsSL", "-o", installer, "https://opencode.ai/v2/install"],
+        ...(failure === "download" ? [] : [["bash", installer, "--version", "2.3.4-beta.1", "--no-modify-path"]]),
+      ])
+      expect(yield* test.fs.readDirectory(test.global.cache)).toEqual([])
+      expect(result._tag).toBe(failure === "success" ? "None" : "Some")
+      if (result._tag === "Some") expect(result.value.message).toBe(`${failure} failed`)
+    }),
+  )
+})
+
+it.live("invalid version targets never execute a command or create a cache", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const test = yield* fixture()
+    yield* Effect.forEach(Updater.methods, (method) =>
+      Effect.forEach(
+        ["", "latest", "2.3", "01.2.3", "vv2.3.4", "2.3.4; echo unsafe", "--global", "v2.3.4\n--force"],
+        (version) =>
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const error = yield* test.updater.upgrade(method, version).pipe(Effect.flip)
+            expect(error.message).toBe(`Invalid version: ${version}`)
+          }),
+      ),
+    )
+    expect(test.commands).toEqual([])
+    expect(yield* test.fs.exists(test.global.cache)).toBe(false)
+  }),
+)
+
+it.live("install failures expose stderr and process errors do not report success", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const failed = yield* fixture(() => ({ exitCode: 1, stderr: Buffer.from("  registry denied access\n") }))
+    const error = yield* failed.updater.upgrade("npm", "2.3.4").pipe(Effect.flip)
+    expect(error.message).toBe("registry denied access")
+    const missing = yield* fixture(() => ({ error: new AppProcess.AppProcessError({ command: "npm" }) }))
+    const unavailable = yield* missing.updater.upgrade("npm", "2.3.4").pipe(Effect.flip)
+    expect(unavailable.message).toBe("Failed to update with npm")
+    expect(failed.commands).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(missing.commands).toHaveLength(1)
+  }),
+)
+;(["npm", "pnpm", "bun", "yarn", undefined] as const).forEach((method) => {
+  it.live(`method detection identifies ${method ?? "an unknown installation"} using the V2 package`, () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* fixture((command) => ({
+        stdout: Buffer.from(command.command === method ? "@opencode-ai/cli@2.3.4" : "opencode-ai@1.0.0"),
+      }))
+      expect(yield* test.updater.method()).toBe(method)
+      expect(test.commands).toEqual([
+        ["npm", "list", "-g", "--depth=0", "@opencode-ai/cli"],
+        ["pnpm", "list", "-g", "--depth=0", "@opencode-ai/cli"],
+        ["bun", "pm", "ls", "-g"],
+        ["yarn", "global", "list"],
+      ])
+    }),
+  )
+})
+
+it.live("method detection tolerates unavailable package managers", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const test = yield* fixture((command) =>
+      command.command === "yarn"
+        ? { stdout: Buffer.from("@opencode-ai/cli@2.3.4") }
+        : { error: new AppProcess.AppProcessError({ command: command.command }) },
+    )
+    expect(yield* test.updater.method()).toBe("yarn")
+    expect(test.commands).toHaveLength(4)
+  }),
+)
+
+test("Node distribution honors the compile-time CLI name", async () => {
+  const child = Bun.spawn(
+    [
+      process.execPath,
+      "test",
+      import.meta.path,
+      "--define",
+      'OPENCODE_CLI_NAME="opencode2-node"',
+      "--test-name-pattern",
+      "^Node distribution resolves the published npm package$",
+    ],
+    { cwd: path.join(import.meta.dir, ".."), stdout: "ignore", stderr: "pipe" },
+  )
+  const [code, stderr] = await Promise.all([child.exited, new Response(child.stderr).text()])
+  expect(code, stderr).toBe(0)
+  expect(stderr).toContain("1 pass")
+})
+
+if (typeof OPENCODE_CLI_NAME === "string" && OPENCODE_CLI_NAME === "opencode2-node") {
+  it.live("Node distribution resolves the published npm package", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const test = yield* fixture((command) => ({
+        stdout: Buffer.from(command.command === "npm" ? "opencode-node@2.3.4" : ""),
+      }))
+      expect(yield* test.updater.method()).toBe("npm")
+      yield* test.updater.upgrade("npm", "v2.3.4")
+      yield* test.updater.upgrade("pnpm", "v2.3.4")
+      expect(test.commands).toEqual([
+        ["npm", "list", "-g", "--depth=0", "opencode-node"],
+        ["pnpm", "list", "-g", "--depth=0", "opencode-node"],
+        ["bun", "pm", "ls", "-g"],
+        ["yarn", "global", "list"],
+        ["npm", "install", "--global", "opencode-node@2.3.4"],
+        ["pnpm", "add", "--global", "--allow-build=opencode-node", "opencode-node@2.3.4"],
+      ])
+    }),
+  )
+}

packages/cli/test/upgrade.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { mkdtemp, rm } from "node:fs/promises"
+import os from "node:os"
+import path from "node:path"
+
+describe("upgrade command", () => {
+  test("is registered in root help and documents its options", async () => {
+    const root = await cli(["--help"], {}, "../src/index.ts")
+    const help = await cli(["upgrade", "--help"], {}, "../src/index.ts")
+    expect(root.exitCode).toBe(0)
+    expect(root.stdout).toContain("upgrade")
+    expect(help.exitCode).toBe(0)
+    expect(help.stdout).toContain("[<target>]")
+    expect(help.stdout).toContain("--method")
+    expect(help.stdout).toContain("-m")
+  })
+
+  test("detects the installation method and resolves the latest version", async () => {
+    const result = await cli([])
+    expect(result.exitCode).toBe(0)
+    expect(result.events).toEqual(["method", "latest", { method: "npm", version: "0.0.0-beta-new" }])
+    expect(result.stdout).toContain("Upgrade complete")
+  })
+
+  test("accepts an explicit version and method without detection or a version lookup", async () => {
+    const result = await cli(["v0.0.0-beta-target", "--method", "pnpm"])
+    expect(result.exitCode).toBe(0)
+    expect(result.events).toEqual([{ method: "pnpm", version: "v0.0.0-beta-target" }])
+    expect(result.stdout).toContain("0.0.0-beta-old → 0.0.0-beta-target")
+  })
+
+  test("accepts the short method flag and an explicit major upgrade", async () => {
+    const result = await cli(["2.0.0", "-m", "bun"])
+    expect(result.exitCode).toBe(0)
+    expect(result.events).toEqual([{ method: "bun", version: "2.0.0" }])
+  })
+
+  test("skips the already installed version", async () => {
+    const result = await cli(["v0.0.0-beta-old"])
+    expect(result.exitCode).toBe(0)
+    expect(result.events).toEqual(["method"])
+    expect(result.stdout).toContain("already installed")
+  })
+
+  test("requires an explicit method when detection fails", async () => {
+    const result = await cli([], { UPGRADE_TEST_METHOD: "unknown" })
+    expect(result.exitCode).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.events).toEqual(["method"])
+    expect(result.stdout).toContain("Pass --method")
+  })
+
+  test("rejects unsupported methods before attempting an upgrade", async () => {
+    const result = await cli(["--method", "brew"])
+    expect(result.exitCode).not.toBe(0)
+    expect(result.events).toEqual([])
+  })
+
+  test("reports version lookup failures without installing", async () => {
+    const result = await cli([], { UPGRADE_TEST_LATEST_ERROR: "1" })
+    expect(result.exitCode).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.events).toEqual(["method", "latest"])
+    expect(result.stdout).toContain("Update check failed")
+  })
+
+  test("reports installation failures with a nonzero exit code", async () => {
+    const result = await cli([], { UPGRADE_TEST_INSTALL_ERROR: "1" })
+    expect(result.exitCode).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.stdout).toContain("Upgrade failed")
+    expect(result.stdout).toContain("Permission denied")
+    expect(result.stdout).not.toContain("Upgrade complete")
+  })
+})
+
+async function cli(args: string[], env: Record<string, string> = {}, entry = "fixture/upgrade.ts") {
+  const root = await mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "opencode-upgrade-"))
+  try {
+    const child = Bun.spawn(
+      [process.execPath, "--define", 'OPENCODE_VERSION="0.0.0-beta-old"', path.join(import.meta.dir, entry), ...args],
+      {
+        cwd: path.join(import.meta.dir, ".."),
+        env: {
+          ...process.env,
+          OPENCODE_TEST_HOME: root,
+          XDG_DATA_HOME: path.join(root, "data"),
+          XDG_CONFIG_HOME: path.join(root, "config"),
+          XDG_CACHE_HOME: path.join(root, "cache"),
+          XDG_STATE_HOME: path.join(root, "state"),
+          OPENCODE_DISABLE_AUTOUPDATE: "1",
+          ...env,
+        },
+        stdout: "pipe",
+        stderr: "pipe",
+      },
+    )
+    const [stdout, stderr, exitCode] = await Promise.all([
+      new Response(child.stdout).text(),
+      new Response(child.stderr).text(),
+      child.exited,
+    ])
+    const events = stdout
+      .split("\n")
+      .filter((line) => line.startsWith("EVENT "))
+      .map((line) => JSON.parse(line.slice(6)))
+    expect(await Bun.file(path.join(root, "state", "opencode", "service-local.json")).exists()).toBe(false)
+    return { stdout, stderr, exitCode, events }
+  } finally {
+    await rm(root, { recursive: true, force: true })
+  }
+}

packages/client/src/promise/api.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import type { OpenCode } from "./client.js"
 type Client = ReturnType<typeof OpenCode.make>
 
 export type { RpcApi, RpcCallOptions, RpcClient, RpcEventPayload } from "./rpc.js"
+export type { PermissionCreateInput } from "./generated/types.js"
 
 export type AgentApi = Client["agent"]
 export type CommandApi = Client["command"]

packages/codemode/README.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Unsupported syntax returns an `UnsupportedSyntax` diagnostic with a source locat
 ## Quick Start
 
 ```ts
-import { CodeMode, Tool } from "@opencode-ai/codemode"
+import { CodeMode, Namespace, Tool } from "@opencode-ai/codemode"
 import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
 
 const lookupOrder = Tool.make({
@@ -60,9 +60,22 @@ only shape the model-visible signature. Without `output`, the signature uses `Pr
 
 Descriptions and schemas are model-visible contracts. Authorization belongs in `execute`.
 
-Dots in tool names create namespaces: `{ "issues.list": tool }` and `{ issues: { list: tool } }` both expose
-`tools.issues.list(...)`. Other characters use bracket notation, such as
-`tools.context7["resolve-library-id"](...)`.
+Nested records are the shorthand for ordinary namespaces. Use `Namespace.make` when a namespace needs a description:
+
+```ts
+const runtime = CodeMode.make({
+  tools: {
+    orders: Namespace.make({
+      description: "Purchases, fulfillment, and shipment tracking",
+      tools: { lookup: lookupOrder },
+    }),
+  },
+})
+```
+
+Namespace descriptions are optional and participate in search matching for every descendant tool. Names still come
+from record keys, so the wrapper does not repeat `orders`. Dots in keys create nested paths; other characters use
+bracket notation, such as `tools.context7["resolve-library-id"](...)`.
 
 ### `CodeMode.execute` and `CodeMode.make`
 
@@ -150,7 +163,7 @@ and `CodeMode.toolExpression(path)` supply the exact callable forms.
 
 The synchronous `search(...)` built-in is always available. It supports exact-path lookup, namespace-scoped search,
 empty-query browsing, and pagination, and returns callable paths with full signatures. Search counts toward
-`maxToolCalls`.
+`maxToolCalls`. Search also matches descriptions from enclosing `Namespace` values.
 
 ## Execution Limits
 

packages/codemode/src/index.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 export * as CodeMode from "./codemode.js"
+export * as Namespace from "./namespace.js"
 export * as Tool from "./tool.js"
 export * as OpenAPI from "./openapi/index.js"
 export { searchSignature, toolExpression } from "./codemode.js"

packages/codemode/src/interpreter/references.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import {
   type AstNode,
+  AsyncIteratorSymbol,
   CodeModeFunction,
   CodeModeGenerator,
   CoercionFunction,
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ import {
   GeneratorMethodReference,
   InterpreterRuntimeError,
   IntrinsicReference,
+  IteratorSymbol,
   JsonMethodReference,
   PromiseCapabilityFunction,
   PromiseInstanceMethodReference,
@@ -42,13 +44,12 @@ export const isRuntimeReference = (value: unknown): boolean =>
   value instanceof SymbolNamespace ||
   isCodeModeValue(value)
 
-function* childValues(value: object): Generator<unknown> {
-  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
-    const length = value.length
-    for (let index = 0; index < length; index++) yield value[index]
-    return
+function* childValues(value: object): Generator {
+  for (const key of Reflect.ownKeys(value)) {
+    if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(value, key)) continue
+    if (typeof key === "symbol" && key !== AsyncIteratorSymbol && key !== IteratorSymbol) continue
+    yield Reflect.get(value, key)
   }
-  yield* Object.values(value)
 }
 
 export const containsRuntimeReference = (value: unknown): boolean => {
@@ -90,9 +91,14 @@ export const containsOpaqueReference = (value: unknown): boolean => {
 }
 
 // Reject cycles before mutation so later boundary walks remain safe.
-export const rejectCircularInsertion = (container: object, value: unknown, label: string, node: AstNode): void => {
+export const rejectCircularInsertion = (
+  container: object,
+  value: unknown,
+  label: string,
+  node: AstNode,
+  seen = new Set<object>(),
+): void => {
   const pending: Array<Iterator<unknown>> = [[value].values()]
-  const seen = new Set<object>()
   while (pending.length > 0) {
     const next = pending.at(-1)!.next()
     if (next.done) {
@@ -104,7 +110,7 @@ export const rejectCircularInsertion = (container: object, value: unknown, label
       throw new InterpreterRuntimeError(`${label} contains a circular value.`, node, "InvalidDataValue")
     if (current === null || typeof current !== "object" || isRuntimeReference(current) || seen.has(current)) continue
     seen.add(current)
-    pending.push(Array.isArray(current) ? current[Symbol.iterator]() : childValues(current))
+    pending.push(childValues(current))
   }
 }
 

packages/codemode/src/namespace.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import type { Tools } from "./tools.js"
+
+/** A tool namespace with optional model-visible metadata. */
+export type Namespace<R = never> = {
+  readonly _tag: "CodeModeNamespace"
+  readonly description?: string
+  readonly tools: Tools<R>
+}
+
+/** Options for declaring one CodeMode namespace. */
+export type Options<R = never> = {
+  readonly description?: string
+  readonly tools: Tools<R>
+}
+
+export const isNamespace = <R = never>(value: Namespace<R> | Tools<R>): value is Namespace<R> =>
+  Object.hasOwn(value, "_tag") && value._tag === "CodeModeNamespace"
+
+/** Declares a namespace when descriptions or other namespace metadata are needed. */
+export const make = <R = never>(options: Options<R>): Namespace<R> => ({
+  _tag: "CodeModeNamespace",
+  ...(options.description === undefined ? {} : { description: options.description }),
+  tools: options.tools,
+})

packages/codemode/src/openapi/index.ts

@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ export const fromSpec = (options: Options): Result => {
     if (!isRecord(pathValue)) continue
     for (const [method, operationValue] of Object.entries(pathValue)) {
       if (!methods.has(method) || !isRecord(operationValue)) continue
-      const segments = operationPath(method, path, operationValue, used, namespaces)
       const operation: Operation = {
         operationId: nonEmptyString(operationValue.operationId),
         method: method.toUpperCase(),
@@ -99,6 +98,7 @@ export const fromSpec = (options: Options): Result => {
         auth: options.auth,
         headers: options.headers ?? {},
       }
+      const segments = operationPath(method, path, operationValue, used, namespaces)
       used.add(segments.join("."))
       for (const index of segments.slice(0, -1).keys()) namespaces.add(segments.slice(0, index + 1).join("."))
       setTool(

packages/codemode/src/openapi/spec.ts

@@ -461,9 +461,7 @@ export const operationInput = (
   const fields = [...parameters.value, ...requestBody.value.fields]
 
   const conflicts = new Set(
-    [...Map.groupBy(fields, (field) => field.name)]
-      .filter(([, matches]) => new Set(matches.map((field) => field.location)).size > 1)
-      .map(([name]) => name),
+    [...Map.groupBy(fields, (field) => field.name)].filter(([, matches]) => matches.length > 1).map(([name]) => name),
   )
   const used = new Set<string>()
   return {

packages/codemode/src/stdlib/object.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import {
-  type AstNode,
-  AsyncIteratorSymbol,
-  InterpreterRuntimeError,
-  IteratorSymbol,
-  IteratorSymbols,
-} from "../interpreter/model.js"
-import { containsOpaqueReference } from "../interpreter/references.js"
+import { type AstNode, AsyncIteratorSymbol, InterpreterRuntimeError, IteratorSymbol } from "../interpreter/model.js"
+import { containsOpaqueReference, rejectCircularInsertion } from "../interpreter/references.js"
 import { isBlockedMember } from "../tool-runtime.js"
 import { isCodeModeValue, CodeModePromise } from "../values.js"
 import { boundedData, coerceToString } from "./value.js"
@@ -37,10 +31,6 @@ export const invokeObjectMethod = (name: string, args: Array<unknown>, node: Ast
     }
     return input as Record<string, unknown>
   }
-  const guardedSet = (out: Record<string, unknown>, key: string, item: unknown): void => {
-    if (isBlockedMember(key)) throw new InterpreterRuntimeError(`Property '${key}' is not available.`, node)
-    out[key] = item
-  }
   switch (name) {
     case "keys":
       return Object.keys(requireObject())
@@ -64,14 +54,29 @@ export const invokeObjectMethod = (name: string, args: Array<unknown>, node: Ast
         throw new InterpreterRuntimeError("Object.assign expects a data object target.", node)
       }
       const out = target as Record<string, unknown>
+      const seen = new Set<object>()
+      const guardedSet = (key: PropertyKey, item: unknown): void => {
+        if (typeof key === "string" && isBlockedMember(key))
+          throw new InterpreterRuntimeError(`Property '${key}' is not available.`, node)
+        rejectCircularInsertion(out, item, "Object.assign result", node, seen)
+        if (!Reflect.set(out, key, item))
+          throw new InterpreterRuntimeError(`Object.assign could not assign property '${String(key)}'.`, node).as(
+            "TypeError",
+          )
+      }
       for (const source of args.slice(1)) {
         if (source === null || source === undefined || isCodeModeValue(source)) continue
         if (typeof source !== "object" || Array.isArray(source)) {
           throw new InterpreterRuntimeError("Object.assign expects data objects.", node)
         }
-        for (const [key, item] of Object.entries(source)) guardedSet(out, key, item)
-        for (const symbol of IteratorSymbols) {
-          if (Object.hasOwn(source, symbol)) Reflect.set(out, symbol, Reflect.get(source, symbol))
+        for (const key of Reflect.ownKeys(source)) {
+          if (typeof key === "string") {
+            if (Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) guardedSet(key, Reflect.get(source, key))
+            continue
+          }
+          if (key !== AsyncIteratorSymbol && key !== IteratorSymbol) continue
+          if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue
+          guardedSet(key, Reflect.get(source, key))
         }
       }
       return out

packages/codemode/src/tool-runtime.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
   inputTypeScript,
   outputTypeScript,
 } from "./tool-schema.js"
+import { isNamespace, type Namespace } from "./namespace.js"
 import { isTool, type Tool } from "./tool.js"
 import type { Tools } from "./tools.js"
 import {
@@ -277,6 +278,7 @@ export const copyOut = (value: unknown, mode: CopyOutMode): unknown => {
 // Dots in tool names are namespace separators; the last tool for a canonical path wins.
 type ToolNode<R> = {
   tool?: Tool<R>
+  namespace?: Namespace<R>
   readonly children: Map<string, ToolNode<R>>
 }
 
@@ -292,7 +294,10 @@ const toolTrie = <R>(tools: Tools<R>): ToolNode<R> => {
         current = child
       }
       if (isTool<R>(value)) current.tool = value
-      else insert(current, value)
+      else if (isNamespace<R>(value)) {
+        current.namespace = value
+        insert(current, value.tools)
+      } else insert(current, value)
     }
   }
   insert(root, tools)
@@ -302,29 +307,33 @@ const toolTrie = <R>(tools: Tools<R>): ToolNode<R> => {
 const canonicalSegments = (path: ReadonlyArray<string>): ReadonlyArray<string> =>
   path.flatMap((segment) => segment.split("."))
 
+type VisibleTool<R> = {
+  readonly path: string
+  readonly tool: Tool<R>
+  readonly namespaces: ReadonlyArray<Namespace<R>>
+}
+
 const flattenTools = <R>(
   node: ToolNode<R>,
   path: ReadonlyArray<string> = [],
-): Array<{ path: string; tool: Tool<R> }> => [
-  ...(node.tool === undefined ? [] : [{ path: path.join("."), tool: node.tool }]),
-  ...Array.from(node.children, ([name, child]) => flattenTools(child, [...path, name])).flat(),
-]
+  namespaces: ReadonlyArray<Namespace<R>> = [],
+): Array<VisibleTool<R>> => {
+  const next = node.namespace === undefined ? namespaces : [...namespaces, node.namespace]
+  return [
+    ...(node.tool === undefined ? [] : [{ path: path.join("."), tool: node.tool, namespaces: next }]),
+    ...Array.from(node.children).flatMap(([name, child]) => flattenTools(child, [...path, name], next)),
+  ]
+}
 
-const describeTool = <R>(path: string, tool: Tool<R>): ToolDescription => ({
-  path,
-  description: tool.description,
-  signature: `${toolExpression(path)}(input: ${inputTypeScript(tool, true)}): Promise<${outputTypeScript(tool, true)}>`,
+const describeTool = <R>(visible: VisibleTool<R>): ToolDescription => ({
+  path: visible.path,
+  description: visible.tool.description,
+  signature: `${toolExpression(visible.path)}(input: ${inputTypeScript(visible.tool, true)}): Promise<${outputTypeScript(visible.tool, true)}>`,
 })
 
 // Discovery bytes are durable instructions, so order only after canonical-path collisions settle.
 const visibleTools = <R>(tools: Tools<R>) =>
-  flattenTools(toolTrie(tools))
-    .sort((left, right) => compareText(left.path, right.path))
-    .map(({ path, tool }) => ({
-      path,
-      tool,
-      description: describeTool(path, tool),
-    }))
+  flattenTools(toolTrie(tools)).sort((left, right) => compareText(left.path, right.path))
 
 export type DiscoveryPlan = {
   readonly catalog: ReadonlyArray<ToolDescription>
@@ -420,12 +429,13 @@ export const searchSignature = (() => {
   return `search(input: ${inputTypeScript(tool, true)}): ${outputTypeScript(tool, true)}`
 })()
 
-const toSearchEntry = <R>(path: string, tool: Tool<R>, description: ToolDescription): SearchEntry => ({
-  description,
+const toSearchEntry = <R>(visible: VisibleTool<R>): SearchEntry => ({
+  description: describeTool(visible),
   searchText: [
-    path,
-    tool.description,
-    ...inputProperties(tool).flatMap(({ name, description: property }) =>
+    visible.path,
+    visible.tool.description,
+    ...visible.namespaces.flatMap((namespace) => (namespace.description === undefined ? [] : [namespace.description])),
+    ...inputProperties(visible.tool).flatMap(({ name, description: property }) =>
       property === undefined ? [name] : [name, property],
     ),
   ]
@@ -433,14 +443,13 @@ const toSearchEntry = <R>(path: string, tool: Tool<R>, description: ToolDescript
     .toLowerCase(),
 })
 
-export const searchIndex = <R>(tools: Tools<R>): ReadonlyArray<SearchEntry> =>
-  visibleTools(tools).map(({ path, tool, description }) => toSearchEntry(path, tool, description))
+export const searchIndex = <R>(tools: Tools<R>): ReadonlyArray<SearchEntry> => visibleTools(tools).map(toSearchEntry)
 
 export const prepare = <R>(tools: Tools<R>): DiscoveryPlan => {
   const visible = visibleTools(tools)
   return {
-    catalog: visible.map(({ description }) => description),
-    searchIndex: visible.map(({ path, tool, description }) => toSearchEntry(path, tool, description)),
+    catalog: visible.map(describeTool),
+    searchIndex: visible.map(toSearchEntry),
   }
 }
 

packages/codemode/src/tool-schema.ts

@@ -63,8 +63,18 @@ const docTags = (schema: JsonSchema): Array<string> => {
     } catch {}
   }
   if (typeof schema.format === "string") tags.push(`@format ${schema.format}`)
+  if (schema.type === "integer") tags.push("@integer")
+  if (typeof schema.minimum === "number") tags.push(`@minimum ${schema.minimum}`)
+  if (typeof schema.maximum === "number") tags.push(`@maximum ${schema.maximum}`)
+  if (typeof schema.exclusiveMinimum === "number") tags.push(`@exclusiveMinimum ${schema.exclusiveMinimum}`)
+  if (typeof schema.exclusiveMaximum === "number") tags.push(`@exclusiveMaximum ${schema.exclusiveMaximum}`)
+  if (typeof schema.multipleOf === "number") tags.push(`@multipleOf ${schema.multipleOf}`)
+  if (typeof schema.minLength === "number") tags.push(`@minLength ${schema.minLength}`)
+  if (typeof schema.maxLength === "number") tags.push(`@maxLength ${schema.maxLength}`)
+  if (typeof schema.pattern === "string") tags.push(`@pattern ${schema.pattern}`)
   if (typeof schema.minItems === "number") tags.push(`@minItems ${schema.minItems}`)
   if (typeof schema.maxItems === "number") tags.push(`@maxItems ${schema.maxItems}`)
+  if (schema.uniqueItems === true) tags.push("@uniqueItems true")
   return tags
 }
 
@@ -127,8 +137,8 @@ const renderSchema = (
     ])
   }
   if (schema.allOf) {
-    const members = schema.allOf.map((item) => renderSchema(item, nested, depth + 1, seen))
     if (schema.allOf.some((item) => hasUnresolvedRef(item, nested.definitions))) return "unknown"
+    const members = schema.allOf.map((item) => renderSchema(item, nested, depth + 1, seen))
     return intersection([renderSchema({ ...schema, allOf: undefined }, nested, depth + 1, seen), ...members])
   }
   if (Array.isArray(schema.type)) {
@@ -180,7 +190,7 @@ export const toTypeScript = (schema: Schema.Top, decoded = false, pretty = false
 
 export const jsonSchemaToTypeScript = (schema: JsonSchema, pretty = false): string => {
   try {
-    return renderSchema(schema, { definitions: { ...(schema.definitions ?? {}), ...(schema.$defs ?? {}) }, pretty })
+    return renderSchema(schema, { definitions: {}, pretty })
   } catch {
     return "unknown"
   }

packages/codemode/src/tool.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
+import type { Namespace } from "./namespace.js"
+import type { Tools } from "./tools.js"
 
 /**
  * JSON Schema subset for model-visible signatures. CodeMode does not validate values against
@@ -19,8 +21,17 @@ export type JsonSchema = {
   readonly default?: unknown
   readonly format?: string
   readonly deprecated?: boolean
+  readonly minimum?: number
+  readonly maximum?: number
+  readonly exclusiveMinimum?: number
+  readonly exclusiveMaximum?: number
+  readonly multipleOf?: number
+  readonly minLength?: number
+  readonly maxLength?: number
+  readonly pattern?: string
   readonly minItems?: number
   readonly maxItems?: number
+  readonly uniqueItems?: boolean
   readonly $ref?: string
   readonly $defs?: Readonly<Record<string, JsonSchema>>
   readonly definitions?: Readonly<Record<string, JsonSchema>>
@@ -50,13 +61,8 @@ export type Options<I extends SchemaType, O extends SchemaType | undefined, R =
   readonly execute: (input: InputType<I>) => Effect.Effect<ResultType<O>, unknown, R>
 }
 
-// Object.hasOwn: an inherited _tag must not classify a namespace as a Tool.
-export const isTool = <R = never>(value: unknown): value is Tool<R> =>
-  typeof value === "object" &&
-  value !== null &&
-  "_tag" in value &&
-  Object.hasOwn(value, "_tag") &&
-  value._tag === "CodeModeTool"
+export const isTool = <R = never>(value: Tool<R> | Namespace<R> | Tools<R> | undefined): value is Tool<R> =>
+  value !== undefined && Object.hasOwn(value, "_tag") && value._tag === "CodeModeTool"
 
 /**
  * Declares one schema-described tool available to a CodeMode program through `tools.*`.

packages/codemode/src/tools.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+import type { Namespace } from "./namespace.js"
 import type { Tool } from "./tool.js"
 
 export type Tools<R = never> = {
-  readonly [name: string]: Tool<R> | Tools<R>
+  readonly [name: string]: Tool<R> | Namespace<R> | Tools<R>
 }

packages/codemode/test/openapi.test.ts

@@ -25,8 +25,12 @@ const happyPathSpec = async (): Promise<Document> => {
 const isRecord = (value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> =>
   typeof value === "object" && value !== null && !Array.isArray(value)
 
-const toolAt = (tools: unknown, name: string) =>
-  name.split(".").reduce<unknown>((current, segment) => (isRecord(current) ? current[segment] : undefined), tools)
+const toolAt = (tools: OpenAPI.Tools, name: string) =>
+  name
+    .split(".")
+    .reduce<
+      Tool.Tool<HttpClient.HttpClient> | OpenAPI.Tools | undefined
+    >((current, segment) => (current !== undefined && !Tool.isTool(current) ? current[segment] : undefined), tools)
 
 const recordingClient = (respond: (request: HttpClientRequest.HttpClientRequest) => Response) => {
   const requests: Array<Recorded> = []
@@ -278,6 +282,30 @@ describe("OpenAPI.fromSpec", () => {
     expect(Tool.isTool(toolAt(result.tools, "group.operation.other"))).toBe(true)
   })
 
+  test("does not reserve names for unsupported operations between duplicate operation IDs", () => {
+    const operation = { operationId: "group.item", responses: { 200: { description: "Success" } } }
+    for (const unsupported of [false, true]) {
+      const result = OpenAPI.fromSpec({
+        baseUrl,
+        spec: {
+          openapi: "3.1.0",
+          paths: {
+            "/first": { get: operation },
+            ...(unsupported ? { "/unsupported": { get: { ...operation, "x-websocket": true } } } : {}),
+            "/last": { get: operation },
+          },
+        },
+      })
+
+      expect(Object.keys(result.tools)).toEqual(["group", "group_item_2"])
+      expect(toolAt(result.tools, "group.item")).toMatchObject({ _tag: "CodeModeTool", description: "GET /first" })
+      expect(toolAt(result.tools, "group_item_2")).toMatchObject({ _tag: "CodeModeTool", description: "GET /last" })
+      expect(result.skipped).toEqual(
+        unsupported ? [{ method: "GET", path: "/unsupported", reason: "WebSocket operations are not supported" }] : [],
+      )
+    }
+  })
+
   test("synthesizes flat operation IDs from methods and paths", () => {
     const response = { responses: { 200: { description: "Success" } } }
     const tools = OpenAPI.fromSpec({
@@ -315,7 +343,10 @@ describe("OpenAPI.fromSpec", () => {
               parameters: [{ name: "limit", in: "query", schema: { type: "string" } }],
               get: {
                 operationId: "test",
-                parameters: [{ name: "limit", in: "query", required: true, schema: { type: "number" } }],
+                parameters: [
+                  { name: "limit", in: "query", schema: { type: "boolean" } },
+                  { name: "limit", in: "query", required: true, schema: { type: "number" } },
+                ],
                 responses: { 200: { description: "Success" } },
               },
             },
@@ -948,7 +979,7 @@ describe("OpenAPI.fromSpec", () => {
     expect(spec.security).toStrictEqual([])
     expect(isRecord(components.securitySchemes) ? Object.keys(components.securitySchemes) : []).toStrictEqual([])
     const health = toolAt(result.tools, "v2.health.get")
-    const healthInput = isRecord(health) ? health.input : undefined
+    const healthInput = Tool.isTool(health) && isRecord(health.input) ? health.input : undefined
     expect(healthInput).toMatchObject({ type: "object", properties: {} })
     const input = isRecord(healthInput) ? healthInput : {}
     expect(Object.keys(isRecord(input.properties) ? input.properties : {})).toStrictEqual([])

packages/codemode/test/signature.test.ts

@@ -139,6 +139,81 @@ describe("pretty signature rendering", () => {
     expect(pretty).toBe(["{", "  size?: number,", "}"].join("\n"))
   })
 
+  test.each([
+    [{ type: "number", minimum: 0 }, "@minimum 0", "number"],
+    [{ type: "number", maximum: 0 }, "@maximum 0", "number"],
+    [{ type: "number", exclusiveMinimum: 0 }, "@exclusiveMinimum 0", "number"],
+    [{ type: "number", exclusiveMaximum: 0 }, "@exclusiveMaximum 0", "number"],
+    [{ type: "number", multipleOf: 0.25 }, "@multipleOf 0.25", "number"],
+    [{ type: "string", minLength: 0 }, "@minLength 0", "string"],
+    [{ type: "string", maxLength: 0 }, "@maxLength 0", "string"],
+    [{ type: "string", pattern: "^[a-z]+$" }, "@pattern ^[a-z]+$", "string"],
+    [{ type: "array", minItems: 0 }, "@minItems 0", "Array<unknown>"],
+    [{ type: "array", maxItems: 0 }, "@maxItems 0", "Array<unknown>"],
+    [{ type: "array", uniqueItems: true }, "@uniqueItems true", "Array<unknown>"],
+  ] as const)("renders constraint %j without changing the compact type", (value, tag, type) => {
+    const schema = { type: "object", properties: { value } }
+    expect(jsonSchemaToTypeScript(schema, true)).toBe(["{", `  /** ${tag} */`, `  value?: ${type},`, "}"].join("\n"))
+    expect(jsonSchemaToTypeScript(schema)).toBe(`{ value?: ${type} }`)
+  })
+
+  test("documents integer numbers without adding redundant types or requiring uniqueness when false", () => {
+    expect(
+      jsonSchemaToTypeScript(
+        {
+          type: "object",
+          properties: {
+            count: { type: "integer" },
+            amount: { type: "number" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+            enabled: { type: "boolean" },
+            values: { type: "array", uniqueItems: false },
+            choice: { type: ["integer", "string"] },
+          },
+        },
+        true,
+      ),
+    ).toBe(
+      [
+        "{",
+        "  /** @integer */",
+        "  count?: number,",
+        "  amount?: number,",
+        "  name?: string,",
+        "  enabled?: boolean,",
+        "  values?: Array<unknown>,",
+        "  choice?: number | string,",
+        "}",
+      ].join("\n"),
+    )
+  })
+
+  test.each([false, null, ""])("preserves default %j alongside constraint tags", (value) => {
+    expect(jsonSchemaToTypeScript({ properties: { value: { default: value, minLength: 0 } } }, true)).toContain(
+      `   * @default ${JSON.stringify(value)}\n   * @minLength 0\n`,
+    )
+  })
+
+  test("escapes comment terminators in tag values", () => {
+    expect(
+      jsonSchemaToTypeScript(
+        { properties: { value: { type: "string", default: "*/", format: "*/", pattern: "^a*/b$" } } },
+        true,
+      ),
+    ).toBe(
+      [
+        "{",
+        "  /**",
+        '   * @default "* /"',
+        "   * @format * /",
+        "   * @pattern ^a* /b$",
+        "   */",
+        "  value?: string,",
+        "}",
+      ].join("\n"),
+    )
+  })
+
   test("neutralizes */ inside descriptions so nothing closes the comment early", () => {
     const pretty = jsonSchemaToTypeScript(
       { type: "object", properties: { note: { type: "string", description: "Ends */ early" } } },
@@ -216,6 +291,35 @@ describe("pretty signature rendering", () => {
   })
 })
 
+describe("JSON Schema definition scope", () => {
+  test.each(["definitions", "$defs"])("resolves root %s and lets $defs take precedence", (key) => {
+    const schema = { $ref: `#/${key}/Value`, [key]: { Value: { type: "string" } } }
+    expect(jsonSchemaToTypeScript(schema)).toBe("string")
+    expect(jsonSchemaToTypeScript(schema, true)).toBe("string")
+
+    const overridden = { ...schema, $defs: { Value: { type: "number" } } }
+    expect(jsonSchemaToTypeScript(overridden)).toBe("number")
+    expect(jsonSchemaToTypeScript(overridden, true)).toBe("number")
+  })
+
+  test.each(["definitions", "$defs"])("nested %s shadow inherited definitions without affecting siblings", (key) => {
+    const schema = {
+      type: "object",
+      definitions: { Inherited: { type: "string" } },
+      $defs: { Value: { type: "number" } },
+      properties: {
+        nested: { $ref: `#/${key}/Value`, [key]: { Value: { type: "boolean" } } },
+        inherited: { $ref: "#/definitions/Inherited" },
+        sibling: { $ref: "#/$defs/Value" },
+      },
+    }
+    expect(jsonSchemaToTypeScript(schema)).toBe("{ nested?: boolean; inherited?: string; sibling?: number }")
+    expect(jsonSchemaToTypeScript(schema, true)).toBe(
+      ["{", "  nested?: boolean,", "  inherited?: string,", "  sibling?: number,", "}"].join("\n"),
+    )
+  })
+})
+
 describe("non-identifier property names render as quoted keys", () => {
   // MCP-style schemas routinely carry property names that are not bare TS identifiers
   // (`foo-bar`, `@type`, dotted names); the rendered signature must quote them so the
@@ -315,33 +419,100 @@ describe("union schemas render every alternative", () => {
     expect(outputTypeScript(tool)).toBe("number | boolean")
   })
 
-  test("allOf renders intersections with parenthesized union members", () => {
+  test("allOf keeps siblings and parenthesized union members in order", () => {
     const schema = {
+      properties: { common: { type: "boolean" } },
       allOf: [{ type: "object", properties: { id: { type: "string" } } }, { type: ["string", "null"] }],
     } as const
-    expect(jsonSchemaToTypeScript(schema)).toBe("{ id?: string } & (string | null)")
+    expect(jsonSchemaToTypeScript(schema)).toBe("{ common?: boolean } & { id?: string } & (string | null)")
+    expect(jsonSchemaToTypeScript(schema, true)).toBe(
+      ["{", "    common?: boolean,", "  } & {", "    id?: string,", "  } & (string | null)"].join("\n"),
+    )
   })
 
-  test("allOf does not discard an unresolved constraint", () => {
-    expect(jsonSchemaToTypeScript({ allOf: [{ type: "string" }, { $ref: "https://example.com/external.json" }] })).toBe(
-      "unknown",
-    )
+  test.each([false, true])("allOf does not discard an unresolved constraint (pretty=%s)", (pretty) => {
+    for (const $ref of ["#/$defs/Missing", "#/definitions/Missing", "https://example.com/external.json"]) {
+      expect(jsonSchemaToTypeScript({ allOf: [{ type: "string" }, { $ref }] }, pretty)).toBe("unknown")
+      expect(jsonSchemaToTypeScript({ allOf: [{ type: "string" }, { allOf: [{ $ref }] }] }, pretty)).toBe("unknown")
+      expect(
+        jsonSchemaToTypeScript({ allOf: [{ properties: { nested: { $ref } } }, { type: "string" }] }, pretty),
+      ).toBe("unknown")
+    }
     expect(
-      jsonSchemaToTypeScript({
-        allOf: [{ type: "string" }, { allOf: [{ $ref: "https://example.com/external.json" }] }],
-      }),
-    ).toBe("unknown")
-    expect(
-      jsonSchemaToTypeScript({
-        type: "string",
-        allOf: [{ $ref: "#/$defs/Constraint" }],
-        $defs: { Constraint: { description: "TypeScript-neutral constraint" } },
-      }),
+      jsonSchemaToTypeScript(
+        {
+          type: "string",
+          allOf: [{ $ref: "#/$defs/Constraint" }],
+          $defs: { Constraint: { description: "TypeScript-neutral constraint" } },
+        },
+        pretty,
+      ),
     ).toBe("string")
   })
 })
 
 describe("JSDoc signatures in catalogs and search results", () => {
+  test.each([
+    {
+      source: "JSON Schema",
+      schema: {
+        type: "object",
+        properties: {
+          count: { type: "integer", minimum: 0, maximum: 10 },
+          name: { type: "string", minLength: 1, maxLength: 20, pattern: "^[a-z]+$" },
+          labels: { type: "array", items: { type: "string" }, minItems: 1, maxItems: 5 },
+        },
+        required: ["count", "name", "labels"],
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      source: "Effect",
+      schema: Schema.Struct({
+        count: Schema.Int.check(Schema.isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(0), Schema.isLessThanOrEqualTo(10)),
+        name: Schema.String.check(Schema.isMinLength(1), Schema.isMaxLength(20), Schema.isPattern(/^[a-z]+$/)),
+        labels: Schema.Array(Schema.String).check(Schema.isMinLength(1), Schema.isMaxLength(5)),
+      }),
+    },
+  ])("$source constraints survive input/output catalog and search signatures", async ({ schema }) => {
+    const runtime = CodeMode.make({
+      tools: {
+        constrained: Tool.make({
+          description: "Constrained tool",
+          input: schema,
+          output: schema,
+          execute: () => Effect.succeed({ count: 1, name: "test", labels: ["test"] }),
+        }),
+      },
+    })
+    const type = [
+      "{",
+      "  /**",
+      "   * @integer",
+      "   * @minimum 0",
+      "   * @maximum 10",
+      "   */",
+      "  count: number,",
+      "  /**",
+      "   * @minLength 1",
+      "   * @maxLength 20",
+      "   * @pattern ^[a-z]+$",
+      "   */",
+      "  name: string,",
+      "  /**",
+      "   * @minItems 1",
+      "   * @maxItems 5",
+      "   */",
+      "  labels: Array<string>,",
+      "}",
+    ].join("\n")
+    const signature = `tools.constrained(input: ${type}): Promise<${type}>`
+    expect(runtime.catalog()[0]?.signature).toBe(signature)
+    const result = await Effect.runPromise(runtime.execute('return search({ query: "tools.constrained" })'))
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(true)
+    if (!result.ok) throw new Error("search failed")
+    expect(result.value).toMatchObject({ items: [{ signature }] })
+  })
+
   const runtime = CodeMode.make({ tools: { github: { list_issues: listIssues }, orders: { lookup: lookupOrder } } })
 
   const search = async (query: string) => {

packages/codemode/test/stdlib.test.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
 import { CodeMode, Tool } from "../src/index.js"
+import { AsyncIteratorSymbol, IteratorSymbol } from "../src/interpreter/model.js"
+import { invokeObjectMethod } from "../src/stdlib/object.js"
 
 // Standard-library value types: Date, RegExp, Map, Set. Programs use them as ordinary JS;
 // intra-CodeMode checkpoints (Object.* helpers, spread, coercion inputs) preserve the live
@@ -824,6 +826,174 @@ describe("stdlib integration", () => {
     expect(await value(`try { Object.assign(null, { a: 1 }); return false } catch { return true }`)).toBe(true)
   })
 
+  test("Object.assign ignores non-enumerable supported symbols without reading them", () => {
+    const target = {}
+    const reads: Array<boolean> = []
+    const source = Object.defineProperty({}, IteratorSymbol, {
+      get() {
+        reads.push(true)
+        return target
+      },
+    })
+    expect(invokeObjectMethod("assign", [target, source], { type: "CallExpression" })).toBe(target)
+    expect(reads).toEqual([])
+    expect(Object.hasOwn(target, IteratorSymbol)).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  test("Object.assign ignores nested non-enumerable supported symbols during cycle checks", () => {
+    const target = {}
+    const reads: Array<boolean> = []
+    const nested = Object.defineProperty({}, IteratorSymbol, {
+      get() {
+        reads.push(true)
+        return target
+      },
+    })
+    expect(invokeObjectMethod("assign", [target, { nested }], { type: "CallExpression" })).toBe(target)
+    expect(reads).toEqual([])
+    expect(target).toEqual({ nested })
+  })
+
+  test("Object.assign rejects cycles through supported symbols on nested arrays", () => {
+    const target = {}
+    const nested = Object.defineProperty([], IteratorSymbol, { enumerable: true, value: target })
+    expect(() => invokeObjectMethod("assign", [target, { nested }], { type: "CallExpression" })).toThrow(
+      "Object.assign result contains a circular value.",
+    )
+    expect(Object.hasOwn(target, "nested")).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  test("Object.assign cycle checks traverse sparse keys lazily", () => {
+    const target = {}
+    const reads: Array<boolean> = []
+    const nested = Object.defineProperties([], {
+      4294967294: { enumerable: true, value: target },
+      later: {
+        enumerable: true,
+        get() {
+          reads.push(true)
+          return null
+        },
+      },
+    })
+    expect(() => invokeObjectMethod("assign", [target, { nested }], { type: "CallExpression" })).toThrow(
+      "Object.assign result contains a circular value.",
+    )
+    expect(reads).toEqual([])
+  })
+
+  test("Object.assign stops after a supported symbol write fails", () => {
+    const previous = () => ({ done: true })
+    const target = Object.defineProperty({}, IteratorSymbol, { value: previous })
+    const reads: Array<boolean> = []
+    const source = Object.defineProperties(
+      {},
+      {
+        [IteratorSymbol]: { enumerable: true, value: () => ({ done: false }) },
+        [AsyncIteratorSymbol]: {
+          enumerable: true,
+          get() {
+            reads.push(true)
+            return () => ({ done: true })
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    )
+    expect(() => invokeObjectMethod("assign", [target, source], { type: "CallExpression" })).toThrow(
+      "Object.assign could not assign property",
+    )
+    expect(Reflect.get(target, IteratorSymbol)).toBe(previous)
+    expect(reads).toEqual([])
+  })
+
+  test("Object.assign rejects direct and nested cycles", async () => {
+    expect(
+      await value(`
+        const target = { kept: true }
+        try { Object.assign(target, { self: target }) } catch { return target }
+        return null
+      `),
+    ).toEqual({ kept: true })
+    expect(
+      await value(`
+        const target = { kept: true }
+        const nested = { target }
+        try { Object.assign(target, { nested }) } catch { return target }
+        return null
+      `),
+    ).toEqual({ kept: true })
+    expect(
+      await value(`
+        const target = {}
+        const source = {}
+        source[Symbol.iterator] = target
+        try { Object.assign(target, source) } catch { return Object.hasOwn(target, Symbol.iterator) }
+        return true
+      `),
+    ).toBe(false)
+    expect(
+      await value(`
+        const target = {}
+        const nested = {}
+        nested[Symbol.iterator] = target
+        try { Object.assign(target, { nested }) } catch { return Object.hasOwn(target, "nested") }
+        return true
+      `),
+    ).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  test("Object.assign preserves mutations before a circular field", async () => {
+    expect(
+      await value(`
+        const target = {}
+        try { Object.assign(target, { before: 1, cycle: { target }, after: 2 }) } catch { return target }
+        return null
+      `),
+    ).toEqual({ before: 1 })
+    expect(
+      await value(`
+        const target = {}
+        const marker = {}
+        const source = {}
+        source[Symbol.iterator] = marker
+        source[Symbol.asyncIterator] = target
+        try { Object.assign(target, source) } catch {
+          return [target[Symbol.iterator] === marker, Object.hasOwn(target, Symbol.asyncIterator)]
+        }
+        return null
+      `),
+    ).toEqual([true, false])
+  })
+
+  test("Object.assign preserves target identity and acyclic shared aliases", async () => {
+    expect(
+      await value(`
+        const shared = { count: 1 }
+        const target = {}
+        const result = Object.assign(target, { left: shared, right: shared })
+        result.left.count = 2
+        return [result === target, result.left === shared, result.left === result.right, shared.count]
+      `),
+    ).toEqual([true, true, true, 2])
+  })
+
+  test("Object.assign traverses shared aliases once", () => {
+    const reads: Array<boolean> = []
+    const shared = Object.defineProperty({}, "value", {
+      enumerable: true,
+      get() {
+        reads.push(true)
+        return 1
+      },
+    })
+    const target = {}
+    expect(invokeObjectMethod("assign", [target, { left: shared, right: shared }], { type: "CallExpression" })).toBe(
+      target,
+    )
+    expect(target).toEqual({ left: shared, right: shared })
+    expect(reads).toEqual([true])
+  })
+
   test("assignment resolves and reads its left side before evaluating the right side", async () => {
     expect(await value(`let x = 1; x += (x = 5); return x`)).toBe(6)
     expect(await value(`let i = 0; const values = [9]; values[i++] = i; return [values, i]`)).toEqual([[1], 1])

packages/codemode/test/tool-paths.test.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
-import { CodeMode, Tool } from "../src/index.js"
+import { CodeMode, Namespace, Tool } from "../src/index.js"
 
 const echo = (description: string, result: string) =>
   Tool.make({
@@ -177,6 +177,48 @@ describe("blocked member names on tool paths", () => {
   })
 })
 
+describe("namespace metadata", () => {
+  const tools = {
+    api: Namespace.make({
+      description: "Manage the workspace",
+      tools: {
+        users: Namespace.make({
+          description: "Directory and account administration",
+          tools: { list: echo("List users", "users") },
+        }),
+        status: echo("Read service status", "ok"),
+      },
+    }),
+    plain: { read: echo("Read plain data", "plain") },
+  }
+  const runtime = CodeMode.make({ tools })
+
+  test("the wrapper does not add a segment to callable paths", async () => {
+    expect(runtime.catalog().map((tool) => tool.path)).toEqual(["api.status", "api.users.list", "plain.read"])
+    expect(await value(runtime, `return await tools.api.users.list({})`)).toBe("users")
+  })
+
+  test("search matches descriptions from every enclosing namespace", async () => {
+    const workspace = await value(runtime, `return search({ query: "workspace" })`)
+    expect((workspace as { items: Array<{ path: string }> }).items.map((item) => item.path)).toEqual([
+      "tools.api.status",
+      "tools.api.users.list",
+    ])
+
+    const directory = await value(runtime, `return search({ query: "account administration" })`)
+    expect((directory as { items: Array<{ path: string }> }).items.map((item) => item.path)).toEqual([
+      "tools.api.users.list",
+    ])
+  })
+
+  test("a namespace description is optional", async () => {
+    const optional = CodeMode.make({
+      tools: { api: Namespace.make({ tools: { read: echo("Read data", "read") } }) },
+    })
+    expect(await value(optional, `return await tools.api.read({})`)).toBe("read")
+  })
+})
+
 describe("empty segments", () => {
   test("tool names with empty segments are rejected at make", () => {
     for (const name of ["", "a..b", "trail.", ".lead"]) {

packages/core/src/codemode/catalog.ts

@@ -1,22 +1,29 @@
 export * as CodeModeCatalog from "./catalog.js"
 
+import type { Namespace } from "@opencode-ai/schema/tool"
 import { Schema } from "effect"
 
-export const Entry = Schema.Struct({
+export const Tool = Schema.Struct({
   path: Schema.String,
   description: Schema.String,
   signature: Schema.String,
   pinned: Schema.optionalKey(Schema.Boolean),
 })
-export type Entry = typeof Entry.Type
+export type Tool = typeof Tool.Type
+
+export type Inventory = {
+  readonly tools: ReadonlyArray<Tool>
+  readonly namespaces?: ReadonlyMap<string, Namespace>
+}
 
 const Listing = Schema.Struct({
   path: Schema.String,
   line: Schema.String,
 })
 
-const Namespace = Schema.Struct({
+const NamespaceSummary = Schema.Struct({
   name: Schema.String,
+  description: Schema.optionalKey(Schema.String),
   count: Schema.Number,
   entries: Schema.Array(Listing),
 })
@@ -24,24 +31,30 @@ const Namespace = Schema.Struct({
 export const Summary = Schema.Struct({
   total: Schema.Number,
   shown: Schema.Number,
-  namespaces: Schema.Array(Namespace),
+  namespaces: Schema.Array(NamespaceSummary),
 })
 export type Summary = typeof Summary.Type
 
+export type Options = {
+  readonly budget?: number
+}
+
 const DESCRIPTION_LIMIT = 120
 const CHARACTERS_PER_TOKEN = 4
 const INLINE_BUDGET = 2_000
 
-// Keep every namespace searchable, then select full listings one per namespace per round,
+// Keep every namespace visible, then select full listings one per namespace per round,
 // considering shorter listings first until the inline budget is exhausted.
-export function summarize(entries: ReadonlyArray<Entry>, budget = INLINE_BUDGET): Summary {
-  const namespaces = [...Map.groupBy(entries, (entry) => entry.path.split(".", 1)[0] ?? entry.path)]
+export function summarize(inventory: Inventory, options: Options = {}): Summary {
+  const budget = options.budget ?? INLINE_BUDGET
+  const namespaces = [...Map.groupBy(inventory.tools, (tool) => tool.path.split(".", 1)[0] ?? tool.path)]
     .sort(([left], [right]) => {
       if (left < right) return -1
       if (left > right) return 1
       return 0
     })
     .map(([name, namespaceEntries]) => {
+      const description = inventory.namespaces?.get(name)?.description
       const listings = namespaceEntries
         .map((entry) => {
           const firstLine = entry.description.split("\n", 1)[0]?.trim() ?? ""
@@ -64,6 +77,7 @@ export function summarize(entries: ReadonlyArray<Entry>, budget = INLINE_BUDGET)
       )
       return {
         name,
+        ...(description === undefined ? {} : { description }),
         listings,
         selectionOrder: ranked.filter((candidate) => !pinned.has(candidate.listing)),
         selectedListings: pinned,
@@ -72,11 +86,25 @@ export function summarize(entries: ReadonlyArray<Entry>, budget = INLINE_BUDGET)
     })
 
   const active = new Set(namespaces)
+  // TODO: Bound namespace discovery once large namespace inventories and descriptions can no longer stay inline.
   let remaining =
     budget -
+    namespaces.reduce(
+      (total, namespace) =>
+        total +
+        cost(
+          namespaceLine({
+            name: namespace.name,
+            ...(namespace.description === undefined ? {} : { description: namespace.description }),
+            count: namespace.listings.length,
+            entries: [],
+          }),
+        ),
+      0,
+    ) -
     namespaces
       .flatMap((namespace) => namespace.listings.filter((listing) => namespace.selectedListings.has(listing)))
-      .reduce((total, listing) => total + Math.round(listing.line.length / CHARACTERS_PER_TOKEN), 0)
+      .reduce((total, listing) => total + cost(listing.line), 0)
   while (active.size > 0) {
     for (const namespace of active) {
       const candidate = namespace.selectionOrder[namespace.selectionIndex]
@@ -93,19 +121,31 @@ export function summarize(entries: ReadonlyArray<Entry>, budget = INLINE_BUDGET)
 
   const namespaceSummaries = namespaces.map((namespace) => ({
     name: namespace.name,
+    ...(namespace.description === undefined ? {} : { description: namespace.description }),
     count: namespace.listings.length,
     entries: namespace.listings.filter((listing) => namespace.selectedListings.has(listing)),
   }))
   return {
-    total: entries.length,
+    total: inventory.tools.length,
     shown: namespaceSummaries.reduce((total, namespace) => total + namespace.entries.length, 0),
     namespaces: namespaceSummaries,
   }
 }
 
+export function namespaceLine(namespace: typeof NamespaceSummary.Type) {
+  const count = namespace.count === 1 ? "1 tool" : `${namespace.count} tools`
+  const label =
+    namespace.entries.length === namespace.count
+      ? count
+      : namespace.entries.length === 0
+        ? `${count}, none shown`
+        : `${count}, ${namespace.entries.length} shown`
+  return `- ${namespace.name} (${label})${namespace.description === undefined ? "" : ` // ${namespace.description}`}`
+}
+
 function rankListings(listings: ReadonlyArray<typeof Listing.Type>) {
   return listings
-    .map((listing) => ({ listing, cost: Math.round(listing.line.length / CHARACTERS_PER_TOKEN) }))
+    .map((listing) => ({ listing, cost: cost(listing.line) }))
     .toSorted((left, right) => {
       if (left.cost !== right.cost) return left.cost - right.cost
       if (left.listing.path < right.listing.path) return -1
@@ -113,3 +153,7 @@ function rankListings(listings: ReadonlyArray<typeof Listing.Type>) {
       return 0
     })
 }
+
+function cost(text: string) {
+  return Math.round(text.length / CHARACTERS_PER_TOKEN)
+}

packages/core/src/codemode/instructions.ts

@@ -23,14 +23,7 @@ export function render(catalog: CodeModeCatalog.Summary) {
     return "No Code Mode tools are currently available. Later Code Mode catalog updates may add or remove tools. Do not call `execute` unless there is at least one available Code Mode tool."
 
   const tools = catalog.namespaces.flatMap((namespace) => {
-    const count = namespace.count === 1 ? "1 tool" : `${namespace.count} tools`
-    const label =
-      namespace.entries.length === namespace.count
-        ? count
-        : namespace.entries.length === 0
-          ? `${count}, none shown`
-          : `${count}, ${namespace.entries.length} shown`
-    return [`- ${namespace.name} (${label})`, ...namespace.entries.map((entry) => entry.line)]
+    return [CodeModeCatalog.namespaceLine(namespace), ...namespace.entries.map((entry) => entry.line)]
   })
 
   return `${prompt(catalog.shown < catalog.total)}
@@ -47,6 +40,15 @@ ${render(current)}`
   const currentComplete = current.shown === current.total
   if (previousComplete !== currentComplete) return replacement
 
+  const descriptions = Instructions.diffByKey(
+    previous.namespaces.filter((namespace) => namespace.description !== undefined),
+    current.namespaces.filter((namespace) => namespace.description !== undefined),
+    (namespace) => namespace.name,
+    (before, after) => before.description !== after.description,
+  )
+  if (descriptions.added.length > 0 || descriptions.removed.length > 0 || descriptions.changed.length > 0)
+    return replacement
+
   const diff = Instructions.diffByKey(
     previous.namespaces.flatMap((namespace) => namespace.entries),
     current.namespaces.flatMap((namespace) => namespace.entries),
@@ -126,8 +128,8 @@ ${render(current)}`
 const key = Instructions.Key.make("core/codemode")
 const codec = Schema.toCodecJson(CodeModeCatalog.Summary)
 
-export const make = (entries?: ReadonlyArray<CodeModeCatalog.Entry>): Instructions.List => {
-  const catalog = entries === undefined ? Instructions.removed : CodeModeCatalog.summarize(entries)
+export const make = (inventory?: CodeModeCatalog.Inventory): Instructions.List => {
+  const catalog = inventory === undefined ? Instructions.removed : CodeModeCatalog.summarize(inventory)
   return Instructions.make({
     key,
     codec,

packages/core/src/codemode/tool.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,18 @@
 export * as CodeModeTool from "./tool.js"
 
-import { CodeMode, Tool, toolError } from "@opencode-ai/codemode"
-import type { Content, Context, Error, Info, Metadata, Result } from "@opencode-ai/schema/tool"
+import { CodeMode, Namespace, Tool, toolError } from "@opencode-ai/codemode"
+import type {
+  Content,
+  Context,
+  Error,
+  Info,
+  Metadata,
+  Namespace as ToolNamespace,
+  Result,
+} from "@opencode-ai/schema/tool"
 import { Effect, Ref, Schema, Semaphore } from "effect"
 import { definition, normalizedName } from "../tool/runtime.js"
+import { CodeModeCatalog } from "./catalog.js"
 
 const ExecuteFile = Schema.Struct({
   data: Schema.String,
@@ -31,6 +40,21 @@ type CollectedFiles = {
   readonly files: Array<typeof ExecuteFile.Type>
 }
 
+type ToolNode = {
+  tool?: Tool.Tool<never>
+  namespace?: ToolNamespace
+  readonly children: Map<string, ToolNode>
+}
+
+type Tools = {
+  [name: string]: Tool.Tool<never> | Namespace.Namespace<never> | Tools
+}
+
+export type Inventory = {
+  readonly tools: ReadonlyMap<string, Info>
+  readonly namespaces?: ReadonlyMap<string, ToolNamespace>
+}
+
 // Invariant model-facing guidance; the changing tool catalog is delivered through Instructions.
 const description = [
   "Run JavaScript in a confined Code Mode runtime to orchestrate tool calls and compose their results.",
@@ -42,7 +66,7 @@ const description = [
 ].join("\n")
 
 export const create = (
-  registrations: ReadonlyMap<string, Info>,
+  inventory: Inventory,
   executeTool: (name: string, tool: Info, input: unknown, context: Context) => Effect.Effect<Result, Error>,
 ) => {
   return {
@@ -61,7 +85,7 @@ export const create = (
             Ref.updateAndGet(calls, update).pipe(Effect.flatMap((toolCalls) => context.progress({ toolCalls }))),
           )
         const result = yield* runtime(
-          registrations,
+          inventory,
           (name, tool, input) =>
             Effect.gen(function* () {
               const index = yield* Ref.getAndUpdate(callIndex, (index) => index + 1)
@@ -132,36 +156,95 @@ export const create = (
   } satisfies Info
 }
 
-export const catalog = (registrations: ReadonlyMap<string, Info>) => {
+export const catalog = (inventory: Inventory) => {
   const pinned = new Set(
-    Array.from(registrations.values())
+    Array.from(inventory.tools.values())
       .filter((registration) => registration.options?.pinned === true)
       .map(qualifiedName),
   )
-  return runtime(registrations, () => Effect.fail(toolError("Execute context is unavailable")))
-    .catalog()
-    .map((entry) => ({ ...entry, pinned: pinned.has(entry.path) }))
+  return {
+    tools: runtime(inventory, () => Effect.fail(toolError("Execute context is unavailable")))
+      .catalog()
+      .map((tool) => ({ ...tool, pinned: pinned.has(tool.path) })),
+    ...(inventory.namespaces === undefined ? {} : { namespaces: inventory.namespaces }),
+  } satisfies CodeModeCatalog.Inventory
 }
 
 function runtime(
-  registrations: ReadonlyMap<string, Info>,
+  inventory: Inventory,
   executeTool: (name: string, tool: Info, input: unknown) => Effect.Effect<unknown, unknown>,
   hooks?: CodeMode.ToolCallHooks,
 ) {
-  const tools: Record<string, Tool.Tool<never>> = {}
-  for (const [name, registration] of registrations) {
+  // A path may carry namespace metadata, a callable tool, child tools, or all three.
+  const root: ToolNode = { children: new Map() }
+  for (const namespace of inventory.namespaces?.values() ?? []) getNode(root, namespace.name).namespace = namespace
+  for (const [name, registration] of inventory.tools) {
     const child = definition(registration)
-    const path = qualifiedName(registration)
-    tools[path] = Tool.make({
+    getNode(root, qualifiedName(registration)).tool = Tool.make({
       description: child.description,
       input: child.inputSchema,
       output: child.outputSchema ?? Schema.NullOr(Schema.String),
       execute: (input) => executeTool(name, registration, input),
     })
   }
+  const tools = renderTools(root)
   return CodeMode.make<typeof tools>({ tools, ...hooks })
 }
 
+function getNode(root: ToolNode, path: string) {
+  return path.split(".").reduce((parent, name) => {
+    const child: ToolNode = parent.children.get(name) ?? { children: new Map() }
+    parent.children.set(name, child)
+    return child
+  }, root)
+}
+
+function renderTools(root: ToolNode) {
+  const callables = new Map<string, Tool.Tool<never>>()
+  const tools = renderChildren(root, [], callables)
+  for (const [path, tool] of callables) tools[path] = tool
+  return tools
+}
+
+function renderChildren(node: ToolNode, path: ReadonlyArray<string>, callables: Map<string, Tool.Tool<never>>): Tools {
+  return Object.fromEntries(
+    Array.from(node.children).flatMap(([name, child]) => {
+      const next = [...path, name]
+      // A record cannot hold both a top-level tool and namespace under the same key.
+      if (path.length === 0 && child.tool !== undefined && (child.namespace !== undefined || child.children.size > 0)) {
+        const tools: Tools = {}
+        flattenTools(child, next, tools)
+        return Object.entries(tools)
+      }
+      return [[name, renderEntry(child, next, callables)]]
+    }),
+  )
+}
+
+function renderEntry(
+  node: ToolNode,
+  path: ReadonlyArray<string>,
+  callables: Map<string, Tool.Tool<never>>,
+): Tools[string] {
+  const tools = renderChildren(node, path, callables)
+  // CodeMode merges this dotted tool path with the nested namespace entry.
+  if (node.tool !== undefined && (node.namespace !== undefined || node.children.size > 0))
+    callables.set(path.join("."), node.tool)
+  if (node.namespace !== undefined)
+    return Namespace.make({
+      description: node.namespace.description,
+      tools,
+    })
+  if (node.tool === undefined) return tools
+  if (node.children.size === 0) return node.tool
+  return tools
+}
+
+function flattenTools(node: ToolNode, path: ReadonlyArray<string>, tools: Tools) {
+  if (node.tool !== undefined) tools[path.join(".")] = node.tool
+  for (const [name, child] of node.children) flattenTools(child, [...path, name], tools)
+}
+
 function qualifiedName(registration: Info) {
   const normalized = normalizedName(registration)
   if (registration.options?.namespace === undefined) return normalized

packages/core/src/effect/app-node-builder.ts

@@ -1,20 +1,11 @@
 import { buildLocationServiceMap } from "../location-services.js"
 import { LocationServiceMap } from "../location-service-map.js"
 import { LayerNode } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/layer-node"
-import { makeGlobalNode } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/app-node"
 
-export function build<A, E>(root: LayerNode.Node<A, E, any>, replacements: LayerNode.Replacements = []) {
-  // Only build the location service map if it's actually needed
-  if (!LayerNode.hasUnbound(root, LocationServiceMap.node) || hasReplacement(replacements, LocationServiceMap.node))
-    return LayerNode.compile(root, replacements)
-
-  const locationMap = buildLocationServiceMap(replacements)
-  const locationMapNode = makeGlobalNode({ service: LocationServiceMap.Service, layer: locationMap, deps: [] })
-  return LayerNode.compile(root, replacements.concat([[LocationServiceMap.node, locationMapNode]]))
-}
-
-function hasReplacement(replacements: LayerNode.Replacements, node: LayerNode.Node<unknown, unknown, any>) {
-  return replacements.some(([source]) => source.name === node.name)
+export function build<A, E>(root: LayerNode.Graph<A, E>, replacements: LayerNode.Replacements = []) {
+  return LayerNode.compile(root, {
+    replacements: [LocationServiceMap.node.replace(buildLocationServiceMap(replacements)), ...replacements],
+  })
 }
 
 export * as AppNodeBuilder from "./app-node-builder.js"

packages/core/src/instance.ts

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ import { ToolOutput } from "./tool-output.js"
 import { Vcs } from "./vcs.js"
 
 export * as Instance from "./instance.js"
+export { Service, byLocationNode, type Interface } from "./instance/service.js"
 
 const nodes = [
   Location.node,
@@ -110,9 +111,9 @@ const nodes = [
   Vcs.node,
   // Start repository watches only after boot-critical filesystem and Git work.
   LocationWatcher.node,
-] as const satisfies readonly Node.LocationNode<unknown, unknown>[]
+] as const satisfies readonly Node.LocationGraph<never, unknown>[]
 
-export const graph = LayerNode.group<typeof nodes>(nodes)
+export const graph = LayerNode.group(nodes)
 
 export type Services = LayerNode.Output<typeof graph>
 export type Error = LayerNode.Error<typeof graph>
@@ -141,29 +142,23 @@ export interface Options {
 // source still honors explicit plugin operations from wellknown and
 // host-injected config.
 const vanillaReplacements: LayerNode.Replacements = [
-  [Config.node, Config.configured({ project: false, global: false })],
-  [InstructionDiscovery.node, InstructionDiscovery.configured({ project: false, global: false })],
+  Config.node.replace(Config.configured({ project: false, global: false })),
+  InstructionDiscovery.node.replace(InstructionDiscovery.configured({ project: false, global: false })),
 ]
 
 // One instance is one compiled, fresh copy of the graph standing on a directory.
 export function layer(ref: Location.Ref, options: Options = {}) {
   const startedAt = performance.now()
   // Ordered: vanilla defaults, then caller replacements (which win over the
-  // defaults), then bound pairs (which win over everything).
-  const allReplacements: LayerNode.Replacements = [
+  // defaults), then instance bindings (which win over everything).
+  const replacements: LayerNode.Replacements = [
     ...(options.discovery === false ? vanillaReplacements : []),
     ...(options.replacements ?? []),
-    [Location.node, Location.boundNode(ref, { discovery: options.discovery })],
-    [InstancePlugins.node, InstancePlugins.bound(options.plugins ?? [])],
+    Location.node.replace(Location.boundNode(ref, { discovery: options.discovery })),
+    InstancePlugins.node.replace(InstancePlugins.bound(options.plugins ?? [])),
   ]
-  // Apply replacements during hoist, not afterward: replacements can
-  // introduce new tagged dependencies (Location.boundNode depends on
-  // Project), and the hoist walk is the only pass that can still slice
-  // those back out.
-  const location = LayerNode.hoist(graph, Node.tags.values.global, allReplacements)
 
-  return LayerNode.compile(location.node).pipe(
-    Layer.fresh,
+  return LayerNode.compile(graph, { replacements, shared: Node.tags.values.global }).pipe(
     Layer.tap(() =>
       Effect.logInfo("location services booted", {
         directory: ref.directory,
@@ -171,6 +166,5 @@ export function layer(ref: Location.Ref, options: Options = {}) {
         durationMs: Math.round(performance.now() - startedAt),
       }),
     ),
-    Layer.provide(LayerNode.compile(location.hoisted)),
   )
 }

packages/core/src/instance/service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+export * as Instance from "./service.js"
+export type { Services } from "../instance.js"
+
+import { Context, Effect, Layer, Option, Scope } from "effect"
+import type { Session } from "@opencode-ai/schema/session"
+import { makeGlobalNode } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/app-node"
+import type { Services } from "../instance.js"
+import { LocationServiceMap } from "../location-service-map.js"
+
+/** Selects Session capabilities; implementations own caching and lifetime. */
+export interface Interface {
+  readonly provide: (
+    session: Session.Info,
+  ) => <A, E, R>(effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) => Effect.Effect<A, E, Exclude<R, Services>>
+  /** Borrow a cached instance without initializing one when it is absent. */
+  readonly provideIfLoaded: (
+    session: Session.Info,
+  ) => <A, E, R>(effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) => Effect.Effect<Option.Option<A>, E, Exclude<R, Services>>
+}
+
+export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Instance") {}
+
+const layer = Layer.effect(
+  Service,
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const locations = yield* LocationServiceMap.Service
+    return Service.of({
+      provide: (session) => Effect.provide(locations.get(session.location)),
+      provideIfLoaded: (session) => (effect) =>
+        // Scope the borrowed reference without replacing the caller's Scope.
+        Effect.scopedWith((scope) =>
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const context = yield* locations.contextEffectOption(session.location).pipe(Scope.provide(scope))
+            if (Option.isNone(context)) return Option.none()
+            return Option.some(yield* effect.pipe(Effect.provide(context.value)))
+          }),
+        ),
+    })
+  }),
+)
+
+export const byLocationNode = makeGlobalNode({ service: Service, layer, deps: [LocationServiceMap.node] })

packages/core/src/model.ts

@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ export function compatibility(input: unknown): Compatibility | undefined {
 }
 
 export function parse(input: string): { providerID: Provider.ID; modelID: ID } {
-  const [providerID, ...modelID] = input.split("/")
+  const index = input.indexOf("/")
   return {
-    providerID: Provider.ID.make(providerID),
-    modelID: ID.make(modelID.join("/")),
+    providerID: Provider.ID.make(index === -1 ? input : input.slice(0, index)),
+    modelID: ID.make(index === -1 ? "" : input.slice(index + 1)),
   }
 }
 

packages/core/src/persistent-pty/index.ts

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ export interface Interface {
 
 export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/PersistentPty") {}
 
-export const configured = (options: Options = {}) =>
+const makeLayer = (options: Options = {}) =>
   Layer.effect(
     Service,
     Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -361,8 +361,14 @@ export const configured = (options: Options = {}) =>
     }),
   )
 
-export const layer = configured()
-export const node = makeGlobalNode({ service: Service, layer, deps: [Bus.node, Global.node] })
+export const layer = makeLayer()
+export const configured = (options?: Options) =>
+  makeGlobalNode({
+    service: Service,
+    layer: options === undefined ? layer : makeLayer(options),
+    deps: [Bus.node, Global.node],
+  })
+export const node = configured()
 
 const request = (daemon: DaemonTransport, value: object, start = false) =>
   daemon.request(value, start).pipe(Effect.mapError(unavailable))

packages/core/src/plugin/host.ts

@@ -80,7 +80,8 @@ export const make = Effect.fn("PluginHost.make")(function* (plugin: Interface, p
   const response = <A, E, R>(effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) =>
     effect.pipe(Effect.map((data) => ({ location: locationInfo(), data })))
 
-  return {
+  // Keep the instance graph's inferred types independent of Session handles.
+  const context: Plugin.Context = {
     app,
     location: locationInfo(),
     options: {},
@@ -206,7 +207,8 @@ export const make = Effect.fn("PluginHost.make")(function* (plugin: Interface, p
           .subscribe()
           .pipe(
             Stream.filter(
-              (event): event is EventManifest.ServerEvent | RpcEvent => EventManifest.isServer(event) || isRpcEvent(event),
+              (event): event is EventManifest.ServerEvent | RpcEvent =>
+                EventManifest.isServer(event) || isRpcEvent(event),
             ),
           ),
     },
@@ -324,6 +326,7 @@ export const make = Effect.fn("PluginHost.make")(function* (plugin: Interface, p
         }),
     },
     permission: {
+      assert: permission.assert,
       hook: (name, callback) => hooks.register("permission", name, callback),
       list: (input) => permission.forSession(input.sessionID),
       get: (input) =>
@@ -449,7 +452,8 @@ export const make = Effect.fn("PluginHost.make")(function* (plugin: Interface, p
       wait: (input) => runtime.session.wait(input.sessionID),
       context: (input) => runtime.session.context(input.sessionID),
     },
-  } satisfies Plugin.Context
+  }
+  return context
 })
 
 export function storage(kv: KV.Interface, pluginID: string): Plugin.Context["storage"] {

packages/core/src/plugin/runtime.ts

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ const require = <A, E, R>(cell: Cell, f: (runtime: Interface) => Effect.Effect<A
 
 const defaultCell = makeCell()
 
-export const layerWithCell = (cell: Cell) =>
+export const layerWithCell = (cell: Cell): Layer.Layer<Service> =>
   Layer.succeed(
     Service,
     Service.of({

packages/core/src/plugin/skill/opencode.md

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ truth. Follow links from that page when the question needs more detail. Fetch
 <https://opencode.ai/v2/docs/> first when you need to discover the relevant
 documentation page.
 
+A machine-readable documentation index is available at
+<https://opencode.ai/v2/llms.txt>.
+
 ## Version policy
 
 Always answer for OpenCode V2 unless the user explicitly asks about V1,
@@ -152,6 +155,8 @@ before answering. Refer to this guide when the user wants to build a plugin. It
 covers hooks, transforms, tools, plugin context capabilities, and package
 entrypoints. Plugins can also extend the TUI; for those, fetch the
 [CLI plugin guide](https://opencode.ai/v2/docs/build/plugins/cli).
+For custom methods and events shared with other plugins or clients, fetch the
+[RPC guide](https://opencode.ai/v2/docs/build/plugins/rpc).
 
 ## [Service](https://opencode.ai/v2/docs/troubleshooting#check-the-background-service)
 
@@ -220,6 +225,16 @@ exposes typed Effects, Streams, and decoded OpenCode schema values. Its
 `Service` API can discover, start, stop, and authenticate with the local
 background service from a Node application.
 
+## [SDK](https://opencode.ai/v2/docs/build/sdk)
+
+For questions about embedding OpenCode directly in an application, fetch the
+full [SDK guide](https://opencode.ai/v2/docs/build/sdk) before answering. The SDK
+hosts OpenCode in the application without opening an HTTP listener.
+
+Use the [Effect SDK guide](https://opencode.ai/v2/docs/build/sdk/effect) for
+Effect applications. For Cloudflare Durable Objects, use the
+[Cloudflare SDK guide](https://opencode.ai/v2/docs/build/sdk/cloudflare).
+
 ## [Troubleshooting](https://opencode.ai/v2/docs/troubleshooting)
 
 OpenCode runs a client and a background server. Start by determining whether a

packages/core/src/session.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 export * as Session from "./session.js"
 export * from "./session/schema.js"
 
-import { Cause, Effect, Layer, Schema, Context, RcMap, Stream } from "effect"
+import { Cause, Effect, Layer, Schema, Context, Stream } from "effect"
 import { ListAnchor } from "@opencode-ai/schema/session"
 import { and, desc, eq } from "drizzle-orm"
 import { Project } from "./project.js"
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import { Location } from "./location.js"
 import { SessionMessage } from "./session/message.js"
 import { PromptInput } from "@opencode-ai/schema/prompt-input"
 import { Bus } from "./bus.js"
+import { Instance } from "./instance/service.js"
 import { Database } from "./database/database.js"
 import { SessionProjector } from "./session/projector.js"
 import { SessionMessageTable } from "./session/sql.js"
@@ -238,20 +239,16 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
     const global = yield* Global.Service
     const execution = yield* SessionExecution.Service
     const store = yield* SessionStore.Service
+    const instances = yield* Instance.Service
     const locations = yield* LocationServiceMap.Service
     const fs = yield* FSUtil.Service
     const jobs = yield* Job.Service
     const environments = yield* SessionEnvironment.Service
-    const sessions = yield* Session.make((ref) => locations.get(ref))
+    const sessions = yield* Session.make()
     const admission = yield* SessionInbox.Service
     const closeTransport = Effect.fn("Session.closeTransport")(function* (session: SessionSchema.Info) {
-      const location = Location.Ref.make({
-        directory: session.location.directory,
-        workspaceID: session.location.workspaceID,
-      })
-      if (!(yield* RcMap.has(locations.rcMap, location))) return
       yield* SessionModelTransport.Service.use((transport) => transport.close(session.id)).pipe(
-        Effect.provide(locations.get(location)),
+        instances.provideIfLoaded(session),
       )
     })
     const isDurableSessionEvent = Schema.is(SessionEvent.Durable)
@@ -403,7 +400,7 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
       prompt: (input) => sessions.forSession(input.sessionID).prompt(input),
       generate: Effect.fn("Session.generate")(function* (input) {
         const session = yield* result.get(input.sessionID)
-        const generate = yield* SessionGenerate.Service.pipe(Effect.provide(locations.get(session.location)))
+        const generate = yield* SessionGenerate.Service.pipe(instances.provide(session))
         return yield* generate.generate(input)
       }),
       command: Effect.fn("Session.command")(function* (input) {
@@ -412,7 +409,7 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
           const plugins = yield* PluginSupervisor.Service
           yield* plugins.flush
           return yield* Command.Service
-        }).pipe(Effect.provide(locations.get(session.location)))
+        }).pipe(instances.provide(session))
         const delivery = input.delivery ?? "steer"
         yield* commands.execute({
           name: input.command,
@@ -468,7 +465,8 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
           Effect.gen(function* () {
             const latest = yield* result.get(input.sessionID)
             const source = yield* fs.stat(latest.location.directory).pipe(Effect.orElseSucceed(() => undefined))
-            if (!source || source.type !== "Directory") {
+            // Active runners must hand off at a step boundary to retain their continuation.
+            if ((!source || source.type !== "Directory") && !(yield* execution.isActive(input.sessionID))) {
               const cancellations = (yield* SessionInbox.moveIDs(db, input.sessionID)).map(
                 (item) => [SessionEvent.InboxCancelled, { sessionID: input.sessionID, inboxID: item.id }] as const,
               )
@@ -534,6 +532,7 @@ export const node = makeGlobalNode({
     Project.node,
     SessionExecution.node,
     SessionStore.node,
+    Instance.byLocationNode,
     SessionInbox.node,
     LocationServiceMap.node,
     SessionProjector.node,

packages/core/src/session/execution.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { Cause, Context, Effect, Exit, Layer } from "effect"
 import { Bus } from "../bus.js"
 import { Database } from "../database/database.js"
 import { Job } from "../job.js"
-import { LocationServiceMap } from "../location-service-map.js"
+import { Instance } from "../instance/service.js"
 import { makeGlobalNode } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/app-node"
 import { SessionEvent } from "./event.js"
 import { SessionRunCoordinator } from "./run-coordinator.js"
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ export interface Interface {
   readonly awaitIdle: (sessionID: SessionSchema.ID) => Effect.Effect<void>
 }
 
-/** Routes execution from a Session ID to the runner owned by that Session's Location. */
+/** Routes execution from a Session ID to its selected instance's runner. */
 export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/SessionExecution") {}
 
 type InterruptReason = "user" | "shutdown"
@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ export function terminal(exit: Exit.Exit<void, SessionRunner.RunError>, reason?:
   return { type: "failed" as const, error: toSessionError(failure) }
 }
 
-/** Process-local execution: drains run in this process, routed through the Session's Location graph. */
+/** Process-local execution: drains run in this process using the selected instance. */
 export const layer = Layer.effect(
   Service,
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     const store = yield* SessionStore.Service
-    const locations = yield* LocationServiceMap.Service
+    const instances = yield* Instance.Service
     const bus = yield* Bus.Service
     const jobs = yield* Job.Service
     const db = (yield* Database.Service).db
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
       const result = yield* SessionRunner.Service.use((runner) =>
         runner.drain({ sessionID, force, continuation, promotable }),
       ).pipe(
-        Effect.provide(locations.get(session.location)),
+        instances.provide(session),
         Effect.tapCause((cause) =>
           Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(cause)
             ? Effect.void
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
 export const node = makeGlobalNode({
   service: Service,
   layer,
-  deps: [SessionStore.node, LocationServiceMap.node, Bus.node, Database.node, Job.node],
+  deps: [SessionStore.node, Instance.byLocationNode, Bus.node, Database.node, Job.node],
 })
 
 /** Low-level compatibility layer for callers that only need durable Session recording. */

packages/core/src/session/runner/llm.ts

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
                 step = 1
               }
               if (pending?.type === "move")
-                return DrainResult.Moved({ continuation: !entering && continuing ? { step } : undefined })
+                return DrainResult.Moved({ continuation: continuing ? { step } : undefined })
               if (pending?.type === "compaction") {
                 const session = yield* store.get(sessionID)
                 if (!session) return yield* Effect.die(new Error(`Session not found: ${sessionID}`))

packages/core/src/session/session.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 export * as Session from "./session.js"
 
-import { DateTime, Effect, Fiber, Layer, Schema, Scope } from "effect"
+import { DateTime, Effect, Fiber, Schema, Scope } from "effect"
 import type { Agent } from "@opencode-ai/schema/agent"
 import type { Model } from "@opencode-ai/schema/model"
 import { Event } from "@opencode-ai/schema/event"
 import { Bus } from "../bus.js"
-import { Location } from "../location.js"
+import { Instance } from "../instance/service.js"
 import { PluginSupervisor } from "../plugin/supervisor-service.js"
 import { Shell } from "../shell.js"
 import { ShellResult } from "../shell/result.js"
@@ -33,26 +33,19 @@ import { SessionRevert } from "./revert.js"
 import { SessionSchema } from "./schema.js"
 import { SessionStore } from "./store.js"
 
-export type Services =
-  | PluginSupervisor.Service
-  | Reference.Service
-  | SessionPrompt.Service
-  | SessionRevert.Service
-  | Shell.Service
-  | Skill.Service
-
 type PromptRequest = SessionPrompt.Input & {
   id?: SessionMessage.ID
   resume?: boolean
 }
 
 /**
- * Build once in the host Scope: `const sessions = yield* Session.make(servicesFor)`.
+ * Build once in the host Scope: `const sessions = yield* Session.make()`.
  * Use `sessions.forSession(id)` for handles that share host services and reload current state.
  */
-export const make = Effect.fn("Session.make")(function* (servicesFor: (ref: Location.Ref) => Layer.Layer<Services>) {
+export const make = Effect.fn("Session.make")(function* () {
   const bus = yield* Bus.Service
   const store = yield* SessionStore.Service
+  const instances = yield* Instance.Service
   const execution = yield* SessionExecution.Service
   const admission = yield* SessionInbox.Service
   const scope = yield* Scope.Scope
@@ -174,7 +167,7 @@ export const make = Effect.fn("Session.make")(function* (servicesFor: (ref: Loca
               const preparation = yield* SessionPrompt.Service
               const references = yield* Reference.Service
               return { item: yield* preparation.prepare({ sessionID, messageID, input }), references }
-            }).pipe(Effect.provide(servicesFor(session.location))),
+            }).pipe(instances.provide(session)),
           )
           // Commit a staged revert only after preparation succeeds, before admitting new work.
           if (session.revert) yield* SessionRevert.commit(bus, session)
@@ -205,7 +198,7 @@ export const make = Effect.fn("Session.make")(function* (servicesFor: (ref: Loca
         const plugins = yield* PluginSupervisor.Service
         yield* plugins.flush
         return yield* Shell.Service
-      }).pipe(Effect.provide(servicesFor(session.location)))
+      }).pipe(instances.provide(session))
       const started = yield* shell
         .create({
           command: input.command,
@@ -256,7 +249,7 @@ export const make = Effect.fn("Session.make")(function* (servicesFor: (ref: Loca
     input: { id?: SessionMessage.ID; skill: Skill.ID; resume?: boolean },
   ) {
     const session = yield* get(sessionID)
-    const skills = yield* Skill.Service.pipe(Effect.provide(servicesFor(session.location)))
+    const skills = yield* Skill.Service.pipe(instances.provide(session))
     const skill = yield* skills.get(input.skill)
     if (!skill) return yield* new SkillNotFoundError({ skill: input.skill })
     yield* bus.publish(
@@ -355,14 +348,12 @@ export const make = Effect.fn("Session.make")(function* (servicesFor: (ref: Loca
     if (yield* execution.isActive(sessionID)) return yield* new BusyError({ sessionID })
     return yield* SessionRevert.Service.use((revert) =>
       revert.stage({ session, messageID: input.messageID, files: input.files }),
-    ).pipe(Effect.provide(servicesFor(session.location)))
+    ).pipe(instances.provide(session))
   })
   const clear = Effect.fn("Session.revert.clear")(function* (sessionID: SessionSchema.ID) {
     const session = yield* get(sessionID)
     if (yield* execution.isActive(sessionID)) return yield* new BusyError({ sessionID })
-    yield* SessionRevert.Service.use((revert) => revert.clear(session)).pipe(
-      Effect.provide(servicesFor(session.location)),
-    )
+    yield* SessionRevert.Service.use((revert) => revert.clear(session)).pipe(instances.provide(session))
     return yield* execution.wake(sessionID)
   })
   const commit = Effect.fn("Session.revert.commit")(function* (sessionID: SessionSchema.ID) {

packages/core/src/tool.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 export * as Tool from "./tool.js"
 export { CallID, Content, Error, FileContent, TextContent } from "@opencode-ai/schema/tool"
-export type { Context, Metadata, Options, Result } from "@opencode-ai/schema/tool"
+export type { Context, Metadata, Namespace, Options, Result } from "@opencode-ai/schema/tool"
 
 import { ToolDefinition, type ToolCall } from "@opencode-ai/ai"
 import { Tool } from "@opencode-ai/schema/tool"
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ export class RegistrationError extends Schema.TaggedError<RegistrationError>()("
 export interface Draft {
   readonly list: () => readonly (Tool.Info & { readonly id: string })[]
   readonly get: (id: string) => (Tool.Info & { readonly id: string }) | undefined
+  readonly namespace: (namespace: Tool.Namespace) => void
   readonly add: (tool: Tool.Info) => void
   readonly update: (id: string, update: (tool: Types.Mutable<Tool.Info>) => void) => void
   readonly remove: (id: string) => void
@@ -33,7 +34,8 @@ export interface Draft {
 
 type Data = {
   tools: Map<string, Tool.Info & { readonly id: string }>
-  errors: { tool: Tool.Info; error: RegistrationError }[]
+  namespaces: Map<string, Tool.Namespace>
+  errors: { kind: "tool" | "namespace"; name: string; namespace?: string; error: RegistrationError }[]
 }
 
 export interface Interface extends State.Transformable<Draft> {
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ export interface Interface extends State.Transformable<Draft> {
 
 export interface Snapshot {
   readonly definitions: ReadonlyArray<ToolDefinition>
-  readonly codeModeCatalog?: ReadonlyArray<CodeModeCatalog.Entry>
+  readonly codeModeCatalog?: CodeModeCatalog.Inventory
   readonly execute: (input: {
     readonly sessionID: SessionSchema.ID
     readonly agent: Agent.ID
@@ -151,15 +153,24 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
       name: "tool",
       initial: () => ({
         tools: new Map(),
+        namespaces: new Map(),
         errors: [],
       }),
       draft: (draft) => ({
         list: () => Array.from(draft.tools.values()),
         get: (id) => draft.tools.get(id),
+        namespace: (namespace) => {
+          const error = namespaceError(namespace.name)
+          if (error) {
+            draft.errors.push({ kind: "namespace", name: namespace.name, namespace: namespace.name, error })
+            return
+          }
+          draft.namespaces.set(namespace.name, { ...namespace })
+        },
         add: (tool) => {
           const error = registrationError(tool)
           if (error) {
-            draft.errors.push({ tool, error })
+            draft.errors.push({ kind: "tool", name: tool.name, namespace: tool.options?.namespace, error })
             return
           }
           const id = effectiveName(tool)
@@ -176,7 +187,7 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
             tool.options = { ...tool.options, namespace: current.options?.namespace }
           const error = registrationError(tool)
           if (error) {
-            draft.errors.push({ tool, error })
+            draft.errors.push({ kind: "tool", name: tool.name, namespace: tool.options?.namespace, error })
             return
           }
           draft.tools.set(id, tool)
@@ -188,10 +199,10 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
       finalize: () =>
         Effect.forEach(
           state.get().errors,
-          ({ tool, error }) =>
-            Effect.logError("Skipping invalid tool registration", {
-              name: tool.name,
-              namespace: tool.options?.namespace,
+          ({ kind, name, namespace, error }) =>
+            Effect.logError(`Skipping invalid ${kind} registration`, {
+              name,
+              namespace,
               error: error.message,
             }),
           { discard: true },
@@ -210,23 +221,25 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
             active.set(name, tool)
           }
           const direct = new Map(Array.from(active).filter(([, tool]) => tool.options?.codemode === false))
-          const codemode = new Map(Array.from(active).filter(([, tool]) => tool.options?.codemode !== false))
-          const codemodeEnabled = !whollyDisabled("execute", rules)
-          const codemodeTool = codemodeEnabled
-            ? CodeModeTool.create(codemode, (name, tool, input, context) =>
+          const codeModeTools = new Map(Array.from(active).filter(([, tool]) => tool.options?.codemode !== false))
+          const namespaces = state.get().namespaces
+          const codeModeInventory = { tools: codeModeTools, namespaces }
+          const codeModeEnabled = !whollyDisabled("execute", rules)
+          const codeModeTool = codeModeEnabled
+            ? CodeModeTool.create(codeModeInventory, (name, tool, input, context) =>
                 beforeExecute(name, input, context).pipe(
                   Effect.flatMap((event) => executeTool(tool, name, event.input, context)),
                 ),
               )
             : undefined
-          const codeModeCatalog = codemodeEnabled ? CodeModeTool.catalog(codemode) : undefined
+          const codeModeCatalog = codeModeEnabled ? CodeModeTool.catalog(codeModeInventory) : undefined
           return {
             ...(codeModeCatalog === undefined ? {} : { codeModeCatalog }),
             definitions: [
               ...Array.from(direct)
                 .sort(([left], [right]) => (left < right ? -1 : left > right ? 1 : 0))
                 .map(([, tool]) => definition(tool)),
-              ...(codemodeTool ? [definition(codemodeTool)] : []),
+              ...(codeModeTool ? [definition(codeModeTool)] : []),
             ],
             execute: Effect.fnUntraced(function* (input: Parameters<Snapshot["execute"]>[0]) {
               const context: Tool.Context = {
@@ -239,11 +252,11 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
               const event = yield* beforeExecute(input.call.name, input.call.input, context)
               const requested = input.definitions?.get(event.tool)
               // Preserve session context removal and alias resolution, now after the repair hook.
-              if (!requested && input.definitions && (direct.has(event.tool) || codemodeTool?.name === event.tool))
+              if (!requested && input.definitions && (direct.has(event.tool) || codeModeTool?.name === event.tool))
                 return yield* new Tool.Error({ message: `Tool is not available for this request: ${event.tool}` })
               const name = requested?.name ?? event.tool
-              if (name === "execute" && codemodeTool)
-                return yield* executeTool(codemodeTool, name, event.input, context)
+              if (name === "execute" && codeModeTool)
+                return yield* executeTool(codeModeTool, name, event.input, context)
               const tool = direct.get(name)
               if (tool) return yield* executeTool(tool, name, event.input, context)
               return yield* new Tool.Error({ message: `Unknown tool: ${name}` })
@@ -269,8 +282,10 @@ function schemaMakeError(error: unknown) {
 
 function registrationError(tool: Tool.Info) {
   const namespace = tool.options?.namespace
-  if (namespace !== undefined && !namespace.split(".").every((segment) => /^[A-Za-z0-9_-]{1,64}$/.test(segment)))
-    return new RegistrationError({ name: namespace, message: `Invalid tool namespace: ${JSON.stringify(namespace)}` })
+  if (namespace !== undefined) {
+    const error = namespaceError(namespace)
+    if (error) return error
+  }
   const name = normalizedName(tool)
   if (!/^[A-Za-z0-9_-]{1,64}$/.test(name)) return new RegistrationError({ name, message: `Invalid tool name: ${name}` })
   const id = effectiveName(tool)
@@ -284,6 +299,11 @@ function registrationError(tool: Tool.Info) {
   return Result.isFailure(result) ? result.failure : undefined
 }
 
+function namespaceError(name: string) {
+  if (name.split(".").every((segment) => /^[A-Za-z0-9_-]{1,64}$/.test(segment))) return
+  return new RegistrationError({ name, message: `Invalid tool namespace: ${JSON.stringify(name)}` })
+}
+
 export const node = makeLocationNode({
   service: Service,
   layer,

packages/core/src/tool/AGENTS.md

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ Leaves own resolution, permission, and side-effect ordering. Translate only expe
 
 Built-ins, plugins, and MCP install tools through `Tool.Service.transform`, adding complete tool objects to the draft. A tool may provide a namespace, which flattens direct model names to `<namespace>_<tool>`, and defaults into CodeMode (`codemode` defaults true; `codemode: false` keeps the tool on the provider's native tool list).
 
+Namespace descriptions are registered once through `draft.namespace(...)`. Tool options continue to reference the namespace by string name; an unregistered namespace remains valid and simply has no namespace description.
+
 The service uses shared `State` to replay synchronous transforms in registration order against a fresh draft. `Tool.Service.reload()` rebuilds from captured source data without changing registration precedence. Registrations are scoped and return a real, idempotent `dispose` Effect:
 
 - The latest valid active registration for the same effective name wins.

packages/core/test/agent.test.ts

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ const globalLayer = Layer.succeed(Global.Service, Global.Service.of(global))
 
 const it = testEffect(
   AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Agent.node, Bus.node, Location.node]), [
-    [Global.node, globalLayer],
-    [Location.node, locationLayer],
+    Global.node.replace(globalLayer),
+    Location.node.replace(locationLayer),
   ]) as unknown as Layer.Layer<unknown, never>,
 )
 

packages/core/test/bus-session-routing.test.ts

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
 const it = testEffect(
   AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node, SessionProjector.node]), [
-    [Bus.node, Bus.configured({ persist: true })],
+    Bus.node.replace(Bus.configured({ persist: true })),
   ]),
 )
 const a = Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make("/a") })

packages/core/test/bus.test.ts

@@ -100,12 +100,14 @@ const tail = (bus: Bus.Interface, input: { aggregateID: string; after?: number }
 
 const it = testEffect(
   AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node, Location.node]), [
-    [Location.node, locationLayer],
-    [Bus.node, Bus.configured({ persist: true })],
+    Location.node.replace(locationLayer),
+    Bus.node.replace(Bus.configured({ persist: true })),
   ]),
 )
 const itWithoutLocation = testEffect(
-  AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node]), [[Bus.node, Bus.configured({ persist: true })]]),
+  AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node]), [
+    Bus.node.replace(Bus.configured({ persist: true })),
+  ]),
 )
 const itWithoutPersistence = testEffect(AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node])))
 
@@ -631,8 +633,7 @@ describe("Bus", () => {
       const continueRead = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
       let pause = true
       const eventLayer = AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node]), [
-        [
-          Bus.node,
+        Bus.node.replace(
           Bus.configured({
             persist: true,
             beforeAggregateRead: () =>
@@ -640,7 +641,7 @@ describe("Bus", () => {
                 ? Deferred.succeed(readStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(continueRead)))
                 : Effect.void,
           }),
-        ],
+        ),
       ])
 
       yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -1318,7 +1319,7 @@ describe("Bus", () => {
   it.effect("log replays across configured read pages", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const eventLayer = AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node]), [
-        [Bus.node, Bus.configured({ persist: true, logReadPageSize: 2 })],
+        Bus.node.replace(Bus.configured({ persist: true, logReadPageSize: 2 })),
       ])
 
       yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -1351,8 +1352,7 @@ describe("Bus", () => {
       const releaseRead = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
       const firstRead = yield* Ref.make(true)
       const eventLayer = AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node]), [
-        [
-          Bus.node,
+        Bus.node.replace(
           Bus.configured({
             persist: true,
             beforeAggregateRead: () =>
@@ -1363,7 +1363,7 @@ describe("Bus", () => {
                 }),
               ),
           }),
-        ],
+        ),
       ])
 
       yield* Effect.gen(function* () {

packages/core/test/catalog.test.ts

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ const locationLayer = Layer.succeed(
 )
 const catalogLayer = AppNodeBuilder.build(
   LayerNode.group([Catalog.node, Bus.node, Credential.node, Integration.node]),
-  [[Location.node, locationLayer]],
+  [Location.node.replace(locationLayer)],
 )
 const it = testEffect(catalogLayer)
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ describe("Catalog", () => {
   it.effect("derives availability from active credentials without changing provider state", () => {
     const integrationID = Integration.ID.make("test")
     const localCatalogLayer = Layer.fresh(
-      AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Catalog.node, Credential.node]), [[Location.node, locationLayer]]),
+      AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Catalog.node, Credential.node]), [Location.node.replace(locationLayer)]),
     )
 
     return Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ describe("Catalog", () => {
     const providerID = Provider.ID.make("remote")
     const localCatalogLayer = Layer.fresh(
       AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Catalog.node, Credential.node, Integration.node]), [
-        [Location.node, locationLayer],
+        Location.node.replace(locationLayer),
       ]),
     )
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ describe("Catalog", () => {
     const providerID = Provider.ID.make("remote")
     const localCatalogLayer = Layer.fresh(
       AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Catalog.node, Credential.node, Integration.node]), [
-        [Location.node, locationLayer],
+        Location.node.replace(locationLayer),
       ]),
     )
 

packages/core/test/codemode.test.ts

@@ -23,19 +23,22 @@ describe("CodeMode", () => {
 
       const snapshot = yield* tools.snapshot()
       expect(snapshot.definitions.some((tool) => tool.name === "execute")).toBe(true)
-      expect(snapshot.codeModeCatalog).toStrictEqual([
-        {
-          path: "echo",
-          description: "Echo text",
-          signature: "tools.echo(input: {\n  text: string,\n}): Promise<string>",
-          pinned: true,
-        },
-      ])
+      expect(snapshot.codeModeCatalog).toStrictEqual({
+        tools: [
+          {
+            path: "echo",
+            description: "Echo text",
+            signature: "tools.echo(input: {\n  text: string,\n}): Promise<string>",
+            pinned: true,
+          },
+        ],
+        namespaces: new Map(),
+      })
     }).pipe(
       Effect.scoped,
       Effect.provide(
         AppNodeBuilder.build(Tool.node, [
-          [Location.node, Location.boundNode({ directory: AbsolutePath.make("/project") })],
+          Location.node.replace(Location.boundNode({ directory: AbsolutePath.make("/project") })),
         ]),
       ),
     ),

packages/core/test/codemode/catalog.test.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
 import { CodeModeCatalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/codemode/catalog"
 import { CodeModeInstructions } from "@opencode-ai/core/codemode/instructions"
 
-const entry = (path: string, description: string, signature?: string, pinned = false): CodeModeCatalog.Entry => ({
+const entry = (path: string, description: string, signature?: string, pinned = false): CodeModeCatalog.Tool => ({
   path,
   description,
   signature: signature ?? `tools.${path}(input: {\n  q: string,\n}): Promise<string>`,
@@ -15,21 +15,24 @@ const lookup = entry(
   "tools.orders.lookup(input: {\n  id: string,\n}): Promise<{\n  id: string,\n  status: string,\n}>",
 )
 
-const render = (entries: ReadonlyArray<CodeModeCatalog.Entry>, budget?: number) =>
-  CodeModeInstructions.render(CodeModeCatalog.summarize(entries, budget))
+const render = (tools: ReadonlyArray<CodeModeCatalog.Tool>, budget?: number) =>
+  CodeModeInstructions.render(CodeModeCatalog.summarize({ tools }, budget === undefined ? {} : { budget }))
 
 const update = (
-  previous: ReadonlyArray<CodeModeCatalog.Entry>,
-  current: ReadonlyArray<CodeModeCatalog.Entry>,
+  previous: ReadonlyArray<CodeModeCatalog.Tool>,
+  current: ReadonlyArray<CodeModeCatalog.Tool>,
   budget?: number,
 ) =>
-  CodeModeInstructions.update(CodeModeCatalog.summarize(previous, budget), CodeModeCatalog.summarize(current, budget))
+  CodeModeInstructions.update(
+    CodeModeCatalog.summarize({ tools: previous }, budget === undefined ? {} : { budget }),
+    CodeModeCatalog.summarize({ tools: current }, budget === undefined ? {} : { budget }),
+  )
 
 describe("CodeModeCatalog.summarize", () => {
   test("retains namespace inventory without retaining tools outside the inline budget", () => {
     const catalog = CodeModeCatalog.summarize(
-      Array.from({ length: 10_000 }, (_, index) => entry(`bulk.tool${index}`, `Tool ${index}`)),
-      0,
+      { tools: Array.from({ length: 10_000 }, (_, index) => entry(`bulk.tool${index}`, `Tool ${index}`)) },
+      { budget: 0 },
     )
     expect(catalog).toEqual({
       total: 10_000,
@@ -40,8 +43,8 @@ describe("CodeModeCatalog.summarize", () => {
 
   test("retains every namespace when no full tool listing fits", () => {
     const catalog = CodeModeCatalog.summarize(
-      [entry("alpha.one", "One"), entry("beta.two", "Two"), entry("gamma.three", "Three")],
-      0,
+      { tools: [entry("alpha.one", "One"), entry("beta.two", "Two"), entry("gamma.three", "Three")] },
+      { budget: 0 },
     )
     expect(catalog.namespaces.map((namespace) => namespace.name)).toEqual(["alpha", "beta", "gamma"])
     expect(catalog.namespaces.every((namespace) => namespace.entries.length === 0)).toBe(true)
@@ -49,7 +52,10 @@ describe("CodeModeCatalog.summarize", () => {
 
   test("always retains pinned tools beyond the inline budget", () => {
     const pinned = [entry("alpha.first", "First", undefined, true), entry("beta.second", "Second", undefined, true)]
-    const catalog = CodeModeCatalog.summarize([...pinned, entry("alpha.unpinned", "Unpinned")], 0)
+    const catalog = CodeModeCatalog.summarize(
+      { tools: [...pinned, entry("alpha.unpinned", "Unpinned")] },
+      { budget: 0 },
+    )
 
     expect(catalog.shown).toBe(2)
     expect(catalog.namespaces.flatMap((namespace) => namespace.entries.map((item) => item.path))).toEqual([
@@ -63,22 +69,48 @@ describe("CodeModeCatalog.summarize", () => {
     const unpinned = entry("beta.unpinned", "Unpinned")
     const pinCost = Math.round(`  - ${pinned.signature} // Pinned`.length / 4)
     const unpinnedCost = Math.round(`  - ${unpinned.signature} // Unpinned`.length / 4)
+    const namespaceCost = [
+      { name: "alpha", count: 1, entries: [] },
+      { name: "beta", count: 1, entries: [] },
+    ].reduce((total, namespace) => total + Math.round(CodeModeCatalog.namespaceLine(namespace).length / 4), 0)
 
-    expect(CodeModeCatalog.summarize([pinned, unpinned], pinCost + unpinnedCost).shown).toBe(2)
-    expect(CodeModeCatalog.summarize([pinned, unpinned], pinCost + unpinnedCost - 1).shown).toBe(1)
+    expect(
+      CodeModeCatalog.summarize({ tools: [pinned, unpinned] }, { budget: namespaceCost + pinCost + unpinnedCost })
+        .shown,
+    ).toBe(2)
+    expect(
+      CodeModeCatalog.summarize({ tools: [pinned, unpinned] }, { budget: namespaceCost + pinCost + unpinnedCost - 1 })
+        .shown,
+    ).toBe(1)
   })
 
   test("retains only the rendered portion of inline descriptions", () => {
-    const catalog = CodeModeCatalog.summarize([entry("alpha.one", `Summary\n${"detail".repeat(10_000)}`)])
+    const catalog = CodeModeCatalog.summarize({
+      tools: [entry("alpha.one", `Summary\n${"detail".repeat(10_000)}`)],
+    })
     expect(catalog.namespaces[0]?.entries[0]?.line).toEndWith("// Summary")
   })
 
   test("limits inline descriptions to 120 characters", () => {
-    const catalog = CodeModeCatalog.summarize([entry("alpha.one", "x".repeat(121))])
+    const catalog = CodeModeCatalog.summarize({ tools: [entry("alpha.one", "x".repeat(121))] })
     const description = catalog.namespaces[0]?.entries[0]?.line.split(" // ")[1]
     expect(description).toHaveLength(120)
     expect(description).toEndWith("...")
   })
+
+  test("always retains namespace descriptions and charges them before tool listings", () => {
+    const tool = entry("alpha.one", "One")
+    const listingCost = Math.round(`  - ${tool.signature} // One`.length / 4)
+    const namespaceCost = Math.round(CodeModeCatalog.namespaceLine({ name: "alpha", count: 1, entries: [] }).length / 4)
+    const description = "A namespace description that stays visible beyond the available tool budget"
+    const namespaces = new Map([["alpha", { name: "alpha", description }]])
+
+    expect(CodeModeCatalog.summarize({ tools: [tool] }, { budget: namespaceCost + listingCost }).shown).toBe(1)
+    const catalog = CodeModeCatalog.summarize({ tools: [tool], namespaces }, { budget: namespaceCost + listingCost })
+    expect(catalog.shown).toBe(0)
+    expect(catalog.namespaces[0]?.description).toBe(description)
+    expect(CodeModeInstructions.render(catalog)).toContain(`- alpha (1 tool, none shown) // ${description}`)
+  })
 })
 
 describe("CodeModeInstructions.render", () => {
@@ -104,7 +136,8 @@ describe("CodeModeInstructions.render", () => {
     )
     expect(partial).not.toContain("surrounding top-level agent tools")
     expect(partial).toContain("- search(input: {")
-    expect(partial).toContain("  limit?: number,\n  offset?: number,")
+    expect(partial).toContain("  /**\n   * @integer\n   * @exclusiveMinimum 0\n   */\n  limit?: number,")
+    expect(partial).toContain("  /**\n   * @integer\n   * @minimum 0\n   */\n  offset?: number,")
     expect(partial).not.toContain("tools.orders.lookup(input:")
   })
 
@@ -118,7 +151,11 @@ describe("CodeModeInstructions.render", () => {
     )
     // Round 1 places alpha.cheap and beta.cheap; in round 2 alpha.expensive does not fit,
     // which marks only alpha done - it must NOT prevent other namespaces from inlining.
-    const instructions = render([cheapAlpha, expensive, cheapBeta], 40)
+    const namespaceCost = [
+      { name: "alpha", count: 2, entries: [] },
+      { name: "beta", count: 1, entries: [] },
+    ].reduce((total, namespace) => total + Math.round(CodeModeCatalog.namespaceLine(namespace).length / 4), 0)
+    const instructions = render([cheapAlpha, expensive, cheapBeta], 40 + namespaceCost)
     expect(instructions).toContain("## Search")
     expect(instructions).toContain("- alpha (2 tools, 1 shown)")
     expect(instructions).toContain(`  - ${cheapAlpha.signature} // Cheap`)
@@ -170,6 +207,21 @@ describe("CodeModeInstructions.update", () => {
     )
   })
 
+  test("restates namespace descriptions when they change", () => {
+    const previous = CodeModeCatalog.summarize({
+      tools: [echo],
+      namespaces: new Map([["notes", { name: "notes", description: "Old description" }]]),
+    })
+    const current = CodeModeCatalog.summarize({
+      tools: [echo],
+      namespaces: new Map([["notes", { name: "notes", description: "New description" }]]),
+    })
+    const text = CodeModeInstructions.update(previous, current)
+    expect(text).toContain("This catalog supersedes the previous Code Mode tool catalog.")
+    expect(text).toContain("- notes (1 tool) // New description")
+    expect(text).not.toContain("Old description")
+  })
+
   test("restates the full catalog when the rendering mode crosses full and compact", () => {
     const wide = Array.from({ length: 40 }, (_, index) => entry(`bulk.tool${index}`, `Tool ${index}`))
     const text = update([echo], [echo, ...wide], 30)

packages/core/test/codemode/instructions.test.ts

@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
 import { it } from "../lib/effect"
 import { readInitial, readUpdate } from "../lib/instructions"
 
-const echo: CodeModeCatalog.Entry = {
+const echo: CodeModeCatalog.Tool = {
   path: "notes.echo",
   description: "Echo text",
   signature: "tools.notes.echo(input: {\n  text: string,\n}): Promise<string>",
 }
 
-const lookup: CodeModeCatalog.Entry = {
+const lookup: CodeModeCatalog.Tool = {
   path: "orders.lookup",
   description: "Look up an order",
   signature: "tools.orders.lookup(input: {\n  id: string,\n}): Promise<unknown>",
@@ -24,16 +24,16 @@ const lookup: CodeModeCatalog.Entry = {
 describe("CodeModeInstructions", () => {
   it.effect("instructs the model not to call execute while the catalog is empty", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const initialized = yield* readInitial(CodeModeInstructions.make([]))
+      const initialized = yield* readInitial(CodeModeInstructions.make({ tools: [] }))
       expect(initialized.text).toBe(
         "No Code Mode tools are currently available. Later Code Mode catalog updates may add or remove tools. Do not call `execute` unless there is at least one available Code Mode tool.",
       )
 
-      const added = yield* readUpdate(CodeModeInstructions.make([echo]), initialized)
+      const added = yield* readUpdate(CodeModeInstructions.make({ tools: [echo] }), initialized)
       expect(added.text).toContain("New tools are available in addition to those previously listed:")
       expect(added.text).toContain(echo.signature)
 
-      expect(yield* readUpdate(CodeModeInstructions.make([]), { values: added.values })).toMatchObject({
+      expect(yield* readUpdate(CodeModeInstructions.make({ tools: [] }), { values: added.values })).toMatchObject({
         text:
           "The Code Mode tool catalog has changed. This catalog supersedes the previous Code Mode tool catalog.\n\n" +
           "No Code Mode tools are currently available. Later Code Mode catalog updates may add or remove tools. Do not call `execute` unless there is at least one available Code Mode tool.",
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ describe("CodeModeInstructions", () => {
 
   it.effect("renders the initial catalog, semantic deltas, and removal", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const initialized = yield* readInitial(CodeModeInstructions.make([echo]))
+      const initialized = yield* readInitial(CodeModeInstructions.make({ tools: [echo] }))
       expect(initialized.text).toContain(
         "This catalog is the complete set of tools available within Code Mode. Tools presented elsewhere are not available in this runtime.",
       )
@@ -51,13 +51,13 @@ describe("CodeModeInstructions", () => {
       expect(initialized.text).not.toContain("## Search")
       expect(initialized.text).toContain(`  - ${echo.signature} // Echo text`)
 
-      const added = yield* readUpdate(CodeModeInstructions.make([echo, lookup]), initialized)
+      const added = yield* readUpdate(CodeModeInstructions.make({ tools: [echo, lookup] }), initialized)
       expect(added.text).toContain("The Code Mode tool catalog has changed.")
       expect(added.text).toContain("New tools are available in addition to those previously listed:")
       expect(added.text).toContain(`  - ${lookup.signature} // Look up an order`)
       expect(added.text).not.toContain("## Available tools")
 
-      const removed = yield* readUpdate(CodeModeInstructions.make([echo]), { values: added.values })
+      const removed = yield* readUpdate(CodeModeInstructions.make({ tools: [echo] }), { values: added.values })
       expect(removed.text).toBe(
         "The Code Mode tool catalog has changed.\n\n" +
           "The following tools are no longer available and must not be called: tools.orders.lookup.",
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ describe("CodeModeInstructions", () => {
       execute: () => Effect.succeed({ output: "zeta" }),
     }
     const layer = AppNodeBuilder.build(Tool.node, [
-      [Location.node, Location.boundNode({ directory: AbsolutePath.make("/project") })],
+      Location.node.replace(Location.boundNode({ directory: AbsolutePath.make("/project") })),
     ])
 
     return Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -93,22 +93,27 @@ describe("CodeModeInstructions", () => {
       const initialized = yield* Effect.scoped(
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           yield* tools.transform((draft) => {
+            draft.namespace({ name: "tools", description: "Project utilities" })
             draft.add({ ...zeta, options: { namespace: "tools" } })
             draft.add({ ...alpha, options: { namespace: "tools" } })
           })
-          return yield* readInitial(CodeModeInstructions.make((yield* tools.snapshot()).codeModeCatalog))
+          const snapshot = yield* tools.snapshot()
+          return yield* readInitial(CodeModeInstructions.make(snapshot.codeModeCatalog))
         }),
       )
       const reordered = yield* Effect.scoped(
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           yield* tools.transform((draft) => {
+            draft.namespace({ name: "tools", description: "Project utilities" })
             draft.add({ ...alpha, options: { namespace: "tools" } })
             draft.add({ ...zeta, options: { namespace: "tools" } })
           })
-          return yield* readUpdate(CodeModeInstructions.make((yield* tools.snapshot()).codeModeCatalog), initialized)
+          const snapshot = yield* tools.snapshot()
+          return yield* readUpdate(CodeModeInstructions.make(snapshot.codeModeCatalog), initialized)
         }),
       )
 
+      expect(initialized.text).toContain("- tools (2 tools) // Project utilities")
       expect(reordered.changed).toBe(false)
       expect(reordered.text).toBe("")
     }).pipe(Effect.provide(layer))

packages/core/test/config/command.test.ts

@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ const it = testEffect(
   AppNodeBuilder.build(
     LayerNode.group([Command.node, Bus.node, FSUtil.node, AppProcess.node, Location.node, ShellSelect.node]),
     [
-      [Mcp.node, emptyMcpLayer],
-      [Config.node, emptyConfigLayer],
-      [Location.node, testLocationLayer],
-      [ShellSelect.node, shellLayer],
+      Mcp.node.replace(emptyMcpLayer),
+      Config.node.replace(emptyConfigLayer),
+      Location.node.replace(testLocationLayer),
+      ShellSelect.node.replace(shellLayer),
     ],
   ),
 )
@@ -340,17 +340,16 @@ describeNative("ConfigCommandPlugin native watcher", () => {
               ShellSelect.node,
             ]),
             [
-              [
-                Location.node,
+              Location.node.replace(
                 Layer.succeed(
                   Location.Service,
                   Location.Service.of(location({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(path.join(tmp, "project")) })),
                 ),
-              ],
-              [Global.node, Global.layerWith({ config: global, home: path.join(global, "home") })],
-              [ShellSelect.node, shellLayer],
-              [Credential.node, emptyCredentialNode],
-              [WellKnown.node, emptyWellknownNode],
+              ),
+              Global.node.replace(Global.layerWith({ config: global, home: path.join(global, "home") })),
+              ShellSelect.node.replace(shellLayer),
+              Credential.node.replace(emptyCredentialNode),
+              WellKnown.node.replace(emptyWellknownNode),
             ],
           ),
         ),

packages/core/test/config/compaction.test.ts

@@ -40,13 +40,12 @@ const it = testEffect(
   Layer.merge(
     config,
     AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([SessionCompaction.node, SessionModelRequest.node, Config.node, Bus.node]), [
-      [
-        llmClient,
+      llmClient.replace(
         Layer.mock(LLMClient.Service)({
           stream: () => Stream.make(LLMEvent.textDelta({ id: "summary", text: "summary" })),
         }),
-      ],
-      [Config.node, config],
+      ),
+      Config.node.replace(config),
     ]),
   ),
 )

packages/core/test/config/config.test.ts

@@ -55,12 +55,12 @@ function testLayer(
     ),
   )
   const built = AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Config.node, Bus.node]), [
-    [Config.node, Config.configured(options)],
-    [Location.node, locationLayer],
-    [Global.node, Global.layerWith({ config: globalDirectory, home: path.join(globalDirectory, "home") })],
-    [Credential.node, credentialNode],
-    [WellKnown.node, wellknownNode],
-    [Watcher.node, watcher],
+    Config.node.replace(Config.configured(options)),
+    Location.node.replace(locationLayer),
+    Global.node.replace(Global.layerWith({ config: globalDirectory, home: path.join(globalDirectory, "home") })),
+    Credential.node.replace(credentialNode),
+    WellKnown.node.replace(wellknownNode),
+    Watcher.node.replace(watcher),
   ])
   // Merge the watcher layer by reference so Watcher.Test resolves to the same
   // memoized instance the built graph uses.
@@ -311,16 +311,15 @@ describe("Config", () => {
           }).pipe(
             Effect.provide(
               AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Config.node, Bus.node]), [
-                [
-                  Location.node,
+                Location.node.replace(
                   Layer.succeed(
                     Location.Service,
                     Location.Service.of(location({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(project) })),
                   ),
-                ],
-                [Global.node, Global.layerWith({ config: global, home: path.join(global, "home") })],
-                [Credential.node, emptyCredentialNode],
-                [WellKnown.node, emptyWellknownNode],
+                ),
+                Global.node.replace(Global.layerWith({ config: global, home: path.join(global, "home") })),
+                Credential.node.replace(emptyCredentialNode),
+                WellKnown.node.replace(emptyWellknownNode),
               ]),
             ),
           )

packages/core/test/config/plugin.test.ts

@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
 const it = testEffect(
   AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node, SdkPlugins.node, LocationServiceMap.node]), [
-    [Global.node, tempGlobalLayer],
+    Global.node.replace(tempGlobalLayer),
   ]),
 )
 const staticIt = testEffect(
   AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node, SdkPlugins.node, LocationServiceMap.node]), [
-    [ConfigPluginSource.node, ConfigPluginSource.empty],
-    [Global.node, tempGlobalLayer],
+    ConfigPluginSource.node.replace(ConfigPluginSource.empty),
+    Global.node.replace(tempGlobalLayer),
   ]),
 )
 const refreshNpm = makeGlobalNode({
@@ -65,10 +65,7 @@ const refreshNpm = makeGlobalNode({
 const refreshIt = testEffect(
   AppNodeBuilder.build(
     LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node, SdkPlugins.node, LocationServiceMap.node, Global.node]),
-    [
-      [Global.node, tempGlobalLayer],
-      [Npm.node, refreshNpm],
-    ],
+    [Global.node.replace(tempGlobalLayer), Npm.node.replace(refreshNpm)],
   ),
 )
 

packages/core/test/config/skill.test.ts

@@ -86,14 +86,13 @@ const discover = (directory: string, global: string) =>
   }).pipe(
     Effect.provide(
       AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Config.node, Bus.node]), [
-        [
-          Location.node,
+        Location.node.replace(
           Layer.succeed(Location.Service, Location.Service.of(location({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(directory) }))),
-        ],
-        [Global.node, Global.layerWith({ config: global, home: path.join(global, "home") })],
-        [Credential.node, emptyCredentialNode],
-        [WellKnown.node, emptyWellknownNode],
-        [Watcher.node, Watcher.testLayer],
+        ),
+        Global.node.replace(Global.layerWith({ config: global, home: path.join(global, "home") })),
+        Credential.node.replace(emptyCredentialNode),
+        WellKnown.node.replace(emptyWellknownNode),
+        Watcher.node.replace(Watcher.testLayer),
       ]),
     ),
   )

packages/core/test/config/snapshot.test.ts

@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ describe("ConfigSnapshotPlugin.Plugin", () => {
           }).pipe(
             Effect.provide(
               AppNodeBuilder.build(Snapshot.node, [
-                [Location.node, Location.boundNode(Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(project) }))],
-                [Global.node, Global.layerWith({ data: tmp.path, config: path.join(tmp.path, "config") })],
+                Location.node.replace(Location.boundNode(Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(project) }))),
+                Global.node.replace(Global.layerWith({ data: tmp.path, config: path.join(tmp.path, "config") })),
               ]),
             ),
           )

packages/core/test/config/tool-output.test.ts

@@ -44,7 +44,9 @@ describe("ConfigToolOutputPlugin.Plugin", () => {
           }
           yield* Effect.die(new Error("Timed out waiting for tool output config reload"))
         }).pipe(
-          Effect.provide(AppNodeBuilder.build(ToolOutput.node, [[Global.node, Global.layerWith({ data: tmp.path })]])),
+          Effect.provide(
+            AppNodeBuilder.build(ToolOutput.node, [Global.node.replace(Global.layerWith({ data: tmp.path }))]),
+          ),
         ),
       (tmp) => Effect.promise(() => tmp[Symbol.asyncDispose]()),
     ).pipe(

packages/core/test/effect/cross-spawn-spawner.test.ts

@@ -147,6 +147,20 @@ describe("cross-spawn spawner", () => {
   })
 
   describe("stderr", () => {
+    fx.live(
+      "captures both streams across backpressure",
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const handle = yield* js(
+          'process.stdout.write("o".repeat(256 * 1024)); process.stderr.write("e".repeat(256 * 1024))',
+        )
+        const output = yield* Effect.all([decodeByteStream(handle.stdout), decodeByteStream(handle.stderr)], {
+          concurrency: "unbounded",
+        })
+        expect(output).toEqual(["o".repeat(256 * 1024), "e".repeat(256 * 1024)])
+        expect(yield* handle.exitCode).toBe(ChildProcessSpawner.ExitCode(0))
+      }),
+    )
+
     fx.effect(
       "captures stderr output",
       Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -199,6 +213,30 @@ describe("cross-spawn spawner", () => {
     )
   })
 
+  describe("delayed output consumption", () => {
+    for (const combined of [false, true]) {
+      fx.live(
+        `retains ${combined ? "combined" : "separate"} output after process completion`,
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const handle = yield* js(
+            'require("node:fs").writeSync(1, "stdout\\n"); require("node:fs").writeSync(2, "stderr\\n")',
+          )
+          expect(yield* handle.exitCode).toBe(ChildProcessSpawner.ExitCode(0))
+          if (combined) {
+            const output = yield* decodeByteStream(handle.all)
+            expect(output).toContain("stdout")
+            expect(output).toContain("stderr")
+            return
+          }
+          const output = yield* Effect.all([decodeByteStream(handle.stdout), decodeByteStream(handle.stderr)], {
+            concurrency: "unbounded",
+          })
+          expect(output).toEqual(["stdout", "stderr"])
+        }),
+      )
+    }
+  })
+
   describe("stdin", () => {
     fx.effect(
       "allows providing standard input to a command",

packages/core/test/effect/layer-node/layer-node-types.test.ts

@@ -13,131 +13,218 @@ class OtherError {
   readonly _tag = "OtherError"
 }
 
-const tags = LayerNode.tags({ app: [] })
-const make = tags.make("app")
-const build = <A, E>(root: LayerNode.Node<A, E, any>) => LayerNode.compile(root) as Layer.Layer<A, E>
-const aLayer = Layer.succeed(A, A.of({}))
-const bLayer = Layer.effect(B, Effect.as(A, B.of({})))
-const cLayer = Layer.effect(
-  C,
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
-    yield* A
-    yield* B
-    return C.of({})
-  }),
-)
-const failingA = Layer.effect(A, Effect.fail(new LayerError()))
-const a = make({ service: A, layer: aLayer, deps: [] })
-const b = make({ service: B, layer: bLayer, deps: [a] })
-const c = make({ service: C, layer: cLayer, deps: [a, b] })
-const failing = make({ service: A, layer: failingA, deps: [] })
-const dependent = make({ service: B, layer: bLayer, deps: [failing] })
-const inputA = LayerNode.unbound(A, tags.values.app)
-const inputDependent = make({ service: B, layer: bLayer, deps: [inputA] })
+// Keep intentionally invalid expressions out of runtime execution.
+const contracts = (tag: LayerNode.Tag<"app"> | LayerNode.Tag<"other">, flag: boolean) => {
+  const tags = LayerNode.tags({ app: [] })
+  const make = tags.make("app")
+  const aLayer = Layer.succeed(A, A.of({}))
+  const bLayer = Layer.effect(B, Effect.as(A, B.of({})))
+  const cLayer = Layer.effect(
+    C,
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      yield* A
+      yield* B
+      return C.of({})
+    }),
+  )
+  const a = make({ service: A, layer: aLayer, deps: [] })
+  const b = make({ service: B, layer: bLayer, deps: [a] })
+  const c = make({ service: C, layer: cLayer, deps: [a, b] })
+  const ab = make({ name: "a-and-b", layer: Layer.mergeAll(aLayer, Layer.succeed(B, {})), deps: [] })
+  const failing = make({ service: A, layer: Layer.effect(A, Effect.fail(new LayerError())), deps: [] })
+  const dependent = make({ service: B, layer: bLayer, deps: [failing] })
+  const inputA = LayerNode.unbound(A, tags.values.app)
+  const group = LayerNode.group([a, b])
 
-make({ name: "manual-a", layer: aLayer, deps: [] })
+  make({ name: "manual-a", layer: aLayer, deps: [] })
+  // @ts-expect-error A node must have a service or name
+  make({ layer: aLayer, deps: [] })
+  // @ts-expect-error Service and name are mutually exclusive
+  make({ service: A, name: "a", layer: aLayer, deps: [] })
+  // @ts-expect-error An explicit tagged contract requires a corresponding runtime tag
+  LayerNode.make<typeof aLayer, readonly [], typeof tags.values.app>({ service: A, layer: aLayer, deps: [] })
+  // @ts-expect-error B requires A
+  make({ service: B, layer: bLayer, deps: [] })
+  // @ts-expect-error C requires A and B
+  make({ service: C, layer: cLayer, deps: [a] })
+  const erasedLayer: Layer.Any = bLayer
+  // @ts-expect-error Erasing a Layer's contract cannot hide its inputs and errors
+  make({ service: B, layer: erasedLayer, deps: [] })
 
-// @ts-expect-error A node must have a service or name
-make({ layer: aLayer, deps: [] })
+  LayerNode.compile(c) satisfies Layer.Layer<C, never, never>
+  LayerNode.compile(dependent) satisfies Layer.Layer<B, LayerError, never>
+  LayerNode.compile(group) satisfies Layer.Layer<A | B, never, never>
+  LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group([])) satisfies Layer.Layer<never>
+  // @ts-expect-error An empty graph cannot supply arbitrary services
+  LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group([])) satisfies Layer.Layer<A>
+  LayerNode.compile(inputA, { replacements: [inputA.replace(a)] }) satisfies Layer.Layer<A, never, never>
+  // @ts-expect-error A is a private dependency, not a root output
+  LayerNode.compile(c) satisfies Layer.Layer<A | C>
+  // @ts-expect-error Dependency failures are not erased
+  LayerNode.compile(dependent) satisfies Layer.Layer<B>
 
-// @ts-expect-error Service and name are mutually exclusive
-make({ service: A, name: "a", layer: aLayer, deps: [] })
-
-// @ts-expect-error B requires A
-make({ service: B, layer: bLayer, deps: [] })
-
-// @ts-expect-error C requires A and B
-make({ service: C, layer: cLayer, deps: [a] })
-
-const closed = build(LayerNode.group([c]))
-const closedWithError = build(LayerNode.group([dependent]))
-const checkClosed: Layer.Layer<C, never, never> = closed
-const checkError: Layer.Layer<B, LayerError, never> = closedWithError
-void checkClosed
-void checkError
-
-LayerNode.compile(a, [[a, Layer.succeed(A, A.of({}))]])
-LayerNode.compile(a, [[a, make({ service: A, layer: Layer.succeed(A, A.of({})), deps: [] })]])
-
-// @ts-expect-error Replacement must provide A
-LayerNode.compile(a, [[a, Layer.succeed(B, B.of({}))]])
-
-// @ts-expect-error Node replacement must provide A
-const invalidNodeReplacement = () => LayerNode.compile(a, [[a, b]])
-void invalidNodeReplacement
-
-// @ts-expect-error Replacement cannot introduce a new error
-LayerNode.compile(a, [[a, Layer.effect(A, Effect.fail(new OtherError()))]])
-
-const invalidNodeErrorReplacement = () =>
+  const replacements: LayerNode.Replacements = [a.replace(aLayer), a.replace(ab), failing.replace(a)]
+  const replacement: LayerNode.Replacement = a.replace(Layer.mergeAll(aLayer, Layer.succeed(B, {})))
+  LayerNode.compile(a, { replacements: [...replacements, replacement] })
+  inputA.replace(a)
+  a.replace(a)
+  // @ts-expect-error Closed layer replacements must provide every source output
+  ab.replace(aLayer)
+  // @ts-expect-error Node replacements must provide every source output
+  ab.replace(a)
+  // @ts-expect-error Replacement must provide A
+  a.replace(Layer.succeed(B, {}))
+  // @ts-expect-error Node replacement must provide A
+  a.replace(b)
+  // @ts-expect-error Raw layers with inputs are not closed
+  a.replace(Layer.effect(A, Effect.as(B, A.of({}))))
+  // @ts-expect-error Replacement cannot introduce a new error
+  a.replace(Layer.effect(A, Effect.fail(new OtherError())))
   // @ts-expect-error Node replacement cannot introduce a new error
-  LayerNode.compile(a, [[a, make({ service: A, layer: Layer.effect(A, Effect.fail(new OtherError())), deps: [] })]])
-void invalidNodeErrorReplacement
+  a.replace(failing)
+  // @ts-expect-error Existing errors do not authorize unrelated replacement errors
+  failing.replace(Layer.effect(A, Effect.fail(new OtherError())))
+  // @ts-expect-error Every alternative of a node replacement must supply A
+  a.replace(flag ? a : b)
+  // @ts-expect-error Every alternative of a raw-layer replacement must supply A
+  a.replace(flag ? aLayer : Layer.succeed(B, {}))
+  // @ts-expect-error A valid alternative cannot hide a new error in another alternative
+  a.replace(flag ? a : failing)
+  a.replace(flag ? a : ab)
+  failing.replace(flag ? a : failing)
+  // @ts-expect-error Storing replacements must not erase their validation
+  const invalidStored: LayerNode.Replacements = [a.replace(b)]
+  // @ts-expect-error Raw tuples cannot be stored as opaque replacements
+  const rawStored: LayerNode.Replacements = [[a, aLayer]]
+  // @ts-expect-error Raw tuples cannot be supplied to compile
+  LayerNode.compile(a, { replacements: [[a, aLayer]] })
+  // @ts-expect-error Replacements are not structurally forgeable
+  const forged: LayerNode.Replacement = { source: a, target: a }
+  // @ts-expect-error Groups are not replaceable nodes
+  group.replace(a)
+  // @ts-expect-error Groups cannot be replacement targets
+  a.replace(group)
+  // @ts-expect-error Groups cannot be widened to nodes
+  const groupNode: LayerNode.Node<A | B, never, typeof tags.values.app> = group
+  // @ts-expect-error Graphs are opaque
+  const forgedGraph: LayerNode.Graph<A> = { name: "a" }
 
-class TagA extends Context.Service<TagA, {}>()("test/TagA") {}
-class TagB extends Context.Service<TagB, {}>()("test/TagB") {}
-class TagC extends Context.Service<TagC, {}>()("test/TagC") {}
+  const aContract: LayerNode.Node<A, never, typeof tags.values.app> = a
+  aContract.replace(aLayer)
+  // @ts-expect-error A method cannot be rebound to a declaration with a stronger contract
+  a.replace.call(ab, aLayer)
+  const detached = a.replace
+  // @ts-expect-error Replacement authority requires its checked receiver
+  detached(aLayer)
+  // @ts-expect-error Output narrowing cannot forget B before replacement
+  const narrowedOutput: LayerNode.Node<A, never, typeof tags.values.app> = ab
+  // @ts-expect-error Output widening cannot add B before replacement
+  const widenedOutput: LayerNode.Node<A | B, never, typeof tags.values.app> = a
+  // @ts-expect-error Error widening cannot authorize a new replacement error
+  const widenedError: LayerNode.Node<A, LayerError, typeof tags.values.app> = a
+  // @ts-expect-error Error narrowing cannot forget an existing failure
+  const narrowedError: LayerNode.Node<A, never, typeof tags.values.app> = failing
+  // @ts-expect-error Tag widening cannot authorize replacement across tags
+  const widenedTag: LayerNode.Node<A, never, LayerNode.Tag | undefined> = a
+  const unionTag = LayerNode.unbound(A, tag)
+  // @ts-expect-error Tag narrowing cannot forget a possible tag
+  const narrowedTag: LayerNode.Node<A, never, typeof tags.values.app> = unionTag
 
-const scopedTags = LayerNode.tags({ request: ["global"], global: [] })
-const request = scopedTags.make("request")
-const global = scopedTags.make("global")
-const globalA = global({ service: TagA, layer: Layer.succeed(TagA, TagA.of({})), deps: [] })
-const requestA = request({ service: TagA, layer: Layer.succeed(TagA, TagA.of({})), deps: [] })
-const requestB = request({ service: TagB, layer: Layer.succeed(TagB, TagB.of({})), deps: [] })
-const tagBLayer = Layer.effect(TagB, Effect.as(TagA, TagB.of({})))
-const tagCLayer = Layer.effect(
-  TagC,
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
-    yield* TagA
-    yield* TagB
-    return TagC.of({})
-  }),
-)
+  const outputProjection: LayerNode.Graph<A, never, typeof tags.values.app> = group
+  // @ts-expect-error Graph output projection cannot invent a service
+  const widenedGraph: LayerNode.Graph<A | B, never, typeof tags.values.app> = a
+  // @ts-expect-error A projected Graph has no replacement authority
+  outputProjection.replace(aLayer)
 
-request({ service: TagB, layer: tagBLayer, deps: [globalA] })
-request({ service: TagC, layer: tagCLayer, deps: [globalA, requestB] })
-request({ service: TagC, layer: tagCLayer, deps: [LayerNode.group([globalA, requestB])] })
+  const choice = flag ? a : b
+  // @ts-expect-error Choosing one dependency does not provide both services
+  make({ service: C, layer: cLayer, deps: [choice] })
+  // @ts-expect-error A conditional root promises only outputs present in every alternative
+  LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group([choice])) satisfies Layer.Layer<A | B>
+  const conditional = make({ name: "conditional", layer: flag ? aLayer : Layer.succeed(B, {}), deps: [] })
+  LayerNode.compile(conditional) satisfies Layer.Layer<never>
+  // @ts-expect-error A conditional implementation does not acquire both branches
+  LayerNode.compile(conditional) satisfies Layer.Layer<A | B>
+  LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group([flag ? a : ab])) satisfies Layer.Layer<A>
+  const dynamic: Array<typeof a> = []
+  // @ts-expect-error An unbounded array may contain no roots
+  LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group(dynamic)) satisfies Layer.Layer<A>
 
-// @ts-expect-error Tag configuration can only reference declared tags
-LayerNode.tags({ request: ["missing"], global: [] })
+  const decorated = b.mapLayer((layer) => layer.pipe(Layer.tap(() => Effect.void)))
+  LayerNode.compile(decorated) satisfies Layer.Layer<B>
+  b.replace(decorated)
+  // @ts-expect-error A layer mapper cannot be rebound to a weaker declaration
+  ab.mapLayer.call(a, (layer) => layer)
+  // @ts-expect-error mapLayer cannot add an input requirement
+  b.mapLayer((layer) => layer.pipe(Layer.tap(() => C)))
+  // @ts-expect-error mapLayer cannot grow the error channel
+  b.mapLayer((layer) => layer.pipe(Layer.tap(() => Effect.fail(new OtherError()))))
+  // @ts-expect-error mapLayer cannot drop an output
+  ab.mapLayer(() => aLayer)
+  // @ts-expect-error Unbound declarations have no implementation to map
+  inputA.mapLayer((layer: Layer.Layer<A>) => layer)
 
-// @ts-expect-error An unrelated dependency cannot satisfy TagA
-request({ service: TagB, layer: tagBLayer, deps: [requestB] })
+  const scopedTags = LayerNode.tags({ request: ["global"], global: [] })
+  const request = scopedTags.make("request")
+  const global = scopedTags.make("global")
+  const globalA = global({ service: A, layer: aLayer, deps: [] })
+  const requestA = request({ service: A, layer: aLayer, deps: [] })
+  const requestB = request({ service: B, layer: Layer.succeed(B, {}), deps: [] })
+  request({ service: B, layer: bLayer, deps: [globalA] })
+  request({ service: C, layer: cLayer, deps: [globalA, requestB] })
+  request({ service: C, layer: cLayer, deps: [LayerNode.group([globalA, requestB])] })
+  LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group([globalA, requestB]), { shared: scopedTags.values.global }) satisfies Layer.Layer<
+    A | B
+  >
+  // @ts-expect-error Tag configuration can only reference declared tags
+  LayerNode.tags({ request: ["missing"], global: [] })
+  // @ts-expect-error Shared tags must be branded
+  LayerNode.compile(globalA, { shared: "global" })
+  // @ts-expect-error Replacement targets must keep the source tag
+  globalA.replace(requestA)
+  // @ts-expect-error Replacement targets must keep the source tag in either direction
+  requestA.replace(globalA)
+  // @ts-expect-error Every alternative must keep the source tag
+  globalA.replace(flag ? globalA : requestA)
+  // @ts-expect-error Providing only A leaves B missing
+  request({ service: C, layer: cLayer, deps: [globalA] })
+  // @ts-expect-error Providing only B leaves A missing
+  request({ service: C, layer: cLayer, deps: [requestB] })
+  // @ts-expect-error Duplicate A providers still leave B missing
+  request({ service: C, layer: cLayer, deps: [globalA, requestA] })
+  // @ts-expect-error A group with only A still leaves B missing
+  request({ service: C, layer: cLayer, deps: [LayerNode.group([globalA])] })
+  // @ts-expect-error Global cannot depend on request
+  global({ service: B, layer: bLayer, deps: [requestA] })
+  // @ts-expect-error Groups preserve their child tags
+  global({ service: B, layer: bLayer, deps: [LayerNode.group([requestA])] })
 
-// @ts-expect-error Providing only TagA leaves TagB missing
-request({ service: TagC, layer: tagCLayer, deps: [globalA] })
+  const globalScopedA = makeGlobalNode({ service: A, layer: aLayer, deps: [] })
+  const locationScopedA = makeLocationNode({ service: A, layer: aLayer, deps: [] })
+  makeGlobalNode({ service: B, layer: bLayer, deps: [globalScopedA] })
+  makeLocationNode({ service: B, layer: bLayer, deps: [globalScopedA] })
+  makeLocationNode({ service: B, layer: bLayer, deps: [locationScopedA] })
+  // @ts-expect-error Global nodes cannot depend on location nodes
+  makeGlobalNode({ service: B, layer: bLayer, deps: [locationScopedA] })
+  // @ts-expect-error B requires A
+  makeLocationNode({ service: B, layer: bLayer, deps: [] })
 
-// @ts-expect-error Providing only TagB leaves TagA missing
-request({ service: TagC, layer: tagCLayer, deps: [requestB] })
+  void [
+    invalidStored,
+    rawStored,
+    forged,
+    groupNode,
+    forgedGraph,
+    narrowedOutput,
+    widenedOutput,
+    widenedError,
+    narrowedError,
+    widenedTag,
+    narrowedTag,
+    widenedGraph,
+  ]
+}
 
-// @ts-expect-error Duplicate TagA providers still leave TagB missing
-request({ service: TagC, layer: tagCLayer, deps: [globalA, requestA] })
-
-// @ts-expect-error A group with only TagA still leaves TagB missing
-request({ service: TagC, layer: tagCLayer, deps: [LayerNode.group([globalA])] })
-
-// @ts-expect-error Global cannot depend on request
-global({ service: TagB, layer: tagBLayer, deps: [requestA] })
-
-// @ts-expect-error Groups preserve their child tags
-global({ service: TagB, layer: tagBLayer, deps: [LayerNode.group([requestA])] })
-
-class ScopedA extends Context.Service<ScopedA, {}>()("test/ScopedA") {}
-class ScopedB extends Context.Service<ScopedB, {}>()("test/ScopedB") {}
-
-const scopedA = Layer.succeed(ScopedA, ScopedA.of({}))
-const scopedB = Layer.effect(ScopedB, Effect.as(ScopedA, ScopedB.of({})))
-const globalScopedA = makeGlobalNode({ service: ScopedA, layer: scopedA, deps: [] })
-const locationScopedA = makeLocationNode({ service: ScopedA, layer: scopedA, deps: [] })
-
-makeGlobalNode({ service: ScopedB, layer: scopedB, deps: [globalScopedA] })
-makeLocationNode({ service: ScopedB, layer: scopedB, deps: [globalScopedA] })
-makeLocationNode({ service: ScopedB, layer: scopedB, deps: [locationScopedA] })
-
-// @ts-expect-error Global nodes cannot depend on location nodes
-makeGlobalNode({ service: ScopedB, layer: scopedB, deps: [locationScopedA] })
-
-// @ts-expect-error ScopedB requires ScopedA
-makeLocationNode({ service: ScopedB, layer: scopedB, deps: [] })
-
-test("type exploration compiles", () => {})
+test("layer node type contracts compile", () => {
+  void contracts
+})

packages/core/test/effect/layer-node/layer-node.test.ts

@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { Context, Effect, Layer } from "effect"
+import { Context, Deferred, Duration, Effect, Fiber, Layer, LayerMap, Option } from "effect"
 import { LayerNode } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/layer-node"
+import { testEffect } from "../../lib/effect"
 
 class Value extends Context.Service<Value, { readonly value: string }>()("test/LayerNodeValue") {}
 class Greeting extends Context.Service<Greeting, { readonly value: string }>()("test/LayerNodeGreeting") {}
 class Left extends Context.Service<Left, { readonly value: string }>()("test/LayerNodeLeft") {}
 class Right extends Context.Service<Right, { readonly value: string }>()("test/LayerNodeRight") {}
-class Database extends Context.Service<Database, { readonly name: string }>()("test/GraphDatabase") {}
-class Users extends Context.Service<Users, { readonly list: Effect.Effect<string[]> }>()("test/GraphUsers") {}
-class App extends Context.Service<App, { readonly run: Effect.Effect<string[]> }>()("test/GraphApp") {}
+class Memo extends Context.Service<Memo, Layer.MemoMap>()("test/LayerNodeMemo") {}
+class Support extends Context.Service<Support, {}>()("test/LayerNodeSupport") {}
+class Locations extends Context.Service<Locations, LayerMap.LayerMap<string, Value | Right, "failed location">>()(
+  "test/LayerNodeLocations",
+) {}
 
+const it = testEffect(Layer.empty)
 const tags = LayerNode.tags({ app: [] })
 const make = tags.make("app")
-const build = <A, E>(root: LayerNode.Node<A, E, any>, replacements?: readonly LayerNode.Replacement[]) =>
-  LayerNode.compile(root, replacements) as Layer.Layer<A, E>
 const valueLayer = Layer.succeed(Value, Value.of({ value: "production" }))
 const greetingLayer = Layer.effect(
   Greeting,
@@ -23,240 +25,443 @@ const value = make({ service: Value, layer: valueLayer, deps: [] })
 const greeting = make({ service: Greeting, layer: greetingLayer, deps: [value] })
 
 describe("layer node", () => {
-  test("builds an untagged graph", async () => {
-    const value = LayerNode.make({ service: Value, layer: valueLayer, deps: [] })
-    const greeting = LayerNode.make({ service: Greeting, layer: greetingLayer, deps: [value] })
-    const program = Effect.map(Greeting, (item) => item.value).pipe(
-      Effect.provide(LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group([greeting]))),
+  it.effect("builds an untagged graph", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const value = LayerNode.make({ service: Value, layer: valueLayer, deps: [] })
+      const greeting = LayerNode.make({ service: Greeting, layer: greetingLayer, deps: [value] })
+      const result = yield* Greeting.pipe(Effect.provide(LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group([greeting]))))
+      expect(result.value).toBe("hello production")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("exposes roots but hides transitive dependencies", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const context = yield* Layer.build(LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group([greeting])))
+      expect(Context.get(context, Greeting).value).toBe("hello production")
+      expect(Option.isNone(Context.getOption(context, Value))).toBe(true)
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("replaces exact declarations, not sibling names or native layer identities", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const sibling = make({ service: Value, layer: valueLayer, deps: [] })
+      const target = make({ name: "different-name", layer: Layer.succeed(Value, { value: "replaced" }), deps: [] })
+      const left = make({
+        service: Left,
+        layer: Layer.effect(
+          Left,
+          Effect.map(Value, (item) => Left.of({ value: item.value })),
+        ),
+        deps: [value],
+      })
+      const right = make({
+        service: Right,
+        layer: Layer.effect(
+          Right,
+          Effect.map(Value, (item) => Right.of({ value: item.value })),
+        ),
+        deps: [sibling],
+      })
+      const context = yield* Layer.build(
+        LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group([left, right]), { replacements: [value.replace(target)] }),
+      )
+      expect(Context.get(context, Left).value).toBe("replaced")
+      expect(Context.get(context, Right).value).toBe("production")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("requires reachable unbound nodes to be replaced", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const unbound = LayerNode.unbound(Value, tags.values.app)
+      const root = make({ service: Greeting, layer: greetingLayer, deps: [unbound] })
+      expect(() => LayerNode.compile(root)).toThrow("Unbound layer node: test/LayerNodeValue")
+      const result = yield* Greeting.pipe(
+        Effect.provide(LayerNode.compile(root, { replacements: [unbound.replace(value)] })),
+      )
+      expect(result.value).toBe("hello production")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("replaces every use of a declaration with a stored closed-layer replacement", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const replacements: LayerNode.Replacements = [value.replace(Layer.succeed(Value, { value: "replacement" }))]
+      const right = make({
+        service: Right,
+        layer: Layer.effect(
+          Right,
+          Effect.map(Value, (item) => Right.of({ value: item.value })),
+        ),
+        deps: [value],
+      })
+      const context = yield* Layer.build(LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group([greeting, right]), { replacements }))
+      expect(Context.get(context, Greeting).value).toBe("hello replacement")
+      expect(Context.get(context, Right).value).toBe("replacement")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("uses the last replacement and ignores unreachable unbound defaults and cycles", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const unbound = LayerNode.unbound(Value, tags.values.app)
+      const unused = make({ service: Value, layer: valueLayer, deps: [] })
+      const result = yield* Greeting.pipe(
+        Effect.provide(
+          LayerNode.compile(greeting, {
+            replacements: [
+              value.replace(unbound),
+              unbound.replace(unused),
+              unused.replace(unbound),
+              value.replace(Layer.succeed(Value, { value: "last" })),
+            ],
+          }),
+        ),
+      )
+      expect(result.value).toBe("hello last")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("resolves target chains independently of replacement order and treats self-replacement as identity", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const middle = make({ service: Value, layer: Layer.succeed(Value, { value: "middle" }), deps: [] })
+      const target = make({ service: Value, layer: Layer.succeed(Value, { value: "target" }), deps: [] })
+      const result = yield* Greeting.pipe(
+        Effect.provide(
+          LayerNode.compile(greeting, {
+            replacements: [target.replace(target), middle.replace(target), value.replace(middle)],
+          }),
+        ),
+      )
+      expect(result.value).toBe("hello target")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  test("rejects reachable replacement and dependency cycles", () => {
+    const other = make({ service: Value, layer: valueLayer, deps: [] })
+    expect(() => LayerNode.compile(greeting, { replacements: [value.replace(other), other.replace(value)] })).toThrow(
+      "Cycle detected in layer graph",
     )
-    expect(await Effect.runPromise(program)).toBe("hello production")
-  })
-
-  test("builds a dependency graph", async () => {
-    const program = Effect.map(Greeting, (item) => item.value).pipe(Effect.provide(build(LayerNode.group([greeting]))))
-    expect(await Effect.runPromise(program)).toBe("hello production")
-  })
-
-  test("exposes roots but hides transitive dependencies", () => {
-    const layer = build(LayerNode.group([greeting]))
-    const check: Layer.Layer<Greeting> = layer
-    void check
-  })
-
-  test("preserves branch-specific implementations across roots", async () => {
-    const firstValue = make({ service: Value, layer: Layer.succeed(Value, Value.of({ value: "first" })), deps: [] })
-    const secondValue = make({ service: Value, layer: Layer.succeed(Value, Value.of({ value: "second" })), deps: [] })
-    const leftLayer = Layer.effect(
-      Left,
-      Effect.map(Value, (item) => Left.of({ value: item.value })),
-    )
-    const rightLayer = Layer.effect(
-      Right,
-      Effect.map(Value, (item) => Right.of({ value: item.value })),
-    )
-    const left = make({ service: Left, layer: leftLayer, deps: [firstValue] })
-    const right = make({ service: Right, layer: rightLayer, deps: [secondValue] })
-    const layer = build(LayerNode.group([left, right]))
-    const program = Effect.gen(function* () {
-      return [(yield* Left).value, (yield* Right).value]
-    }).pipe(Effect.provide(layer))
-    expect(await Effect.runPromise(program)).toEqual(["first", "second"])
-  })
-
-  test("requires unbound nodes to be replaced before compilation", async () => {
-    const unbound = LayerNode.unbound(Value, tags.values.app)
-    const greeting = make({ service: Greeting, layer: greetingLayer, deps: [unbound] })
-    const tree = LayerNode.group([greeting])
-    expect(() => LayerNode.compile(tree)).toThrow("Unbound layer node: test/LayerNodeValue")
-    const layer = LayerNode.compile(tree, [[unbound, value]]) as Layer.Layer<Greeting>
-    const program = Effect.map(Greeting, (item) => item.value).pipe(Effect.provide(layer))
-    expect(await Effect.runPromise(program)).toBe("hello production")
-  })
-
-  test("replaces a node with a closed layer", async () => {
-    const replacement = Layer.succeed(Value, Value.of({ value: "simulation" }))
-    const program = Effect.map(Greeting, (item) => item.value).pipe(
-      Effect.provide(build(LayerNode.group([greeting]), [[value, replacement]])),
-    )
-    expect(await Effect.runPromise(program)).toBe("hello simulation")
-  })
-
-  test("replaces every use of the same layer", async () => {
-    const leftLayer = Layer.effect(
-      Left,
-      Effect.map(Value, (item) => Left.of({ value: item.value })),
-    )
-    const rightLayer = Layer.effect(
-      Right,
-      Effect.map(Value, (item) => Right.of({ value: item.value })),
-    )
-    const left = make({ service: Left, layer: leftLayer, deps: [value] })
-    const right = make({ service: Right, layer: rightLayer, deps: [value] })
-    const replacement = Layer.succeed(Value, Value.of({ value: "replaced" }))
-    const layer = build(LayerNode.group([left, right]), [[value, replacement]])
-    const program = Effect.gen(function* () {
-      return [(yield* Left).value, (yield* Right).value]
-    }).pipe(Effect.provide(layer))
-    expect(await Effect.runPromise(program)).toEqual(["replaced", "replaced"])
-  })
-
-  test("does not acquire an unused replacement", async () => {
-    let acquisitions = 0
-    const other = make({ service: Left, layer: Layer.succeed(Left, Left.of({ value: "other" })), deps: [] })
-    const replacement = Layer.effect(
-      Left,
-      Effect.sync(() => {
-        acquisitions++
-        return Left.of({ value: "replacement" })
-      }),
-    )
-    await Effect.runPromise(
-      Effect.map(Greeting, (item) => item.value).pipe(
-        Effect.provide(build(LayerNode.group([greeting]), [[other, replacement]])),
-      ),
-    )
-    expect(acquisitions).toBe(0)
-  })
-
-  test("replaces a node without acquiring its dependencies", async () => {
-    let acquisitions = 0
-    const dependencyLayer = Layer.effect(
-      Value,
-      Effect.sync(() => {
-        acquisitions++
-        return Value.of({ value: "dependency" })
-      }),
-    )
-    const dependency = make({ service: Value, layer: dependencyLayer, deps: [] })
-    const original = make({ service: Greeting, layer: greetingLayer, deps: [dependency] })
-    const replacement = make({
-      service: Greeting,
-      layer: Layer.succeed(Greeting, Greeting.of({ value: "replacement" })),
-      deps: [],
-    })
-
-    const program = Effect.map(Greeting, (item) => item.value).pipe(
-      Effect.provide(build(LayerNode.group([original]), [[original, replacement]])),
-    )
-
-    expect(await Effect.runPromise(program)).toBe("replacement")
-    expect(acquisitions).toBe(0)
-  })
-
-  test("applies later replacements inside earlier replacement nodes", async () => {
-    const original = make({ service: Greeting, layer: greetingLayer, deps: [value] })
-    const replacement = make({ service: Greeting, layer: greetingLayer, deps: [value] })
-    const program = Effect.map(Greeting, (item) => item.value).pipe(
-      Effect.provide(
-        build(LayerNode.group([original]), [
-          [original, replacement],
-          [value, Layer.succeed(Value, Value.of({ value: "replacement dependency" }))],
-        ]),
-      ),
-    )
-
-    expect(await Effect.runPromise(program)).toBe("hello replacement dependency")
-  })
-
-  test("hoists and compiles tagged graphs", async () => {
-    const tags = LayerNode.tags({ location: ["global"], global: [] })
-    const global = tags.make("global")
-    const location = tags.make("location")
-    const database = global({
-      service: Database,
-      layer: Layer.succeed(Database, Database.of({ name: "Alice" })),
-      deps: [],
-    })
-    const users = location({
-      service: Users,
+    const dependent = make({
+      service: Value,
       layer: Layer.effect(
-        Users,
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const db = yield* Database
-          return Users.of({ list: Effect.succeed([db.name]) })
-        }),
+        Value,
+        Effect.map(Greeting, (item) => Value.of({ value: item.value })),
       ),
-      deps: [database],
+      deps: [greeting],
     })
-    const app = location({
-      service: App,
-      layer: Layer.effect(
-        App,
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const service = yield* Users
-          return App.of({ run: service.list })
-        }),
-      ),
-      deps: [users],
-    })
-
-    const result = LayerNode.hoist(LayerNode.group([app]), tags.values.global)
-    expect(result.node.dependencies[0]?.dependencies[0]?.dependencies[0]).toMatchObject({
-      kind: "group",
-      dependencies: [],
-    })
-    expect(result.hoisted.dependencies).toEqual([database])
-
-    const layer = LayerNode.compile(result.node).pipe(
-      Layer.provide(LayerNode.compile(result.hoisted)),
-    ) as unknown as Layer.Layer<App>
-    const program = Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const app = yield* App
-      return yield* app.run
-    }).pipe(Effect.provide(layer))
-
-    expect(await Effect.runPromise(program)).toEqual(["Alice"])
-  })
-
-  test("rejects conflicting hoisted implementations", () => {
-    const tags = LayerNode.tags({ location: ["global"], global: [] })
-    const global = tags.make("global")
-    const location = tags.make("location")
-    const first = global({
-      service: Database,
-      layer: Layer.succeed(Database, Database.of({ name: "first" })),
-      deps: [],
-    })
-    const second = global({
-      service: Database,
-      layer: Layer.succeed(Database, Database.of({ name: "second" })),
-      deps: [],
-    })
-    const left = location({
-      service: Users,
-      layer: Layer.effect(Users, Effect.as(Database, Users.of({ list: Effect.succeed([]) }))),
-      deps: [first],
-    })
-    const right = location({
-      service: App,
-      layer: Layer.effect(App, Effect.as(Database, App.of({ run: Effect.succeed([]) }))),
-      deps: [second],
-    })
-
-    expect(() => LayerNode.hoist(LayerNode.group([left, right]), tags.values.global)).toThrow(
-      "Tag global has conflicting implementations for test/GraphDatabase",
+    expect(() => LayerNode.compile(greeting, { replacements: [value.replace(dependent)] })).toThrow(
+      "Cycle detected in layer graph",
     )
   })
 
-  test("treats dependency groups as transparent while hoisting", () => {
-    const tags = LayerNode.tags({ location: ["global"], global: [] })
-    const global = tags.make("global")
-    const location = tags.make("location")
-    const database = global({
-      service: Database,
-      layer: Layer.succeed(Database, Database.of({ name: "Alice" })),
-      deps: [],
-    })
-    const users = location({
-      service: Users,
-      layer: Layer.effect(Users, Effect.as(Database, Users.of({ list: Effect.succeed([]) }))),
-      deps: [LayerNode.group([database])],
-    })
-    const result = LayerNode.hoist(LayerNode.group([users]), tags.values.global)
+  it.effect("does not acquire replaced dependencies or unused replacement targets", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const acquired: string[] = []
+      const dependency = make({
+        service: Value,
+        layer: Layer.effect(
+          Value,
+          Effect.sync(() => {
+            acquired.push("old dependency")
+            return Value.of({ value: "dependency" })
+          }),
+        ),
+        deps: [],
+      })
+      const original = make({ service: Greeting, layer: greetingLayer, deps: [dependency] })
+      const result = yield* Greeting.pipe(
+        Effect.provide(
+          LayerNode.compile(original, {
+            replacements: [
+              original.replace(Layer.succeed(Greeting, { value: "replacement" })),
+              value.replace(
+                Layer.effect(
+                  Value,
+                  Effect.sync(() => {
+                    acquired.push("unused target")
+                    return Value.of({ value: "unused" })
+                  }),
+                ),
+              ),
+            ],
+          }),
+        ),
+      )
+      expect(result.value).toBe("replacement")
+      expect(acquired).toEqual([])
+    }),
+  )
 
-    expect(result.node.dependencies[0]?.dependencies[0]?.dependencies[0]).toMatchObject({
-      kind: "group",
-      dependencies: [],
-    })
+  it.effect("mapLayer preserves dependency wiring and replacement traversal", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const acquired: string[] = []
+      const decorated = greeting.mapLayer((layer) =>
+        layer.pipe(
+          Layer.tap((context) =>
+            Effect.sync(() => {
+              acquired.push(Context.get(context, Greeting).value)
+            }),
+          ),
+        ),
+      )
+      const result = yield* Greeting.pipe(
+        Effect.provide(
+          LayerNode.compile(greeting, {
+            replacements: [
+              greeting.replace(decorated),
+              value.replace(Layer.succeed(Value, { value: "mapped dependency" })),
+            ],
+          }),
+        ),
+      )
+      expect(result.value).toBe("hello mapped dependency")
+      expect(acquired).toEqual(["hello mapped dependency"])
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("memoizes shared wiring instead of expanding a diamond into a tree", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const acquisitions: string[] = []
+      const shared = value.mapLayer((layer) =>
+        layer.pipe(Layer.tap(() => Effect.sync(() => acquisitions.push("shared")))),
+      )
+      const left = make({ name: "left", layer: Layer.empty, deps: [shared] })
+      const right = make({ name: "right", layer: Layer.empty, deps: [shared] })
+      yield* Layer.build(LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group([left, right])))
+      expect(acquisitions).toEqual(["shared"])
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("preserves declared memo-service outputs rather than filtering them as build metadata", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const supplied = yield* Layer.makeMemoMap
+      const memo = make({
+        service: Layer.CurrentMemoMap,
+        layer: Layer.succeed(Layer.CurrentMemoMap, supplied),
+        deps: [],
+      })
+      const observer = make({ service: Memo, layer: Layer.effect(Memo, Layer.CurrentMemoMap), deps: [memo] })
+      expect(yield* Memo.pipe(Effect.provide(LayerNode.compile(observer)))).toBe(supplied)
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("rejects one implementation wired to different effective dependencies in either memo domain", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const other = make({ service: Value, layer: Layer.succeed(Value, { value: "other" }), deps: [] })
+      const sibling = make({ service: Greeting, layer: greetingLayer, deps: [other] })
+      const root = LayerNode.group([greeting, sibling])
+      expect(() => LayerNode.compile(root)).toThrow("wired to different dependencies")
+      expect(() => LayerNode.compile(root, { shared: tags.values.app })).toThrow("wired to different dependencies")
+      const result = yield* Greeting.pipe(
+        Effect.provide(LayerNode.compile(root, { replacements: [value.replace(other)] })),
+      )
+      expect(result.value).toBe("hello other")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("starts dependencies in parallel and nested group roots in order", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const valueStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+      const greetingStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+      const firstStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+      const releaseFirst = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+      const events: string[] = []
+      const value = make({
+        service: Value,
+        layer: Layer.effect(
+          Value,
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            yield* Deferred.succeed(valueStarted, undefined)
+            yield* Deferred.await(greetingStarted)
+            return Value.of({ value: "value" })
+          }),
+        ),
+        deps: [],
+      })
+      const greeting = make({
+        service: Greeting,
+        layer: Layer.effect(
+          Greeting,
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            yield* Deferred.succeed(greetingStarted, undefined)
+            yield* Deferred.await(valueStarted)
+            return Greeting.of({ value: "greeting" })
+          }),
+        ),
+        deps: [],
+      })
+      const first = make({
+        service: Left,
+        layer: Layer.effect(
+          Left,
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            yield* Value
+            yield* Greeting
+            events.push("first started")
+            yield* Deferred.succeed(firstStarted, undefined)
+            yield* Deferred.await(releaseFirst)
+            events.push("first finished")
+            return Left.of({ value: "first" })
+          }),
+        ),
+        deps: [value, greeting],
+      })
+      const second = make({
+        service: Right,
+        layer: Layer.effect(
+          Right,
+          Effect.sync(() => {
+            expect(events).toEqual(["first started", "first finished"])
+            events.push("second started")
+            return Right.of({ value: "second" })
+          }),
+        ),
+        deps: [],
+      })
+      const fiber = yield* Layer.build(LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group([LayerNode.group([first]), second]))).pipe(
+        Effect.forkChild,
+      )
+      yield* Deferred.await(firstStarted)
+      expect(events).toEqual(["first started"])
+      yield* Deferred.succeed(releaseFirst, undefined)
+      const context = yield* Fiber.join(fiber)
+      expect(events).toEqual(["first started", "first finished", "second started"])
+      expect(Context.get(context, Left).value).toBe("first")
+      expect(Context.get(context, Right).value).toBe("second")
+    }),
+  )
+  ;[false, true].forEach((topLevel) => {
+    it.effect(
+      `LayerMap isolates builds and retains resources ${topLevel ? "with" : "without"} a top-level global owner`,
+      () =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const acquired = { global: 0, local: 0, support: 0 }
+          const released: string[] = []
+          const startup: string[] = []
+          yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const memoMap = yield* Layer.makeMemoMap
+            const tags = LayerNode.tags({ location: ["global"], global: [] })
+            const global = tags.make("global")
+            const location = tags.make("location")
+            const support = LayerNode.make({
+              service: Support,
+              layer: Layer.effect(
+                Support,
+                Effect.acquireRelease(
+                  Effect.sync(() => {
+                    acquired.support++
+                    return Support.of({})
+                  }),
+                  () =>
+                    Effect.sync(() => {
+                      released.push("support")
+                    }),
+                ),
+              ),
+              deps: [],
+            })
+            const value = global({
+              service: Value,
+              layer: Layer.effect(
+                Value,
+                Effect.andThen(
+                  Support,
+                  Effect.acquireRelease(
+                    Effect.sync(() => {
+                      startup.push("global")
+                      return Value.of({ value: `global-${++acquired.global}` })
+                    }),
+                    (value) =>
+                      Effect.sync(() => {
+                        released.push(value.value)
+                      }),
+                  ),
+                ),
+              ),
+              deps: [support],
+            })
+            const local = location({
+              service: Greeting,
+              layer: Layer.effect(
+                Greeting,
+                Effect.gen(function* () {
+                  yield* Value
+                  return yield* Effect.acquireRelease(
+                    Effect.sync(() => Greeting.of({ value: `local-${++acquired.local}` })),
+                    (value) =>
+                      Effect.sync(() => {
+                        released.push(value.value)
+                      }),
+                  )
+                }),
+              ),
+              deps: [LayerNode.group([value])],
+            })
+            const root = location({
+              service: Right,
+              layer: Layer.effect(
+                Right,
+                Effect.gen(function* () {
+                  const local = yield* Greeting
+                  if (local.value === "local-2") return yield* Effect.fail("failed location" as const)
+                  return Right.of(local)
+                }),
+              ),
+              deps: [local],
+            })
+            // Every key builds the same compiled Layer, not a new graph per lookup.
+            const compiled = LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group([value, root]), { shared: tags.values.global })
+            const locations = location({
+              service: Locations,
+              layer: Layer.effect(
+                Locations,
+                Effect.gen(function* () {
+                  startup.push("map")
+                  expect(Option.getOrUndefined(yield* Effect.serviceOption(Layer.CurrentMemoMap))).toBe(memoMap)
+                  return yield* LayerMap.make((_: string) => compiled, { idleTimeToLive: Duration.infinity })
+                }),
+              ),
+              deps: [],
+            })
+            const scope = yield* Effect.scope
+            const context = yield* Layer.buildWithMemoMap(
+              LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group([locations, ...(topLevel ? [value] : [])]), {
+                shared: tags.values.global,
+              }),
+              memoMap,
+              scope,
+            )
+            expect(startup).toEqual(topLevel ? ["map", "global"] : ["map"])
+            const map = Context.get(context, Locations)
+            const first = yield* map.contextEffect("first").pipe(Effect.scoped)
+            expect(Option.getOrUndefined(Context.getOption(context, Value))).toBe(
+              topLevel ? Context.get(first, Value) : undefined,
+            )
+            expect(Option.isNone(Context.getOption(first, Greeting))).toBe(true)
+            expect(Context.get(first, Right).value).toBe("local-1")
+
+            expect(yield* map.contextEffect("failed").pipe(Effect.scoped, Effect.flip)).toBe("failed location")
+            expect(released).toEqual(["local-2"])
+            expect(Context.get(yield* map.contextEffect("first").pipe(Effect.scoped), Right)).toBe(
+              Context.get(first, Right),
+            )
+
+            const second = yield* map.contextEffect("second").pipe(Effect.scoped)
+            expect(Context.get(second, Value)).toBe(Context.get(first, Value))
+            expect(Context.get(second, Right)).not.toBe(Context.get(first, Right))
+            expect(acquired).toEqual({ global: 1, local: 3, support: 1 })
+
+            yield* map.invalidate("first")
+            expect(released).toEqual(["local-2", "local-1"])
+            expect(Context.get(yield* map.contextEffect("second").pipe(Effect.scoped), Right)).toBe(
+              Context.get(second, Right),
+            )
+            const rebuilt = yield* map.contextEffect("first").pipe(Effect.scoped)
+            expect(Context.get(rebuilt, Right).value).toBe("local-4")
+            expect(Context.get(rebuilt, Value)).toBe(Context.get(first, Value))
+            expect(acquired).toEqual({ global: 1, local: 4, support: 1 })
+            expect(released).not.toContain("global-1")
+          }).pipe(Effect.scoped)
+          expect(released.toSorted()).toEqual(["global-1", "local-1", "local-2", "local-3", "local-4", "support"])
+        }),
+    )
   })
 })

packages/core/test/effect/layer-node/node-build.test.ts

@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { Context, Effect, Layer, LayerMap, Option } from "effect"
+import { Context, Effect, Layer, Option } from "effect"
 import { Node } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/app-node"
 import { AppNodeBuilder } from "@opencode-ai/core/effect/app-node-builder"
 import { LayerNode } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/layer-node"
 import { Location } from "@opencode-ai/core/location"
 import { LocationServiceMap } from "@opencode-ai/core/location-service-map"
-import type { LocationError, LocationServices } from "@opencode-ai/core/location-services"
+import { buildLocationServiceMap } from "@opencode-ai/core/location-services"
 import { Project } from "@opencode-ai/core/project"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
 import { tmpdir } from "../../fixture/tmpdir"
+import { testEffect } from "../../lib/effect"
 
 class Value extends Context.Service<Value, { readonly value: string }>()("test/TagValue") {}
 class Result extends Context.Service<Result, { readonly value: string }>()("test/TagResult") {}
 class CycleA extends Context.Service<CycleA, {}>()("test/NodeBuildA") {}
 class CycleB extends Context.Service<CycleB, { readonly directory: AbsolutePath }>()("test/NodeBuildB") {}
 
+const it = testEffect(Layer.empty)
+
 describe("node build", () => {
   test("does not build a location service map when the graph does not require it", async () => {
     const result = Node.makeGlobalNode({
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@ describe("node build", () => {
     expect(await Effect.runPromise(program)).toBe("plain")
   })
 
-  test("detects cycles through a replaced location service map", async () => {
+  test("detects cycles through a replaced location service map", () => {
     const a = Node.makeGlobalNode({
       service: CycleA,
       layer: Layer.effect(CycleA, Effect.as(LocationServiceMap.Service, CycleA.of({}))),
@@ -45,31 +48,49 @@ describe("node build", () => {
       ),
       deps: [a],
     })
-    const mapLayer = Layer.effect(
-      LocationServiceMap.Service,
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const service = yield* CycleB
-        return yield* LayerMap.make(
-          (ref: Location.Ref) =>
-            Layer.succeed(
-              Location.Service,
-              Location.Service.of({
-                directory: ref.directory,
-                workspaceID: ref.workspaceID,
-                project: { id: Project.ID.global, directory: service.directory, canonical: service.directory },
-              }),
-            ),
-          { idleTimeToLive: "1 minute" },
-        )
-      }) as unknown as Effect.Effect<LayerMap.LayerMap<Location.Ref, LocationServices, LocationError>, never, CycleB>,
-    )
+    const mapLayer = Layer.unwrap(Effect.as(CycleB, buildLocationServiceMap()))
     const map = Node.makeGlobalNode({ service: LocationServiceMap.Service, layer: mapLayer, deps: [b] })
-    expect(() => AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([a]), [[LocationServiceMap.node, map]])).toThrow(
-      "Cycle detected in layer tree",
+    expect(() => AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([a]), [LocationServiceMap.node.replace(map)])).toThrow(
+      "Cycle detected in layer graph",
     )
   })
 
-  test("shares top-level project with location services", async () => {
+  it.effect("supplies the lazy map when only a replacement introduces the dependency", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const original = Node.makeGlobalNode({
+        service: Result,
+        layer: Layer.succeed(Result, { value: "original" }),
+        deps: [],
+      })
+      const replacement = Node.makeGlobalNode({
+        service: Result,
+        layer: Layer.effect(Result, Effect.as(LocationServiceMap.Service, Result.of({ value: "has map" }))),
+        deps: [LocationServiceMap.node],
+      })
+      const result = yield* Result.pipe(Effect.provide(AppNodeBuilder.build(original, [original.replace(replacement)])))
+      expect(result.value).toBe("has map")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("caller replacements override the lazy default without building any locations", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const acquisitions: string[] = []
+      const override = buildLocationServiceMap().pipe(
+        Layer.tap(() =>
+          Effect.sync(() => {
+            acquisitions.push("caller map")
+          }),
+        ),
+      )
+      const context = yield* Layer.build(
+        AppNodeBuilder.build(LocationServiceMap.node, [LocationServiceMap.node.replace(override)]),
+      )
+      expect(Context.get(context, LocationServiceMap.Service)).toBeDefined()
+      expect(acquisitions).toEqual(["caller map"])
+    }),
+  )
+
+  test("shares top-level project even when the location service map is built first", async () => {
     await using tmp = await tmpdir()
     let acquisitions = 0
     const projectLayer = Layer.effect(
@@ -84,8 +105,8 @@ describe("node build", () => {
       }),
     )
     const ref = Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(tmp.path) })
-    const layer = AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Project.node, LocationServiceMap.node]), [
-      [Project.node, projectLayer],
+    const layer = AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([LocationServiceMap.node, Project.node]), [
+      Project.node.replace(projectLayer),
     ])
     const program = Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* Project.Service

packages/core/test/file-mutation.test.ts

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ function provide(directory: string, transformFiles: EnvironmentFilesTransform =
   )
   return Effect.provide(
     AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([LocationMutation.node, FileMutation.node]), [
-      [Location.node, activeLocation],
-      [Environment.node, transformEnvironmentFiles(transformFiles)],
+      Location.node.replace(activeLocation),
+      Environment.node.replace(transformEnvironmentFiles(transformFiles)),
     ]),
   )
 }

packages/core/test/filesystem/search.test.ts

@@ -77,16 +77,15 @@ describe("FileSystemSearch", () => {
         workspaceID: Workspace.ID.make("wrk_test"),
       })
       const layer = AppNodeBuilder.build(FileSystemSearch.node, [
-        [
-          Location.node,
+        Location.node.replace(
           Layer.succeed(
             Location.Service,
             Location.Service.of(
               location(ref, { vcs: { type: "git", store: AbsolutePath.make(path.join(directory, ".git")) } }),
             ),
           ),
-        ],
-        [Ripgrep.node, ripgrepStub("remote.ts", (input) => (observed = input))],
+        ),
+        Ripgrep.node.replace(ripgrepStub("remote.ts", (input) => (observed = input))),
       ])
 
       yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -103,8 +102,7 @@ describe("FileSystemSearch", () => {
       let observed: Ripgrep.FindInput | undefined
       const home = AbsolutePath.make(os.homedir())
       const layer = AppNodeBuilder.build(FileSystemSearch.node, [
-        [
-          Location.node,
+        Location.node.replace(
           Layer.succeed(
             Location.Service,
             Location.Service.of(
@@ -114,8 +112,8 @@ describe("FileSystemSearch", () => {
               ),
             ),
           ),
-        ],
-        [Ripgrep.node, ripgrepStub("src/index.ts", (input) => (observed = input))],
+        ),
+        Ripgrep.node.replace(ripgrepStub("src/index.ts", (input) => (observed = input))),
       ])
       yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
         const search = yield* FileSystemSearch.Service
@@ -137,17 +135,15 @@ describe("FileSystemSearch", () => {
       const started = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
       const release = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
       const layer = AppNodeBuilder.build(FileSystemSearch.node, [
-        [
-          Location.node,
+        Location.node.replace(
           Layer.succeed(
             Location.Service,
             Location.Service.of(
               location({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "opencode-search-atomic")) }),
             ),
           ),
-        ],
-        [
-          Ripgrep.node,
+        ),
+        Ripgrep.node.replace(
           Layer.succeed(
             Ripgrep.Service,
             Ripgrep.Service.of({
@@ -169,7 +165,7 @@ describe("FileSystemSearch", () => {
               grep: () => Effect.succeed([]),
             }),
           ),
-        ],
+        ),
       ])
 
       yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -208,17 +204,15 @@ describe("FileSystemSearch", () => {
         (value) => Effect.sync(() => value.mockRestore()),
       )
       const layer = AppNodeBuilder.build(FileSystemSearch.node, [
-        [
-          Location.node,
+        Location.node.replace(
           Layer.succeed(
             Location.Service,
             Location.Service.of(
               location({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "opencode-search-cache")) }),
             ),
           ),
-        ],
-        [
-          Ripgrep.node,
+        ),
+        Ripgrep.node.replace(
           Layer.succeed(
             Ripgrep.Service,
             Ripgrep.Service.of({
@@ -234,7 +228,7 @@ describe("FileSystemSearch", () => {
               grep: () => Effect.succeed([]),
             }),
           ),
-        ],
+        ),
       ])
 
       yield* Effect.gen(function* () {

packages/core/test/filesystem/watcher.test.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { Deferred, Duration, Effect, Fiber, Layer, Option, Schedule, Stream } fr
 import { Config } from "@opencode-ai/core/config"
 import { ConfigLocationWatcherPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/config/plugin/location-watcher"
 import { AppNodeBuilder } from "@opencode-ai/core/effect/app-node-builder"
-import { makeLocationNode, type LocationNode } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/app-node"
+import { makeLocationNode } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/app-node"
 import { LayerNode } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/layer-node"
 import { Bus } from "@opencode-ai/core/bus"
 import { FSUtil } from "@opencode-ai/util/fs-util"
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ function provide(
   vcs?: Location.Interface["vcs"],
   watcher?: Layer.Layer<Watcher.Service>,
   config: Layer.Layer<Config.Service> = configLayer,
-  plugins: LocationNode<PluginSupervisor.Service> = pluginNode,
+  plugins: typeof pluginNode = pluginNode,
 ) {
   const locationLayer = Layer.succeed(
     Location.Service,
@@ -138,10 +138,10 @@ function provide(
   const built = AppNodeBuilder.build(
     LayerNode.group([LocationWatcher.node, LocationWatcherPolicy.node, Bus.node, Config.node]),
     [
-      [Config.node, config],
-      [Location.node, locationLayer],
-      [PluginSupervisor.node, plugins],
-      ...(watcher ? ([[Watcher.node, watcher]] as const) : []),
+      Config.node.replace(config),
+      Location.node.replace(locationLayer),
+      PluginSupervisor.node.replace(plugins),
+      ...(watcher ? ([Watcher.node.replace(watcher)] as const) : []),
     ],
   )
   return Effect.provide(built)
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ function withTmp<A, E, R>(
     init?: (directory: string) => Promise<void>
     watcher?: Layer.Layer<Watcher.Service>
     config?: Layer.Layer<Config.Service>
-    plugins?: LocationNode<PluginSupervisor.Service>
+    plugins?: typeof pluginNode
   },
 ) {
   return Effect.acquireRelease(

packages/core/test/fixture/effect-flock-worker.ts

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ const testGlobal = Global.layerWith({
   log: os.tmpdir(),
 })
 
-const testLayer = LayerNode.compile(EffectFlock.node, [[Global.node, testGlobal]])
+const testLayer = LayerNode.compile(EffectFlock.node, { replacements: [Global.node.replace(testGlobal)] })
 
 async function job() {
   if (msg.ready) await fs.writeFile(msg.ready, String(process.pid))

packages/core/test/fixture/prompt-location.ts

@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ export const promptLocationNode = makeGlobalNode({
           SessionPrompt.layer.pipe(
             Layer.provideMerge(
               Layer.mergeAll(
-                LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group([PluginHooks.node, Image.node, Skill.node]), [
-                  [Bus.node, Layer.succeed(Bus.Service, bus)],
-                ]),
+                LayerNode.compile(LayerNode.group([PluginHooks.node, Image.node, Skill.node]), {
+                  replacements: [Bus.node.replace(Layer.succeed(Bus.Service, bus))],
+                }),
                 Layer.succeed(FSUtil.Service, fs),
                 Layer.succeed(PluginSupervisor.Service, { flush: Effect.void }),
                 Layer.mock(Reference.Service, { refresh: () => Effect.void }),

packages/core/test/formatter.test.ts

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
 const it = testEffect(
   AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node, SdkPlugins.node, LocationServiceMap.node]), [
-    [Global.node, tempGlobalLayer],
+    Global.node.replace(tempGlobalLayer),
   ]),
 )
 type ConfigInput = typeof Info.Encoded

packages/core/test/instance-plugins.test.ts

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ const instances = Layer.effect(
     (ref: Location.Ref) =>
       Instance.layer(ref, {
         plugins: path.basename(ref.directory) === "thread-a" ? [agentPlugin("thread-a-plugin", "thread-a-agent")] : [],
-        replacements: [[Global.node, tempGlobalLayer]],
+        replacements: [Global.node.replace(tempGlobalLayer)],
       }),
     { idleTimeToLive: Duration.infinity },
   ),
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ const instances = Layer.effect(
 
 const it = testEffect(
   AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node, SdkPlugins.node, LocationServiceMap.node]), [
-    [Global.node, tempGlobalLayer],
-    [LocationServiceMap.node, instances],
+    Global.node.replace(tempGlobalLayer),
+    LocationServiceMap.node.replace(instances),
   ]),
 )
 

packages/core/test/instance-vanilla.test.ts

@@ -23,14 +23,13 @@ import { Bus } from "../src/bus"
 // Config the host hands the vanilla instance explicitly: a value and an
 // explicit plugin removal, both of which must survive discovery: false.
 const hostConfig: LayerNode.Replacements = [
-  [
-    Config.node,
+  Config.node.replace(
     Config.configured({
       project: false,
       global: false,
       content: JSON.stringify({ shell: "vanilla-host", plugins: ["-opencode.tool.shell"] }),
     }),
-  ],
+  ),
 ]
 
 // Same directory contents, two instances: one vanilla, one with discovery.
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ const instances = Layer.effect(
         // "bare" exercises the vanilla defaults themselves: no caller Config.
         discovery: name !== "vanilla" && name !== "bare",
         // Caller replacements win over the vanilla defaults.
-        replacements: [[Global.node, tempGlobalLayer], ...(name === "vanilla" ? hostConfig : [])],
+        replacements: [Global.node.replace(tempGlobalLayer), ...(name === "vanilla" ? hostConfig : [])],
       })
     },
     { idleTimeToLive: Duration.infinity },
@@ -52,8 +51,8 @@ const instances = Layer.effect(
 
 const it = testEffect(
   AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node, SdkPlugins.node, LocationServiceMap.node]), [
-    [Global.node, tempGlobalLayer],
-    [LocationServiceMap.node, instances],
+    Global.node.replace(tempGlobalLayer),
+    LocationServiceMap.node.replace(instances),
   ]),
 )
 

packages/core/test/instruction-discovery.test.ts

@@ -33,19 +33,18 @@ const instructionLayer = (input: {
     AppNodeBuilder.build(
       LayerNode.group([InstructionDiscovery.node, Bus.node, FSUtil.node, Global.node, Location.node, Watcher.node]),
       [
-        [InstructionDiscovery.node, InstructionDiscovery.configured({ project: input.project })],
-        [
-          Global.node,
+        InstructionDiscovery.node.replace(InstructionDiscovery.configured({ project: input.project })),
+        Global.node.replace(
           input.config || input.home
             ? Global.layerWith({
                 ...(input.config ? { config: input.config } : {}),
                 ...(input.home ? { home: input.home } : {}),
               })
             : tempGlobalLayer,
-        ],
-        [Location.node, input.locationServiceLayer],
-        [Watcher.node, watcher],
-        ...(input.filesystemLayer ? [[FSUtil.node, input.filesystemLayer] as const] : []),
+        ),
+        Location.node.replace(input.locationServiceLayer),
+        Watcher.node.replace(watcher),
+        ...(input.filesystemLayer ? [FSUtil.node.replace(input.filesystemLayer)] : []),
       ],
     ),
     watcher,

packages/core/test/instruction-state.test.ts

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
 const it = testEffect(
   AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node, SessionProjector.node]), [
-    [Bus.node, Bus.configured({ persist: true })],
+    Bus.node.replace(Bus.configured({ persist: true })),
   ]),
 )
 

packages/core/test/instructions/builtins.test.ts

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ const locationLayer = Layer.succeed(
 )
 const it = testEffect(
   AppNodeBuilder.build(InstructionBuiltIns.node, [
-    [Location.node, locationLayer],
-    [Global.node, Global.layerWith({ config: temporary, tmp: temporary })],
+    Location.node.replace(locationLayer),
+    Global.node.replace(Global.layerWith({ config: temporary, tmp: temporary })),
   ]),
 )
 

packages/core/test/integration.test.ts

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ const failingCredentialNode = makeGlobalNode({
   deps: [],
 })
 const failingIt = testEffect(
-  AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Integration.node, Bus.node]), [[Credential.node, failingCredentialNode]]),
+  AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Integration.node, Bus.node]), [Credential.node.replace(failingCredentialNode)]),
 )
 
 function eventually<A, E, R>(

packages/core/test/lib/tool.ts

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ export function waitForCodeModeTool(
 ): Effect.Effect<Tool.Snapshot, Error> {
   return Effect.gen(function* () {
     const toolSet = yield* registry.snapshot()
-    if (toolSet.codeModeCatalog?.some((tool) => tool.path === path)) return toolSet
+    if (toolSet.codeModeCatalog?.tools.some((tool) => tool.path === path)) return toolSet
     if (remaining === 0) {
       return yield* Effect.fail(new Error(`Timed out waiting for Code Mode tool: ${path}`))
     }